DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 131 593 FL 008 147
AUTHOR Schutz, Albert J.; Komaitai, Ratu RusiateT. TITLE Lessonsvin Fijian. INS'aTUTION Peace C-orps, Washington, D.C. PUB DATE May 68 NOTE 194p.; Not available in hard copy dueto marginal legibility of original doc,ament.
EDRS PRICE 1R-$0,..."3-3 Plus Postage. HC Not Availablefr m EDRS. DESCR=PTORS Adult Education;Adult Programs; *Grammar; *Instructional Materials; *Language instruction; Pattern Drills (Language).; Phonology;Pronunciation; *Second Language Learning; Substitution Drills; *Textbooks; Uncommonly Taught Languages;Vocabulary; Volunteers IDENTIFIERS *Fijian; *Peace Corps ABSTRACT This is A Eilian grammar developed bythe Peace Corps. A preliminary sec ionon spelling and pronunciation is followed by 18 chapters,- each consisting ofa dialogue, substitution and repetition drills, and vocabulary. (AM)
******** ****** *** ********** ******** **************** *- Documents acquired by ERIc includemany informal unpublished * . materials not available from othersources. ERIC makes every. effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless,items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and thisaffects the .guality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductionsERIC makes available via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service(EDRS) .EDRS is not * responsible for the guaiity of the original'document.Reproductions * supplied by. EDRS are the best thatcan be, made from the original. * LFSso93 iN FTJTAN
Developc2(1 by
Albert J. schUtz.
and
Ratu Rusiate T. Komaltai
With the Assicinco of'
Ayako Ya.:iuda
Honolulu, Haii May 1968
U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTN. EDUCATION & WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DUCATiON
'".' F=I PEPQ0, F Ft-QOM T ION OP !GIN- ' OPiNtONi 7E T) NOT Nir.F.';',ApiLY PEPRE- -,F 7-g ryzAL NATaNt,t. tNSTITUTP OF F r InN ir 2 FIJIAN
S e_lilg andPronunciation
Although one's first guide topronunciation is that a speaRer Of Fijian, from time to time it isnecessary to pronounce.mords from the written form. The Fijian spelling systemh sullh a high nf C0nSI_5 tenCyLie tween symbol and sound thatan acceptable pronunciation will be possiblein mostcases. It must be remembered, however,that the relationship between a soundand the letterthat-symtoli itis arbitrary. Failure to recognizethis has led to a proli- feration of criti,isms about the Fijian spellingsystem, mostly because forms are notpronounced as they would he if they wem Engli h words. In the explanation belo',, English examples are used to givean approximation of the_ 'Fijian pronunciation. But they serveas only an approxi- mation, andno more.
CONSONANT3 Approximate EnglishEquiv4,lent
pl p (Without the puffof air that accompanies.an Engiiahp in words like pin. -Closer to tir.-Y E in sLln. NOTES 1. E is used only inborrowed words.
\ (as in uigiih not.
(as in English
No Englishsymbol. This sound is made by trillingor tapping the tip of the tongue against ther,um, ridge. opanish has a similarr sound.
dr No Eng ish symbol. This soun , al- though interpretedas dr is actually the above r sound preceded byn.
1 in English like,bumade w _h the tIp of thetongue t uc ng the bac f the teethrather t n the gum dge.)
(as in Englishwet,
y ( adc wIth lesstens__ -ss of muscle than the Englishsound. This sound occurs only before a.)
VOWE
Fijian has fiv- vowels, therebyusing the ame vowel symbols-that English But therethe imilarity ends. The soundsrepresented are nearer-to thoseof Spanl-hor Latin AlthoUgh'fOur of the FijianioweIs sound A to the Engli-hvowels in the words givenas equivalents, the former donot end ina lIde. Por the firstfour of the followingexamples, only the startingpoint Of-the
4 de with the tip of the tongue on the back of the teeth,' rather than on the gum ridge, as in English. Also with less air-rnore like stone than tone.)
rt like sk± than key. In faster sp-_ h, particularly before an 'unstressed vowel, there is not a definite stoppage of air, buton y a narrowing of the passage. It also may become voiced in this position. No Eng.lish examplecan be given, but the sound is similar to the in German sagen.)
mb (like mL in
nd (like nd in cani ,
ng ike ng In finEor.)
No English symbol. Thio consonant sounds very similar to Englishv, but is made by narromlng theopening.betm en the lips, rather than between the lowr lip and upper teeth)as in EngliSh.
th then.)
m (as in English mat.) DiphthOngs,
Although vowels likethat In English makedo not occur in Fliian, ome similar ones do. In vi f there is more culation of the I thanthe o ma in r spech, sequences likethisbecni
. more anct mope liRed phthongs.
Stress
In any se me are pronounced With morelo dness or stress, thanothers. I- some the stress is predi- able. It willoccur under the 1oilow irig concat
1. On lon,, vewe7
the secoiidtoiastvol,Jel, unlessthe las ;el Is long.
Ti four-syllable words, on not onl the seeon to-I sylie but alsothe first. longe: words, only cond!itions 1 and 2hold. Other stresses areunpredictable.
P _ONUNCIATIONDRILLS
ne learninga secon1 languae has a ter- to interpret the sounds he hears interms of his 'language. -Thushe produces what is commonly calleda forel,n accent. The followiAg drills are aimedto give the studentpractIce with the sounds Of Fijianthat lik ly't- be most dIffIcult fora speaker of EnglishtG English sound,a d not ide, should be usedas a model.
make.
En lish boat.
English move.
The a in Engl -hfather is a.better example than thosepreceding; there is no off-glide in either theEnglish or the Fijian sound.
Long _vo els
In describing English sounds, thete_ 'Ion was traditionally applied to certainvowels and referred, mainly to the quality -f the sound. For Fijian the term is used in quite a di ferent sensethatof duration. The difference between i and is that the latter las longer than the former. Each of the fivevowels can occur long, and'there are pairs of .words thatdiffer only in that one has ,a short vowel and the other hasa long one. Failure to mark thIs difference is one ofthe:major weaknesses of the,traditional spellingsystem. In the
, present teaching material as well as in recentgrammars and dictionaries,.long vow-ls are marked as above'--ith a macron. nia 'benumbed' new (one dialect) way B. Repeat the Fijian.
2. Fijia.1 vowel sequencesvs. English diphthons.
In certain positions,Fijian vowel sequencesarc similar to Enp:lishdiphthongs., But for Fijian, there two peaks, compared with one for the Englishexamples. A. Listen, but don't xepeat.
Fijian English
tel 'seacoast' tie
tau fall (rain) town
tao 'entangled' town
tel 'plant' take
tou (plant) ow
bai 'fence' by
Bau 'Eau' bough
bei 'accuse' bay
bou 'house post' bow
cai 'copulate' thy
cau 'present' thou
cei 1who-' they cou 'bald' though dau. 'expert' ,endow dei 'firm' day dou 'you three' dough kai 'shell' kite
8 tO recognize andproduco.
1. Fijian lonF; vowelsvs. English diphthoncs.
Here, a 1on-7, 1ts lons.er in duration ti.aha
short vowea, ar.6 tir.is not significant change inquality. ,In the ,tollowing exerce, -ijlan long vowelsare contr:c'ted ur:th sinli-ar Englishdiphthon-thtit Is glided vowels. A. Li:lten, but dr,iHt rt7,11; Fijian
tI 'tpa' tea
'combine tow
tti'stand' two . ki (fish) key
k3 "hero' Kay
coo' bI '11c-avy, be
bo 'seizc' bow
'oil 'drinking coconut' boo Adi 'empty'
\d5 'animalexerement' day
d& 'rotten' dough
,d-T1 ',indeed' (dialect) do
, m1 'urinate' me
65 'goat' may
53 1somef so
mu'buttocks' moo
9 soke 'knot' i 'pick fruit by twist
kele 'anchor keli 'dig'
s.ple 'covered wi mats' soli 'give'
sore 'seed' sori reeds' B. RGpeat.
, Initialj.
. The use in the Fijianspelling system ofg for [ni stems from a conventionestablished'elsewhere in the
Pacific- .by the earllymissionaries. It is similar to the
final seu.ld in Englishsin3, but itsoccurrence in word-
initia] nosition inFijian presents specialproblems to speakern of EnpdisP
A. Listen'to the if.. rst serie , then repeat. aga. aga [Repeat five times ga
ogo ogo ogo go go [Repeat five times
14.a II ' [Repeafive times]
ege ege e e [Repeat five times]
ugu uT:u gu gu [RePeat five tim ] 3. Rppeat
--Ta 'gape' gai 'pet pi
galu 'dumb' gatu ta a''
gE 'do' Ri 'to queal' gone 'child' 7f7;u lernest,
gunu 'drink' gusu 'mouth' 10 ka 'tree
kei 'of' Kay
kou t ut' coat B, ReocaL the F1jLan.
Long Ort vowels.
A. LAstn, but d 't rep kila 'wild' kilã 'know la itchy' mila .ratch'
tara 'built' tara 'touch'
toro 'shave' tor3 'pig sty'" eula 'needle'
lolc 'coconut juiee _ ' 1o1- (type kaka tutter' kaki; 'parrot'
kola ''.ut in pieces' kol5 (transitive) 1 B. Repeat
4. Final -e vs.
Although in fasterspeech there issome falli together of these two sounds, kept distin-t in slower speech.
A. ,Li ten,-badon repeat.
sis (fish) s1s 'slide kab coVer n. oco- kab 'adhere' nut leaf' qa 'old person' ciasi 'crawl' yate 'liver' yati''move wly' teke 'kick teki
11 C. Lstcn but rr.peat. ra ro
rau ruku
rawa ,roko ratu rou rut -4-
In speech, thc sound is oftenma )=1,nc e gum ridge only once withthe tip f the tongue. similar to the articulationo / in Ame):.1,.. Engiish.
E. Li- en, d -'t repeat. later
-latter water
matter butter
batter city
better pity
F. Repeat.
G. Listen, but don'trepeat;\ cara 'clear path' koro -lage' et_ 'pri.i;e kiri \ ciri 'drift' kar 'Iwlecanoe cori tether' .,keve CQP0 single' kirovhollow H. Repe,,t. I. Li-t n, but repea 12 egative
.Some learners subst tute [ -or [ng] for Listen the fOilowngnironuniati _ gone [gone]
galu [ ]
gusU Tngsul gatu [ngatu]
- D. Repest
gone galu gusu gatu E. D
Repond with r1pht orwrong for the following att mpts to produce aninitial Er13 na RIMIT rusu RIGHT . RIGHT : WRONG .gusu WRONG hi RIGHT , ngone WRONG rRuiu WRONG. nOe RIGHT, nunu RIGHT n5 - RI.,__ .gatU WRONG ge .,WRONG nal RIGHT ng5 'WRONG
6. TrIlled drflap For the production of a tonguet ip.trill- the tongue is no manipulatedVoluntarfly, but dnstead moved bythe air stream. Although the sound does nbt. occur in the Englishsound syatern, some 'children prodbceit when Irni- tating a motor o :a machinegun. A. DemonStration. Listen, but dpnot repea
-Repeat
13 Prenas tops b., )1.,
These sprenasali', stops are verysImilar to Eng)ill nd.[, and na (as in finger), but in Fijian they occUP in wo-)M-initial position as wellas medial. Initially,, the .easalizationbefore the [b] and the [d]may be ra:t.): -weak; thatbefore [g] is mainta Tied. .
. A. .Li ten but don't repeat'. ba Tfish fenr-.0 dl' fe es ' /s CII bai fence) dara 'slip' (jai 'then' 11R)E3 dau 'commit adl- ery' ,...,.. galo 'swim' j51,/heavilyladen' vodo 'ride' oq3 'thi5 obo 'clap" keda 'us' 7/ Vu4a' many I-
, 9. Prenasali edtrill or Tlap. .Tho sound that is written dr'is phonetically.a [ eqmnee 04 a 'plUs a- trilled or flappedr. The d result of themovements the tongue goes throughin transition frcon to r.
A. Listen, butdon t repeat. dra 'blood' vadra 'pandanus drau leaf' kedra 'their° . dr-e- 'pull' tadra 'dream' dri 'seacucumJ.1 7 dre 'runaway '
H..: Repeat.
14 ra rT)
rai rogo rusi
rau roka ruku
rawa roko ratu
rou rui Repea
Contrast between R v [a] and English v [y]. [not to be taped]
Fijian v, althoughvery ar in sound to EnglIsh Is not produod ! wIth the lips andthe teeth, but .with I?oth 1ips instead. The lips are ratherspread, not rou ded,
Temonstration_[visual] the differencebetween
Fijian and Englishv.
Fijian Engli
vR 'four' /va/
vei 'there' /Vey/
,you /vow/
vau 'hibiscus' i vow via 'want . via
y5 'urinal' /vow/ B. Repeat. va v3 YU vei vatu vosa
You vola vua vau, voli vudi via vonu vuka that there issometimes a meaninr; change in thetransfer, But the Fijl.an forms are atTleestpartiallypredletni from the Englishsources. Because uf the nature of the twosound -ystems-- Engli*h and. Fijianthe loans have'heen adaptedto fit
. Fijian sysi-em and Still, for themost part, soundas close to the original modela,fs possible. The chancPr3 occuv are due not only to the'differencesin the lists of vowel* and consonants, but alsoto the way theypat- tern in each syStem. An Englishsyllable is a phonemtcal)- complek unit,capable of beginning with as manyas th,:-c.c,: -consonants .(/ornstsnrnst's). HoWeveT 'a F3jiansylla - ble consists either of-avowelalone,or a cofisonant followed.by a vowel. The result ofthis differencein otructures Is that Ent.7,11sn consonantcluter... .4re
reduced for the,Fijian , - form, or theyare separated by inserted vowels. Since final consonants do notochu:, Fijian, either reduction occUTS)or a final vowel is added.
The following chartsshoW poss'blecorrespondences for English andFijian sounds.
1 ti EngisboowIns As the Fijians contact with nglish-speaking people increased, It was inevitable thatthey would acceptnot only the freigne contributions totheir ulture,-bu also theirnames for these gifts. theseare some examples:
alakao alcohol ,aijini hygiene aua hour misila manui measles man-of-war
By 1941 (the date of the Fijan dic ionary ), it likely that the number of Engli hborrow ngs inusewas already higI However, the dictionary lIsts fewerthan 250. ,In 19681 approximately 450pags of newspaier text were culled for borrowings', andover 500-were Counted, not Includingprope1. names. The disparitybetween the.- numbers showsthat it is diffIcult for'beginningstudents of the languageto read.the newspaper with the aidor the-dictionarys,since many of the Fijianspellings seem quite unlike to'English'spurcewordsi and manyof Its meanings are rather differentin Fijian. In addit on'to the borrowings omit ed in'.1941 andthose that havecome into use'after that date,-thereare some like kOteme 'god damn (It) and konoVoe succession ofmen having int6reourse wi'hone woman' (English 'convoy') thatare not likely tofind their way ,into a ,dictionarycomp_ led, by a' Missionary. the ekamples show' that theEn lish sources for the borro_ings are not always obvious and '17 Cons onant Correspondences
MIC, LT SU FIJIAN -Fr p V
c k Ii
/IT 6 nt d rjk q rig d ji 't1
d d t IT. n d
U
ix; S s (1)
. V V
1 8 el Corresponuences
ENGLISH FIJIAN
u
. ey
.e e a
a
0
a a
ew au ay
uw
W OU
01
0
The added vo els are di_ficUlt't0predl are,hy far the most comb with (0---:othetImes. 0c_curring after 1, a after lc, anduaft But in some words, aiimIlationtakes place, and the',a clodvowel ie the same as surrounding vowels. -S3_ONS _
A i matal nilEs -reetings; Whe Classroom andlanguage-learning .,xpre5sions; expressio
Dialogue for mcmoriation.
A. sa yadra. Good mo ming. B. NI2 s. hula. Greetin A. -Oni.2 s-alake ki vei. Wh re- a B. Ki na makete.1 To the market. A. E vei beka3na markc Be Cya. Darulr Over there. Let's A. To. S. vinaka. OK. -Good.
NOTE5
1. -L6soni showssome or the commonest pa 3. TisrordS-. -The consonantsprovided no.problem form; phonetically-Fijian1, and,ff are not iloch fvom thecorrespon-'ingGnglishsounds. Tbe.ft to be expected)but the second of Enc,lista spelling. is probably the The i added atthe .end Ls ilon,pai-t fro after n mad otherdental br alvolzcr Llounds. 8ince'Fijian regularly 'last vowel,seme stresses the second-tf, forms,similar to thisone have a first- 'vowel,. thusstressing that one and mytChiJTmci ,losely the Englishstre4s pattern.. This, .alon i :.;on,monwealth pronunciationor syllable-final for the long vowel r, f, . in m5ke_ , in the dialogue-.
2 0 1.2
2. OnT can be plural, bLt here-it isa polite form for one,. person. For many of the .o- pronouns, ko- also appear 0--,forms usUally occur at the-beginning of sentences ind elsewhere in faster sp ch. There is no difference in xeaning.
3. Beka is also ed for politeness,-It has the effect of making a reques or suggestion less abrupt. 7
4, Daru -s to two people, the speaker and the person spoken to. called 'inclusive,' since it includes the latter.
II. epetItion drill.
Repe t the- following afterthe ndel.
S. yadra 'Good morning. sa bula Greetings. Greetings. sa yadr6, saka-. Good morning, sir. SR bula, saka. Greetings, sir. Drau bula. Greeting6 to yoU (2). Dou bula. Greetings' to yOu (3). Ni sa bula, na marana greetings to a crowd) 10i ha ttraga. 3.mo e. Goodbye. saka. Goodbye,
III. Reoetitiondrill.
Et7-12.2asIP
SR bula, . Ni sH bula. sa yadra. Ni BR Yadra. Vinaka na eacacak Io. Ni Mai kana mada. SR Vinaka. (yes) SR vinaka vakalevu. (no)2 0 hula vinaka?' I°, vaka-lailai. sa mooe. Ni sH moce. Drau bUla. Ia, vinaka na hula.
NOTES
Mada is used D make coMmands or.mquest abiupt. The -Enzlish _valent might be Nould you mnd.
These: -t essions dr ot al ays refer to'yes' and 'no'. Itcan be the .onation that maks the distinctior 1.3
V. Simp e substitutjondrill. Cue 1 Sentence pattern
E vei bekana makete? make e E vei bekana makete. .tUraga E vei beka marama na tUraga? E vei-bekana marama? vale E vei beka vale lailai na Vale? ,E vei-bekana vale laila1 koro E vei beka . makete na koro E vei bekana make e?
VI. Supplementary dialogue.
A: 1 0 cei na yacamunT? What's your name? B: Na yacaquo Rusi, My name's Rusi. Na yacamunT? Your name?
A:. Oiau, o Jone. I'm John. B; OnI lako mai vei? Where do youcome om?
. A: Au lako mai Hawaii. I come from Hawaii. Oni sa iako Mai Where do you vei? come
_Au lako mai Bau.- come from Bau.
