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Practice Intentionality & Presence with Mantram Repetition INTENTIONALITY & PRESENCE Om Namah Shivaya... Practice Intentionality & Presence with Mantram Repetition by PhD, RN, FAAN JILL E. BORMANN Jose manuel Gelpi diaz / Thinkstock Gelpi diaz manuel Jose hen was the last time you really listened to someone A mantram, or mantra, (either spelling has the same with undivided and full attention? Were you present meaning in Sanskrit) is a word or phrase defined as a “short, in that moment, without thoughts of what you powerful spiritual formula . used to call up what is best and needed to do next? Could you listen without trying deepest in ourselves” (Easwaran, 2008a, p.12). The phrase Wto finish the other person’s sentences? If your answer is “no,” mantram repetition was introduced to the West by Sri Eknath then you may be a good candidate for mantram repetition. Easwaran (see sidebar at right) as part of his Eight-Point “What is a mantram?” you ask. “Isn’t it called a mantra?” Before Program (Easwaran, 2008b). answering these questions, I acknowledge that there are many There are many commonly recommend mantrams to opinions and teachings about the best ways to calm the mind, choose from, but it is important to select one for yourself to meditate, manage stress, stay mindful, and be present with others. match your personal philosophy and spiritual needs. Silently Each person must find the method or practice that works best for repeating a mantram is a portable, contemplative practice that him/her. For those who have never tried any meditative practices, can be exercised nearly any time or place, without needing a however, mantram repetition may be a good place to start. quiet environment, specific time period or posture. It is used to 22 Beginnings | American Holistic Nurses Association APRIL 2014 teach your mind to focus, pause and be from its practice further develop the present, even while on the go! ability to capture moment-to-moment awareness, with a bonus of choosing A Few Examples of Benefits of Practicing what to stay focused upon. Mantram Commonly Recommended Mantram Repetition repetition does not strive to “transcend” Mantrams Repeating a mantram requires intention consciousness, but instead, makes a • Rama meaning “eternal joy and focus. When practicing correctly, your person more conscious. within” from Mahatma Gandhi mind should have no room for thinking So how can mantram repetition • Om Shanti meaning “eternal of anything else (so, you know when improve intentionality and presence peace” from Hinduism you are doing it and when you are not). with patients and co-workers? There are • Jesus or Ave Maria from In addition, while practicing mantram three ways it helps: Christianity mentally, you simultaneously slow down 1) Mantram is like a pause button for • Ribono Shel Olam meaning your thought process and develop the the mind. “Master of the Universe” from skill of concentrating and focusing on just 2) Mantram brings us immediately Judaism one thing—your mantram. into the present moment. • O Wankan Tanka meaning Mantram repetition is done 3) Mantram strengthens our ability to “O Great Spirit” internally, quietly inside the mind, cultivate presence, active listening, • and many others… and requires both commitment and and doing one thing at a time. intention. This may be difficult at first, however over time with consistent, daily Repeating a mantram is an instant About Easwaran practice, repeating a mantram builds reminder to be here now. At work, repeat a Sri Eknath Easwaran (1910-1999) expertise to direct one’s attention at mantram just a few times before meeting was a spiritual teacher and author will. It fosters slowing down and being your next patient. Repeat a mantram to from India, who introduced the present in the moment. This internal skill refocus yourself before doing a procedure concept of mantram repetition to of concentration can later be transferred or giving medications. When walking from Western culture. His method of externally to a variety of daily tasks. Thus, meeting to meeting, repeat a mantram to Passage Meditation and his Eight- the practice of repeating a mantram with give your mind a mini-break from the Point Program (Easwaran, 2008b) intention and focus becomes a means day’s hassles. Repeat it when you notice has been taught to audiences around to better concentration on other things you are getting anxious or worried about the world. Easwaran founded in your life, from the mundane (doing things that are completely out of your the Blue Mountain Center of dishes) to the sublime (being intimate control. Repeat it when ruminating on Meditation in Tomales, California, with a partner). Unlike a motto, pep- something unnecessary or that you simply which continues to preserve and talk, inspirational passage or personal cannot deal with right now. A mantram perpetuate his work. To learn more, affirmation, a mantram embodies a can help block out events that happened visit www.easwaran.org sacred essence, Higher Power, or God’s yesterday or those that might happen in assistance. It is powerful. the future. Use