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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,528,911 Dephillipo Et Al

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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,528,911 Dephillipo Et Al United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,528,911 DePhillipo et al. (45. Date of Patent: Jul. 16, 1985 54) TRACER AMMUNITION XM216 Cartridge', published by Dept. of the Army, 75 Inventors: Thomas E. DePhillipo, Somerdale, Feb. 1972. N.J.; James F. Kowalick, Primary Examiner-Harold J. Tudor Southampton, Pa. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Steele, Gould & Fried 73 Assignee: LSI Technologies, Inc., Westmont, N.J. 57 ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 507,063 An improved tracer ammunition round and method of manufacturing the tracer ammunition is disclosed. Each 22 Filed: Jun. 23, 1983 round is fabricated by first providing an elongated hole 51 Int. Cl. .............................................. F42B 11/16 in a cord of soft metal, filling the hole with a special 52 U.S. Cl. ..................................... 102/513; 102/514 pyrotechnic composition and then reducing the diame 58) Field of Search ................ 102/501, 503, 514-516, ter of the cord to a desired size. The cord is then 102/513 cropped into round size lengths and each length is treated to provide a shaped slug with a pyrotechnic (56) References Cited column throughout its length. The shaped slugs are U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS then inserted into the interior cavities of shaped metallic 581,946 5/1897 Simple ................................. 102/53 jackets and are secured therein by crimping. The pyro 734,966 7/1903 Schou ..... ... 102/53 technic column is formed of zirconium powder, potas l,094,402 4/1914 Keen ................................... 102/513 sium perchlorate and a suitable binder. The ratio of the 3,401,636 9/1968 Ciccone et al. 3,988,990 1 1/1976 MacDonald, Jr. et al. ........ 102/513 length of the column to its diameter is between five and 4,204,895 5/1980 Webster, III ......................... 149/20 two hundred and the diameter of the pyrotechnic col umn is between 0.025 inches and 0.035 inches. OTHER PUBLICATIONS Report R-2033, entitled "Development of Tracers for 9 Claims, 7 Drawing Figures 2. SN w a ". "a coe & &6% 56 32 4,528,911 1. 2 nic composition during flight (usually called "popout"). TRACERAMMUNITION Further difficulties have been experienced by prior workers in the art because the proper functioning of FIELD OF THE INVENTION many tracer compositions exhibited an undesirable de This invention relates generally to the field of small pendence on the ambient temperatures. arms and cannon caliber ammunition, and more particu Additionally, inasmuch as present small-arms tracer larly, is directed to improved tracer ammunition includ projectiles often do not or can not have the same exte ing an improved method of manufacture of the tracer rior ballistics as the companion (non-tracer) projectiles ammunition. such as ball projectiles or HE projectiles, which they 10 must simulate in flight trajectory, it will be appreciated BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION that other design and manufacturing problems exist Tracer ammunition, that is, ammunition including which have not been fully mastered by those skilled in pyrotechnic compositions, has long been employed by the art of tracer ammunition production. the military and other organizations to provide a visible It has been found by prior workers in the field that "trace' of a projectile's trajectory after the projectile 15 the reliability of ignition and the burning time of a has been fired from a weapon. Such tracer ammunition tracer is a sensitive function of several manufacturing provides visual assurance that all rounds or slugs are and environmental variables. The tracer assembly takes being delivered to the exact area wherein it is desired to up critical space in the round as a whole and is not direct the fire. Accordingly, for small arms, it is impor readily compatible with other ammunition types. Fur tant that the tracer rounds be similar in size, weight and 20 ther, the tracer functioning can perturb the exterior configuration to the other non-tracer rounds so that all ammunition will exhibit similar trajectories and flight ballistics, and because of this, tracer sub-caliber rounds patterns For cannon caliber rounds, all types of ammu for large caliber systems or the same caliber tracer nition (e.g., armor-piercing, high-explosive, target-prac rounds for small caliber systems can experience ballistic tice, etc.) will contain a tracer. 