vu. work- ph ci cia_room expressions:* Yalo vinaka. Please. Tale mada. Again. Vaka-malua. Vaka-totolo. Fast. Vosoti,au. Pardon me. Tulou.6 Pardon me. SE dodonu? It is right? Io. Ye Sega. -No6 Au sega.ni I'don't know. E,sega ni macala, nitIcy rut tw\t-'444.,,('%.,r I) don't understand. a LA larsvc, /TOT clear) kohe-. box-LA sdia Wi-11 NOTES
1, 0 me' is used; that is, to . attract someone's attention, totake leave, or t -apologize .for an impolite action. A cava beka na vosa vaka- What's the English word for vdlagi ni ?' A cava beka,na vosa vaka-What's theJljian word or. viti ni '? A cava beka ni kena What the meaning of balebale na Vinaka. Thank you. (good) Vinaka vaka-levu. Thank you very much. VIII. VOcabulary.' a cotmon article a i the au 1st person sin ular balebale, meaning' Bau island name beka perhaps, if you pleare, expressing doubt buia live, recover from illness; alive, sound in health; li sa bula 'good day, hello' eakacaka work eava what, which-. eel' who darU 1st person dual inclusive dodonu right, correct, straight dou 2nd person trial drau-.. 2nd person dual (1) verbal particle, (2) in,at -ía,e but, and; sometimes also as a variant on io 'yes' 1.6 yes kana eat kei with, and ki toltowards kili know koro village koya, oyi that, ther_ di lako ,g0 1-6soni lesson (Engl.) 1.5 macala _clear, plain, intelligible mada please; ,used to makea comMand or suggestion less--abrupt makete market (Engl.) marama lady matai first moce sleep, goodbye -muni 2hd person pluralor singular polite na marker for commonnouns- ni_ of hi . 2nd person plural. See onr o marker for propernouns. Also,.ko oiau contraction of ko 4- au oni -2nd person pluralor singular polite. Also, konS -qu 1st person singular -..sa verbal par icle- saka sir, madam sega no _sega ni not, tale again tulou pardon me tUraga chief vaka-lailai a little vaka-levu greatly, a lot- vaka-malua S slowly Yaka-totolo fast Vaka-valag English Vakaviti S Fijian vale _ house vale lailai toilet vei where vinaka good, thank' you vosa speak, talk; word, talk,speech, 'language vosotl au pardon me yaca name . yadra Wake, good mQrnIrg - yalo vinaka lease 2 4 2 1 FIJIAN A i ka rda ni soni (Who? Equat onal sentences1Attrlbuti. on) I. . Dialogue to be memorized. John: 0 cei oy? Who's that? Rusi: 0 Pita. It's Peter. ohn: E kai2 Viti0 IsAic Fiji koya? Rusi: Io. E gone3 ni Yes. He's from Vanua Levu. Vanua Levu. John: A cava nanona Wha his ork? cakacaka? Rusi: E qase ni vuli. He's :a teacher. John:'nE koro nI vuli Which school? cava? Rusi: Queen Vic oria Queen VictorIa School. School. John: E koro ni vuli Is it,a good schdol? vinaka? Io. E dua na Yes. It'sa good school... koro ni vuli vinaka. 1.- The phrases iii theequatIonal sent ncescan be _Arked Cocei)'(oya) (a: cavd) (nanona cakacaka) (e kai Viti) (o koya) 2. Kai refers toan inhabitant of a place. Once used only for males, it can now beu ed for femalesalso. 3 The literal meaning-ofgone is 'child'. 23 2.2 II. Repeti ion. na tUraga oya? Who'sthat chief. na marama oya? Who'sthat lady? O cei o koya? Who'sbe? 0 cpi oya? Wholsthat .dis ant)? O cei oq3? Who'sthis? O eel ociori? _Who's that -(by a-dre ee). O cei o i a? Who are they (plural O cei na yacamunI? What'S your mple substitution. Cue Sentence ER11.= O cei oq6? oq5 O cei oqö? o koya O cei o koya? na tUra a na marama -na yacamunT na qase ni vuli na yacana - IV. RepetitiOn, Na koro ni vull cava? Which-sehool? Na.mikete cava? WhAch'market? .Na leeoni cava? Which lesson? Na korocava? Which Villa -e? Na,tUraga eava? Which Chief? Na marama cava? -Which lady?' V. Simple substi ution. Pattern: Na koro ni,vul_ caVa? Cue Sentence E!1:12= No koro ni vuli cava? kor0 ni vull Na,koro ni vuli_cava? 2.3 makete. 9 lEsoni koro taraga marama tamata yalewa tagane gone ,cakacnka VI. Repetftion. E dua na gone. A child. E dua na cauravou. 'A youth. E dua na vale. A hous.e. E dua na (lase. 'An old person. E dua na (lase ni vuli. A teacher. E dua.na koro. A.village. E dua na koro ni vuli. A school'. E .dua na niu. A coconut. E dua'na .61 ni niU. A coconut E dua na vu ni kau. A tree. ViIa. SImple substitutIon. Cue Sentence pattern E dua na gaselni_vuli o ko-- -; matai 'E.dua na matai o koya. tBraga E dua na.tUraga o koyn. dau teitei E dua na dau teite-1 kai Viti 9 kai Merika kai mua bull 'tamata vinaka cauravou (lase . VIIb. 'Cue Sentehce p_ttern Na koro cava? koro ni vpli Na koro ni vuli cava? gaze Na gaze cava? clase nivuli Na (lase ni vuli cava? 2 7 2,11 gone - :gone vuli vale eauraveu yalewa tagane. VIII. Simple subs Cue ence pAtteED na kai Viti o koya. o Pita , dua na : Viti o Pita. o E,dua na kai Viti o koya. oiau -)Edua na kai Viti o iko ,na tamat6, OQ Z, ha eauravou oqb na yal.eWa oqo . na tUraga oyM. na gone vuli ocj na qase ni vuli oq0 IX. -Repetition. Repeat the above sen ences after the model, whichnow has question intonation. X. Question and ansv The followingquestions themselvesserve as a modLI for the answer.- Only io-'yes'need be added, and theintona- tion thanged.from EiTicstionto statement. The word order remains-the same. - Question Answe E dua na gone vulio koya? Io, e dua nagpne vull o keya. mataisau tiiraga kai mua kai Viti:; gone vull . qase ni vuli eauravou marama dau teitei tamata vinaka 8 ,puli 2.5 XI. Repetlition. Natiaraga levu The big chief Nat5raga vinaka The good chief Navalesvinaka The good house Navale levu .5 Thebighouse Navale lailai The small house, the e Nakoro lailai Tho small village Nakoro levu The big village Navale batabata The cool.house Navale balayu The,long -house, Navale tabu-' The. church (lit. XII.. SimDle Pattern: E dua na valevinaka Cue Sentenoe pattern E dug na vale vinaka. ta -E dua na vale levu E dua na vale levu. lailai Amtaka_a batabat tabu balavu tTiraga, XIII. Variable slot drill. One or the=other of the underlined wordsin the model may be replaced by the cue. Cue Sentence E dua na tamata Vinaka. Ca dua ha tamata'ca. koro E chra n akoro yalewa mãtai gone -lallai vale _batabata 1..-11R1e- tabu is the patholioterm for eh: ch building. The geiieyahs use. vale_ni 1otu. 2 9 2.6 draki vinaka ea bull balavu vu ni niu XIV. Question and answe Pattern: A cava oqö? /ha 's ths Cue (11 h pi-cturos) Re onse -17171 nI niu cieTd na vti ni ni vale Oclori na vale. vale lailai Oqorlna vale lai -1. 'vale tabu yalewa tagane gone koro -mataisau gone dau dau teitei )"%f. Vocabulary balavu long, tall batabata cold, coolness bull- administrative offlcal ca bad, evil, ruin cauravou youth dau . expert dau teitei farmer draki weather dua blle; preceding nouns it bece n.indefinIte article as e dua V. na,tamata ''a man' gone child gene dau fisherman gone vuli A student ike 2nd person singular ira 3rd person plurAl ka. As i ka prefix ferming ordinal . ruirTirals from cardinals; ka rua 'second' ka inhabitant of kalmua sailer katakata -hot, feverish kau wood- stick, tree 3 0 2,7 kbro ni vuli koya a school lanai 3rd personsingular levu small matai big, r,reat,large mataisau ,sMart, expert,skilled;carpen Merika carpenter mua America. Also Aterika -na as in kal_mua niu 3rd pen Zngular oc13 coconut oqori here, this -(bythe speaker) (lase there, that (bythe addressee) (lase ni vuli old person rua teacher tabu two tagane aecyed orbidden tamata male tpitei, i person vale tabu farm, arden plo Vanua Levu church buIldIng. aecOnd largest-islad in the Viti Fiji Group vu Fiji vuli root, source ni kau learn, vtl ni niu tree, yalewa coconut tree wamen 2, 1 3 1 A ::_ ka tolu ni 16soni (Comment-tvici Wh(,re?: LocEJ.ve s; Review equational srntenc Question into I. Dia -gue to bemenorId. A: A cave a cakava What 's he dein o :oya? E cakacaka,tiko. E cakacakc tiko e vei? E cakacaka tikomel He's Suva. Suva. E .i_vu nanona Lots _f w cakacaka? B: lo E levu dina. Yes. Heally lots. A: S5 ded&na.nona Has he wrked cakaeaka e kea? there long. B: I°. Si toluna three years. 1. The comment partof a'ae to It is SiErfc(iTiTo w1,-%t is happenin the predicato The Lp_pie sta-es the doer of' theaction or the subj&cL of the comment. Note that in English thatthe topic is mentio something is said about ed- first, andthen_ it. In Fijian, theorder for sentence types isrevrirsqd. mar-Ay Notice that In tne second, third-, andfourth lines in the dia3oguee thetcpic'(which could omitted. be 0 koya AneT)is This is normalconversti.onal stYle; were restated in each if the topic sent3nco, the stylewould oe stilted. The drills, whichdo not , tempt to beconversational, 0 include both thecommentEind the topic, 2. T!,.ko, whichmeans literally the verb to Andicate stay', is usedafter a p-x)grossi or habitual action. 3_ In many- sentences,se.- and e. ae interchangeable times, Sa is At more emphatfc thanc. Attempts to exp ain -_the differencemore explicitly have Imitate the model. usually failed. 3 2 3. 2 II. RepetitIon dr1Y. cakacaka til _ He rking. moce tiko_ o Rus . Rusi1s s1coping 0moku s_ o i110. You're wasting time. dabe tlko na qc The old man is sittingdown. cici tiko nagone. The child is. running. dci tiko o He running. vosa tiko o Jane John talking. laga sore tiko o More. Mary . singing. cialo tiko o RusA . Rusi swimming. goli tike a koya. He's fihing. -ubstitutlon. Cue . Sentence_ -oak& tiko o koya. iako E lako tiko o koya. Rana E kana tikoo koya. laga sere moce gale gen moku siga yobs a gito tu cake dabe eici gale vaka-cegU Sentence E dua2 nagone. rua E rua ha gone. tolu E telu na gone.. [The ins uctor cent nues the drillWith numbersup to ten.] 1. Moku silra means literally'kill the day ' 2.. Numeral. fit into the same slotas the verbs In the previous drills. Eruu na .gone means literally'are two the children' ; an idiomatic tvanslation is'two children' 'or 'there are two children 33 IV. Q 5tion and anL-,wer. With pi Sample Q: A cava aj? e dua na rone. Q: A cava e cakava lAka? A: E cabct1koa k Other ve.rbs thatcan be alctured . mace kana puny taubale cici .laga qoli siwa (-Tito b. 1,..Tith objec P. eava ocla A: Oco_-i,:na pent.- Other ob -cts vola sote tarauses- i vava vinivb Repetitaon. E levu na vale1 The house is big.(or, There are a_lot Of houses. vinaka na vale. The house iS'good. 1. Note tha_ ese 'adjectives fit intothe_ saale pattern'as lierbs. Thus there isno structural difference .Sa kama na vale between: 'The-house as burning and Sa levu-na vale'The house is big.' 3 4 3.11 vinaka na waga . rThecanoe is Good. , lanai na Thecanoe is .small. laliai na motoka. Thecar is small. Ecd na motokR. Thecar is bad. cAna moto. Thespoar is bad. balavu na mote. Thespear is long. balavu na gaunisala. Theroad Is long, vinaka na gaunisala. Theroad Is good. lovu na vanUa. Theplace is big. vinaka na vanua. Theland is good. VI. Simpl, substitution. Cue Sentence SE na vale. lailaI Sd lailai na vale. batabatE SE batabatdna vale. katakata sa katakata na Vale. vinaka makawa -galala lekaleka tabu VII. Varlab e -lot. Cue Sentence SE levu na vale. vinaka S. vinaka na vale._ motokd S5 Vinaka na motok5. eR SR CR na motokd. waqa Sd cã na waa. .kamp sa kama na 'A:dtblo Sd totold na wage. bogi S5 totolo na bogi; batabatd Sd_batabatd na bogi. kEkana sa batabatd na kakana. levu sa levuna kRkana,,. uoa 85 levu.na uCa. -alga sa siga na uca. vanua S5 siga na Vanua. buti5 sa buto na vanua. VIII. QestIon and answer. 3;5 Qu- tion Answer_ SA levu na uca? Io, ga levuna uca. sa vinakana vale Io, si Ninaka .sa balavu na vale. na gaunisa_a? # sa bula vinakana tUraga? Si kelena moto1c5? sa lailainauca? Si.batabati naval-? Si sokona waqa? Si gata na mote? sa yawana yanuyanu? sa levUna koro?, sa vinaka na kikana: Si vinakana vale ni kana? Si vinakanavalet ni yagona? Si Vinaka na vale ni yagona niViti. Si ievu na'ika?. IX. iven the cue, which may be'eithertopic or,comment, eons uct a sentenceon the above model Cue Possible relp_ars1R ika Si levu na ika. E tolu na ika. vinaka Si,vinaka na ika. levu ,balavu -batabati koro vale' waqa uca vale ni kana X. .Repetifion. E lako kina mikc o koya. E tiko Mai Suva.4- E lako mai Merikao,Pita. -E cakacaka tiIomai Viti o:koya. E. lake kina vale ni kanao Rusi. 1. Place .naTes take no additional markerwhen used with the directionals. Thus: ki na mikete ki Suva 3 6 3.6 tiko mai Vanua Levuo Mere. E lako ki na motoka o Sala, E lako ki na waqa na tUraga oc-15. E eakacaka tiko mai, na koro ni v-1 ta'arwna oq3. XI. Simple substituA on. Cue Sentence E lako kl Suvao koya. Lautoka E lako ki Lautokao koya. na bose E lako ki na bose o koya. na waqa na motok4 na bose. -na valeniyagona na valenikana: na valenikuro na koro- _na koro nivuli Vanua Levu na sitoa..--- na-yanuyanu Tamavua XII. Que-tion and cr. Ques-ion: E lako ki vei o koya? Cue Answer na makete E lako ki na maketeo koya. .Suva- E lako ki Suva o k6ya. Lautoka na bose na wkla na vale ni kana na vale ni kuro na vale ni yaciona na vale ni yagena ru vavRiagis na koro na koto ni vuli 'Vanua LevU na sitoa :.TamaVua na yanuyanu'_ 3 7 3.7 XIII.. Simple subs titution. Cur IC Era lako mat .Launa gone vuli. Era gone r1 Lau. Vat)0,,oula Era lako mai Vat koulana g-ne vuli. Era gone ni Vatukoula. Nac_ f BR 'Sicatoka Navua Tavua Labasa Savusavu Lakeba XIV. Q A- 'ion and answer. Cue Sentence_ Era lako mai vei na A talatala? Era lako mai Lakeba. ZLI a vu Era lako mai vei na-i tal- ala. Era lako mai Savusavu. Labasa Sbmosomo Lami Wainibuka Korolevu Sigatoka Lomaiviti Yasawa XV. RepetItion. E tiko mai Lakeba o-koya. Era tiko mai Korolevu na yalewa. 'E cakacaka tiko e Hawaiio Samu4', E Vulf tiko e Hawaii o koya,. I. Mai is used with place- away from tli- . der. 'Thus, someone in Suva would us0 mat .ri1fl sayin6u one is from Nadi. But if he said someonewas from. Suva or FIjI, he would- tise e. -- _ 38 3.8 XVI. SubstItution. Use mai or e, depending on the location of the spea er and of tho cue. Cue Sen'ente E tiko c Hawaii o kaya. Suva E tiko mai Suva o koya. Merika E tiko.e Merika-o koya. LMoloka'i Hilo Lautoka Hamakua Tavua Rakiraki' YasaWa Lau Lomaiviti XVII. Vocabular bogi night bose meeting dark' caka-va caka 'do, make, wo trans. takava cidi run dabe sit ded6 long (time) .dina true, genuine, since e, worthy -era_ -3rd person plural gade walk, stroll, gp for pleasure galala empty gata. -sharp gaunisala path, track, rbad ika fish -kakana - food kama burn kea, keya,-...- there kele , arrive, come t- a stop laga sere sing lekaleka short _ mai preposition or place or "movement makawa oid mOku hit,-usually with a stick moku siga kill time or pass time' moto spear motoka motor car (Englj peni-, pen, penny (Engl. gale, swim . 3.9 play fish with ne_ day, stop raining, d-ylight, sunny sitoa _tore (Engl.) siwa line fishing soko sail 4 sote shirt (Engl.) taiatala, minister , tarausese trousers (Engl,.). taubale walkl str011 tiko a sign of continuation, progress). or habituai-action tlko pit, remain, be in a place tolu three totolo fast, Cluick cake tand up; ta. -e at a.place' cake -'upT- uca rain vaka-c gu rest,-mtire vale ni kana eating hOuse, restaurant cafe :vale ni kUro kitchentcooking house vale ni yagona ,yagona drinking house vanua land, place shoe, sandal vavUlagi Caucasian. Also vAlagi viniv5 dress (Engl pinafprer vola letter, book waqa boat yabaki year yanuyanu island vaqona kava yawa distant, distance _ Place na-es Korolevu Labasa Lakeba Lami L'au Lautoka Lomaiviti Nadi Nausori Navua Rakiraki Savusavu Sigatokg Suva . 4 0 Somosomo 3 10 Tamavua. Tavua Vat ukoula Waini0 uk a Yas aw a 4.1 FIJ_ AN A :1ica vni lsoni (Time expresi %ft:, and future negativer via) I. Dialogue to be memorie/. d. A: E veio MO An Wher,'s o? Iwant. to e vial ralcikoya. E a lake' ki _Jami o He went to Lam . keya. E.a lako c -.Wben did he go? 8na mataka ego. This morning. E a sega ni lake He didn't g0 yesterday? e nanoa? E dai_ , No- tedy. E n6 lesii tale mai When will he comeBack?. -p- naioa? E na nqtca ni, Tomorrow m -ning. mat6.,a. II. Repet tion. E a lake enanea. E a lake e na mataka E a lake .e ncr.vulao MU. E a lake -6 na si.ga M5nit1 . ha lake e na siga E na lesu tale maini mataka. E na lesu tale maiena vula 0Ti-seba. E na lesu tale maie na bogi. E na le&u tale maie .na yakavi. E a lesu tale maie' nanea t; a lesu tale .mai e na mataka. r1 via'want 0 owed only by verbs . T us Au via Waifeto e)', Au via_gunu 'I'mthirsty I want te Il a newt' is uthed as the -objectsof 'want' vinakata is viAakata na k on5 'I want this' ( 4 11.2 2. Note the difference in theanswers to negative ques ions in:English and Fijian: ',-ENGLISH: -Didnst he go? No, he didn't. FIJIAN: .E a sega ni lako? Io (yes), e a segalli lake.. .The English answer is to the'sense'of the question; the Fijian-answer is to .theconstruction of the question. Ia. Substitutiorr. -Cue Sentence E na lesu-tale mai ni mataka. _ e_na vula o Me E na lesu tale.maie na vula,o -e,na vula o Januerl E na lesu tale male na vula o Janueri. e na vula o Maj . e namataka ni mataka e n4 bogi e ,na.bogi ni mataka e na yakavi -e na yekavi ni mataka .e daidai e na yakaVi e daldai e na mataka e na mataka e daidai Mb. E na vula 0 Januer , niti' E na (Aga nniti. Januar- Feperueri., Vakarauwai [continue with mon hsanç days] IIIc. Depending on the cue, ohoose.theapprop- a e tense marker, a or na. E a lako e.nanoa. EhiTa lako nr-FilTaka. ,ni mataka E na lako ni mataka..- e nanoa E a lako.e nanoa. e daidai E.a lako e daidai./Ena lake daidai. e na \Tula o June E a lako e na vulao JunQ,./ E na lako e na vulao June. e na m4taka'ni mataka E na lako-e na mataka nimataka. , / e na bog& ni mataka E na lake e na begi nt'ma ka. e na tolu na kaleke a lako e na tolu na/kaleko:/, E na lako,ena toilu na kaleke. e na mataka e lea a lake c na mataka e na yakavi c e nanoaC _ nia a,lako e na yak vie nana.o na yakavi.ni matnki . e na bouj na lake e na y kavi nimataka: a lake e na b, ./E na lako e na bogi. / IV. Repetition. Au via lake- mataka. AU via mace. Au via kana. E via grm.o k6ya. O via mate2 O via laki-siwa. O 'via g75c16? O via aka-jcegu? O via rrilki; y. Subst1fut,ion. Cue ,Sentence 0 via lakee na bog-_ lesu t le mai O via lesu tale gunu mai e na- beg_ O via gunue'na bogi? gunu bia O via gunu bia taralala e na begi? danlsi . . gaa lake ki na vale niyariona lake ki sara yaloyalo mace e ce kana lake ki kana VI. Variable slot. Cue Senten'ce E a via moce mai Tavua nanea o Samu. ! * The w;toriEA indlcal;e1 CO or a pattern in which new vocabulary, o \ lessen, mIght beuse 414 LI'. iko E a via tiko mai Tavua e nanoa o Samu. lako E a via jako mai Tavua e nanoa o Samu.- ki E a via lake ki Tavua e nanoa o Samu. Peni E a via lako ki Tavua e nanoa o Peni. taubale E a via taubale ki TavUa.e nanoa 0 Peni. mai E a via taubale mai Tavua,e nanoa o Peni cakacaka E a via cakacaka mai Tavua e nanoa o Peni. e na bogi E a via cakacaka mai Tavua e na bogi moce E a via mace mai Tavua e na bogi-o Peni. na tUrao. E a via,moce mai.Tavua e -na bogi na tUraga. Nausori E a via moce mai NaUsori e na bogi na tUraga. lesu tale E a-via lesu tale mai Nausori e na bogi na tUraga. e na yakavi E a via lesu tale mai Nausori e na yakavi na triraga. e na. mataka E a via lesu tale mai Nausori e na mataka.ha tUraga. na Bull E a via lesu tale mai Nausori e na mataka na bull. . na mata ni vanua E a via lesu tale mai Nausori e na mataka_na mata hi vanua.. VII. Question and a or. Questions: E a lako e na sga .cava? E na lako p na siga cava? Cue Answer hi mataka E na lako ni mataka. e na mataka E a/na lake 6 na mataka. e na sigalevu . . e nt yakavi e na bogi e nanoa e na mricawa sRotl e na vula sA ot e na yabakisE oti na.mRcawa mai muri e na vula mai ocia e na yabaki.mai oc15 45 e na micawa mai oci5 4,5 VIII. Repetition. Auna sega ni in'ki si ii pmtal E a scgni lakn e na vula na sega ru les (7 na stga Mbniti. E na sega.n_ lnsu taie maie na 'vula o Tiseba. E a scnnI lest/ maic E na sca ani'A, Suva o na yakavi.. sa na_sega-ni'tara valo nt mataka. E sega ni macala-e na'slgalevunikua. E na sega ni lalki.Suva ci na,mTreawamal OciTi.- E a sega na gird5-e n loflia nf vula rua sa oti. IX. cLL ea the -fellow.J. g -entenees. Au na siwa ni matai. E a lako e na vula-o E na lesu tale mai o ,141 E na lesu- tale .mai ena vula o Tlsoba. E a lesu mai e na bogi. F na la'ki Suva e na yalcavi. E sa na tara vale ni, mataka, . E na macala e na sigaleVunUua E na lalki Suva e na mdeawamai oei. -E a gtide7 e na loma ni vularua sl oti. Xa. E;:picn drf11. Cue Sentence AU via kana. seEa r Au .,ega.ni via kana. vaka-lev Au saga ni via kana vaka-levu. Au a,sega ni via kana vaka-levu. e ha mat Au a. sega ni via kana vaka-levu e ha mataka. lailai' Au a Sega ni via kana vaka-levu- e na mataka lailai. nanoa Au a sega ni via kana vaka-levu e na mataka lailai e nanoa. E soko. e r E soko e na waga. na E na soko e na maga. Nu E na soko e na waqa kl Mukul., ; E na soko e na waqa ki Nukui e na yakavi.. A.6 , ) ni mataka E na soko e na waqa ki .Nukui p: na Yakavi ni mataka. sega E na sega ni soko ena waqatki Nukui e na yakavi ni mat,aka. Xc. o. via a serra ni ki na vale e na bogi na Si a TiMiti XI. Repetit on. Au via gunu. I want to drink. Au vinakata na wai ni I want lemon juice. Au via kana. I want to eat. Au vinakata na kaka a. I want food. b Via mate?' Do you want to die?' O yinOcata iia maLu? Do you want death? (t) via ;s- waY Do you want' to -fish? 0 vinakata nasiwa?1 Do you like fishing? 1 XII. 1Sub- Use either via_ or v Cue Sentence Au via alnu wai ni moll. na k416.na Auvinakata na kakana. sisili Auvia sisili. Slwa AUvia siwa. n,1 wa ni 1wa Auvinakata na wit ni. yacionc. Auvintkata na yaciona. moce' Auvia moce. dau sAwa' more often asked. 4 7 na i-mocemoce . Au vinakata na I mocemoce. vakatotelo' Au via. vaka-totolo. na totolo. . .11u vinakata-na totelo. na savasa Au vinakata na savaDava. XIII. Supplementary dialogue.. A: , dua na kflonT Do you want any hing? vinakata? Io, au via raica na I d like to see the D.O. D.O. : A: koy ni tiko jieLs not in. 'qb. -B: E tiko beka mai -vei Where Is he? A: E tiko mai Nunidawa. He's in .1Tunidawa. .B: 0 kila na gauna e na Do you know, when he is going lesu mai kina? to be back? Spga, au sega ni I 'don't know. .kila. sayinaka, au na qai Very Well, I'll be back and mai rai tale e .na . check on Friday. siga VakarauW,Ika. - the short fOrIII of min. 48. XIV.V .abulary. R past tense marker bia beer_ (Engl.) .daldal today. '.dn1 .dance (Engl.) D.O. bistrict Officer (En ,Feperuori February.