mantram repetition to Travis and Shear (2010) categorized calm yourself before presenting sad or meditative practices into three types: disturbing news to a patient or family. being and quality of life (Leary et al., 1) Object-focused such as attention on 2013; Yong et al., 2011). Presence has breath, sound, picture, etc. Research on Mantram Repetition been more difficult to study, but recently 2) Open-monitoring where attention Research evidence has shown that Dr. Carol Kostovich (2012) developed moves toward whatever comes into mantram repetition is a valuable tool a valid and reliable measure called the one’s awareness—thoughts, feelings, in the workplace (Richards, Oman, Presence of Nursing Scale (PONS). More physical sensations. Hedberg, Thoresen & Bowden, 2006). research on mantram repetition is being 3) Transcendent, where focus allows Healthcare workers have reported planned using the PONS. one to move beyond thoughts, reduced levels of perceived stress, In conclusion, let mantram as described in Transcendental anxiety, anger (Bormann, Becker et al., repetition become a habit in your life, Meditation (TM). 2006; Bormann, Oman et al., 2006), and it can serve as a steady friend. It and burnout (Leary, Bormann, Smith, can improve your ability to be present The practice of mantram repetition Georges, & Andrews, 2013; Yong, Kim, and intentional with others. Best of all, involves these first two. It is an object- Park, Seo & Swinton, 2011). They have a mantram can be repeated at any time, focused method, but the skills derived also reported improved spiritual well- continued on page 24 APRIL 2014 American Holistic Nurses Association | Beginnings 23 Practice Intentionality & Presence with Mantram Repetition continued from page 23 any place, and anywhere. It is particularly useful when waiting Richards T.A., Oman D., Hedberg, J., Thoresen C.E., & Bowden, J. in elevators, when walking or exercising, and especially before (2006). A qualitative examination of a spiritually-based intervention falling asleep at night. Make sure you use it at times when and self-management in the workplace. Nursing Science Quarterly, 19(3), 231-239. you need it, as well as those times when you do not. Then, it Travis, F., & Shear, J. (2010). Focused attention, open monitoring and will be there for you instantly. It is readily available, quickly automatic self-transcending: Categories to organize meditations implemented, sustainable, and a very effective tool for living in from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions. Conscious Cognition, the “now.” Give it a try! 19(4), 1110-1118. Yong, J., Kim, J., Park, J., Seo, I., & Swinton, J. (2011). Effects of a References spirituality training program on the spiritual and psychosocial Bormann, J. E., Becker, S., Gershwin, M., Kelly, A., Pada, L., Smith, well-being of hospital middle manager nurses in Korea. Journal of T. L., & Gifford, A. L. (2006). Relationship of frequent mantram Continuing Education in Nursing, 42(6), 280-288. repetition to emotional and spiritual well-being in healthcare workers. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 37(5), 218-224. Jill E. Bormann PhD, RN, FAAN is a Clinical Bormann, J. E., Oman, D., Kemppainen, J. K., Becker, S., Gershwin, Nurse Specialist in Adult Psychiatric-Mental M., & Kelly, A. (2006). Mantram repetition for stress management Health Nursing and the Associate Nurse in veterans and employees: A critical incident study. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 53(5), 502-512. Executive for Research at the VA San Diego Easwaran, E. (2008a). The mantram handbook: A practical guide to Healthcare System. She holds adjunct faculty choosing your mantram and calming your mind (5th ed.). Tomales, positions within the Schools of Nursing at the CA: Nilgiri Press. University of San Diego and San Diego State Easwaran, E. (2008b). Passage meditation: Bringing the deep wisdom of University. After completing a VA post-doctoral fellowship in 2001, the heart into daily life (3rd ed.). Tomales, CA: Nilgiri Press. Kostovich, C.T. (2012). Development and psychometric assessment she has been conducting research on the health outcomes of the of the Presence of Nursing Scale. Nursing Science Quarterly, 25(2), Mantram Repetition Program in a variety of groups. She has published 167-175. numerous studies on mantram repetition with diverse populations, Leary, S., Bormann, J.E., Smith, T. L., Georges, J., & Andrews, T. (2013). including adults with HIV/AIDS, Veterans with chronic illnesses, Internet-delivered Mantram Repetition program for burnout in healthcare workers. Podium presentation at the Western Institute family caregivers of Veterans with dementia, healthcare providers, of Nursing 46th Annual Communicating Nursing Research Conference, first-time military mothers, and Veterans with posttraumatic stress Anaheim, CA, April 10-13, 2013. disorder (PTSD). 24 Beginnings | American Holistic Nurses Association APRIL 2014 A Publication of the American Holistic Nurses Association Vol. 31 No. 4 Fall 2011 Beginnings magazine is a benefit of AHNA membership.
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