25 mismatches as compared with the main or non-tracer Such prior-art pyrotechnic compositions have con round when in flight. ventionally been loaded into a hole drilled in the base of Additionally, the presently available tracer ammuni the projectile to a predetermined depth wherein the tion usually exhibits poor visibility at long ranges from depth of the hole is related to the total visible burning the gunner's location. The relatively large pyrotechnic time required. The visible burning time for a pyrotech 30 display of the presently available tracer ammunition nic tracer projectile is usually defined as the time over provides a close range of visibility which may serve as which the gunner or other observer can actually see the a locater and thus permit enemy detection of the firing "trace' of the projectile. This hole in the base of the source. Accordingly, many gunners have been faced projectile is filled during the manufacturing process with the choice of disgarding tracer ammunition en with a pyrotechnic powdered composition, which com 35 tirely and thus losing the accuracy and locating affect of position must be consolidated under extremely high the tracer rounds or else, by employing the tracer am compression forces, usually by employing a hydraulic munition for accuracy purposes, they might then find or pneumatic press. This consolidation process may themselves unduely attracting return fire because of the require several consolidation steps and may require the locater effect of the tracers. Further, it has been found addition of a separate igniter composition in order to that in many instances, certain chlorinated ingredients assure ignition after firing. The extremely high tamping of current tracer compositions have histories of mani pressures previously required in the tracer ammunition festing carcinogenic effects during manufacturing, manufacturing process proved to be extremely cumber thereby possibly creating a considerable job hazard some and difficult when encountering small cavity pro Additionally, as above set forth, automated tracer man jectiles to thereby greatly increase production costs 45 ufacturing procedures have not heretofore been avail while at the same time decreasing reliability and pre able and accordingly, the cost of tracer ammunition dictability. manufacturing is considerably greater than that of the The consolidation process presently necessary to main, non-tracer rounds. produce the currently available tracer ammunition has It is therefore an object of the present invention to rendered the manufacture of such ammunition unadapt 50 provide an improved tracer ammunition of the type set able to fast production by employment of the usual forth. automatic ammunition manufacturing equipment. This It is another object of the present invention to pro results in the requirement to utilize special, slow func vide a novel tracer ammunition featuring pyrotechnic tioning machines, thus considerably slowing down the columns including means to produce long burning times production of tracer ammunition and causing increased 55 with highly intense displays visible over long ranges. production costs. The consolidation process also con It is another object of the present invention to pro tributes to the relatively unreliable performance of cur vide a novel small arms tracer ammunition which can be rently available military tracer ammunition. Military manufactured utilizing the same equipment and the specifications usually set forth the common "trace' same manufacturing techniques which are employed requirement that ninety to ninety-five percent of the 60 when manufacturing the non-tracing rounds. tracer projectiles actually trace at a reliability level of It is another object of the present invention to pro ninety percent. Ammunition manufacturers have expe vide a novel tracer ammunition featuring a pyrotechnic rienced difficulties in meeting such standards. The pres column characterized by a length-to-diameter ratio ently employed consolidation process and the use of which exceeds the value of five. standard metal-oxidizer chemical formulation has led to 65 It is another object of the present invention to pro various ammunition malfunctions such as "blinds' vide a novel tracer ammunition including a pyrotechnic (wherein there is no tracing at all), short traces, dim column of small diameter and means to slow the burn traces or even the ejection of all or part of the pyrotech ing rate of the pyrotechnic column. 4,528,911 3 4 It is another object of the present invention to pro tracer composition 22 can be drilled or otherwise vide a novel method of manufacturing an improved worked to provide an opening for receipt therein of an tracer ammunition wherein the need for a drilled hole igniter composition 26. In some types of tracers, if nec ro receive a pyrotechnic composition in the base of the essary, a sub-igniter composition 28 can also be pro projectile can be eliminated. 5 vided to assure ignition of the pyrotechnic composition It is a further object of the present invention to pro 22. A closure disc 30 may be provided rearwardly of the vide a metal encased tracer element for use in cannon pyrotechnic composition 22, the igniter 26 and sub caliber ammunition. igniter 28 in a manner to close the rear jacket opening It is another object of the present invention to pro 20 and to facilitate the manufacturing process. Prefera vide a novel tracer ammunition and an improved 10 bly, a peripheral crimp 32 is provided in the jacket 12 to method of manufacturing the same. secure the jacket to the lead slug 14. In known manner, Other objects and a fuller understanding of the inven the peripheral crimp may be provided with a knurled tion will be had by referring to the following descrip cannelure 34 to aid in the mechanical bonding of the tion and claims of a preferred embodiment thereof, parts.
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