(Eng1;) -gauna -time .gunu . drink Janueri January (Engl.) June June -(Engl.). kR thing kaloko clock (Engl.) kE, e.lc here, this plade -kina there, there loy, there with., there froM lesu return .loma center, middle, inside mReawa. week , . Maji -March (Engl.) Also Mati_ mata _ face, eye. mataka, na mataka morning . mataka, ni mataka tomorrow mate . ,disease, die ME May (Engl.) MoceMoce, I sleeping place, a,bed moll. Citrus . MEniti Monday (Engl.) . muri-a muri. Ef011ow'; trans. muria;. e:muri 'behind, later'., 'ki muri'to the rear', mai Muri 'at or from the rear afterwards' na , future tense marker naica time, when nanoa yesterday Ilikua today Nukui village on the Rewa De_ a oti finish, after gal now, then, so, just rai-ca rai 'sight, vi ion, see, understandl; trans. rai_a sara watch savasavR clean sigalevu midday, noon sisili bathe tara build taraialR a.kind of moke danced with both partners EZIding arms and facing the front, stepping alone, with a fast beat. 4 9 14. 9 trans. taralalataka 'dame with someone in airs fashiont. Tiseba comber ngi ) Vasite sday (Erij1 va fo Vakaraubuka Vakarauwai Satu via want vinakata want, ice vula month, n.ori Vunidawa adininiti 3tIVe stationfor,the .Proince, of Naitasiri wa ni. slwa fIshing li . wai water yakiivi .eVerall yaloya o a reflectip9 ya1_pza10 0 'the image o portrait of.... '!a_l_p_sj_g11._Lya.1 -alo 'the -pictu e 1 own' 50 FIJ AN A i ka linia niJEs (Alienable 'possession,-ni, attributin) 1. Xdalog e to be memorized. 0 raica na'noqu Have you seen sele? ray knife? A. ni raica. I'haven't Seen it. Na I sole nei ceie Who e kntre isWill _AI taura t ko o Viliame B: Oya na nona. Na That's his. Your kni noMuni I solee different. duatani. A: Auld1R.-E kä You I know'. duadua. the only newone., 1.- Fijian hada more deta led:systea of (genitives ) than possess ves does English. As .anexample, 'ay'can be transia ed infour ways, depending The follow upon what is possessed. ng diagram shows theoutline of the ystem:. Posse on Alienable In allen able ke- (for edibles andcertain Suffixed forms innate qualities) ] for drinkables) 12.911x_nAllE kin-terms (for other items) The membership ofsome words will come .to speakers of as a surprise English. Tavako. 'tobacco'is classed a an edible, moll 'citrus -as-adrinkable. In genera_ meñibership ofa particular word to one class is fairly rigid. But,there is some cutting across classes. Dalo 'taro' is, as one would expect, i . the edible class.'--U71.7aif-one is speaking ofdalp strictly 6s a marketable prodUtt, he.uses the-Fi5=possessive. For the languagelearner,the whole li-ke a gender -yetem systemHoperates and should be treatedas such. Thus, 5.2 as in German or,.Frenph, nouns-have to be__learned.with the . marker of'gender. Fortunately, the class'to which-anoun belongs is much easier to.predietin Fijian than in German or French. 4 Sega ni lake kina noda bose. E ,a lako ki.na nona E sa yali na nomun I sele?-' jE vei beka na nedra I teitei? Nomu lako--aU na rarawa kinal OSta na nodaru I tag. vei bcka na nomu tnoa, dina na-nona kolY. :Si totolo dinana noda waqa. E sega ni.-gata na noqu i.sole. Simple substItution. Cue Sen -ence 0q6 na nona vale ntkana. noqu 0(15 na noqu vale ni kana. nomu 0q5 na nomi vale ni kana. nomuni .nodra nodaru noda noqu nona nodra tion and ans er. Drill leader points toone, two, three or more of the class 'and .asks, Nei cei? C4e. Answer (poInts to himself Na nomunr. (points to student reciting) Na noqu. (poInts to another student) Na nona. [etc. 5..3 'Repetition. 00 na nOqu vale.* Thisismy house! Oq na noqu waqa. Thisismy-canoe. 00 ,na, nomu motolza. Thisisyour -00 na nomukoro. This is yourv lage. Ociori,na.nomu peni. -That's your pen._ OVA na nomuyanuyanu. That's your island. Oqn'na-nodarti vale. This is our house. 00:na npdaru koro. This is our village. Oya na nodra koro. That's their village. Oya na nodra yanuyau. That's their island. iAble slot. Cue t Sentence 0q6 nanalavale. noqU 0(16 na noquvale. koro' 0q3 n4 noqukoro. vale ni kana ()go' nanoquvale ni kana.. nomu 0q3 .na nomu oya4 vale ni kana. Oya na nomuvale ni kana. vale la lai Oya na nOmuvale lailai. nona Oclori.na nomuyale lailai. Oqori na nona vale.lailai. kuro Oqori na nona kuro. vale ni kuro Oqori na nena vale nikuro. Repetiti n drill.' Sa kana vinaRL dinana His taro is really kena dalo. good food! 00 na kequ tavioka. Ths.Is my manioe. E levu na kena"Uvi. He has a lot APfyams. E balavu na kemuni ika. Tour (pl!),P1sh -islong. Oya na kena tavako. Those ar'e 114.s:cigarettes. vakarau na kemu Yoar tooTis ready. _kakana., by, otina ké'qu I'm ollt of eigarottes.:. VIII. Cue Sentence sn levu na kemu tavako. kemu -Sa levu na kemutavako. kemunl: Sa levu na kemunTtavako., 5.4 keirau. -keitou kena . keda kedra 'Var able slotdrill !ence 0qP na kena .da lena Qqp na kena -tavioka Qqb pa kena tavioka. oqori Oqori na kena ta:0.0-ca. .k.equ Oqori na kequ tavioka. madrai Ogori na kequ madrai. oya Oya,na kequmadrat. kemu Oyg'na kemu madrai. uvi Qyg na-kemu. uvi keMudrau Oyd na kemudrau uvi. oqa Oqb na kemudrau uvi. c'TX Repotition. sa -unu vinaka dina-na his yagona really tastesnice. na yagona. Oq na mequ maxi°. Jfhis is my mango. sa ..ilai na memanr bia. 'Your beer is almostemp .sa 1 vu'na-menarourou. He has a lot ofrourou. 'Oyi r, memu meleni. That is.your melon. , Si_ maca a mequ wai. My water is .empty,,_ Sa katakata na memu a ,YOur watex'is hot. , , XL SubstItutIon. Cue lailai na -U yaciona. meqU sa lailai na m yaqona. :men Sg lailai na men Yaqona. memUni{ meirau meda memudou 5.5 XII. Variable slo. run . . I i 6(2 .11a WOO U.V it(1011z,, 0(46 nufileu yaciona. 0q6 pa mequ,mcloni. Ov5, na megpmolenL OyTi na menu mcleni. 0y5 na menadovu. mona wai nigunu. 0y5, na modrauwal ni gunu. oa mcdPau wai nigunu. Ogori na medrau wai nA:moll. XIII. Sub.btitu'l_n. Ube thu posbes81ve the cuc.-. fnrm re__uired by CU? Sentence OCre rIETt kesla bla Oc-1 nave-1u dia. vuaka. Oqi mago na keq0 %!.1.aka. ika niu -; tavako yabona rouruu tUraGa waqa uvi vivill kUkana yanuyanu XIV. Fiepeititir):). Na hcciu fla, memu Na nona vait:Jou- 14a kedrau ikatuvuteke. Na memudrau,c,-)uvpu Na nodrau1,11J.ap:a cia Na kon3 ul.r1 vi -Na medaru ;la nomu pcnI kau. Nanodaru. totc):-Jr.? 53 5.6 Na kcclrau kdkana dina. Na mequ maqo dreu. Na medrau meleni kamikamca. Na noqu yanuyanu Na,kemudrau vuaka vavi. XVa. SubstItution. Cue Sent nee E dua na vale 1vu lailai :E dua na vale lailai oyd. iOnaka E dua nu vale viriaka cd oya,. . . batabata . magosa XVb Cue ence 0(45 e dUa namaqo kanikwnica. dovu 067, e dua na dovu weleti kamlkamica. mago XV e. Cue ntence na tavako vinaka. vale 0q5,'na vale vinaka. kdkana OqB, na kakana vinaka. meleni vanUa yanuyanu ika tUraga maqo niu Taro,cassava, etc. eaten w_h tfish, meat 5 5.7 XVI. xp _r Cue a. vuaLa na vuaka kemu na kemu V12EJ.lca. vav1 na kemuvuaka vav4 ogorl Nor1 na kemu vuaka vavi na dalo, - .na kequ dalo vinak na kequ dalo vinaka 00:6 oq5 na kequ dalo vinaka na ika kena na kena ika vinaka na kena ika vinaka oya ova na keirika vinaka pen1 na pen1 nomu na no= peni kau -na nomu pen1 kau balavu na nomu peni kau balavu Oqor CqOrJ na nomu peni kau balavu C. yanuyanu na yanuyanu ndna na nona yanuyanu nuku vula nanona vanvyanu nuku vula ova oya na nool yar.vynu nuku vula f. via! na wal mena na mena wai batabat'l& na mena wal batabatA Nori ogorl na mena wai batabata rourou na rOurou memudrau na memudrau rourou na me:mudrau rourou vaka-lolo oq6 oqB na memudrau rourou vaka-lolo maqo na maqo -medrau na medrau maqo. J. u na medrau maqo 000rl oqorina medrau i stimaqo 5.8 XVII.. Suppiemuntarydialogue. A: laic) vinaka, e rawa Please, can you hep -? ni o vukoi au? Io, na cava norriu Yes. Whatts your problem? A: E rawa beka.ni o Can you showme the post vaka-raitaka v1 au office? na positavesi? Na,positovesi_na vale The post -77Tice is thatwhite vulavula oy, Ia au building, but I think it nanuma ni a sa sogo closed at threc . e na tolu. A: 0i, au sa na gal lako Oh, go there tomorrow- kina ni mataka. then. Thank you very much. Vinaka vaka-lovu. 5.9 XVIII. Vocabulary, -Lick .a coconut fordrinking dalo 1st po's.puralinclusive -laru taro dovu 1st person dal inclusive sugar cane (Irau' 3rd.person plural duadua ripe only, alone; na ika levuduadua duatani : 'the biggesfrET--- -irau different. -itou 1st persondual exclusive kamikaMic 1st persontrial exclusive koli sweet kuro dog lega pot too shOrt for, distressed;as lima n., danger,trouble maca five madrai empty (of water)-dty maqo bread magos'a mango (Engl.) careful, clever,diligent, matua skilled meleni mature, ripe 7mu melon (Engl.) -mudou 2nd personsingular -mudrau 2nd persontrill Also dou nanuma 2nd persondual nei think nuku of, belongingto sand postovesi. rarawa post office(Engl.) rawa unhappiness, pain,suffering rourou able, pooe'ible,done sele, taro leaf sogo knife close (an.opening) coconut leaf basket forcarry- ng tanoa goods wooden bowlfor preparing tau, V-qol taura friend tavako hold with thehand 'tavioka tabacco, cigarettes(Engl.) tavuteke cassava, manioc,tapioca (Engl.) Uvi fry yam vaka-lolo vaka-raitaka prepared :.11coconut milk vdka-rau show ready, prepared 5 9 5.10 vavi cooked in earthoven vivili , sen-:Thellc Vou_.. new vuaka vuke-a_ vuke. 'help'; trans. Vukea vula, vilava7IJJ whilte., vula is usedas adjective in compoun-., .weleti papaya yall , lost a 6 0 6.1 A i kaono nilsoni (Inalienable posse transitIve verb I. pialogue to bememorized. A: 0 cel oyt Who that, 0 koya na vugoqu. He's my nephew. Na yacana o Samu. A: Na cava e mai What did he cakava7 come to'do? B: E mai Jakovana He e -e after nona waqa. his boat, A; E na sokotaka nikua? Will he sa 1 i- today? B: Sega, baleta ni sa No becausehis arm is still mavoa tiko vakalevu badly injured. na ligana. A: E mavoa vaka-cava? How hurt? B: E a taya ena nona Ho Cut it with sele. his knife. E eakacaka tikoe Where does he vei? w -k? B: E dau He is a farmer. A: Na cava sbe tea? What does he Plant? B: Sega, e qarava.tiko No, he looksafter thefamlly na nodratou ba ni cattle farm. loulumakau. 1. In the dialogue, yugoqu, .ligana, andtamana are examples of words for kinterms and body parts tharTikFa different form of possessionthan the examples These forms in the previouslesson. are suffixed to thebase,,eausing the stress to be.shifted. For example, . Note the similarity tama.'father'; tamaall'my father'. in form to theother possessive: E12111, -au; nomu, -Mu;Rona, -na; etc. 131 6 2 RepetlVion. O koya na tamaqu. E vei na tinamu? O cei.na yacana? Za bulabula vinakana tinamu? E a laka ki na maketena,tacina. ,sa cudru vaka-levu na watiqu. sa cakacaka tiko"na tinaqu e nona vae ni kuro. Oqö na tinaikeirau. Oya na tInadra. E tauvi mate vaka-lailaina buqu. Au a sega ni raid_taciqu. Ilia. Simple subs Cue Sentence S. bulabula vinakana tamaqu. tinaqu S. bulabula vinakana tinaqu. luvequ SR bulabula vinaka tamaqu lailai na lUvequ; Sd bulabula vinakana tamaqu lailai. luvequ yalewa tamana watiqu watimu watin tinai Jone luvei Sakiasi tamai Jone wati i Sakiasi Cue Sen ence -na p1uq11. mataqu 0415, na mataqu._. daligaqu ucuqu gusuqu ligaqu 1. The possessive with -1 isused, for thewords hat will take'the suffixed possessives. 6 2 6.3 ketequ. yavaqu drau ni uluqu batiqu matai Jone daligai Jone Cue Sente: e Sa mosi na Uluqu. mata Sa mosi nam daliga ucu gusu liga kete yava bati matai Jon° IV. Question and answer. Instru tor points to and asks what it is. body part Student replie5. Question Answer A cava oq6? Qqori, na ulumuni) A cava ociori? 0q6, na ligaqu. etc. By using other classmembers, the instructo-can elicit most of-the .forms. V. Simple substitutIon. Cue Sentence Oya na gone yalewa SR tauvi mate oloya..- Sam si na uluna. mata . Si m si na matana. daliga Si mosi na daligana. ucu' gusu liga Rete yava bati matai Jone 6 VI. Repetition.1 sa kana tikona tacina. SE kania na daloo koya SR gunu tiko na tamamu. S. gunuva na biao koya. E 4 tara vale tiko mai Tiao koyas ,E tar4 na vale o koya.' sa rai vinaka talena matana. Au s4 raica na nona vale. VII. Repeti ion. E kana. E a kania. E a kania na dalo. E A kania na dalo nikua. E a kania na dalo nikuamal Nad 2. E lako. E R lakova. E lakova na ika. E a lakova'na ikae na siga M5ni' E.R lakova na-ikae na siga MönitI ki na mRkete. E .i tara. E R tarn na vale. E R tara na vale e na yabakisa oti. E a tar:71 na va2c -e na yabakisa oti mai na koro. E R siya. a siwata. E R siwata na ika. 2 siwata na ika e na bogi. E a aiwata na ikae na bogi e na uciwai. 1. This drill contrasts some intransitiveand transitive verbs.--The form,of the tratsitivesuffizAs usually a con-,. sonant plus -a,- and for most'verbs,the onsonant never . changes.. :This means that for eachverb like gunU !drink', -the fuller form, -unuva, must belearned. Some verbs entng in ,a, like kila'know', lengthen the final vowel for the transiFive forE=.ffilL Some, like kana have an irregular form. When, the transitivo formappears without an object, the-object is understood. For example, kania means. 'eat it'; kllä,knoW 6 4 6.5 VI I Expansion. Cue ientence E a kana. kania E d kania. na dalo E E kanianadale. . nikua d kania na mai Nadi dale) nikua. E N kanianadale nikua maiNadi. E lako. lakova E d lakova, na ika E E-lakova na ika. ,e na siga Nniti E E lakovana ika enasiga Mani i. kl nr.?_ .E E lakovana ika nasiga ManILI ki na makete. ' E R tara. tard . E a tara. na vale E E tarE na vale. e na yabaki sa oti E a tari na valee ha yabaki sE oti. mai na koro E R tar5 na valee na Yabaki- sR oti mai na koro. E- a siwa. siwata E R'siwata. na ika E R siwata na ika. e na bogi E R siwata e na uciwai na ika e na bogi.' E a eiwatana ika e na bogi e na ueiwai. IX. Repe-ition. Au a raiei tamaqu.1 Au sega ni kilai koya. E R lakpvi tacimu. Au I vukei koya. E a cieivi tamanao'Jone. E tarogi au o koya. Au tr. raici koya mai vale. E dodonu, mo lakv1 koya. 1. When transItIve verbsare used with proper= nounsor Pronouns, -i.is used rather than-a. For example, au raici Jona; au_raici_koya; 65 6.6 Kacivi.koya me iako mai. E nanumi koya vaka-evu o --1.1 a Xa. Sinple substitution. Cue Sentence Au'a sega ni raid tInaqu. nanuma Au a sega ni taroga nanumi tinaqu. kaciva kerea vukea lakova kila lomana muria ciciva .Xb._ Cue Sen ence E a ega ni kilai:aciqu. mokuta E a sega ni mokuti talk taciqu. maralataka .vakA-salet--a taqomaka vunauca vaka-sava dredrevaka t3mana Xc. Cue Sentence E a mokuta_na ulunae nanoa. liga E'a mokuta ha ligaha Jone .e nanoa. E a mokuti Zonee nanoa. Xd. Cue Sentence a E a raicanawaq e na yakavi. 6.7 tarnaria 1]a raici tDraga tamana e na yakavi. ha raicf.na tilraga e na yakavi. luvena Ea raiei vugona luvena e na yakavi. Ea. raleivugona e na yakavi. nOna koli E au a raiea na nona kcale na yakav Ea raie'lau e na yakavi. XI. VarIable slot. Cue Sentonce - _ a-r-Lica na walae na sokotaka _i sokotaka mataka lailai na waqa e na'yakavi. sokotaka na waqae na mataka na lailai. E na sokotaka,nawaqa'e pa mataka raica ,E na raicana waqa e na mataka yakavi E na raicana waqa e na, yakavi. a E a raica na tamana waqa e na yakavi. E a rald )]. maeawa sa oti tamana e na yakavi. E tamana e na macawa saoti. taroga E a tarogi tamanae na m5cawa sj oti. t rag E a tarcea'na tUraga e na maca a' sg oti.. taraga ni koro E a tarogi tUragani koro e na mgcawa sg oti. mataka hi E a tarogi tUragani koro ena mataka rau .E H tarogirau ena mataka nikua. kaeiva E Samu kacivi rau e na matakanikua. E E kacivi Sarnue na mataka nikua. mokuta E a mokuti,Samu kolI e na mataka nikua E a mokuta na,kolIe na mataka, 6.8 Tala Na, Ten. kel na\Ealavo E na duanagauna,ni rau sa veltau dredre eri kei na kalavo, kina na rau gade voii kinae .oma ni velkau, Rau kuneasara e dua na,i kau vudl:dreu. teri, "Au sã kabata sa kaya sarana na i kau vudi, .1amo tiko gd e rd." sa Rana na teri'sdmamau, sd qai viritaka mai i tau na kuli ni voi nona vudi, wale gdme kania..., Oti oyg &ã kaya na kalavo, "Daru maiiako ki cakau."' Kunea sara na kalavo . e dua na,vgsua ni dalag ti, kaciva "Mai taura mada sara\na nona i tau, na kg ofq6." Lake sara maina teri ka 'butuka na Ioniani vasua, sd gal qamuta Sd qai tagi na yavana,na v5sua. na terl, "Isa,.noqu 1tau, --. au si mate!" Kaya sara vug na kalavo, "Ociorina i sau ni vudi, baleta 'nomu solia vei au na na kg. cg. Tiko e k mo lu u, au sa iako ni sa berana ua levu. Question andanswer. 1. 0 eel na yaoadrauna veitau? Na Teri keina Kalavo. 2. Na cava e rau raica? E rau a raica,edua na jkau vud1. Na cavae a tukuna na teri ni sg "Au sa kabata kune na I kau vudi? na-i kau vudi, lamo tiko g e rd."' Na_cava e ayaco ni s.g k batana vudi na teri? E d kania na vudina teri gal solia vud kulina me kena. na Ralavo na -5. Ni sa ot_ -na kanavudi e rau 10 ki vei nave u? E rau 5 lako kicakau. 6. Na_caVa e a raicana kaiaiio e cakau? E a ralcae dua,na viSua. E a vaka-cava tana vasua? E a dalaga ta na-vasua. Nacava e 5 qai cakava-na kalavo E a kaciva na nona 1 tau me mai aura. Na cava e a cakava na-teri ni sgAcacivikoya na kalavo? E.a lake yan1 kabutuka na loma n1 vgsua. Na cava e ayaco ni sg butuka-na loma E g qal tjamuta ni vgsua'na teri? na yavana na vgsua. . 6 8 6.9 'XIII. 'Yocabulary. ba a fence bale a- because bati. bera tooth-. saew,-late -bulUmakau grandmother cattle; bulumakauyalewa or butu-ka tina ni-bulumakau'cow butv '.stamp)tread on4;.trans butuka cakau reef' dudru angry, an dalaga open one's-mouth daliga ear drau ni ulu hair of ,head dredre--Naka dredre 'smile- laugh';trans. gusu -drOUrevaka ,augh at.' isa mouth kaba-ta Interjection of.regretor year ing. /7 kaci-va kaba 'climb'; trans..kabata .kaci 'call';trans kaciva kalavo rat kau, i bunch, as in ivkauvudi kaya. .say keirau, -i kere-a 1st person dualexclusive kero 'beg, askHfor';trans.' kete kerea stomach kune find liga lomana forearm andband luve feel soiry for,tare for son, dai.Ighter, offspring iuvu drown mamau marautaka filled with food,sated marau 'pleasure, happine trans. marautaka 'be happy;._ mavoa pleased-VITHT-joiceat' injured, a wound injury mosi ache, pain ono six qamu-ta gamu 'take hold withpincers, -or between the th'; trans. uta ciara-va lartirface, attud1caret; CFans. ra garaya down, towards the 7-- ound, e ra rau 'underneath' sau, I 3rd person dual payment; 5.0,1.1. SO Zom 11-Cpay, rcta late' oll-a son 'frivr!' trans. son, 69 6.10 taci . yOunger brotheror sistr tagi-ca tapi 'cry'; trans. tagica tala ,tala 'send'; trans. tala end ---a person' tama father taqomaka protect pr serve tard-ga taro 'as rans. taroga 'ask a ques 1 tauvi-mate ill ta-rya ta 'chop with knife'*; trans..tay tea plant teri the swamp hen tina mother . toma7na toma 'accompany, help';trans. tomana uciwai river, stream ucu nose ulu .head vaka-cava what about..., how vaka-salataka advise vaka-sava send away, drive off vasua the large clam veikau wobd, forest veitau as in veitau drEd 'verylo d friends' viritaka throw voli rotindabout vudi kind of banana vugo one'S relation-in-law;father, mother, .son, daughter, niece, nephew vunau-ca vunau 'preach, make a speech'; tranS. vunauca, theperson as ob.; vunautaka, subject.of the speech ds ob. wale gã only wati spouse yaco take place, happen, arrive yani particle of direction: away from the speaker yava foot, leg 71) 7. FIJIAN A i ka vitu ni lUsoni Crawa, subordinateclause with ni and k I. DiaIcwie to beMemerized. 0 na laki siwa ke . Are.you going fishingIf the 'vinaka na draki? weather good? B: le, ke sa otina n qu Ye if I finish cakacaka. my wbrk: E rawa ni'ulako taleMayi gp too? ga? rawa ke galala na It's possible ifthefe's waqa. room in the boat. A: 0 eei dou na lake Who going along? vata? B: Keitou na lakevata We'll go -with John kei rau o Jone kei and Williamt if no one elsegobs,. you 'can Viliame. Ke saga go too, tale ni dua e lako, e rawa ni o lake tale gri. A: E na vica,na kaleko What -time willyou (3) be deu ha lake kina? _eaving? E na tolue na mataka At three in themorningif lailai, kerawa. posoible. A: Au nuitaka ni na I hope the weatherwill be vinaka na draki. good. Repetition. Au na lake ke vinakana draki. Keirau ha lake kerawa. Au via raici kemunTke rawa Au via gunu kerawa. Daru na laki siwa kegalaIa na waa. AU na lako ki Suvake rautana noqu I lavo. Au na lake keo lake. E,na vukei kemunIo koya ke galala. SR cR na bula keko ni hivtiau. E vinaka he daruna mat spta tale e LU. 7.2 lila, S1nip1e sub on. Cue Sentence Au via gunu kerawa. -dabe Au via dabe kerawa. .kana tavako Au viakana tavake ke raici kemunT rawa vukei kemunt Mb. Cue Sentence Au na lakeke vinaka_nadraki. kune e s3 na baca Au na lake ke kune gaiala na-waqa e s6 na baca. ,Au na lake'ke galalana waqa- datou lake e nama lailal ko lake tale ga sega ni tau na'uca sa eti na hequcakacaka dateu lesu totele mai gaiala na watiqu diateu lake ni mataka sega ni lake JD Jene Te" ITic. Cue Sentence Au na s ga ni lako ke ni lake. ea na draki Au na sega ni lake . ke ca na draki. sega.na baca Au na sega ni Iakeke lake tale e dua sega na baca. sega IIId. Cue Sentence Au nuitaka nina vinaka na d ,kune c s3 na baca * dou na lesu totolo levu na ika 7.3 leyu na lasa laka ta e gaa Jane IVa. 'Expans1ondrIll. Cue Sentence 1. Au na lako. ki Suva Au na lako ki ni oti-na cakacaka _uva. Au na lake, ki Suvani oti na -ke rawa cakacaka._ Au nalaka ki Suvake Tawa ni oti na cakacaka. e na yak-vl 'Au na iako kiSuva e na yakavi ke rawa ni otina cakacaka. 2. Au na raica. iko via Au na raici iko. Au na via raiciikp. ke,rawa Au na via raici ni bera na vii iko ke'rawa. -Au na via raiciiko ni berana 4 kerawa. 3 Au pa kerea. e dua na nornu I sele AU na kerea_e dua ke ra',a na hamu I sale. Au na kereae dua na nomu I sele ke rawa. .nifu vaka-yagataka Au na kerea kerawa ni'u yaka- yagataka e duana nomu I sele. 4. Au na gunuva. kei iko Daru na gUnuva. na yaciona ociti ke rawa Daru na gunuvana yagona o45. Daru na gunuyana yaciana ociD ke rawa. ni solla0 tvmasi 'Daru na'gunuvana yagona ke rawa ni solia o TOmasi 5. Au na kana. na dalo oqori Au: na kaniana dale, agari. ke rawa Au na kania ni a saga ni kania na dab oqori ke rawa Au na kaniana dab oqori ke sega, .ni rawa nio kania. 7.4 'Vb. xpanslon wIth Engllsncues. - Cue Sentence Au na lako. to Suva Au na lako ki Suva ,after work Au na lako ki Suvani oti na cakacaka. if possible Au na lako ki Suvake rawa ni in the even oti na-cakacaka. Au na lako ki Suvae na yakavi ke rawa ni: otina * cakacaka. 2. Au na raica. you (2nd person singular want to Responses.the sameas IVa. if possible beforefour (o'clock 3. Au na kerea. one of your knives it pos ible that I use it Au na'g--uva. with-you this yagona if pOasible that Thomas gives it 5. Au na kana. this taro if possible as you're not eating it V. Repet tion. E rawani'u lako tale gE? E rawani drau vaka-totolomai? E rawani o solia veiau e so na baca? E rawani o tukUna veiau sE vica na kaloko? E rawani vodo talee dua e na nomu motokE? E rawani toulako ena tolu na kaloko? E rawani_o vaka-rai-taka veiau na gaunisala? E rawanl'u kerea 6 dua-nanomu wR ni siwa? E rawa ni'u vaka-yaga-takana nomu I.ele? E rawani o kauti au vuEna tUraga. 7 4 7.5 Simple subti.ut1on. Cue Sentenco E rawa ni'u lake_tale_ o lake tale ga E rawa ni 9 lake tale ga? drau vaka-teto e. mai E raWa pi drau-vaka-totele -ai? o solia eq5 vu E rawa ni o solia eqb'vual dou lake mai E. rawa ni-dou lake mai? ovukei,au E rawa nt a vukei au? teu lake ni mataka E rawa ni tou lako ni mataka? 9 hi sena vei au edua E rawa hi o-ni sella vei au e na'tavake dua na tavake? o kauti au vua na tAraga E rawa ni o'kauti au vua na tUraga? au gunUva ha memunt E rawd ni'u gunuva na memunr yaciend yagena? b. Cue Sentence E rawa ni o lake mai ki kana e na yakavi? E rawa ni e lake mai ki kana e na yakavi? au, E rawa ni'u lake mai ki kana e na yakavi? keiau .keitou keimami daru dateu da kodrau kodou VI. Variable slo' drill. Cue Sentence E rawa ni o lako mai ki kana o ni mataka E'rawa ni a lake mai ki kana ni mataka? dou E rawa ni o dou lake mai ki,kana ni mata 7 5 7 6 vale E ra a ni o deulake mai ki vale ni matakal vale Di bose E rawa nio dou lake mai ki vale ni boSe ni mataka? drau E rawa ni o drau lakemai ki vale ni bose ni mataka Suva , E rawa ni o drau lakemai ki Suva ni mataka? vodo motoka E rawa ni o drauvodo motoka mai ki Suva ni mataka? VII. Repetition. Au kIinI sH.eti na.cakacaka. E-sega-ni macaIana vanua e tiko kinao keya. 8 macaia ni salesu tale o TImoc Au nanuma ni dodenuna nothu Iowa. E a tukuna vei au ni sR na sega ni lakeo keya. .E a vela mai nina lesu 'mai e na macawa oq5. Au sega ni kila ni-tabuna vaka-tavako e ke7.- Au raica ni sa vEileka maina waqa: Au vaka-bauta nina tau na uCa e na yakavi. E tukuna o koyani sR lesu maina ttlraga. VIII. Simple subs n. Cue Sentence Au knit sa oti na cakaeaka. sa levu nauca Au kila nisH levu nauca. sH buta ria kenadale Au kilH nisR buta na kenadale. sa oti na bose Au kila nisãoti na bose, sH moce_o koya Au kila nisa moce o koya. na'draki vinaka Au kila nina draki vinaka o_na iako tale .g6 Au ki15. nio na lake tale gR. sR lesu Mai na watimu Au kilH nisa lesu maina watimu. ratou t)erata nawaqa Au sa toki ki Lguteka AuIglE111 RTeikrnartlito:r.' sa sega'Ali oti na nona Au ki,la ni sa sega ni otina cakacaka nona cakacaka. IX. Variable slot d ill. Cue Sentenee Au nunuma ni na levuna uca e na rnatanj a'aka. 7 7.7 'yakavi Au nanuMa ni na levu nauca e na yakavi- ni:mataka. gUnq Au nanuma ni na levuna gunu e na-yakavi ni mataka. 'kin. Au,kila ni na levu na gunU . na yakavi hi mataka. . bogi pikua Au kin ni na levU.naguAU--- na bogi nikua. kIkana kei na yaqona Au kin ni na levuna kakana kei na-yaciona e na bogi'nikua. -nuitaka Au nuitakabi.na levuna kakana kei na yaciona e na boginikua. -siga Maniti Au nuitaka ni na levuna kakana kei na yacionae na siga MBniti. lailai Au nuitaka ni na lailaina kakana kel nayagona e na siza MBniti. cakaca!:a Au nuitaka ni na lanaina .cakacaka e'na siga,M3niti. X. Construct sentenceson f the modals studiedso far, Using: .1. Present tenee. 2. Any grammatical words (pronouns,markers, etc already learned. 3 Any of.the following contentwords: kila dodonu, tamata, levu, cakeva,waqa, raica, dua. fome examgles might be: Au kin ni sa dodonuna tamata oya. E cakava e duana waqa levu na tamata Ta,lappa. Na aciona Na.yagona e ,duana au. E dau tei vaka-levu baba. e na vanua Ke Vanua drak. iasua ,.e na rauta beka ni lima yabaki na kena bula na qal matua.- ia, ketel 6 na vanua Araki sigga,e rawa ni rauta ga.-e tolu tei,tale gd na ha yabaki. E yagona me Nolitaki. E dina gd, pi naxeuta e dua na sauna balavu,sR dua na cala ni vinaka. rawa lavo E kilai levuna yasiona ni Yaga6.na soqo vaka- tUraga ka daugunuvi tale gE E sega ni e na soqo lalai ni veisiga. yaga wale gd,e Vitina Yaqona, e yaga tale Mai Samoa keiToga. gd Questien andan.wer, 1. Na mataqali vanuaeava e dau tel vaka-1 yagona? vu kina na E dau tel vakd-leVu neyagona e naNanua baba. Na draki ava e totolo kinana matua ni yagonal Na draki igasiga e Matua totolo kina nayationa. Tukuna e duana yaga ni yaqona.: Na yagona e dau volitaki merawa kina na I lavo. Na yagona e dauvaka-yagataki 6na 'soqo vaka7tUraga. Na yaqona e daugunuvi e na so4olalai ni veisiga. Cavuta e dua nayanuyabu e kilai tale gd ni yaqopa. kina na yaga E kilai tale ga na yaga ni yagona maiToga. 7.9 XII. V- abulary. baba side -any steepslope, suchas .the side. ofa ill baca bait biu-ta buta biu 'leave,desert.'; trans. biuta cavu-ta cooked, ready foreating cavu 'to.name, topronounce datou (-tou) trans. cavuta -imami .1st person trialinclusive kau-ta lst person pluralekclusive ke kau 'carry'.;trans. kauta if, that lasa. lavo, enjoyment, fun ldew money command, rule order, authori_y, matagali judgment ni species', type when, fJr, becaue, that nuitaka hope ratou 3rd person trial auta about enough sala . road, path,way o f Samoa Samoa sigasiga burnt up by thesun.-, of Jand and soqo vegetation sota-va assembly, mostlyused of peaple sota 'to meet'.trans sotava suasua wet tale ga, also tau V2 te-i fall (rain) te .Tto,plant';intrans. -pass. toi; trans. tea- Toga Tonga toki tukuna shift residence;move, t say, tell vaka-bauta believe vaka-tavako smoke (v.) vaka-tDragt of chiefly rank vaka-tyagataka use vata vei with, together veisiga to, towards, at,with vica every day hew many, howmu h vitu seven vodo embark, board, mount vold write v751eka nearl almost voli-taka voli 'buy';tran, volitaka vud 'sel], spend moneF---7-- yaga to him, to her use, useful 79 FIJIAN A i ka walu ni l6soni (Subordinate phraseswith ni, me) I. Dialogue to be memorized. Ai E vaka-evei'ona How about It,are you lalki siwa nikua? fishing oday? to, au na.lako niiesu Y I'll go when WillIam mai- o Viliame. co:es back. Na gauna cava e na at time will heCome back? . lesu-mai kkna o '-kOya? B: E na tiko e ke ni He'll be hereafterthern oti na bo e. A: Sã vinaka, niyaco O.K. As soon as be.comes, gi mai daru iako go. Sara. B: Ial e na via lako But he'd lice togo too. tale ga o koya. A: E dodonu mevd- He'd better hurry. totolo mai. A Baleta na cava? WhY? A: Au na via lako ni I'd like to go before bera na bogi. dark. Vaka-cava na nodatou What about our ba baca? E,dodonu me nomu tt shouldbe y'our turn to "tavi e na m5cawa supply it this week. pqb. vinaka, me'u sg O.K. I'll go noW and getour la'ki vaka-rautaka 'fishing line together. mada na neirau wa ni siwa. A: To, ni yaeo ga maime All As soonashe c-m datou lako sara. we' 8.2 Heoet5tion. E dodonu meeakava na nona eakaeaka. E dodonv. melesu mai na taraganikua. E dodonu me savata na I sulu. . E dodonumemica e dua navuniwai. E dodonumedikevi vinaka., E dodonumemuria na nomuvosa. E dodonvi_mekania ha kena. E dodonumevodo e na wacia. E dodonu.mevoaa e liu na Bull. E dodonumevosoti madana eala oq5. M. SubstItution. Cue Sen ence E vinaka me liutakamada na bose. lagata mada nasere E vinaka kabata mada na niu me lagata madana sere-. yaka-rautaka hai-katalau cieiva na nona-i sele lakova na nOciu moto muria na gaunisalatUkoso vaka-tovolea e liu kerea voi au , -tukuna vei iko cakava vaka-totolo IV. jlepotition. E dodonu. mesoli& vei ikoo koya. E dodonu meraiei au sara niyaeo mai o. oya. E doidonu'medaru lesu tale mainikua. E-dedonu medaru veivosakimada. E dodonu medaru vaka-totelo. E dodonu'medatou lake nisa bera na bogi. E dodoraCmedatou vaka-eegumada. E dodonu meda lesu mai enanoa. E dodonu mekeirau la'ki sara yaloyalo. E dodonu mekeimami bose nimataka. V: Sobstitut Cue- SQntencte Au vinakatame daru vaka-to.s-olo. 8 da u law tale .mai nikua Au vinakata me daru lesu taC. mai nikua. 411a.ru,Veitalancia madr. Au vinakata-me daru veitalanoa mada. .datou lake Ili 5a bera na Au vinakata me datou lake ni bogi sa bera na begi. datou_vaka-cegu mada e ke7Au vinakata me.datou vaka-cegu keirau qai lesu mai ni Au yinakata me' keirau qai-lesu mataka mai ni mataka. keirau la' i sara Au vinakata me keirau lafki yalpyale sara yaloyalo. keimami veivosaki mada Au vinakata_me:keimami veivosaki e.liu mada e liu. da moce mai Suva niklp AU vinakata me da moce mai Suva nikua. da boSe mada Au vinakata me da bosemada da laza ,Serc mada Au vinakata me da lagasere mada. VI. Repc:t _ion. E dedenu mefu.moce. E dedenu mefu yell ika. dodonu me kana. E dodonu mo dalaga vaka-levume raica na bai u na vuni a E dodonu mo'dou lesu mai ni borana bogi E dodonu me dou'lazasere mada. E dodonu mo drau waraki koya. E dodonu mo ni-wKpaki koya. E dedonu mo ni vaka-totolo ai. VI- 1,ibstitution. Pattern: Lake mai vale medabe. Cue Liense au solia vol iko Lake mai'valeme'u cella vei iko. drau mai seta kei tamaqu Lake mai valemo drau mai seta kei tamaqu. ni mai-kana Lake mai valeme ni mai kana. dou mai vaka-cegu Lake mai valemo deu mai vaka- eegu. o mal lanu Valona Lake maivalemo mai gunu yagona. au vaka-rautaka na k Lake maivaleme'u vaka-rautaka .na kemu. o v6kei au.mada Lako mai valemo Vukoi au mada. dou mai veivuke Lake mai valemo dou mai veivuke. drau mai veivesaki Lako'lpaivalemo drau mai yeivosaki. au raici iko LaVo mai valemo'u raici iko. 8 2 , .r VI. ..Repetition drill. (kua, Au j,-17',- me VI- rl1:Th,-, ()' Au vr4,1,4a1.(a me kakua ul T.a o -,..------.,---- . ., _ ,,a naiainir ,:u (.71- kuf) PI (;unutc.imla nikuc, / Au narluilH-, )111,, ratou kakua nj,- -i,Hka-vadrati. (.Au na 'tow/'.i7., me(10,1.1 kua nA Thko Ili mataka, Au na toVole, rrl'u. kEkua nl herp \ h a t.1,-nrcuna1,:lo kua ni,lako 1,-i va,_,.. E --5. tukuna mo e --tAkakua ni. tiko0 1(6. E kaya na tinamu Fi.'drau kua ni qitoe E kaya na clase ni vuli me'u kkTua ul alto va. .., T r. I J. J " 1.1.1.1 1.. .1 I., ull Cue Sentence Au vinakata mo dou lzu& n_ beca na nogu voSa mo kua mada ni lako Au vinakata mo kua made, ni lake. mo dou kua mada ni Au vinakata mo dou kua mada ni wereca na I teitei wereee na I teltei. mo Orau kakua ni muria Au vinakata mo drau:kakua ni na nona Iowa muria na nona Iowa. mo.ni kakua ni bera mai Au vinakata mp ni kakua ni ni mataka 6era mai ni mataka. mo ni kua ni mokusiga Au vinakata m7,) nk ni mokusiga .vaka-levu. daru kakua sara ni vukei Au yinakata me daru kiku p. koya . sara ni vukei koya. datou kakua mada ni vaka- Au'vinakata me datou kEkua mada cegu ni_vaka-cegu. da kua ni gunu yaciona Au yinakata,me da kua ni gunu vaka-levu Yagona, vaka-levu. da kakua ci lesutalc Au vinakata me da kakua ni nikua . lesu tele nikua.' da kakua ni vosavosa .Au vinakata me da kakua ni vaka-leyu vosaVosa vaka-levu. X.% Repetitibn. E levu'na ika keitou rawata Me vakkna kaa o, sabutu, na kasala. Au tea na I tel me vaka na dalo,tavloka,bele) kei na uvi. E dau vakau ki Niu Siladi pa vuata,me vaka na aina, balgant, weleti,kei na dalo. E levu na sala ni rawa i lavo, me vakana suka, niu, kei pa koula. Mo vaka-totalo me.vaka ni sa bogi navanua. 8 3 Mo vaka-liuci kov rr1 vaka ni (lase vol Au nanutro 11;y yLL5 L Ivu IL ilogu OS 0 OS 0 . dodonu cy:Ch mlo Vi1J ni-L=a lailai na rauna. \ E dodonu mo vo:;:a Lle vakE ni'u nomu liuliu, sa doddnu nikOa conu !:!ova ni vi na kaloko. XI. Substitution. Cue 5ont,on " kt'tkata_ na vanuaoq me vakR mai Vitt. dvaki '6ualua E dvaki suasua na/vunua:Toq6,me vakn mai Viti. draki vinaka vanua vinaka .vanua OSOOSQ levu na tamata e levu na dui kaikai e levu na uca e levu na ika e ,levV na baravi nukuvula katakata na siFa. Ii Repetition. Au na lako ni otd. na Au vinakata mo raLic koyr! ni t.envia na bos,:Je na sialevu. Au na via lesu mai nisa.Lp2ra 1-1F:4 bo0. Era na lesu mai ni terana tolu., Au na qai cakava ni'u lesuyani. Ni oti n uca datou na tokiva sara. NiO. yaeo yant, daru gatla'ki stwa. Ni sa bera ni o lakomo raid au.. Ni o sa yaco mai me cakavasara n nolitu cakacaka. Ni 0 lako mai ni mataka,,auna vaka-raitaka vei,iko'na nogu waqa, . , . X11,1. Substitution. Cue . Sentence Au na oat cakava ni lesu ' u, lesu mai Au na oàl cakava nlu lesu 8.6 ni tukWit ra ye! au na tUrt'aca ,aLou c ni t.;4 leva nl nn 1-av- t!i'n sit c:Aalu losu tcsJ:1 ni o unia nn_ loaLe ni Lta tta vaka-yvi nj hcraflU Suoll ;11. 'tal:tetc_tt Eo VJ cic n ccva j 1:tq ni wuna PwAfika. ytt yanuytit r Na 1 1 ri C sivia e toluna drau na vciyI:muyanu ka ral ciri,koto yanl o na lomani lima z.acavulu vaka-cacana udolu na mane kara3ar-74wa na PaslIfIka, vaka-rivirivi niwasa Na levu ni waie koto vaka- volivelita, vaka-vu-a me daU seva ni vetsauvaka-lovu kina na kQna vlokena I vaka-rau take gE ona mEliwa ni Ger kei ni.katakata vinaka yani na 90 na dikiri kamai car,ina e na.carj hulahulani wa_nawasa. dram, bttal_TWnJ na vula ko N4 gauna nI M6 ki na vulako N3veba. E nn e ru Levu, e w.74L ko Vlti Levukel VEJ.nua vaka-rua kona drak:.; .ya.6ana suasua ke drokadroka ca0 .qaJ maikataRate yal, La na'ra niynuyanu C12ua ogori. sirasirr,a E na yanuynu ;() Viti Levuer.a tiko kinaze sIvia voimma ni leweni vanua ka tiko na tilraEa e ViLi. tale r3 kinana koro XV, Qurztinot3 andarmwer. 1. Na Wasawasa, cave c tlko kina koViti? Ko Viti a tikoc,ha wasaTasifika.- 2. E vloa na 1 villwili ni vet,,aLujanuyaiuu e wili k na? E sivia e tolu na drau na voiyal;uyanuyanu e will kira. a vula cava.na vulani draki bataliat? Na vula ko N kl na vuIakoNbveb4 na vula batabeta. ni draki . Na cava tiko kinana a koro tUrlafT_a?- 'Na kena'koro Oragae tikoje nn yanuyl:,nu ko VitiLevu. A Ei,7 7- Na anuvanu cav-) 16-yr tarila4, U ike kina? Na yanuyanu ko V. LQVU e ley!) tauTha tlko kina. na tamata c 6, Na matagall eava C kUNC C na i ni yanuyLcau lelevu e rua? Na draki katakata a igasiga e kune ona rT1 va lulevu rua. XV . Voeabn lay Plant (Hindi baJjwJA waravi coast line, shore bc-6, , bole to'; trans. hL;ca shrub use(' as:a. vegetable cagina vinaka breez Cala err, miss ceva:, south ciri drift at sea or outto sea dike-va dike 'examine'; dikirI trans. dikova degree (EngL) oftempe'raTa!, also of longitude,orlatitude drau hundred drekadroka dui Excen, sometimes blue a distributive particlepreceding the base meaning each,respec- tively, or dlf:erntly. eratou dui lako vani kiSuva 'they made theirown way to Suva' na nodra dUi tovo ni_bula 'their CieetivOT-Ways6-f life' era_ dui_ vosavosa 'they (each) speak a differentlanguage' ga only, just, nevertheless,al the same, yet, but,however jaina_ a kind of banana; Chinese kaikal banana from the word.kai'native of a place' and preceded bydui, it means 'people of different countries' kakua, kua do not arakarawa blue, sometimesgreen kasa_la kind of fish katalau, 1 breakfast kawago kind of fish koto lie in a place- koula lelevu gold (Engl.) plural form of levu'big, lar great' lewe ni vanua inhabitants ofa country 8.8 1-1u preceae, surpass, excel,be first; trans. llutaka 'load, rule' verbal particle expressing purpose, se introducing sub- junctiv& Cr ',operativeclauses, for...to, in o-p(te to, to be, to havo, that, should (I)... etc. milo (Engl.) m5liwa interstice, thespace between two objects; Niu.S1.1adi New Zealand Növeba Novmhor (Engl.) e5ee60 full,occupAed pasifika PacJ.fic (En:l.) ra 3rd person plural-See era rawa-trl rawa 'to be able, to got,--to obtain'; trans. rawata -sRbutu kind of fish like El-IT-Emma sagavulu ten, used only in compoundsas in rua sagavulu'twentyl.,. up to ciwa sàauu tninety'; tini- 6 use&fer the number Fa-itself sara very, greatly, used after ,..,crbs:, lat:o sara 'go at once' sava-ta clean'; trans, savaa Siga n ucu sivia ba-FiThday, Chri'3tr-o= sivi 'exceed,surpass,17,0 beyond, thore than':, trans. sivl.a suka sugar (Engl..) sulu, I clothes t;Ara-va tadva 'face or standup to, --E-sPecially wind,sun, etc. tadraya tiikoso follow a Sh6Tt7i,.,r route, cut crosswise, pass through talanoa, I story . Laudua one, 'only, alone, as adv., exceedingly, uniquely, 'tavi, I quite portion assigned, share,duty tekiva start,bean tokt auxiliary: continuance-or Progression, not so strong tu tovolea try udolu thousand vaka resemble, be like; like,according to valca-ifeaea as in e tini vaka-caca '_sometJang between 10 and 20' 87' 8.9 vaka-evei ho about vaka-liUca make one go first,put one in command; vaka-liuci'made to command' vaka-muria follow vaka-rivirivi area, as in tolu na_mailovaka- rivirivi 'threesquare mfTFF in area.' 'vaka-rua twice vaka-totolotaka speed. ono up, hurryit up vaka-tovolea try out, experiment va-kauta send off vaka-volivolita vaka-vuna stand al)out,surround cause vaka-yadrata veimama awake veisw- the middle,ha.): exchanco veitalanoa chat, tell stories Veivosakl - togethe veivuke talk, discuss help, assistance veiyanuyanu island:groups;na veiyanuyanu e na Pasifika 'the islandsin Viti Levu the PacifT1 vosavosa largest island ofthe Fiji group vosa 'talk, speak';intrans. vosavosa 'talk'; Ivosavosa vuata Ti'5ST-Thg, proverb' crop, fruits oftrees, harvest vuniwai doctor walu eight wa-raka wa 'wait for, elpect'; trans. waraka; wa ishardly. used alone; w-aw 5. isthemore wasa commonly U7Sed form cea, ocean. Also, wasawasa. wasa is used whena quafffying word: likelevu or liwa follows; were-ca otherwise, wasawasa.-5-used were 'weed, cutgrass'; trans., wili-ka wereca wiliwili, wiTYT-C-Funt,road ! yasana total number yatu province row, not followed by -anu_ anu 'a rowor chain of islands; xtiLatu yanumil 'rows orgroups of islands' 9.1 FIJIAN ka ciwa ni 1Csoni ssive; Kel, Dialogue to bemefl 1r4cd. A: E vica na ydga ni niu manyus of coconut o you know? B: E levu: Na lewqna e A The meat is.usedfor vaka-yar-ft;ki mo food, and dried to be kakana, _a' sigani sold. The fruit is alsodrunk. me volitaki. E gunuvi tale gana vuana. A: Vakacava na tolona W at about runk and the kei na drauna? leaves? Na tolona e cakame The trunk i,u--d as rafter s5 ka cakana and the leyes are used asa drauna me s5s5. broom. Sa yaga dina vaka- I's really useful. levu. Io, e sega ni o Yes, not only t!-:at,the root koya g5 oy5, e- is also useful, yaga tale ga na the husk, and any other partyou can wakana, na (15 ni think of. bulu, kei na tiki- na'ga ananuma rawa. The form of thepa-ive 15 sImIlartp that of the sitive active form the f nal -a is changedto difference in meanng is shown g'y the following: E vaka-atdka 'He uses it.' L_YRISAnUa_2_;gi 'It is used.' Forms, with a .final -a, like kIla, u-e kilal. 2. l!R 'apd is used to Join sentenc esor verb phrases. The verbal marker isnot used again after ka. used to join Kei is noun phrases, as in na alewa kei nagone. 9.2 IIa Repetition dr 11. E raici o koya ena veivula. E gunuvi na vuana. E kari na drauna. E voli mai Nadi na tavako. E soli mai vale levu. ,E toki mai na koro. E vdkamai na vale. E vaka-sigani na lewena. E sigani na niu. E qaravi na cone. lIb E voli aki na lewena. E tokitaki ki na koro niv 1 E karitaki na kulina. E sokotaki mai Suvana waqa. E vaka-yacataki na lewena. IiIa. Substitutlo. Cue Sentence E garavi na ni voli E von n4 flu. sigani vaka-yacataki samaki tet IIIb. Cue Sentence E vak472ELALI:k1 vaka-levuna niu. tel E tel vaka-levuna niu. volitaki gunuvi kari vinakati IIIc. Cue_ Sentence volitaka E volitakl na alo. 0 9.3 tea E tei na da qaraVa samaka vakayagataka IIId. Cue. Sen E dodonu me aynuy_ nav ana. voii-taki na vuana E dodonu me vol:':;akina vuana. vaka-yagataki na drauna vaka-sigani na lewena karitaki na drauna tel na vuana va-kamai na drauna Cue Sentence E vinaka me na lewena me -maca. vaka-yagataki na tolona E vinaka me vaka.yagatakl na me i sa tolona me jsT. kari na drauna me sasa kari na lewena me krikana tel na vuana me tubu samaki na vuna me savasaVE 1Va. TransformatIon. Change each .01 the followIng to passive. Cue (active) Keimami dau ra. di koya e na veivula. gunuva na vuana. karia na vuana. volia mai. Nadi na tavako. solia me -Ica ni veivuke. tokia e na gauna ni draki ca. va-kama-na benu vaka-sigana na lewena sigana te mamaca. qarava na tauvi tate. karitaka na kulina. volitaka na niu buta. 9 t 9.14 sokotaka e loma niwasawa a. vaka-vagataka vaka-levu. 121ER2aPu (pa-Ive) E dau r,.ei o koya ena veivula. E dau gunuvina vuana. E dau kart navuana. E dau voli maiNadi na tavako. E dau solime ka ni veivuke. E dau toki ena gauna ni drakl cA. E dau va-kamaina benu. E dau vaka-siganina iewsna. 8 dau siganlme mamaca. E dau qaravina tauvl mate. E dau karitakina kulina. E dau volitakina niu buta. E dau sokotaki elomani wasawasa E dau vaka-yagatakivaka-levu. Iv Cue E a lakovana na siga Moniti. E a siwatana ika o na bogi ena uciwai Au g ,ega ni micana tinaqu. Au a ,ega ni kilana tinanu. E a s kotakana waqa.e na yakavi. E a kieivana tiiraga e na yakavi. E a taroga na bulle nanoa. 8 dkaeivi Samu ena mataka. E a tarogi koyae na mgcawa sa oti. e E a lakovi na lkae na siga Möniti. E A siwati na ikae na bogi e na ue E a sega ni raicina tinaqu. E A sega ni kilaina tinamu. E a sokotakina waqa e na yakavi. E a ,kaeivi na tUragae na yakavi. E g tarogi na bulle nanoa. E a kaeivi o Samu.ena yakavi. E tarogi o koya enanoa. Va. Expan Cue Sen ence E voli na tavako. mai tak3 E voli maina tavako. E volitaki maina tavako. e na vei E volAtaki maiSuva na tavako. E volltakimai Suva na e na tavako E dodonu me volita kI maiSuva dau na tavako 0-na.vei iga. E dodonu me dau volitakimai sega ni Suva nt tavakoe na velsiga. E sega ni dodonu me dauvoli- taki mai Suvana tavako e na velsiga. Vb. Cue Sent en ee Na. qele esoil. vel Ira Na qele e a soli 'Na (lel°e d soli na hal vrila-A Na vie vei ira. e a solivei irana -kai vElagi.. ai vol irana kal Viti Na qelee A solivei ira na kai valagi maivei Irana sega ni dau kai Viti. Na galeeA egani dau soli vei iranaka4vdlari mai vel iranaka;. Ve. Cue Sentence E tarogi. a E E tarogi. ,na kE oq5 E 5 tarogina kd oq3. vei qase ni vuli E a tarogi na ka oq6 volqase mai vei rau ni vuli. E a tarogina kg oq6, ve_ ni vial mai vinaka me vei rau. . E.vinaka me tarogi na-kao o Jone kel Samu \rel qase ni vulimai \Fel E vinakame R tarogina kE oq vol qase nivuli mai vel 3. -taki_ is a causative suffix. %roll m ans voil..takI means'to cause to be bebought;' boUaTE.' thus,'sold'. 9 3 9.6 rau a Jon_ Ice! Sara. e nanoa E virlalcL me ' tarogi na ka vei qae ni vulimai vei rau Jone kei Samue nanoa. VIa. Rep ti 1. Mo drau gunu ka kanagTek. 2. Mo lako ka lesumai vaka-totolo. 3. E ratou sa sisilioti ka vaka-yakavi. 4. Curu ki tuba ka kakua tale ni lesumai. 5. E se lako e nanoa o koya ka sa segaga ni 1 6. Sã rauta e laT ka .esu mai. me tou qai vaka-otiani 7. Au vinakata mataka mo lako ka tiko e 1 1 ni pera na kaloko. Vaka-raici koya katukuna vua niu sa E vaka-sasaqa wrma tiko. tiko o tinadraRa ra qi o tikana gone. VIb. 1. E a levu d,na na gunu kei na kakanae na 2. Mo kacivirau mai o Samu kel 3. Keirau-na iako vatakei tamaqu. 4. Volia mai e dua na pakete tavako keina dua na masese. 5. Mo lako vata keirau ocio ki na makete. 6. E rua na taunilelevu mai Viti ko 7. Suva kci Lautoka. Curu mai mo draumai lululu keiTImoci. 8. Y,0 tikv vata koya me yacova 9. sara ni mace. 11-012 ga nayacamu kei na vanuao tiko kina. VII. Join the fo1low1nwith ka or ke Cue -Sentence 1. E yadra nagone. E yadra na E mace na tinana. gone ka mace na tlnana. 2. 0 Viti O Viti kel Toga. O Toga E na lesu mal nikua 4 E rauna lesu mai kua o o Mere. ere kei Sala. E na lesu mai nikua o Sala. 4. Note the agreement innumber: dual subject. rau Is used Witha 9.7 a euru ki vale c Ei curu kI vale ka koya- dabe o koya. E a dabeoko'a. Lake ki toa. Lako kf stoa ka volia maie . dua na pFiketo Voila maie dua na tavako. pakete tvako. 6. Na kai Valagi kai Valagi kai Idia, keina Na kai Idia kai Jaina, Na kai Jaina Era a sota kei na Era i meca Lota icP vala na mataka e na mataka lailai. Era a vaia keina meoa e na mataka Na niu'e gunuvina ,Na niu 'e gunuvina vuana ka vaka- vuana. yagataki e.na Na niu evaka-yaga- vaka6asaqa. taki navuana e na vaka-sasaga. Twooga vuana s ga Taroga vua e na .yaco mai n" sig_ e nayaeo kina. mai kina keina cava e, mai cakava. iaroga vuana cdva e mai cakava. 10. Era a kanana lewe Era U kana ka(ra ) mamauna nilcoro. lewe ni koro. Era R mamauna lewp ni koro VIII. Tal Na,niusEdua na kauyaga vaka-levu. na veivanua draki E bula na niue katakata ka raWarawama kena claravi. kena yaga e levu. E vaka-yagataki Na e na tara ni vale me k-dkana,taurivaki ka yaga tale.ga . me i yaya ni vale. Oya e vica wale0.7 na:kena yaga. Ni sa siganina n u, e dau volitaki kataurivaki e na caka rui yaga vaka-levu ni sovu, Na kena CAT na au e eavuti kinana I vo avota Vaka-viti na '-vinakavakaniu---sega e biu.' 9 9.8 IX. Questions. 1= Q. Na vanua cava e bula kinavakLvinaka na pio.? A, Na niu e bula vaka-vinakae na Vanua katakata. Na cava e cavu kinana I Vosavosa "vinaka vaRa,7 niu---sega c biu?" A. F cavuti na Ivosavosa oci3 b Iota nayaga ni niu. Q. Na cava nayaga ni niu? A. E vaka-yagatakimc laikana taulivaki e na 'ara ni vale ka yaga tale game caka me Iy7'ayji ul vale. E yaga tale gana niu e na kena bull na'ovu. Na cava na I balebaleni "vinak vaka-niu---sega e'biu"? A. Na kena I balebale yaga taucoke flu nit, maina drauna me yacovasara na wakula. X. Vocabulary. benu rubbish. ciwa nine curu enter';. ans. curum4curumaa 'Make a thlng enter' drau lea:f Idia India Jaina China karl-a, kari hkri -:rape'; trans, karL, fcT.ri aka (more empha'TTZ) kuli - lewe meat, flesh lululu shake hands mamaca dry ufase-e matches Engl-) meca enemy pUkete packet (Engl.) ga ni bulu coconut husk ciele earth, sOil, land rui too much, exceedingly, sa, rafter sama-ka samA 'sweep, clean'; trans. s-asa samaka TIT dry coconutleaves; (2)the ribs of coconut tied togeher to make a broom' sigana sun-dry; vakanaeau° sovu soap (EngLY taucoko all, whole,completely cauni. town (Engl.) tauriVaka use, make use of 9,9 tiki a part, portion tolo trunk, waist tuba outside, but limited in use; . e tuba 'adv. of place'; ki tuba TiTV7-of movement'; mai tuba 'from outside' tubu crow, spring up (of plants) .va-kama burn, set fire to; vakamai pass vaka-niu, as in vinaka vaka-nr17.-Tful like a coconufT---- vaka-otia finish, complete, bring to an end vaka-raica look for, look after vaka-sasacia cook, boil. Alsoi vaka-sacla LI4M9A;Lik vnkn-qignnn drSiTi=n-'ffE--itin. See ana vaka-vinaka well vala fight, war; fight (v.) v ivanua places, different places veivula every mOnth vua fruit, seed waka root YRYR, goods, furniture, luggage 10.1 FIJIAN A i ka t.nI nA lsonI Ia. Ni sã bula. Ia, vinaka na bula. Ni bUia! Drau bula. bula vinaka? ro, vaka-lailai. Se: vaka-evei? SJ, vaka-cava? Ib. Yalo vinaka. Vosoti au mada. Vinaka vaka-levu.- E rawa niu raici kemunT vaka-lailai? E rawa niu raici kemunT mada? II. Equational Sentcnces. a. Repetition. E dua na triraga dau.eakacaka o koya. E dau teitei o koya. E eauravouni Yasawa o Samu. E s5 na tamata yalo drEdr-e o ira. E dua naeyalewa.vucesd 6 koya. E ratou kai Merika. E dua na tamata cd o koya. -E dua na tamata vinaka na tama:a oqori E rua na tamata da siwa 0 rau. E dua na gone yalewa vinaka a Mere'. Iib. Variable slot. Cue Sentence eauraliou o kcya. E gone yalewa E gone yalewa cd o koya. tamata vinaka E.tamata vinaka o koya. . 0 TIMoci E tamata vinaka o TImoci. E gaaa ni vuli E E r,one nd Vanua Levu L p:one ni Variva Levu o'Timoci. o rau E rau joni Vanua Levu. E rua r1,1 1 rwni E rau ccnc yalewa o rau. 3-11. Comment geaiini location phl.ases . a Repetitinn. la'ki 2uva lesu mai Merdka E tilko mai Vanua Lc,vu no kal v5171 E teitei tike r:adkoro ndvuli na moce tike na luvemu e vale ni kuro. E lakeva na dka ki na sitoa. siwata na_ika no uciwaa. na _ko e kE ni hera na vitu. IIIb. Chan,-- the '--nse when necossar- Cue Sentence E a lakokiSuvae daidai. yabakd mai oc E na lake ki Suva e na y baki mai oc16. irateu ratou na lako xi Suva e na yabaki mai oc,6. La ratou na lako'ki Labasa -e na-yabaki mai oq6. toki ratou na toki-ki Labasa e na Yahaki mai ono. macawa ratou a toki ki Labasa e -a ;75 oti. _ ratou a sok° ki Labasa e na macawa sa oti. kcirau Keirau a soko kl :Obasa e na macawa sa otL ion Respond henor:, ivo form of the sen ences. Na noLiaI -isele o duaani,mai na noqu. aravatiko na i teitei nd tamana. rairaivinaka na yalewa Au fiuitaka ni dou na lesu totolo mai. . E.rawa ni'u yakyar,ataku e sO na nomu baca? E'rawa ni o drau vodb motokri mai ki %va rumata 9 E dadonu re daru vaka-co;7:u Au vlhakata mc daru veitalanoa ma E dodOnu mo nh waraki koya. 9 9 10.3 E aya na tinamu mo drau kua ni qito e.k- E a tukuna mo ratou kiikua ni vaka-yadrat- V. Subs'titu ion drill. (Alienable, inalienable, ,etc.) (Respond with proper nouns -ossessiVe) . Cue _Sentence 1. sa mosi na ketena. S mosi na nona' mavoa. mavca 2. E levu na mena mage. E levu na:kona tavioka. tavioka j. 0o5 na noqu vale. 0q6 na mequ wad= ni moli . wal ni moll ogovi /la memudou. Oqori na nomudou .-rourou. vaka-lolo. sulu 5. L nanumi koya.vaka- E nanumd koya vaka-levuna .1evu na timidaru nodaru tUraga.. ttirar,a. 6. E sE yali na nomunI E sa yali no momunT taayagona . i sale. (or nomunI) taga yariona 7. Sa katakata na:memur' i1 Sa katakata nd kemuni i vaka- wai. yakavi. vaka-yakavi Oclori na kerw vaka, Oclori na riomu wU nd siwa. :_sialevu. wH ni siwa 9. 0 koya ná nodrau dau 0 koya na vugodrau. voigaravi. vuf;o 10. Oya 11a tinamudrau. OyA na kemudrau uvi uvi 11. O. eel na tamamuni? .. 0 coi na nomunlqase ni vuli. vUdi . 12. E cudru vaka-lovu _ cudro vaka-levu o Jone. na tacieu. Tone 13. Oya na nodra OY na kedra kAkana . yanu. kU-5,11-a -14. Oqori. na nom.' tarau Oqcri na tacimu. sese balavu. taci 15. So lai1ai na nodra Sa lailai na medra,dovu. rauna ni deru. dovu 100 10.4 Attribution. Cue Sentence 0qC5 edua na yalewa. 1. ca 0(16 edua na yalewa ca. 2. vInaka 3. dau cakacaka 4. vucesa 5. dau vosa 6. cudrueudru ;7. yalo vinaka 8. dau dredre 9. mamadua -10. rairai:vinaka Cue Sentence Oqori na vale nikana. 1. moce Oqoina vale nimoce. 2. turaga 3. kuro 4. bose 5. volavola 6. savasava 7. bula 8. vuli -9. I yaya 10. bulumakau VIc. Variable slot. Cue Sentence Oya na vale ni yagona. 1. e_dua Oya edua na vale ni yaqopa. 2. vu- Oyd odua na vu ni yaciona. 3. ociori Ociprie dua na vu ni yaciona. I. tolu Ociorie tolu na vu ni yaciona. 5. niu Ociorie tolu na vii ni niu. 6. og3 Ociö etolu na vri ni niu. 7. jaina 0(13 etolu na vu ni jaina. . oya Oya etolu na vri ni.jaina. 1 oi 10.5 Vci plus object. a. Expansion. Cue ------Sent rico E nona I solo E ciciva na nona I sole. E a ciciva na nona I solo. kJ_ nodratou vale E .a ciciva na nona I sole kl nodratou vale. nikua E ciciva na nona I sele:ki nodratou vale nikua. e na sigalevu E a ciciva ha nona I sele ki nodratou vale c na sigalevu nikua. Sentelce E d t na vU nijaini d tea.na vla nijäina e lima E A tea e lima na vU ni jdina. mai nona i teitei E. a tea e lima na vU ni jdina mai nona I teitei. e na vula sa oti E d tea e lima na vU ni jAina mai nona 1.teitei e na vula sA oti. Cue Sentence E katia. na clic) E katia nalö. E a katia na gib. na yavanA E katia na yavana na gib. mai wat E a katia na yavalla na gib mai wai. e na yakavi' -E a katia na yavana na gib mai. - wal e na yakavi. ni alga TUsite E R katia na,yavana na gib mai wai e na yakavi ni siga Tusite. VIib. Substitution, Use the cue as the object. Cue Sentence au E aHmokuta na yavana., Sala . Au A ciciva.na noqu i su u. na dalo SR kana tikona'taciqu. 102 10.6 na vuniwal E a kacivi Jorie e na mataka 1-liai. koya Au sega ni kiln. ira Au a rale& na waqa. koya. E dodonu mo lakova na I katalau. na gone oqb Au R vukei rau.- .na vale E R tara. watiqu E na taroga na qa:7e nI vuli o koya. na bia sa via gunu na vugona.. na ika E a siwata e na bogi. ,Pen1 Au K sega pi lomana na yalewa oya. Response E R mokuti au. Au a eieivi Sala. sa kania tiko na,dalo na ta iqu. F a. kaeiva-na vuniwai e na mataka lailai, Au sega ni kilai kpya. Au a raici ira. dodonu mo lakovi koya. ,Au_R- vukea,ha gone ocio. E R tarR na vale. na tarogi watiqu o koYa SE via gunuva na bia na vugona. Rsiwata na ika e na bogi. Au R'---seza ni lomani'Peni. VIII. Repetition 1. Au nanuma ni na eila na vula e pa bogi. 2. Au kilR ni dodonu molako mada. 3. E datou na'tiko mai keyR ni bera na va. 4. .Au vinakata me datou tiko e kU ni bera na sago. 5. E rawa ni'u'vakayagataka e s§ na nomu baea? 6. E rawa ni o drautekivu cakaeaka mai Lautoka e na' yakaVi.ni mataka? VIIIb. (nega_On) 1. Au nanuma ni na saga ni cila na vula e:tia bogi. 2. Au sega ni kila se dodonu:mo sa,lako se,kua. 3. E sega ni rawa ni datoU-na tiko mai keyR ni bera na A. Au sega ni vinakata-me datou tiko e kë ni bera na soqo 5... E. sega ni rawa ni'u vaka-yagataka e s5 na nomu baea? 6. E sega hi rawa nt 0 drau tekivu eakacaka mai Lautoka e.na yakavi ni mataka? 1 0,3 10.7 VIIIc, Ne ation Au kilaikoy. Au Sega ni kilai koya. Au a nanumi tinaqv Au 6. sega ni. nanumi tinaqu. Au na lake ke o la o. Au na sega ni lako ko o lake. E saHmac'a. E sega ni macala. E (lase ni vuii. E sega ni qase nivull. E vuli tike e Merika ni vuli tiko e Merika na tamata eq6. na .tamata oq5. E balavu na gaunisala. sega ni balavu na gaunisala. E batabata na vanua. E sega ni batabata na vanua. E vinaka na vale ni E sega ni vinaka na vale ni xpclena ni Vlti. yaqona ni Vlti. E 'a via lesu tale mai E a sega ni. via -lesu tale mai nikua. nikua. na. Repe, tion. E dodonu mo vakamuria na nbna lewa m- van ni nomu.clase ni vuli. Sa dodonu me- da vaka-totolo ni sd ciwa na kaloko. E tukunamo drau waraka ni lesu mai e na yakavi. E dodonu me tiko e k3 na Bull. E dodonu mo keirau wereca na I teltei. 1Xb. 'ution. Cue Sentence dodonu me le u mai ena yakavi. iko E dodonu mo 111 mal enayakavl o Pita E dodonu me lesu mai eIla yakavi o Pita koya E dodonu me lesu mai na yakavi o koya. ratou E dodonu me Tatou lesumai e na yakavi. au E dodonu me1u 'esti maie na yakavi. rau E dodonq me rau lesu mai e. na yakavi. keirau E dodonu me keirau- lesu mai e na yakavi. da E dodonu me- da lesu mai e na yakavi. drau E-dodonumo drau _leSu maie 'fla yakavi. 104 Xa. Rep.t tion Au na siwa ke vinakana draki. Keirau na vaka-totele maike rawa. Au na via raiei ike ke'eyace mai nikua. Au na lesu mai ena 'yakavi ke rawa.ni eti na bese nikua. Au na lesu mai ena begi nikua ke rawa nie lake tale ga. Xb. Subs_itution. Cue Sente ee Au na sil a ke vinakana draki. drau lake mai Me drau lake mai ke vinakana draki. Me vaka-otla na nomu Me vaka-etia nanomu eakaeaka eakaeaka ke vinaka na draki. Lake mai ni mataka Lake mai.ni mataka ke vinakana draki.- Daru la'ki werecana nequ 1Daru la'ki wereeena noqu teitei teitei. Au na gade yani Au na gade yani,ke vinakana ,draki. Keirau na la'ki sara qiteKeirau na la'ki sara qite ke vinaka na draki. substitut ..n. Cue Sente- e Au na siwa_ke Vinakana draki. levu na baca -Au na siwa ke levuna baeA; dua na noqu wa ni si:a Au na siwa ke duana noqu wa ni siwa. rawa ni e lake tale ga Au na siwa ke.rawa nia lake tale ga. au raiea rawa e- dua na Au na siwa ke a raiea bete rawae ; dua na'bete. 'dateu lake vata Au na siwa ke datou lakevata . 10.9 TaiRnoa. rdvo ra Patna e]jj o .. hula tiko e dua na dau talanoa na y,eana 0 predre c krin ko Navakeksese e na yanuyanu. ko Sega. E dau k rU me ra kau nabu vua- a ira - era via rogo ILala)10=-5- Dua Lona na'siga tukuna o koya mc ra kauta mai na matal ga ni ka o1' :1 i1 -a. rawa C na nodra la'ki siWa so Sia 1_ak0 sap duct vci ira na dau rogoi talanoa na yacana 0 Tui na ivioalita me la'ki siwa, ka ,siwata sara.c. dua na duna. laveta mai,vanua na duna, sa vuki sara:Me talciat.a. 2L7, keyll 0 Tui na Ivlqãllta ni kalou \TU. oy 3i tekivu 1/:?.k asu sara_na-kalou vff me vaka-bu- lai, ka yalataka e u,. Icabese g o Tui. sa gal tukuna na vti me 5o13a vuK na kaukauwa me rawa ni butuka na vatu katakcata. r yaoova na siga fi.Li v, o ira kece na kava nei.Tui na ivigalita ralla ni ra butuk- na vatu katakata ka ra sega ni-kama. Quosticu and ann. 1. Na Yanuyanu ca-a e tuki.ml t jo a na I talanoa c Na ya nuyanu k0,Becia 2. Na cava cra dan cakava o _Ira ro-roi talanoa? Era dau %au nabuv__A dau ni _noa. na yaca j koya dau talanoa? Na Yacai koYa na dau talanca-ko Dredre. Na_cava e a stwata 0 Tui na E a siwata o ,k0ya e dua na duna. Na cava c a gal yaco na dIzna ni sä laveti mai vanua? E vuki ma tamata na Na kaukauwa Cava jla kalou vri vei Tuina ivigHlita? -E ã solia na kau 'awa ni butuka na vatu kata- kata ka sega n. vana. 106 10.10 XII. VocabulaY. Becla name of an Land south of Suva bese refuse. boto boat (Engl.) cegu take a break, rest. eila-va cila 'to shine, mostly of the Sun, moon-br tars'; trans. cilava cUdrucudru easy to loose temper -dratou 3rd person trial' -drau 3rd person dual dUna eel . gena demonstrative pronoun that usually epphatic' - kalou Spirit; kalou vu 'ancestral god.'; na Kalou 40od kati-a kati trans katia kaukauwa a-tr.-Ong, hard kawa descendant kede all, altogether lave-ta :lave 'raise, lift -'; trans. laveta mamaduR baShful,' shy nabu present of food brought t man who told tales shark rairai (1) aPpearance (2) it looks likte-0 or it seems revo, as in Vilavila_i revoIthe fire' walking ceremony' rogo hear, make a noise (of an engL spread, be_heard of (news be famous (of a person, or place)_'.; tranv_. rogoca taRa baR, ,00cket,.sack tini ten vaka-bulai set fire vaka-mamasu plead vaka-sasa tunt vaka-sigalevu mid-day meal- vaka-yakavi evening meal vatu stone veigaravi, dau attendant, servant; maid vilavila aV in Vilavila revo. See volavola wraiftg-- vucesa- lazy, id1e, worthless vuki turn, change' yalataka promise 10 FIJIA A i (Word order;- ga. ) I. I)la1cue to be memorized. A: Draki vinaka sera Very good weather today. gE nikua. ..VaRa-caVa Yes ow about you, where are iko; o lake Ii you_going today? vei nikua? NI eti ga na,gunu ti As soon as I have breakfast. au na aako ki na I'll,go to the garden. teitei. Au z gal lesug. I just-Came back from the.: ft:ai ha I teitei e garden yesterday. nanoa. A: 0 na laiki yei nikua? flere are you going to go today? , B: Au na via lake-mada I d like to m --r a fast t ip ga vaka-totolo to Lau oka first. Lautoka. A:, 0 na lesu mai e na What time wIll you conic back? vica'na kaloke? B: Au sega ni I don't know. If I can finish oti totele na what I'm going te de, I'll kE au na la'ki come back in the evening. cakava, au na leu mai e na yakavi. A: Au a via lake tale wanted to go to Lautoka, tee,. gE ki Lautoka, but it's been long since I've ia sa dada au sega been to my gatan. ni lesu mai na teitei. B: SE vinaka, au sa .K., I'd better go and get la'ki vaka-rau ready. mada me'u lake. Vinaka. 108 11.2 1. Ga., :directly followl ase, is unial, y transla e as tjust. Au sega ni rawata '1 just can't do i GE. 'also occurs wi h,various particles: tale gA 'also' Wale FA 'only' Sara 'very' 'each one, every' Dina ga as the first base ina- sequence, means_ 'in spite of ' . Fo- e)can.iple, E .d4na 6 ni .51rakii -ke.Xyd..0 a lako pite of .the bad weather, We still -went.' Ii vetition- drill. Au a 'mica gA e dud val rau. ,E se levu na tI, ia sR oti gA na sUka. Vaka-cava gR o iko o sega ni lako? Yale vinaka, nanuma ga me vaka-totolo mai.. . Au sega gR ni,kilR na cava e _A- yaco vud. Au nanuMa mo'u s4 wRwR. tiko gA 6 a. Tovolea gA na nbmu I gA taueoko mo rawata. E' segi gR n4 mdcala na cavae cudru kina. Au nanuma mo drau sa lako madra- ga 6.1cemudrau. Solia gR- vei au e dua.' , Expan. on. ,Cue Sentence . SR dodonu'. '.me lake sa dodonu Me gR SA dodonu me lake a. mai SR dodonu me'lko- 6 mal. e dua sa dodonu me lake 6 mai e dua. vei kemud sa dodonu me' lake gR mai e. dua vef kemudrau , Mb. Cue Senten Au sega ni nanuma. na yapan Au sega ni nanuma naTacana. 109 11. Au sega gA ni nanuma na-yacana. rawa Au 'saga a ni nanuma rawa na yacana. 'Au kin, la Au kilA,.ia. au .sega gR ni hapuma rawa na yacana. na kena rai al Au kila na kana rairai, ia au saga gR ni nanuma roma pa yacana. -Repatitlon drill. E rau kaPa taae gä. lakd tale ga mai na watina. Au'azaega tale, ca. Pl. raiei.keya. 'Axtsa saga tale ga ni tukuna vei TimoCi. Efdodonu.mo'lako Vale ga-, Au nuitaka-ni na'draki vinaka tale gã ni ma aka. 8a:9'U-tale ga na keda kakana. Taragi koya.tale ga. o vaka-totolo tale ga mai.o iko. MO kauta tale gB/mai na no_u I sale. V. Epansion. a. Cue. Sentence E na lako o koya.1,1 tale ga E na lako tale ga o ni mataka Ejla lako tale g 0..koya ni mataka. auvinakata Au vinakata me n4 lako.talega keya ni mataka. e na-mataka lailai Au vinakata me'nalako ga o koya e na mataka lailai ni mataka. Sentence Mo tiko:e lee. toVolaa' Tovolea mo tiko e ke. tale ga Tovoleatale ga mo tiko e ni bera na bo Toy-010a tale ga mo tiko e kA ni bera na bogi. ke rawa Ke ovolea V4,1e- ga mo tiko . . _ e ke ni bera na bogi. 1o VI. fi petitiondrill. g bai kau wale ga. .E levu wale kaha nona vosa. Mo nanuma wale gana ka au a tukuna vei ike. Kauta Wale 0 mai e'duapa i vesu Parega wale ga vua na cavd.e vinakata. , Sevelea wale game vaka-totele mai. Ke tap wale za Vaka-lailaiha uca. Ke R tike Wale Oe keo koya. Me sauma wale gae dua na.tare. Me nanuma wale 0na nomu vosa ni yalayala. VII. Expans'ion drill. Sentence Vaka-rautaka. darti Da u vaka-rautaka. na klikana Daru vakarautaka , wale-gR na kRkana-;--- .Daru vaka-rautaka wale 0na kakana. me rauta o rua Daru vaka-rautakawale gR na kUkana me rautae rua. na siga , Daru vaka-rautaka wale0. na kitkana meraute.'e ruana siga . VIIb. Pue n ence Nanuma. na neciu kerekere Nanuma na nequ karekere, . lwale gR Nanuma wale gRna negu kerekere p dedenu E dedenu'Menanuma wale 0 na negu-kerekere. nI e sa be a ni lake Ni o sa bera ni lakee dedenU me nanuma wale gN na-nequ Rerekere. VIII. Repetition drill._ E na vanua saragau R raici keya kina. E na gauna sara gRe R kacivi au kina. Au a,raica sara gR nakalokale.mata I 'alai. E I tau sarag vaka-levu nauca e na begi. if I 11.5 Voleka. ara gi_pa tini na kaleko-gai yaco malo koya. sa ded5 sara ga keiraujiai seta tale. Au sega sara ga: ni gal kunea tale-e duana kena Au sega sara gN-ni kilU pa cava n4 vuna. E R kaeivi tamana sara gE, o keya. E sega-sara g5 ni dua e kilã na vanuae tiko kna o koYa- , IX. Expansion drill. a. Otte Sentence .E E draki v(p. mat L,autoka ,E 5 draki v_naka mai autoka sara ga E R.draki, vInaka sara gN mai Lautoka. ' e na siga Vakar.aubuka E R draki vinaka sara- g5-mai Lautoka e na siga Vakaraubuka. ni mHcawa SR eti E a draki vinakasara, g5 mai Lautoka e na siga VakaraubUka Pi m5cawa sa eti. IXb. due Sentence E a solia o Jone e dua na s te E A solia'o,Jcine p dua,na sote. vei au E A solia vei au.o Jene e dua na sote. !. .e na levu ni nena marau E a selia vet au'oJone e dua nasote e na levu ni nona marau. . sara ga E A solia sara-gn vei au o Jone dua,.na sote e na levu ni nena Marau. X. RePetition. Me ra lake kece Eã mai na gone lalai. Me ratou eakacaka kece gA ni mataka. ,E dodonu me nanuma e pa veigauna kece gA. Mo kauta-kece gA mai na kena o raica. Me ni tiko kece gR e kb' ni mataka. Me ni raici au kece g5 e liu. Na vii ni niu kece gU oq e nona o koya. O ira kece gU na gone eqb na luvena. Dou tovoleakece g. me dou tetolo m4i. 112 E vinaka me-kauta kece gR mai na nomumo o._ 11.6 XI. Expan- on d__ a. Cue Sentence E I tau nauoa. e na veisiga E R tau.na kece gA uoa e na E R tau nauoa e na veisiga e na mRoawa sR. oti E R tau nauca e_na veisiga kece gR. e na mIcawa Vaka-levu sR oti. E b... tau vaka-levuna ucke na veisiga keoe gRe pa mIcawa sR oti. xIt Cue Sente Lesu. e dodonu E dodonu mo lesu. mai nI dodonu mo lesu mai ;E dodonu mo nI iesumai. *ece gR E dodonu mo nI lesu-kece e na duA-na gauna E dodonu mo n1 iesukece 0 mai ena dua_na gauna. XII. RepetItIon. E ddna ga ni ratou R rogoca-, IaeratouR.sega ni vaka-bauta.. E dma gA ni'u s tukuna vei raul ia mai. e rau Td.sega ni-kauta. E A yaco dina gã E dina gR ni tamatalailai o koya, sR duana levu. ata kana Au na,lako dina gani Mataka E dina gE n_draki.o5, 0 R. rawa Vinaka gãna coqa SA ievu dina'ggna uoa e na vanua ocia. Sa dina_ gffna kR au 5 tukuna vei iko. E.dina gd.pi s5(=lase o koya,' k5kua ni kIla E dina gE ni draki leca vua. vinaka nikua, esega gni draki vinaka ni siwa. XIII. Expansion. 113 11.7 Cue Senence E a levu na uea. e na macawa sã.oti_ E a levu na uca e na mdcawa. sãoti. : sR dina gE ni E sa dina ga ni a levuna uca e .ha macawa sR oti. ia e R,rawa na cakaeaka E sa dina ga hi a levUna uca e na mRcawa-sE oti, ia e R rawa na eakacaka. Vinaka ga sa dina ga n. R levu, na uca e n4 mReawa sR oti, 1A e a rawa yinaka gR.na eakacoka. nelrau E sa dina ga ni Rlevuna uca e na macawa sa ati., la e E rawa vinaka gR na neirau cakacaka Cue . Sentence SR sega.dina ga; nimaeala, sa pega dina gR ni macala na,caVa e Lianatikoj SR_ sega dina gã ni macalana Cava e manati koya. ni-sega ni bau muria ra SR sega dina gR uae1a na vosa cava e manat oya a ni, bauv.mur a_vosa. nei,clase nivuli SR sega,dina 0 hi macaa na cava e.manati koya ni'sega ni bau muria'na vosa4lei clase ni. vuli. XIV. Repetltionl E fta lako ki Suva a koya ni mataka. E na lake o koya ni mataka ki Suva. 1. The order of many phrases in Fijian i_not fixed, but can vary according to whieh'phrase should bpemphasized. The.emphasis is produced by shiftingthe phrase to the beginning orthe sentenee. Compare this to English, which uses stress emphasis. 114 11.8 :some of the folloWing drills, the different word orders.are presented asanswers to different qUestions.. Note that for some shlfta,particularly that of topic-to the beginning of the sentence-, the intonationchanges. Where.posible,,these are marked bycommas. -0 koya, e na lAkp ki Suva nimatakaL. O koya, e na-lako ni'matakaki Suva . NImataka, e na lako kina ki Suva.°koya. Ni mataka, e na lako kina.okoya ki. Suva. XIVb. E a tiko mai Suvao Samu e na macawa sa_oti. O Samul e a'tiko,mal Suva-ena macama sa oti. E na macawa sa oti,e a tiko kind mai Suva o Samu. Mc. -E n4 via la'ki cakacaka kiVatukoula-na tamana- e ha yabaki- mai oc16. . N4 tamana, e na via la'ki 'cakacakaki Vatukoula ena yabaki mai 6q6. E na yabakt mai oci6,e na via laiki cakacaka kina ki Natukoula na tamana. XlVd. E na tiko e!k'Ja Sald_ni bera na bogi. , 0 Sala, e natiko e ke ni ber'a_nabogi. Ni berk na bogi, e na tikoe ke to Sala. XIVe. E -raunar _ u tale mai e-jla vul na lean tale-mai e na vula c )4-0 _rau O rau, rau na....lesu,t;ale maie na vula oMe E na Vula o Me, e raupa tae mai kina. XV. -Ques_i ns andiltiswer,s. a. Sentence: E na lakd ki,Suva o koya ni mataka. O cei e ha lakolci Suva ni mataka? O koyal e na lako ki Suva nimataka. E vet- e na lako kindo koya ni mataka? E na iako ki Suvao koya ni mataka. 1 1 5 3.1.9 Na. cava e na cakavao koya .ni mataka? E na lako ki Suvao koya ni mataka. E naica e na lake kinaa keya Id.. Suva? Ni. mataka, e na lake kinae keya ki Suva. )(Vb.Sentence.: sa oti.E a tiko. maSuva,o Samu e na _-Nca _a 1.0 cei 6 a tiko mai Suvae .na macawa i? 0 Samu, e a tiko mal. Suvae na macawa sa oti. ,E vei .e _ ti-ko kinao, SamU'e na_macalaksa' E a tiko-mai, Suva0 Samu e na macawa ea oti* Na cava. e cakava o SaMu e rLa macawa sa oti? _ a tiko rnal Suvao S.amu'e na macawa soti. E -naica e aIke) kina o Samu mai Suva?. 'E na macawa e tiko kina, 0 Samu mai Suva. Sente _E au a,iwata e dua na ika levu VIliamekel Jone mai na uciwal ena bogi . O cei siwatae dUa na ika levu mai na uciwai bogi? e na O rat.; o Viliame kei Jone-erau i siwata -e dua na ilezt levu mai na uciwai ,e na bogi. 2.E vei erau a siweta kinae dua na ika levu a rau VIliame kei -Jane e.na bogi? Mai na uciwaiMai na uciwaierau a siwata .kina e dua na_ ika leviu o raua Vi1iame .kei .Tone e na bogi. Na cva.erau cakava o Viliame- kei Jane e na bogi? ma i na uciwai Erau a siwata 6 dua na ika levuo. Viliame kei (Tone mai na uciwai. e na bogi. E, naica erau siwata k±naè düa na -1ka levu map. Pa o Viliame kei Jone? E na bogi erausiwata kina e dua na ika levu mai ,'na .uciwai a rau 'o Vili'aiine kei jone XVd. Sentence:Au a la'ki von ika kipa makete nikua. 1.0 bei a voli 4ka ki na makete nikua. R lalki von ika Id. na maketenikua.- 116 .1.10 E vei 4).5 la'ki voli ika cina nikua? 'Ulna mRketegi na makete au n lafki youIka kinanikua. Na cava o Vcakava nikua? 'Au 511a'ki voli ika ki na mäkete -E naica o R la'ki veil ika kina kina makete? Nikua au E'laski voli lkkina ki na makete. XVe. Sen ence: Na Bull e na:dolava na bose mai na koro e na siga Vukeluiu mai oqb. ,0 cei,e na dolava-.na bose mai na koro ena siga Vukeluiu mai oq5?, e na:delava na loose mai na koro e nasiga _Vukelalu mai oq5.- 2. E vei,e na dolava kina na base na Buli-ena siga Vukelulu mal eqT? Mai na koro/Mai na koro e na.dplava kinana bose na Buli e na Alga Vukellau mai oq5, Na cava e na la'ki cakava na Bull ki'na koro ena siga -VUkelulu tai dc15? E na la'ki_dolava na Bull na bose 'mai na-koroe nth. siga Vukelulu mai oq5. E naica e na dolava kina na Bull na bose mai na koro* E na siga Vukelulu mai oqb e na dolava kinana bose mai na koro na Bull. XVI. Rebpond4ith the cue a the first phrase _n the sentence, E Sentence- .CUe_ _ BnalakoklSuvaokoyanl mataka. ni mataka Ni mataka, e na lako kina ki Suva:,,o koya. koya. 0 koya, e na lako ki Suva ni mataka. E na lako ki Niu'Slladi o Jona- e daidai. o .Tone. e daidai # 4 117 E a raiea na taCiqu.na nodra- tou waqa e nanoa. e,nanoa na taciu E na tiko mal Nad 0 klaya ni bera na tolU na kaloko. o koya ni bera na tolu na kalok E na solia na clase dua na veitarogi e na siga Vakaraubuka na (=lase ni vuIi e na siga vakaraubuka XVII. Talanoa. a mast ,Na masl e sega nicvaka-yagataki wale ga-e-Viti e. kilai tale ga najcena yaga e-na veiyatu yanuyanu tale,e si3 e na masa PaATika. Na yacana kilai ievu ga nattapa E dina ga-h0Caka pa masi e na sa ea na tiki 1,111U/time vaka mai:Vatulele kei Lau, ia e vaka-yagataki e na Veiyaaa keee.gL E levtu .ra gã na ka e.yaga kina-naba013, e vaka-yagdtaki me I lati ni vale, taunamu ka i.ubi tale ga ni I moeemoce'.- E-yaga tale ga na masi e nasocio ni vake-mau kei na mate, tx0 p vica gE na kena yaga.: raici rawa:v ka ni masi sa dua,na tyauyaea.vaka-levui, seea wale ga e Viti e vakE tale ga kina e na-r'veiyanuydnu e na Paslfika me-vakE mal Samoa kef Toga. j 7 Questions. 1. Na yaea eava_e kilai raraba kina na / 2. Tukuna mada e dua,na tikI Vitie caka kina na 3. Na-eava e rua na yaga ni masi o kila? 4. Na vanua cava soti e vakayagataki kind na Na cava e kilai levu kina'na_maal? Tukuna.ada e_dua ña yanuyanu e na-Pasifika e dau eaka ale gE kina na masi. 118 11. 2 XVIIl. Vocabul .bai fence bzu adv.- prqceding yerb to sof en the expression- dina 6 (1) in spite of,although (2) truly, really'. dola-va dola 'to.open'; trans.- dolava el, i t-.1 'do with earnestness,to be eagerl'; i_va 'earnestness when actually doing it' kalokalo ,tar, kece g76- all, without exceptio .everyone kerekere request . lalai- plural-form of lailai- small' latl enclose, intercept from sight; i lati'a- curtain, screen'i trans -.latia leca lostt missing., undertain, mistakenly -mana- a mane. 'supernatural pOwer manata lafitedLby., of a-disease' masi cly a tree, the paper mUlbery (2) the cloth madefrom this tree . 7.) cloud: raraba_ widely sara za . (1). very,. self-same4.e_acLly, actually;_(2)-T.T,ot.ev-nH au-ma sau'irepay, answer aqUestion'; -7Erans. sauma- ___-- . soti a particle modifying a'negative tapa . general Polynesian name-for the cloth.madefrom the paper ,mulbe.ry tree taunamu mosquito net teitei, i garden ti tea (Engl.) , 0.1-.J.i a cover, cloak; ubi 'covel vaka:Mau,- marriage , Vatuiele name CT' An-island-off the South Coast of Viti Levu...... ,._ 'veigauna' at all times,.always (plural)- veitarogi inquiry, exaMination veiyasa as' in veiyasa4. Viti: 'parts of Fiji-; yp,sa 'a side, a place, vesu, i as in i vesuAalo ta bundle of.taro' Vukelulu Wednesday. vuna reason, cause yaiayala promise ya.u& .i zood- alth, riches,possess 119 12.1 FIJIAN A I. ka tini ka rua n1,13soni. (Comparison; poasession) I. D1altgue to be mern rized 0 col .na nona waqa Whose boat is that? oya? . B: Oya na waga ne That's Simon's boat-. Saimone. wag.- vinaka. ina. It's really a good boat Ia, e sega ga ni But it's not as fast as the totolo me vaka na boat of the brothers,..John. nodrau waqana and Mark. veltaoini o jone kei Marika. He e, cei_ mean 'whose .2. :Nei is a genitive Used withproper baaes. Its use corresponds to that of nI. For example, Na vale ni kuro _Na vale net Tomas, . As with the other Possessives, thereare specla for edible and drinkable objects: Na dalo kel Pita .The use of the k- frms is extended beyond edibles.to refer to qual.ities of Person or object: kena balebale j-s meaning,- -ena ',thenews -of (about) Sala ' / For inalienables, that is the forms that take the suffixed poSsessives/ -i is usd when the possessor is nafied: Na tama Na ulu i Mosese 12.2 Vaka-cava na nomUdou HOW about your boat? waqa? 13: Na neitou waqana Our boat is the fastest, but 'waqa totolo duadua, e hoat of'those,two brothers ia nanodrau'waqa can carry a 7,ot of passengers. gd na.veitacini oy5,-e rawa ni vodo kina e leVu na tamata. .A: E dina e? Ts. that- right,--? Lako mai me'u vaka- Come along so that Ican show -raitaka vei iko. you how fas -Our boat Is. -na kena totoloma ,neitou waqa. A: Sa vinaka. II.- ftepetitiOn. Na'noqu'vale e levU cake maina nomu,vale. NanOdrau waqs.Ye total° cake maina waqLnei Saimone. Na noqu waqa e levU.,eake,nakena i usana maina nona waqa. E. balavu cake na taciqu mai Vei iko. cAkla nomu vale esega nilevu me vaka na noqu. Na maga nei'Saimone e sega ni totolo me vanna nod_ au 'waqa na veitacini oy76.7. Nanonamaqae:Sega nf levu na kena Iusana me vaka na.no '0 iko'Osega ni balavume yak& na 'taciqu. III. Substitution. Gue Sentence Na hoqu vale e levu cakemai na nomu vale. non a. Na nona vale e levu cakemai na nomu vale. , nodrau neimami Duadua is one way of showingcomparIson. It means 'most-.beat'. 1 2 1 12 neirau. nodra nodratou neitou IIIb. *C_ue Sentenc Na nona valee levu cake mai na nomu vale. noqu Na nona..valee levu cake mai na noqu vale. .nodatou neiraU 9 nomudou nodaru neimami .nomudrau .noda _neitou nomunI,' Mc. Cue Sentence Na noqu-waqae totolo cake, mai na nomu waqa. levu Na noqu waqae levu cake mana vinaka nomu-waqa. savasava cagina totoka. loma levu IIId. Cue Sentence Na nodrau valee sega ni levu me vaka na vale nai Samu. Na nodrau valee sega.ni cb ka akata me vaka na vale noi Samu. (410 * osooso 122, 12.14 turu_ makawa Me. Cue Sentence Na kena utoe dreu cake maina kemu. kemu-kena Na, kemu uto-e dreu cake maina kedra-keciu kemudrau-keirau kegu-kemuni ikeda-kena' kedatou-kedratou kemudou-keitou keimami-kedrau kemuni-,keimami kedaru-kedratou "If. Cue Sentence E levu-cakeo koya nia vei iko. lqa.e- E (lase cake balavu o koya mai vei iko. kaukauwa yalo vindka miMadua vinaka levulevu totolo qaseqaSe mamaqI Cue Sentehce E lailai sobuna tinamu mai vei :tinaqu. gone . E gone sohuna tinarnu mai vei tinaqu. malumalu u lekaleka 193 12.5 berabera ca' IIIh. Variable STht. Cue Sentence Na nomuTwaqa e totolo cake. mai na nodra waqa. balavu Nanomu waqa e balavu cake mal nanodra,waqa. no- leimami Na nona waqa e balavu cake mai.. naneimami waqa. yanuyanu Na nona yanuyanu e balavu cake Mai na neimami yanuyanu ika Na kena ika 6 balavu take mai- na keimathi ika. kana vinaka, Na kena ika ekana vinaka cake mai-na-keimami ika. kequ-kedra, Na kequ ika e kana .vinaka cake mai na kedra ika. kakana Na kequ'kakana e kana vinaka . cake mai kedra,kakana-. levu Na kequ- Mena e levu cake mai na keCra kakana. koro Na noqu koro e 1 fv1... cake mad n4 nodr4 kyr°. yawa. Nalioqu koro e yawa cake mai na nodra koro. \ nodrau-nona Na nodrau kord eiyawa ca e mai na none_ koro. i teitei', Na nodrau 1. teitei e.yawa cake mai na nona i teitei. bulabula Na nodrau I teitei ebulabula cake.Mai na_nona I teitei. 'IV. Repetition. E.levti:na nodrau koro ka lailai, 9a nomUdrau .E yawa na noqu yanuyanu ka voleka na nomu yanuyanu. E saVasavI na nomulcoro ka duka na-nodrau koro. E eagina vinaka na nomudou vale ka katakata na neitou vale. E .totolo na nodra waqa ka berabera ha'noda-waqa. 4. Juxtaposition of two items is one way of showIng com- parison between them. A sentence of 'the type A is good and B is bad, can be translated, A is better than B. 124 12.6 kana.vinaka na kemuni dal() kaRana ea na keimami dale. E gone yalo rnZ.lu na luvomu ka-gono yalo kaukaumana luvena. E batabatA na nomunivanua ka katakata na noqu vanua. V. _ ubstl_ . Cue Sentence E levu na nodratou koroka lailai na nomudou koro. v51eka-yema E valeka na nodratou koro ka yawa na nomudou koro; duka-savasava eaginav1nia-kataJcata suasua-mEmaea osooso-galala draki vinaka-dra] e76_ batabatH-katakata raistrama7dredr6 raba-giqa balavu-lekaleka VI. lepotit1on. a. E dua na waqa totolo.' E duana 'maga totolona nona waqa. E duana waqa totolona nona_maga o Timoci. E dua na maga totolo namaga nei Timoci. E dua na waqa totolo na nodrau waqa o Tirnoci kei Mrika. VIb. E kana vinakanatavioka. -E kana vinakana kerVa tavioka. E kana vinakana kena,tavioka o Samu. E kana vinakana tavioka kei Samu. E kana vfnakana kedrau tavioka o Samu kei Jone. VIC. gunuvinaka na wai ni moli. E.gunuvinaka na mena wai ni'moll. E gunuvinaka_na mena wai ni moli, o-Tomu. E gunUvinaka na wai hi moli mei Tomu. E &nuvinaka na medrauyai ni mollo Tomu kel Viliame. 125 1. no ca dodonu. ca?. ' - bainvu? :=11.11:n :=cama e Va k1 fr. Lltution. Sentence E -avasava na nodrau le nelNor E savasava na vale nel Mere. .nodrau vale Sanu kci 4. 0 TImoci ntrauC,pau vale kei Marika neirau ale no..tou vale o ratdu amu, kci Marika val ni kana nodrau waqa nocauravouj nc(!rau na cauravou Jone Sent Ociö -ha tavako kei MEn teat tOVZtkU Oqb na kedratou tavako, na mono rourou no roarou,mel Mere na tavako'kei tina U. na nodrau valc na vibac1nl o Jone kei Samu na LI tavako 6 Manoa no'01.1nDU mei tamamu na tavako ni tara vale na nua ni teitei nei Ana 126 12.8 :VIIc. Variab ii nequ Vanua. n1 tcAtei Oya na noqt vanua ni nona Oyd na-nona vanua ni teitei. _o SaiMone Oy na nona vanuani teitei Saimone. rieiSalm- Oya navanua ni teiteirid Saimeno. yuUc a Oya na vuaka kei Saimone. mago 'Oya na vlago Mel Saimone. -medrau OyA na medrau maqo. o Pita ke Oya na medrau maqofp Pita kei TImoci. o taciqu Oya na mena maqoo taciqu. mei taciqu Oya na maqo mei:taciqu. madrai Oya na madrai kei.taciqu. vanua Oya na vanua nei taciqu.' hodratou Oya na nodratouvanua. o Jono, Marika',kei Samu Oya na nodratouvanua-o ratou 0 Jona,,Marika, kei Samu.o y111. Talanoa. Ko Viti e wasevaka-titt ka vi. Na i.wasewase oq0 yacana na yasana. E s6 na yasana e levu cake'mai na s5 tale na yasana; mevak.taka nd Yasana ko Ba e Levu cake mai na Yasana k- Rewa. Na I Liuliu ni Yasanana Roko Tui se Roko. E wasewase vaka-lani na yasana; _ -aka-tau e na levu ni yasana, ka yacana na iwasewase oq6 na tikina. liutaka na tikina na Euli. Na keno_ vaka-tauta vatae rauta a va na tikina ena dua na ya--a. Na levu -hi e na dua na tikina e sega ni tautauvata;na Tikina ko Bau levu cake na koro e tiko kina maina Tikina ko Wainibuka, dina,ga ni levu cake na i yalayalani vanua ni Tikina-ko Wainibuka=mai na Tikina ko Eau. E 1 utaka na koro na tUruga ni koro. E s na koro e levu cake mai nao tale 127 12.9 na koro ka duidul na lovu ni tamata era iko-ina. Questio .1. E vica na levu tauCoke ni y4sana e Vit 2. Na cava e levu na yasana se na tikina? 3. E lailai sobu na Yasana o Ba mai na Yasana o Rewa? 4 0 cei na I Liuliu ni Yasana? Na.tikina cava e Ievu na I wiliwili ni koro e tiko kina na Tikina o Bau se na Tikina o Wainibuka? 6, 0 aei na Bull. 7. E vaka-evel e dau vaka-tau na I wiliwili ni tama a e tiko e na dua na_tikina mai na levu ni tikina? 8. E i'Liuliu ni Tikina n4 TUraga ni koro?_ 9. Na cava e,levu duadua na yasana, na tikina se- na koro? 10. E raUtae vica na tikina e na dua na yasana? IX. Vocabulary berabera- slow bulabula healthy bulibuli, I built,_form cake as a particle after the base used in comparing: 'more than, greather than' cere high drEdre difficult hard duidui different duka dirty levulevu stou'c, fat liuliu, a leader, a commander, 1 cede.' loma levu spacious malumalumu weak mamaqI stingy qaseqase (1) dwarfish, small for one age (2) old, cunning deceitful qlqc5 narroW raba (1) wide .(2) thick rawarawa easy Rewa the name of a ?rovince Roko, Roko Tui administrative head of a province se whether, or sobu (1) down, downwards, as,v., de&cend, come down, go ashoe from a canoe . Tikina administrative division of a province tautaUvata equal, even, level, similar totoka pretty, handsome, dashing, yleasailt turu I drip,drop (liquids) 12.10 'ysana, cargo, load uto breadfruit vaka-lalai in little oUs-, plural form of vakalailai vaka-taka resemll bc like vaka-tau depending on yaka-tautauvLa e4ually with, by comparison veitaulni (I) siblings (2) children whose fathers are siblines; children whose mothers are siblings vaka-tini ka va fourteen times wase divide; i_wasewase yalo malua gentle-hearted-; Valo soult; malua. 'gently; slowly' 129 1 13.1 J : A i ka tini ka t-)lu (Di I. Dialocue. A: 0 eei e lako tti oyd? Who Is going over there? B: E o koya e lako Where, the one hat goieg on tiko oy5 e yasa ni the side of e ch? vale ni-lotu? A: 0 koya.e liu tiko tr-4 The one tha''s in front of vel rau, sega ni two, not the one followin, keya e muri tiko behind. mai. B: 01,,keya e taura tiko Oh, the one that carrying the ha i sele. 0y5", knife. That'.. Aviuta. Aviuta. ,E rairai'e s5..lesu He mus-t have e back already beka mai.Lautoka. fromLautoka. directienals fall into-everal diff_rent classes: 1. Some directionaIs operate like bases, in thatthey occur after directional markers. Note the similarityof patterning in the following: E a .1,ako ki. SUva 'He went to Suva E a lako ki vef 'Where did he go E a lake ki ra 'He went-down E a lake kJ. FEke 'He went up.' 2. The members.of another class are related to fIrst, second, and third-person pronouns,'in the sense that they refer to ',laces near each of these persons. Eg. eqb 'by me'; eciori 'by you'. 0 5 i- similar to ker -but the former can mean c ose with ispeet to time, as well as place. 10 13.2 11. f4reetiona1 (opTocativc!o) used. v.rith ki _1kers e, a. Rc.pctitlon. Mo biuta tu e kfT? rlemU Leave your l_Eagehere. . 7ful e Stand here. e na nogukI. My key was lost 0 vei e tiko e kO? Who's if.n hero? Lako tanl mal e Go away from here Ilb. Substitution. Cue Sentence Cici mai i lako Lako mai i k7e. toso biuta olia tokia Iic. Repetition. Mo bi-kALa ti e,kerlna Leave yoUr lugEaGe _nomu 5 y-AyTt. keri. Stand there E a yali e kerina noqu My key was lost there. . kI. cei e tiko e keri? Who's in there? a Lako tani mai-e keri. Cd away from there. IId. Subs tution. Cue Sentence Cici yani I keri. lake -Lako yani I keri. toso biuta solia ,tokia -Repetition. Mo-biuta tii e keya-na Leave y :Luggage there. nOmu I yaya., 131 TU e kc!ya. Stand thOise. Ei yali e,.keyo na noqu My key there, -0 eel a tiko Who't; in thci.c?. Lako tani e keya. Go ay from there. hTf. Subztituf;ion,.. = Cue SentenCe Cici yani i,keya. lako Lako yani i keya. toso biuta 4 solia tokia te hig. Repetition. Kauta mai ki lomana Bring your ,luggagernsi 'nomu I yaya. Reino moria 4,44 e,,q411-4. 44,4 look foi, vale. 11., inside. Na cava o a la'ki Whatdid:you go and do cakava e'loma? inside? Lako mal loma. Come inside., Wawa tiko e loma. !Wait inc,ide. CUru ki loma. 'Enter. Kauta .mai tuba,na n _mu Bring your luggage yaya; outside. Raica mada-e tuba. 'Look for itoutside. Na caVa o a la'kicakava What did you e tuba? tr,o and do cutsi Lako mai tuba. Come outside. Wawa tiko e tuba. Wait outside. 11h. ,uesti)n and answer. ie sti on Cue An6wer E vei na tanoa? lomani vale' E tiko e loma nivale. E -vei a tinamu? tuba E tiko e tuba. E lako I vei? tuba Au lako i tuba. E ratou mace lomani rumu E loma ni rumu. tikO e vei? kauta I vei loma,ni Au a biutwe loma ni na I yaya? lalvato . kbvate. 132 13.11 M 'u kana e vel? loam vale Karla e lona ni va E vei na gone? tuba E tfko e tuba, Me'u lake i tuLg tuba. Metu vakasagar6 lom:A lc Vaka-6agara loma ni e. vel? vale. Me'u vaka-sagar tuba ka-sagarn e tuba. e vei? Me'u Icaut.I voi? - ta mai I loma ni yale. Me'u kauta I -vel? ba Kauta.yani i tuba. Repa -ition. Biuta na cina e (na) dela ni tEveli. Na cava o cakava tlko e (na) dela nivale? Au_ si biuta tiko nala: e (na) dela nIkZvate. Vaka-raica e (na) dela ni-cakau. Samake:mada na dela niwaqa. Biuta na cina e Ia).ruku ni tEveli. Na cava o cakava tiko.e (na) rukuni vale? Au sa biuta tikona ki e (na) ruku ni k-c5v4e. Vaka-raica e (na) ruku ni cakau. Samaka-mada n4 ruku ni waqa. IIj. Cumulative drill. 'Cues given mo_ions and picture onblackboar Q4es_:_ion An ler E47. tiko e vei 0. koya? Sd tiko loma ni vale o koya. kU keri ken ruku ni va e tuba dela ni. vale Sãc:ci ki vei o TZmasi? Sa,lako rnai vei o koya? Repetition. Kabata mada cake e Clipb up f-r aco nut (plea dua na niu. Laveta mai e cakena Lift your foot up. yavamu. Babe e cake Sit on t p. A.t down on a chair.) Vosa mai e cake. Speak up. Solia mai ki ra e sb Pass some of those c conu down. na niu 133 Biutu id no:px kato Place your undernea Dabc c ra. Sit down. Vosa Don't .spf2 Jd o JDud . T050 mai Novedown te.x bttoi t kl llu_ ea nomu Bring your luggage up to the I yayg, front. Kauta nial e Itu nu 1-10inU Bring your ggage fl 1. ygya. Dau rai kt Always look (straigh.) draiya. when you drive. Dau ral e ltu ni. bera- Always look first before, y ni o draiva. drive. Me ra lake mai ki a.Au Let the children come up i na gone.= front. ,Me ra lako nal e llu na Let the children come over gone. Mo gal i 4 muri Then bring your luglia na nomu ni,oti back after that: -Mo gal ka ta mai e murt Then bring your luggage later) na nomu 1 Taya, ni oti after that. ogori. C kacaka e liu qal saumi Work fir,,t, then pay later. Dau rat tiko ga eliu, Always look forward; never lakua ni rai,kimuri. look back. Me ra lako mai kimuri Let the children come to the na gone. back. Me ra qai lako mal e Then let the children c mUri na gone. later. III t Ion alswithout preceding particles. petition. Review of the personaldirectionalsi oq-6,ociori and oya. 0 cei nanona ± ya, Whme luggage is .th Kauta ocie5 yua. Take this to him. Na_cava ocle? What's this'? 00 na noqu mot(); This Is my spear. 0-cei e solta ocia vet Who-gavethls to-you? 0 eel na nona I yaya 1,41-1oe lu gage is that? ogori? Kauta ogori.vua. Take him. Na-cava ogortl 1.14at it? Ogori na nomu mete, That's. youth spear. 0 eel e-solia.Ogori v- WhO.gave that.to i$co? .134 6 0 eel na nona I ydYtY oya? Whose lue;ga-- Rauta oya Take that to him. Na eava oyau. What' s tht? 0y71 na nona mot°. Thatt's his f;peal. 0 -cel e solia oya voi Who gave that to hir? koya?-- Mb. Variable Cue Syr-ence O cei na nona vava qB? tavako 0 eQinakenatavako oqZ? Yaciona O cei amenayagona oq-o? oqorl O ceipamenayaqona ociori? moto O eelnanonamoto oqori? i tele 0 ceinanonai tele ogori? oqb 0 eeinanonaisele oya O eelnanona sele oya? Repe ition. Lako nal vei au. Come over to O cei e R kauta mai? Who brought Solia g4 mai e due.. Give me one only. O lako mai vel? Where do you cbme from? Vaka-toto3n mai vu4. Come over quickly to him. Lako yani vu4. Go over to him, 0.cei e A kauta yani? Who brought it over(th Sella g4'yani e dua. Give.one only. O A lako yani vaka-cava? How did you come over? Vaka-totolo Yani vuE. Go over quickly to him. Lako-tani.1 Go away. O cei e 4 kauta tanii Who took it away? Lako tani mai vu4. Go-away .from him. Lako tani yani vuR. Go away-to him. Vaka-tOtolo tani. Go away quickly. Although both yaiiland tarii. refer to direction away from the speaker, tani is less specific at to pla 13 13 7 hId -Cumulat 1. Cue "ent-1c Icey a. key tike keyi o koya. ,ake tike cake'.6 kf4a. yei 0 Tiu tuba mUri Lake kl tuba. loma Lake ki loma. keyn Lakn ki keya. delana 0 keri cake 'kpansien. Sentence Lake. mai Lako,mai.. .tani Lake tani mai. . . -vaka-tetele Lako tani mai vaka-totole. keya 'Lake tani mai keya vaka-totele. Sara Lako tani -ara mai keya vaka- 'tetplo: kike Lako tani sara mai keya'vaka-, totelo kike MO Molako.,tani sara Mai keya vaka- totelo ki ke. 1. Some words appear in the followIng drills, that have not occurred in the preceding exerci es. They refer to directions., but are less like partie es and more like lexi- cal items. The list is open-ended and includes the Fijian.: _ terms for 'left', 1right'-, compass directions, etc: The, student may elicit such new vocabulary as needed. 13 6 Ci ci vaka. ociori ci val: a ogori vei Salim Ci ckvaka -000ri vet S amu yani Ci civalca yani ociori e dua vet Samu Ci.civakh, yani e au oclori. vet - Samu. niaka CecivakaIanie dua na kaoqori vei Sanu. Rai ca 6 vale. loma ni Raica 6 loma nivale. -e na, dela t6ve ai.c a e loma ni Valee na de_ a nItUveli . na.tavako Rai ca p loma ni Valee na dela, ni,tdveli na tavako. ' kevakd ko 6' Kevaka o raicae loma ni vale - e.na dela ni tEveli na tavako. 1kauta mai Kevakd'o mica, e loma ni vale . e na dela ni tdveli na.tavako0 kauta 'vet au Kevaka o raica e.lomani vale ella dela ni tEveli na tavako, kauta mai vei'au. Variable Slot. - Cue Sentence Kauta maie,dua oqori ki tuba. ki ra _Kauta mai e dua oqoriki'rd. cThiva Cicivaka mat e dua oqori. ki wai ki-ra. Cicivaka mai e dua ogorikJ' wai. kE Cicivaka mai, e dua oqori na moto' ki kE, Dicivaka mai na moto oqoriki kE. keyä Cicivaka Mai na moto ociori y ani ki keyR. Cicivaka yani na moto oqoriki keyd. oc176 Cicivaka yaniQna moto ociö vei rau ki keya. QJ-civaka yani .na moto oci5 vetrau. na pakete tavako Cicivaka yani na pdkete tavako oci-6 vei rau. 1 7 fe 13.9 es Cue o ;.; _ten mada yani e loma ni vale na dela ni tuveli Vaka-rnica mada yanl e dela ni . tEvoli na i lavo Vaka-raica mada yani e de)ani . tEveli.na-i )47. ,biuta Biuta nada yani dela ni tvclIna o. Mai Biuta mada rnai e \dcla ni tUvoli na lavo. kena ve5-' 'BAuta mada Mai e1ela ni tGveli -,na.kena.v5. We7 Biuta Mada mai e k6 na kena vb. solia Solia mada mai e k7e na7kene va. , ki liu Scala mada.mai ki liu na kena-v5. moto Scala mar_Thl mai ki liu na moto. yani Solia mada yani- ki liu na moto. 3e. Cue Sentence Biuta na dina e n4 ruku nitvei dela, Biuta na eina e na dela ni t6yeli. k3vate Biuta na eina e na dela ni lOvate. kaloko Diuta na kaloko e na ddia ni k3vatc. -loma Biuta na kaloko e na loma ni kavate. vale Biuta na kaloko c na loma ni vale. kato Bluth na kaloko e na loma ni kato. maroroya Maroroya na kaloko-e na loma ni kato. tabua Maroroya na tabua e na loma ni kato. boto Marovoya na tabua e na boto.ni kato. vunia Vuhia na tabua e na boto ni kato. IV, Questlon, Cue Etuonse 'u bluta,c v-i e loma Mo bluta e loma na noqu na nomu A 5,-6.yR7 ylly=5 13.10 waraki au tiko e tuba E warak_ iko tik- e e vel'o koya? tuba. E veina noqu 'Oya na YaYA? E vei na noqu mata 00 na nomu -ata hello. Iloilo? Me' u e vet'? -Mo tEl e Na ika eava .Na ika ovri au vin: ata . vinakate Me'u biuta e vei? 40 biuta ek. Na yasana eava Tukuna vua me qara I liu. tukuna vua me- qara kina? O a biuta e vei e ruku ni Au biuta na eina e na eina? tEve* ruku ni E dabe tiko e vei e muri E dabe tiko e mUr o koya? ,koYa. Me'u lako I vei? mai vei au Lako mai vei au. O biuta e vei e na dela ni Au a biuta na nomu ki na-noqu Id? vata na dela ni vata. E vei na noqu oqo 00 na nomu I viu. viu? Me'u kauta ki vei ki cake Kauta ki_ cake na ka na,ka,oq6? oqori. Me'u- dabe e vei? ra Dabe e ra. 139 V. Talanoa. Na k clvf nr-voru Rauta e l ma sagavulu vaka--caca nalcova koi Suva, e ciLri koto kina na yanuyanu davu. E na yanuyanu oqo e tiko kina na koro 'ko Namuana. koro ko Nauana e vcileka sara-e bati,ni wai. E -1 koro oqp, e toka kiha e dua na delana. Ni da tn- elana, e-rawa .n3 da rai ki na vualiku se ki na .deva, na delana gona oq6, rauta/o 1L4 na di lima agavulu rua na drau na fiti mai dela w c ra,dau kdol_va vonu o ira na marama i. NaMuana.- Ni ra sa dau sogo elana oq3 o ira na marama era sa qai Mai vudulkoto yani . da rai ta, era sa qai %rude yaduduai cake mai kii dela ni, a. na vonu., Na kacivi vaka-oqi5 ni!vonu e dau daka tale ga e na,ko o ko Nacamaki e na yareuyanU ko Koro. Na yanuyanu ko Koro e koto ki na tokaiau kei.. Viti -Levu e na yatu Lomaliti. -tionh. I. Cavuta e duana yanuyanu e dau kacivi kinan!avonu. tiko e vei na yanuyanu ko Kadavu? E tiko e vei pa koro ko i. 0 cei,e dau kapiav na vonu e na kor 5. vica na maile na yawakel.Kadavu:maL.0i-SNu::'n 6. Na yatu yanuyanu cava e will Una 140 3.12 VI. Vocabulary bati sharp e ge, boarder; bati ni wai 'river bank or the sea coaatf- cake . -upwards, from above cici-vaka cid. 'runt; trans cicivaka lrun to or for' .cira-va cina 'lamp or torch'; cinava 'find something with a torch' daku back of a person, or thing dela above, top or surface of anything draiva drive, driver (Engl.) glass, mirror;:bilo Iloilo 'drinking glass'; mata iloilo 'spectacles' kato basket, box, trunk, suitcase keri there (by the heare ) kevan if key (Engl.) Kadavu island sOuth of.Viti LeVu !Ovate cupboard (Engl.) maroroya take care of, keep Nacamaki village name Namuana village name 6 ruku space under a thing; it la used only with prepositions rumu room .(Engl.) tabua the whale's tooth tani different of a place; elsewhere tveli table (Engl.) tokalau east toso move; tran. tosoya 'move an object'; tosova 'move close to' t as em auxiliary verb,, t. imp)ies standing in a place, being in the given condition vaka-sagara cook vale ni lotu church vata shelf, lo_,platform viu, I umbrella v6 left over vonu turtle vualiku north vucu chant -vude come to the water's sugface vuni-a vuni 'hide, conceal trans . vunia vunitaka yadudua one at a time 141 FIJIAN A i ka tini -ka v ru. 1son1 ( uestions- revie. I. Cava Repetition. Na cava vtl r.I nomu vulica na vosa Vaka-v Na cava o dau cakava c-nd veisiga Tabu? Na yanuyanu cava e tiko kinao Suva? Na gunu cava nu memU gunu vinaka duadua? Na mataciali-yaloyalo cava o vinakata? Na gauna cava e na tekivu kina na vuli? Vaka-Cava o kilai kOya vinaka? 0 kin vaka-cava ni'u tiko e 1(5? Ib. SubstItutIon. Cue Sentence Na cava o :cakava? kana Na cava 0 a kania? rai Na.cava o T. raicr.? rawa voli gunu soli wili vola va-kau rogo Na gauna cava 6 dau yadra kina? lak6 kina ki mace Na gauna cava o dau lako kina ki Mocc? kataIau kina Na gauna cava o dau kataau kina?. lako kina ki vuli vuka-sigalevu kina lesu mai kina ki vale vaka-yakavi kina vuli 16soni-kina teitei kina lako kina ki na.mkete lako kina ki cakacaka 142 1/4.2 II. Vel__,yaka7eVe- a. Repetition. vei .beka na vale ni wal nI mate? tiko e vei.na.namU vale? a tiko e vei. na tacimu? Sa,cakacaka tiko e vei nikua? kai vei o koya? a kunea Mai vei na kaloko oclori9 vaka-evei na levu kei Suva? vaka-evei na deai ni .vuka. mai Suva ki adi?. Substitution. Cue Sentence E vei na rnkete? posl.tbves 'E vei naTosit5vesi? r3r3 ni .agavuka E vei na I r5r5 niwagavuka? :15-acie 5tela wavu sit6seni ni ovls vale ni volavola ni- Kaunisela ni Merika vale ni kakaburakL vale nizraloyalo E vaka-evei na dedE ni nomu srt% -=,. tiko voli' e_Suva? vuka mal SuVa ki Nadi E vaka-evei na dedE hi vuka mai Suva ki Nadi? nomwtiko e k6 E vaka-evei na dedE ni nomu tiko e ke? nomu cakacaka e na riöñngade ' vulki.ucauca nona tauvi.mate cakacaka_ocfey nomu tara na vale soko ki Labasa .nomu na tiko mai k 143 lic. Variable!iertt. Cue Sentence E vaka-eve na 1.tovo ni soko mai Viti i Hawaii?, totolo E Naka7evei na totolo ni so o Mai Viti ki Hawaii. Suva vaka-eveina.totolo.ni sokó mai Suva ki Hawaii? vuka E vaka-evei ha totolo ni vuka 0141 Silva ki Hawaii? vaka-cava E vakA-cPVa na totelo "%, mai Suva ki Hawaii? .Honolulu vaka-eava na totolo ni vuka mai Suva.ki Honolulu? dedE E vakaeava na dedE ni vUka mai Suva ki Honolulu? 1(6 E vaka-caya na dedE ni vuka mai k6 ki Honolulu? lako E vaka-cava na ded6 ni lako mai k6 'II Honolulu? o kila 0 kin na dede ni:lako mai Ic ki Honolulu? keyi E kila na dedE ni.lako mai kiS ki keyB? III. Viea -a. Repetitipn. E vica na vosa o E Vica na tItobu ni uei ai oc13? 0 sE yabaki VAca? E vica e raWa ni lako ni mataka? ELlewe vica vei kemuni e rawa ni vukei au? Sa-vicabeka na kaloko? Na I ka vlea ni siga nikua? E vica na levu ni yanuyanu taucoko mai Vi IIIb. SubstItutIon. Cue Senthce E vica .na kemu bal vu? mu yabaki E vica na nomu yabaki sau ni.i tui ika ocf6? E viea na I sau ni ika tItobu ni ueiwai oq6 ? i_vodovodo hi basi ki Suva 144 lewe xl ko dedE n1 vuka ki Laba mai Nadi ..dede7. hi soko mai SuVa kij_iauteka dedni,nomu tiko, kna yawa mai Necil. ki Okaladi balavu nl nomu boto IIle. Vaiab1 sl Cue Sen,,t2nco E viCa na lavo 6 dodonu me'u solia vei iko? mai vuü E vica na I lavo e-dodonu me'u olla taura E vica na I lavo'e dodonu me'u taura mal vu7J? na-ika vioa na ika e dodonu u '.,taura mai vuli? ma E vica na ika 6 d-donu mo taura mai vat? rawa E vicana ikad rawa mo taUra maj vuli? ni o E vica na ika p rawa ni o taura mai .vu.? vei Tatou E vica na ika e rawa ni o taura mmi \rel. ratou? ,volia E vica na ika e -rawa ni o volia nia vei ratou? na dalo E vica na dalo e rawa ni o voila mai vei rato0 levu E levu na dalo e rawa ni o voila' mai vei ratou? Gel A., Repotltlon. Na vale nei cei ocO? Na gunu mei:eel oc13? Na j1na kel cei? O cei e gone duadua vei kemudo O rogoca vei cei na I tulcutukuoqti O cei sa 'vaka-d-onuya na nomu lako? O cei bcka:ekilE na, vale nei Jone? O oei soti 6 na qlto ni mataka7 1 45 111.5 IVb. SubstItution. Cue Sentence ceiha nena vale.ogo? gunu el na mena gunu oq5? ina O ci na kena jAinaoq57 yagana luvgna maaa dal() kolI tavioka tamana, wai ni moli tavioka O eel e a tarã na nomu vale? kauta mai 0(45 ki k5 -0 .cei e d kaUta mai oq5 ki ke*? -vaka-vuliól iko e na O eel e a vaka-2vulici iko e na vosa Vaka-viti vosa Vaka-viti? talai iko ki nasitoa solia vei ikona kR oq5 mai raici iko tarogi iko vrikauta mai vei iko' vaka-taitaka vei leu mai SuVa nikua lako ki Suva nikua Variable que Sentence O cal me'u k .0 a vua na oloolo oq5? oqorl O cei me'u kauta vua na oloolo ociori? vola O cei me'u kauta vua na Ivola ociori? oyd O cei,me'u kauta vua na I vula kina O eei me'u kauta kina na I vola oyd? e vei E vei me kauta kina na i vela oyd? oq5 E vei me'u kauta kina ni I v la oq5? 146 14.6 biuta . E vei -l'uTbiuta kinana I vola oqi5? kato 'E vel me'u biuta kinana kato oq6? ki vei Ki vei meu biuta kinana kato ocia? Naica- a. Repetition. E naleao lako kina? naicana 'nomu sica ni suau? E naicao raiei koya kina? E naieana I ka ono ni siga? naieadatou nalako kina ki siwa? E naicame'u na raici vuniwai tale kina? E naieao na tiko kina mai Suva? naieasana oti kina na nomu cakaeaka? Vb. Subs ution. Cue nee E naieae naCdkivu kina na vuli? eakakina na bose 8 naicae nacaka kina .na base? oti kina na nomu gã E naicae naoti kina na nomu gadUl dola kina,na nomu vale ni volavola vou .yaeo mai kina na wage.' tara oti'kinana vale oaka kina na nomu vaka-. _mau tikivu.kina na vula ucauea .vuka kina ki Niu Siladi o Samu caka kina na veidigidia dola kina na bose Vc. Variable slot. Cue Sent n .haica e sa dodonume oti kina na waqa _oqp? vale E paica c sa dodonume otl k-a pa vale oqö? 147 -rawa E naica e sA rawa me -oti kinana- vale oq3? ni na E naica.e sd rawa ni na oti kina na Vale oqb? ..oya E naica e sA rawa nina oti kina na vale 6y5.? vaka-yaatak i_ sE naica e sa rawa ni,na Vaka- yagataki kina na vale oyd.? vale- ni Volavola E naica e sd rawa ni na Vaka- yagataki kina navale ni volavola oya? e na siga cava E naziga cava e sa rawa nina vaka-yagataki kina-na vale ni volavola oyd? You E na'aiga cava e sZ:rawa nina- vaka-yagataki kina na vale ni yolavola vou? 'dola E na siga cava e sErawa ni na, dola kina na vale hi volavola You? tukuni E na siga cava e sdAukunini na dela kina na vale ni vola- vola you? VI. Que tion intonation. The following are given firs ntonationt- E sega ni rauta ogo:i O sa sega ni lake. O bula vinaka. . :E rawa ni o vaka-to olo mai. E lako ki Lautoka o koya. .E tiko e ke o TImoci. O kilai koya. 0-sa lesu mai. E rawa niru vodo yani. E levu na uca mai Nadi. h question intonation. Vic. -Given the sente de with the statementintona _on produce it with a quest on Intonation. 148 Quest.)ons and Answers a. Answer the question, usinghe cue tions Cues Answers E vaka-ic11 tlko e vei na nomu 3tela ogori E vaka-i-cili tiko.na noqu,VLagi 'e'na 51:ela oq-ori.' E vica e rawa ni vodo e na waqa e ruasagavulu E rtasagavulu ka,tolu e rawa ni oqö? kitou vodo e na waqa too. E naica au na raId Iko tale e na bogirua 0 na midi au tale e,na t kina? Na gauna cava e. na -oti kina na e na vula 6 E na oti na vula i.ucauca e vula I ucaucaZ nti vula o Mat. E vei o ni dau siwa kina? e n4 uciwai 0 6 E vaka-evei na levu ni tamata limasagavulu, na e tiko e Suva? udolu E vica beka na I sau ni _dal°. oq3? lima na silini dua na I vesu 0 cei',drau E lako vata ki Suva? luveau E naica drau na lesu kina mai tini ka ciwa ni Suva? Okotova Na cava o vinakata vaka-levu,na na tavioka dalo se na tavioka?: E vei bek4 au'rawa ni voli tavak6 ne sitet-oya Aina? E vica e rawa ni o kauta mai? . ruasagavulu ga bate nei cei e vaka-yagataka. ni koro tiko o ViliaTe? E miica meu na raici-vuniwai -. na siga mai tale kina? nikua E na siga.caVa 0 a yaco mai kina ka ciwa ni . ki Nadi? Okosita D,5 volia ma vei na ntmu s te? Lautoka vaka-evei ina r!ada ni_nomu vulic4 ono na vula pa, vora vaki-Viti? 50 .2 ha vica na kaloko dou na lako veim5md ni tolu kina? \ 3 naica drau a yaco- mai kina ki bogirua Nadi? iVIib. .Form possible questions for tho following answers. C ur2 Henr):--,1;u 1 . Au di.1 lakb e Na iui e;!=vn_o claumbeekina? na tui na Naloko , 2:. Au ki]:?, 6 tolu _n a E vico. na Nmtaviai vosa o kilã ? P1 li y(:).;i: Au a yaco mai e na Vukelulu ni aw s a .ot 7 EraL-114 6 tini ka ono na mai]e mai I'k-I,autk a niko e b1 ni uciwai na norju vale. 6. E kal Ositerelia a koya. 7 lima na Kabaki n a dede hi ociu -tiko e Suva. 8. E soko vaka-dua na waqa e na_ve_m_auawa mai Viti ki 9. E lima na silinl- dua na i vesu dalo. 10. E walU 'na silini sl veni r1:71--v oda- vodo ni basi ki Suva. 11. E lewe tini.e rawa ni )ako ni Mataka. Nikua.na I ka tinLka vãnj.Tiselia. 13 0qinajirni koi lb. 0 S-a-mu na I liuliu ni oq Ele vu cake o Lautbka mai vei Nausp1., 16. Keiau a lako Vata Nei luvesu ki Suva., 17. Au a solia vel turaq,a ni kora_ na Selo. 18. AU na lako ena mzicawa mai ocip. 19. Daru na mai sota tale , na vula Na tumai k., 20 Ma .noou siga ni sucu fl Ika. 1117a ni Jiune . 21. Au yaco Iflale Mbnite ni rifacawa sit()Li Oy a XIIa. Trans la tnto 1. N cavt 11R ytini. nonn v 'Lica na vosa Vaka-viti? 2. Na yantilu CaVc tikn kina ko Suva? 3. Evei beka na nerla vale? 4. E kai vei a koye 5. 0 s yahaki vica? 6. Sa vica balm na kaloko? 7. E natcasi-71 na otl kina rip! nomu cal Transla e into Fijian. What is the English word for vale? What's that? Where can I buy some cigarettes? Where have you been? ,5. now much is this string or fish? 6. How many kids do you have? 7. When will you -return? . 8. When is your birthday?, 9. How Cid he go? ? 10. How shall I cook your _ XIII. Vocabulary. bage bank (Engl.) basi bus (Engl.) bogirua two nights 6-efore Jiune Juno (Engl.) kakaburaki as in vale ni_kakaburaki_. 'b oad- casting:hetise'- Kaunisela Consul (Engl.) MatanitU government Okaladi Auckland . Okosita AUgust (Engl.) Okotova October oloolo, a parcel, a wrapping Ositerelia Australia btela hotel (Engl.) ovisa officer, policeman(Eng .) r3r-6, (1) roost, perch ) a landing ground Siga Tabu Sunday . silini shilling (Engl.) sisiveni sixpence (Engl.) siaseni station (Eng).) taba 152 branch - titobv% deep'(of water ) profouna (of thoukhi,) tovo, custom, manner, habit, disposl quality, chziacter tui, strinc 01 tukutuku, report, news, messae wtka-donuy approve,- vaka-i-cili accomodated vaka-vulica teach a person something vale ni volavola office veldigidiFT election, ballot vodovodo, fare for travelinr yuka-ca- vuka 'to fly'; trans. vukaca 'fly over' vUlagi visitor wagavuka airplane wavu wharf,briagt. (Engl.) a 1 15.1 II F1JIA!,1 A I ka tlni ka lima ni 1oni (Tu ti k.o .----eentr- m 4n numh'r. directionqls.\ I. Dialeuu A, Na cavaro cakava What are you doing?. tiko?1 B: Soga, t5 e5 e Nothing. I'm just a; home. vale; A: 0 se nanuma tlk, na Do you still remember what we nodatou yeinaki? agreed to do? B: 10. E datou na lake Yes. What time are we icavi0g. e na vica na kaioko? A: 0 iko,o.TInocI vata You, Timci,. and -I wIll leave- kei au, datou na here_at biuta e k e na ciwa. B: Vaka-cava o Saimene? What about Saimene? A: 0 koya c sa t. rnai He's' still in Ra, -but heshot e dodonu me na lako be cming sack today. cake mai nikua. E datou na hlko e wai Ar we going by sea or hy land? se e vanua? A: 0 kedatou na liu Three of 11,5 who are going firs' ,dateu na muri e will co by land. It's not vanua, ca na very good to sail, since the soko oqb ni liwa north wind.is blowing. . tiko na vualiku. B: vinaka. All right.-- 1. When tiko occurs after a verbal base, it Operates like a function word. Here it lb a progressive. As a base, it means 'stay, reside'. Tu as a base means 'stand'. The distinction between tikeThd ca.is not clear-cbt, but the former is usually moFF-FxplicD7 as to location. 151 r Ta o TU mada. Stand. for the time be-rig) once) T]ku St ay . See y iater) :! StrInd here. o e Stay here. Tia vaka-ua. yavala. Tiko vDka-dua, kua herc don't go about. veilakoyakj.. 0 tri e vei mai Honelulu? Ji A) Honolulu are 0 tiko e vei mai Honolulu?Wn you in Honolu:u? actly) at win t pl ce? Tu vaka-ta!,.aue. Sta d u like Tikovai Sal cI when all the wopicn in the fo.mlly are Wit and the aen have to e'abst!tui;O to do the dutie. IIb. T5 ail:1 tiko the base. E lako tE kl Loutek,, Hewent to Lautoka (but haon't koya. returned). E na lak- tlko 1 i Lautol He will be oji tc Lautc o koya. Au na lake tale t5 I'll be eoine along too au. to accompany the groue with no assignment to do). Au na lake talc ko ga oI'll be going along (to help au. with the mission of the trip). Au na sclia tEl vei o rta I'll giVe youmy b (to noqu waga. look after). Au na solla tiko iho I'll be givingyou my boat na n qu waqa. look after). Na cava cakava t5 e t did you do yesterday? nanoa? Asked with doubt that he was really doing anything.) NO, Cava o a cakava What,were you doing yesterday? e nanoa? (Definitely asking what he was doing.) 155 5 15. Sa ua 'a ua levu tiko. It is hirh tide. The tido :ixrising. E sega ta vel au la t I don't have any iavo money, sega tiko vc au na I don't haveany meney at the lavo. moMent, cava o vaha-1-0.5:a tia What are you staring at? egori. Na dava o vaka-raicatiko What are you looking at? ogori. the pronoun as the bub-'--4--V140016,,O# a. Cue ,ntence, Na >ne_oc1,6,, e e_tti mai Niu Aladi e na vula0 VU, elcwo rua nagone olliF) F. lowe rua na Rene ND, a ti-1. mai Niu Siladi e na vula o Mu.- e levo tini:na cone oci6 E aewe tinina gone oc15, era a tia mai Niu Siladie na vUla o M. tolu na gone oyg E lewe toluna cone oyit, eratou atr.1 mai Niu Siladie na vUla e Me., o iko vata k-1 au 0 kedaru, eda'rua trt mai Niu Siladt o na vula o iko vata kei tacimu o Me. 0 kemudrau kei tacinin,edrau a tla mai Niu Siladie na vula o Me. o Samu,o Juno kel TImoci 0 ratop o Samu,o Jone iei TImoei, eratoua tia mai NiU e na vula eME. IITb. Cue oentenoe Au na lake tale tiko 'gn0au. kei Sala O'keirau kei Sala,e koirau na lake tale tiko ga. kei iko O kedatou kei Sala,e datou na lako tale,tiko ga. (:) iko G kemudrau kei Sala,4 )arau na lake tale tiko ga. 156 15. oi Me 'awl 0 ,i Mara, erau na tale vata kel au altou vata rau o Sala }co_ M,ere, e keal'a; ira na lewe lako tale tiko kaao O Ira na lewe o, era no lako tiko o1XPronouns. Cue Sentence - na 20 t5 voi na waqa. o au vai koya v,1 Au na solia t voi koya no noqu wa_a, na aolia t5 vei koya na nodaru koya waqa. o kemudou vei koya O dou n4 solia t vel koya na nomudou waqa. vata kei rauo Tomu koi solia t5 vci koya na nomunl Saimono--7 vei koya o'Samu koi Timoci --- Erau na-solia tü volau na nodrau vei au waqa o Samu kei vata. kei Viliamo--- Eratou na aolia tU vei vei au au na nodratou waqa o ratou ci niu o TImcci kei Viliame. vata i au - vei E keitou (or, iko e. koi-alaJi) na sollatti vei iko na noftcu ncimami) wan, cake an U. Kauta sobu.mai kiwai. U Ifl it down to the water. Kauta sobu mai e wai. Bring It over bysea or by-boat. Va-kau ta. sobu maiki Send it down to the waqa. boati,. Va-kauta sobu maie waqa. Send it ovev by boat. Lako sobu mai ki baravl. Come down to thecoast. Lako sobu maie baravla Come down by the coast. Kauta cake mai klna Bring it up to tao uciwai. river. Kauta cake'mai Bring it up the river. Va-kauta cake ki waqa. Send it up to theboat. Va-kauta cakee waga. Send it up .by boat. Lako,cake mai ki Barav- Come up to -Baa-avi .e nameY. Lake) cake mai e baravi. Come up by coast. V. Variable slot. due Sentece Ni o lesu maie na yakavi kauta cake mai na noqu sote.- _;a1OVU NI o lesu mai e na sigalovu kauta Cake mTl. na noqu sute. ke Ke o lesu 71M e na sinalevu .kauta mai e na St j](-V1I kauta sübu mal H2. noqu - Ke o lesu mai e na sigalevu kauta sobu mai no noqu i vavR. drau lcsu nni e na sigaievu _auta sobu nni na noqu i ni lrau lesu mai ,ni mataka kauta sobu mai na noqu I vava. lak Ke drau lakn mai ni mataka kauta sobu mai na noqu I vava. VI. Re on aiU vanua. a. wal lako kl waj o k He is outfIshing. Lako ki wai. Go into the water. ,ako mai ki vai. Como into the water. 1,ako e al Go by water or sea. a ni ,o e wal. His villaze is by tl vanua _ I vanua o koya, He _s oe in]vnd. vanua.. Go as re. Get out ofthewater. Lrir.:) mai ki vanuj . Come shore. Come ou of the water. vanua Go by land. koro e tiko e His village i inland. Va iable slot. Sentence, E na rawarawa-kevaka'o d muri e wai. E na totolo kevaka o .draumon e wai. E na totolo keiaka o .drau soko wai. E na totolo kevaka o e wai. E na totolo nI o dou soko e E na totolo nI o doU lako e wai. 158 15 .6 vin ka E na vinaka ni o dou lako e wal_ vanua E na vAnaka ni o dou lako e vanua. ke E na vinaka ke o dou lake e vanua. drudru E na dr&drZ; ko o dou lako e vanua. taubale E nadrd ke o dou taubale vahua. VIII. RepotitiOn. I mataal, Dralva e na yasana ,Drive an the rIght hand slde. matau. na yasana I matau? Where is the right hand Na nona vale e tit() e na His house is,on the rSghc. yasaha 1 matau. Ni sa sivi na wavu ole When you pasS the br Gge turn e na yasana I matau. to the right. E mavoa vaka-cava na How was your rir,ht hand Ilurt? ligamu I matau?- Draiva e na yasana i mawi. Drive on the left hand vei na yasana i. mawI? Where is the le _ hand Na nona vale e_tiko e na. His h use is on the le yasana I mawi. N1 sa silti na wavu gole _en you pass the bridge turn na I meld. .to the left. E mavoa vaka-cava na flow wa, your left hand hurt? ligamu I mawi? IX. Va_ able slot. Cue Sentence Ni o sivla na wavu gole ki _a i matau. donuya NI0donuya na wavugole ki na matau. kor Ni odonuya na koragole ki na. matau. lako Ni0donuya na korolako ki na matau. mawi Ni donuya na koro lako ki na yacova N1 o yacova na koro lako ki na. mawr. drau 1 drau yacova na koro lako ki. mawr. Ni drauyatova na koro lako na mawL. muri Jidrau yacova na koro mur1 e na 1 mawI. 159 157 dra_ yacova na uciwai. mu'l e na I mawr. koso Ni drau _soya na uciwal muri e na I mawr. VuPliku (201:Et tolcnlau. and E Rotuma e ko o e na Rotuma lies, to the nortY of vualiku koi Vanua Vanua Levu. ,Levu. Mo rai ki na vualiku. ook toward the north. E dau cagi katakata na The W,nd that blows from the cagi vualiku. north is usually hot. Datou waraka me lima na Let's wait till the north wind- vualiku tou gal lako. blows then we go. E gauna vinaka ni siwa ke It is a good time for fishing liwa na vuali f the north wind b ows. Xb. 0 Vanua Levu e koto e na Vanua Levu lies to the -_uth ceva kei Rotuma. Rotuma. Mo rai ki naeova. Look toward t _ south. E dau caf. ;i htabati na Thr, wind that blows fromthe .cagi liwa mai na south is ,lly ceva. Datou waraka me liwa na Lot!s-wait ti 1 the wouthwind mata ni cagi na ceva .bloWsthen we go. tett qai lako. E gauna vinaka ni siwa is a ,?00j tIme for fishing ke liwa na ceva if the south wind,blows. Xe. E cabe na mata iii. siga The sun rIses from the ea mai na tokalau. Era tukuha ha (lase ni The old people say-that the cagi'bUlabula nacagi east wind is a healthy wind. tokalau. KI pa tokalau kei Viti TO the east of,Fiji lies the koto.kina na yanuyanu A.sland of Tonr4a. ko Toga. Waraka me liwa na cagi Wait till. the eatt wind tlows. tokalau tou qai soko. then We sail,' newaqa me Steer the boat-towa d theeasi donuya na mata ni cagi na tokalau. 160 Xd. dromu rarnatani 51f- The sun sets to the weSt. ki na ra. Er tukuna nalas0 nJ. The o- ',peopler,ay he cagi ni tauvi matena westerly wind br . cagl ickness Ki na ra kei Viti e To the west:of Fiji situated ciri koto kinana yanu- the island of New Caledonia. yanu ko Niu KaletCjnia. Waraka me Jiwa na cagi Vait till wes,erlios .ra tou lako, blows t , Va-golea we go. qa me oteer the t toward -the w donuyrJ. mat a -t. XI. Variablesb Cue once Sokotaka vakado-nu na waqa ki na tokalau. cake Sokotaka cake na ,flaqa kina tokalau. ceva Sokotaka 'cake nawaqa ki na ceva. va-golea Va-golea cake nawaqa ki na ceva. boto Va-goleacake r yani boto ki na ceva. Va-golea yanin1 boto ki.na ceva. yaka-dodonutaka Vaka-dodonutaka yani na boto ki na ceva. cazi 1 ra Vaka-,dodonutaka yani na boto ki na_cagi I ra. sobu Vaka-dodonutaka sobuna boto ki na cagi vual Vaka-dodonutaka liobu na boto ki na vualiku. tiko Vaka-dodonutaka tiko na boto ki na vualiku. XII. Ques ons. Question Cue Me'u kelea e vel na e cake e Kelea toka e cakee keyri -waqa? keya pa wa4a. Me datou lako I vei? sobu Datou iako sobU. E tikoe veina nona e wai E tiko 6 waiina. koro? nona kora.' .0 lako i'vei oqo vanua Au lako 1 vanua. :Me'u muri e vei? na Murk e na I matau. 181_ mátaU 35.9 Etiko ,c vei na nona ha i mawl= E tiko e na i niaw na vale? nOna vale. Na cap-,1 cava o vu.,Liku E liwa tiko oq6 na vuallku. eqZ"? Mery vii-rolea tokalDu VEt-go3cana aqa Ina na wacla? tokalau. 0 ra kei 0 Nadi 0 tiko. ena ra Nadi? Viti Levu kel "Viti .Levu. Na ci cava e dau ceva Na ceva eclan cagl car,1 bathaLTL? batabatTl. Me 'u J.ako i vei? cake Lalw coke mai. Fe 'u biuta e veli? sobli 13:Luta sobu rwei. F. vel na cake Na id c tiko c cLiko, Me u dabe e vni ? ra babe c Na eal-cava.e llwa cac,1 1 ra N a caoj I r cii ia tiko tiko or46? org(7:. 15.10 XIII. 7ala oa. Na 1awa_me_baleta Me yacova mai na yabaki 1961,e a Eega t 1.1 ni dauvaka laiseni na goll. E gat buli e dua na kona lama. Na lama ocii73 e a vaka-roti_kinana veitamata yadua ka vinakata me (lion me tiko vua e dua na kena 1asen E a tekivil va- kaukauwatak1 na'lawa °cf.:5e na wai kei na baravi .ka tike tikiva na Yasana ko Rewa, Naitasirl, Namosi, S6ruakel na dua na tikl Tallevu kei Lomaiviti. Era a vaka-roti na dau (loll me ra vola na nodra I volani kerekere na Talai Volvuke ka garava-na iwaseaseka ratou Will kina ha veiyasana sa cavuti oti tfae cake. E na 1 vo1;,11 ni kerekere yadua, me vaka-macalataki kinana wai se na baravI ka vinakat1 me caka kinana qoli E a vaka-bIbitakl tiko na vaka-laisenitaki.ni çoli ki veiIra na dau volitaki, ka na cala vaka-lawa kina na tamata e sega ni vaka-muria. and AnswerS 1. Na yabakI cava e va-ka%.3 wataki kiria na lama nIgoli? Na yabaki 1961. 2. Na cava na I na-i ni lama ocia? .Na I naki ni lama oq-a me ra vaka-1-- ni,kina n tamta dau gen. . O ira na matagali taniata cava e vaka-blbitaki vei I na lawa oc-07 E vaka-bititaki na 1awa oq-6 ki veiira ka ra aau goli me volItakl. 4 Cavuta e rua na yasana ka tekIvi kIna na va-kaukauwataki ni lawa ni goli. Na Yasana ko Rewa kei Naitasiri. 5 Na eava'e na yaco vua na tamatae sega -11. vaka-muria na lawa Na tamata e -ega ni vaka-muriana lawa ego Sa na cala Vaka-lawa. 5.11 IX . Vocabular,, cab go up a ste..7T place, go ashore from fidling or bathing cagi. windair, atmosphere naca,ri .rathe west wind, _ - ;yet dromu sink under w ate r or below the horizon, set (of the sun or moon) gole turn the head ;transgeleva kozio go through ,cross ,intersect , tranS ,ko3oVa 1 alu 11 ce e(1-1:ng1 ya!,ca: lais en). T 11 cense d t o ; v a;Ta- lais eni_t aka caus lawa fis hi nr: net 10;V-3 (1) nurveral particle,preceding tbers indicating people ; lewe ono1 six people lewe nkora_villager!z 1 wa blow, of th I nil-Er an s liwava 'blow on or aEai ns t ' mat au, right side inawl , , le "t. side naki puerOso, Intention Talal licivuke Couzfq. Ono r vaka-bTtaka err)! vak dod or; ut aka re v ak a- d u. a = on (-.1 vaka- law a vaka-ma cal at ak a expjfl vaka-roti uedire3tructed yak a-t agane a rnin be 1 ot irlip a male _ vii-k,aukauwa aka strengthen, force voi lakoy aki mo about freely veinaki mutually wr,rce to -do veitamat asin velt amat a --adua and e very person_ y aval a activeIndus trious Place Names N ai t rtsr Namosi Niu Ha Rotuma Sarua .Taile vu 16.1 -1 IA14 ka tni ono=ni = lEsoni (Ru Dialogue. (rui) Na cava O.s5 ru 1 Why. are -you so la dedE kiha? D: E d rui levu diha was really very :busy. na noqu osooso. A: Sa gat yui levu You're'gett ng mire and mo -tiko gR na nomu busy thee days. osoo-o e na gauna: 'oq5. Keitou s 7rui lewe There are not many cif us, and lailai_ka lailai we have very lit le time to tale gR na gauna do our work. me-keitou cakava kina na-neitou .cakacaka: II. Repetition. E keitou a sega ni_yaco We didn't arrive yesterday -mai e nanoa ni. sd rui because the road Is very balavu na gaunisala. long. E sR rui dau draiva.. He usually/always-drives fa.. vaka-totolo o koya. E sa rui -qai qase 85 He is noq much older. cikoya. O. sd mani rui dau gunu After all, you're really vaka-levu o iko. drinking too much: Mo kdkuw ni yui laki You mustn't be there too, ded5 mai keya._ long. _E BR rui batabatd dma The weather is really,very Tla draki. cold. Note 1. Note thatif rul is considered a modifier, itS position with' respect to the .base. I rljffcrcnt _from most other modifiers. Rui precedes rather than I ollows the base. 1 60 16.2 III. Substitution. a. Cue Se nce :sirui via mace vaka-levu. o q Au sg rui oca vaka-levu. 1-4na Au sE rui kana vaka-levu. o -0 sE rui kaha vaka-levu. .vaka-lailai 0 sE rui kana vaka-lailai. solia 0 sg rui solia vaka-lailai. o drau 0 drau sE,rui,solia vakb.-lailai. vaka-tUt iu 0 drau skrul solia vake-totolo. taura 0 drau sE-rui taura vaka-totolo. were 0 drau, ,.arui Were vakatotolo. Cue Sentencp E dodor.0 mc datou vaka7ce7u mada ni pE rtirkatakata vinaka E vinaka me _datou vakacegU' mada ni sE rui katakata na siga, wawU E vinaka me jlatou wSo5 mada ni sa rui katakata na siga. butc'butô na boi E vinaka me datou wgwg madani s5 rui butobutö na bogi. moce 'E vinaka me*datou moce mada ni s5 rui butobOt6 ha bogi. e E vinaka me datou moce 6 ke7 ni rui butobutö na o drau F vinaka mo drau moce e ke7ni rui butobut6 na bogi. au nanuma Au nanuma mo drau Mocee kVni s5 rul butobuto na bogi._ totolo na kal-obo Au nanuma po drau Moce e kU ni s5 ruitotoio na*karobo. lako Au nanuma mo drau s5 lakg.ni 5 rui totolo na karobo. rd, nce Sarui lavusarag5 na nona os o. 16.3 dina-, S5 rui levu dina nona osooso. kerekere SA rui levu df_na ccã na nona kerekere. nodratou S5 rui levu ddna ga na odratou kerekere. wale g- S5 rui levu wale gE na nodratou kerekerd-. vosa S5 rui levu 111e ra na nodratou vosa. rui 1--u wale gd na nodratou vosa. udrau rui levu wale gE na nomudrau vosa. .71 rui levu nom vosa. ulu bale E rul levu tiko ga, na nomudrau 'uluba]e. nom E rui levu tiko gA na .ulubale. hild. Cue Sentence E sa- rui Lawa sar_pJL.5_ na nona koro. ale E s rui yaw, sara g5 na nona vale. vinaka E s5 rui vinaka sara g na nona vale. -nomu E sE rui vin nomu vale. dina E s5 rui vinaka dina na nomu vale. mot ka E 05 rui vinaka dina motok5. totolo E s rui totolo dina na nomu motok6. sara E 55 rui totol_ sara na nonu motok5. 'clef S si rui totolo sara na n elci. berabera E sa rut berabera sara na nomu eiet. waqa E sA rui berabera sara na nomu maga. 1 IV. Expansi6n. a. Cue Sentence S.1 oca o koya. koya. val7a-levu oca vaka-levu o Si-1; rui oca vaka-lovu okoya. rui- o sara E . rul oca sra vaka-levu koya. rui och sara 5 vaka-levu o koya. 1Vb. Cue Sentencc, ea3avu naraunjsala. fr,aunlsala. rui F rui ly-Aavu na E sUrui balavuna'ff,aunlsa)a. s5 dina na ,dina E s5 rui rauni5ala: dina na bau rui bau halavu Cue SeqC,crwe E tau rlf-J uca. E Lau vaka-levu nq uca. vako-levu. uca. rui E roi tau vaha-levu na dau E PUJ dau tau vaka-levu na uca. vaka-levu 55 F 55 rui dau tau na uea. rui qau tau vaka- mant E man_: levu na ue,a. E 55 manl i dau Lau vaka- 17,u, levu ri na uca. 16 8 16 Vaz a leIdot Cue Me datou cegu mada ni sd rui levu sara Fa na uca. datou cogu riada n1 :=55 mani rui ievu na uca. Me datou wawa mada ni sa mani rui levu na uca. Me datou wawa mada ni dau levu na uca. Me datou wawa mada n1 S5 rui levu na uca. da Me da wawa mada ni sa gairul levu.na. uca. vla Me da wawa mada ni sd rui via levu na uca. cagi Me da wawN mada ni sa rui via levu na cagi. dina Me da wawa mada ri rui _leVu dina na cagi. VI. Questions and answer spo d with rui. E osooso o koya? Io, 1 osooso.o kova. E 5a 0500510 c koya? Io('e an rui. osooso o koya, E dau gunu vaka-levu? Io,e sa rui dau gunu vaka- levu 0 koy 0viagunu vaka-levu? io, nu rulyia g_ vaka-levu. 0vialake ki Suva? Io, au rui via ltk- ki Suva. 0sa Io, au sa gal rui mamau vaka- levu. 0 drau mani berata Ia kelrau si maulruiberata waqa? na waqa., C dou na la'ki ded&? 1o, keitou na rul la'ki dedF:. E hau totolo na waqa oq Io, s5 rui totolo dina. Sa baci eudru o koya? Io, e rul haci cudru vaka- levu o Roya. VII.Dialocue. E vaka-evc na decll; flow lcng does it, takea buf; n1 cici ni hasi to n £roii Suva topausori mai _31,1va ki Nausorl? 1 Yi adli cycv occurs 16, 6 6 2auta e yto1u It takes about lAirty minues, saoavulu na nzs a trip. miniti. E yavica na 1 vod How much is the. fare? vodo? : tat, a na 3 lini It cost!:, d- ix sisive pence. VIII. Repet1ton. E yalima na It is five .11 or a vesu dalo. bundle of taro. F dua na vesu dalo e In each bun le of tikb kina e tauyHvitu are seven taro. na dalo. E yalima sacavulu na Thorare fifty horses in e tikp e na dua na ea ii. loma n1 hal'. E na veilema.ni bai yadua In each of these pens there oq6 e-tiko kina e are fIfty horses. tauyalima saa'ulu na ose. Mo vaka-tawana e tIni ricN, Put in ten gallons of gas na benisini e eve y hundr1 miles. na veiyadua na drau'na mane. E na yelya.dua na drau na At eyery hundred put mane, mo vaka-tawana n ten gallons yatini na qaloni. E dua na,tamata,e ta kena One person own- t e yatini ka lima na ' conut trees. ni hiu. Na veitamata yadua- e Each and every perso taukena e tauyEtini fifteen-coconut trees. lima na vii ni niu. Cue en te n_ce Kauta mai o na niu icauta mai e yliniatna niu. ha Kone 1;-,1 MC 'I pcnie yEdua me kIta mai e yalima na niu. 17 ) 16.7 , Na gone yadua me na kauta mai e yRjima na niu. tau- Na gone yFAua me na kauta mai e tauyaIinla na niu, ve' Na velgone y5dua me na -kauta mai e,tauy5.1ima na niu. e tiko e k.3 Na veigone yEdua e tiko me na ka ta mai e tauyalina . na niu ni mataka Na volgone-yKdua tiko e k(7. me- na ka ta mai:e tnuylima na niu ni mataka. Cue oentence Me vodo e llrna la tatrata . e na dua na motok;i Me vodo e lima na tamata e na dua na No vodo e yalima na tamata e na dpa na motok5. kina E nd dua-na metokR me vodo kija oyR]ima na tamata. e dodonu na.dua-na.motokR edodonu -6 Vodo kina e y11ma na tamata. ta -E na dua na e dodonu me vodo kina e tauydlima na tamata. -na conrnon art _le) na motOhR y5 ua e dodonu me vodo kina e tauy1 lma na tamat" vei- E na WimotaR yRdua e dodonu' me vodo 1la e tauyalima na tamata. na (fu ure terie E na veiyotokR yildua dodonu me na Vodo kina e tauyaliirta na tamata. -able slot. Cue lonse vei i -1 hai yEidua.orlo e tiko kir ic ydtplu_vdEavulu na T'. ma Na ve13-1 n1 bal y5dua cqc3 ( tiko aliza na lum;, au. I 7 16.8 tama Na veiloma nilbai yhdua o tiko ini e yhlima na tamata. mo to kh Na VeiMo yhdua 0(13 e tiko kina e yal ma na tamata. vodo Na veimotok5 yadua 0q5'e vodo kina e yalima na tamata." waqa Na veiwaqa_yEdua oqa e vodo kina e_yalima na tamata. ose Na veiwaqa_yhdua-oq6 e vodo kina e yhlima na o tlnlka lima Na velwacia_yadua ocioe vodo kinit e yatini ha lima na ose. taucok0 Na velaaqa taucoko oqo e vodo kina e yhtini ka lima na ose. XI. Question and Answer. Question Cue Answer yavica na taMata 10 E iliril na tamata e e rawa ni vodo e na rawa ni,vodo e pa dua -dua na waqa? na waqa- E,yavica na I VocJo= 8/- E yawalu na silinl na vodoni basi ki ,Vodovodo ni basi ki' Suva? Suva. E yavica na i sau 4/- dua Na Isau ni dalo 0q6 ni dale- ocio? na I eauyhva nq silIni dua 'vesu ..aJ. 'vesu. E yaVica na rumu e 20 E yirua sagavulu na rumu tiko e na dua na e tiko e na dua na taba vale? taba vale. E na_velyavica na 500 Me dau laura! na motoka maile me dau lau- ,e na velydli- a na drau rai kina na motoka? na mAile. E yaVica na tamata 35 E yhtolu sagavulu ka lima -rawa ni lake e na na tamata e rawa ni lako .dua na,mata e na dua na mata i lako- lako1ako? lako. Era yabaki yhvica na kl Na gone Null era yuli tiko gone vull era vuli na 15 c ke era tiko e na loma tiko ni yabaki tini ka tolu ki na yabaki tini ka _ima. E na g una cava meu veiya- Mo dau ralci vuniwai dau raId i vuniwai tolu na ve1y5to1u na vula. kina? vula E vaka-cava na vei- T,Ayrivh Mo kelia e dua na du yawaki ni duru meu- pa i na vely5v5 na I ya kelia? yate XII. Dialogue. (kel A: E vaka-..c. me dat -t olng wit n ? lako kei Salmon- E au 5 liu kei ley had gone. wih Jorn Jone e nanoa. yesterday. . A: f cei g5 e'datou a Then who al.-we oing with? lako vata? Eda na iako kei _ We'll go with the D.O. and D.O. vata kei ira the villagers. n4 lewe ni koro. XI:I. Repeti ion Keirau 5. losu mai Niu Sam and I returned from. Siladi.kei Samu.1 New Zealand. -Keitou na tiko mai keri We'll be there with the_ kei na D.O. ni mataka. D.O. tomorrow. KeimaMi.na lakp ki Suva We'll go to Suva ith the kei ira na lewe ri koro. villagers. E drau na vaka-tawa tiko You'll stay at h6M6 -ith e vale kei tacimu. your brother. E dou s5 sureti kei Sala. YoOre-invited with 'lla/You and Sala are invi E dodcnu mo ni lako aI You should cOme with your kei ira na watimuni. wives.. Erau a laga sere kei Jore They sang vath John. Eratou na sega ni lako They won't come with their Mai- kei tamadratou. father. _ Era .i seta kel na mecae They met with the enemies In na mataka lailai. the Morning. 1. -The English form 'Sam. and I'can be transiat_d inte Fijian as keirau 'we twoexclusivehe and I') kei Sam. 'and Sam'. Kel Samu works asa kind of apposi NO, the other person referred to bythe pronoun. 173 16.10 XIV. Expansion dri 1. a. Cue Sentence Au vinakatc mo drau tiko e kE Au vinakata To dra tIico e kel Saimone Au vinakata me drau tlke.6kb- xei Saimone. llma na kaleke Au yinakata me drau tike e kE kei Saimene e na lima na kaleko. me cia veivesaYi Au vinakata me drau tike e kei Saimone e na lima na -kalcko me dateu mai veiVezaki. kel na D.O. Au vlhakatamo drau tiko e ke kei-Saimene e na lima na kaleke me datou mai veivesaki kei na D.O. XIVb. Cue Sentence Keirau na lesu. kei -drika . Kelrau na le u kei M5rika. me Me keirau na lesu kei Marika. mai Me keirau na lesu mai kei M5rika. keiteu na lake ki Me keirau na lesu mai kei M5rika siwa keltou na gal lake ki siwa. kei Samu Me keirau na lesu mai kei Mtarika keiteu na gal lake ki siwa kei Samu. ni mataka Me keirau na lesu mai kei Mdrika keiteu na gal lako lçi siwa ket Samu ni mdtaka. XV. Variable slot. Cue Resbense 0 keii.au kei Pita, keirau na tilvfria-1- Nadi ni mataca. lako Ri 0 keirau kei Pita, keirau na lake ki Nadi ni !nataka. U. _ keitou . O keitou kel Pita iteu. na lako ki Nadi ni aka- o Ike () iko kel Pita,'dr na lake ki Nadi ni mataka, o rau na luvemu O rau ma luvemu kei Pita, ratou na lako ki ki Nadi ni mAtaka. iko, O iko, a Jeno kei Pita, dou na lako .ki Madl ni matakA. o ke u_ au O kemudrau kei Pita, drau na k ki Nadi ni mat_ XVI Ionand answer. Ques Cue An5wer O cei draU a : Maeiu Ke-lrau lake k_ sulfa? kei Maciu.. .c.) eel dou tUraga ni Keiteu a veivosaki saki? koro tEraga ni Rove. O eei.deu na timi ni Keitou na voicage kei ni mata'__1 s5tia_ natimi nistia. O cei drau ria lesu S,Amu Kelrau na lesu'vata vata mal? mal,kei Samu. O cei drau teana luveclu Keirau a tea na volui voiniu ocio? oq kei luvoqu E H siwa vaa kei keimami' K imami a siwa vata kei eel o TImoei e na TImeci e r bogi. bogi? O eel. dou -a vaka- Keiteu (or keimami) a yakavi vata? vaka-yakavi vata ira na gone. XVII. Na aqavuka rui uat vI n vuka e na waqavukE 1 kevaka e da via lake vaka-totole,. me vaka na lake mai Suva kl Nadi. ni rauta wale ga e yavli sagavulu na miniti na dedZ-1 ni vuka. 0..sb na tamata C na rui taleitaka vaks-lovuna totolo koi na kena ruilt;aslvi na vuka c na waciavuka, ka Ta na bo1ea kina na tauyavii_na pTionl.ka tinl na silini na ker I vedovode. Ia, ociT)-c na rairal via sau levu toka kevaka c dua e lake tiko kei na noun matavUvale vaka-bibi na veimauavDvale e tau./511ma scyene na lewena. 7 5 16.12 Question and answer. _ 1. Na cava e rul utvi a vuka? . E' rUt uasivi na vuka ke da via lako vaktoto1o. 2. E vica na ded5 ni vuka mai Suva ki Nadi? E rauta e yava sagayulu na Miniti n ded5 ni Nuk a mai Su ki Nadi. Na c via dredre kina ni vuka e dua na matavivtle a rauta e lima se ono na lewena? E na via drEdr5 ni vuka e dua na mataVilvale ka rauta e lima se ono na lewena ni na rairai sau levu vei ira e so. 4. E vica_ na,i vodovodo ni vuka mai 'Suva ki aei E tauyava na paoni ka tini na silini ridI vodovodo . ni vuka mai Suva ki Nadi. XVIII. Vocabulary. baci again, as a re ul benisini gasoline (Eng? .'benzin bole-a bole 'undertake' ;trans. bolea butobutO darkness, :dark duru a post,- of a house or fence karobo dusk, twilight, evening when just 'dark keli-a keli 'dig a hole''. -= ans. a laurai 1/17Ible mani adv. preced hg verbs, indicating the final one of series of acts; 'then, finally, after all' matav vale family group minit minute (En0..) oca tired, weary ose horse (Engl.) n7Jon_ pound (Engl.) qAlorii gallon. (Engl.). s ala waqa traveling by airplane 'eti - invited taba vale, .tory or wing of a building tAlei-taka t_a14 'wonderfully, admirable ' 'trans. taleitaka 'admire, value' tauke- tauke 'to' PeaseSsi trana taukena tauyT ua p-fiTETng one f or each -uas 1%,1. excel ulubale excuse, pretext'find an excuse vaka-bT.W:= he avi ly vaka-tawana fill up, load veiccage foot ball 11 16. veiya aki distance distribu ive prefix to numera_ ya Also, expressing the .number of tirn a thing is done. y ate yard (En -17.1' FIjIAN A i ka tinI ka vitu ni iEsoni Dialogue. A: Mo vaka-ttolo de_9 Hurry up'or you'll be late na beraki .na . to the store. sitoa. vie& na sitoal A: na so-na dau sogo ni sa bera nine. Tia ciwa. : E vica na kaloko What time is It now? oga? oti na veimam ni It's .after eight thirty. walu Au sega ni kilA me'u I don't know whether \ lako ocia_.se melu should gollow or if gai'laká e na should 0-tomorrow mataka ni mataka. morning. A: Na nomu lakosel Whether you go or n sega e,vaka-tau up to me. vei au. Sobo!,. de'u sa Oh, come on, I may bera. late already. A: 0 sh sega ni ben., You're not late yet, hurry vaka-totolo! up! NOTES 1. Between bases, se can be teansiated as 'or' When it introduces asubordinate phrase, it means' 'whether'. For example, E sega ni kilh se vinaka se eg. 'He didn't know whether it was good or not.'_ 1 De means 'lest, so as not to'. _2. As do some other particle's,se and de wtth au form contractions. 178 11.2 TT, Repetn Jil. (se) Au sega ni kila se'u na lake sesega. Au sega ni kilE sett) na lesu.mai nikuase ni. mata a. E sega ni macala.se'u biuta'evoi na noqu k E sega ni macalase lako mai vei o koya. O kill se sd yaco maina, waqa? .0 kilã se na tau nauca nikua O kin se i vvi nd cel oq5? E sega ni macala se me'u lako oq5se me'u qal lako _vaka-mElua. E sega ni macalamo lako se kua. E sega ri macala se me'u biutao vei. III. Substitution. a. Cue Sentence Au sega ni kilE se sE suka na bose se saga. lako mai vei o koya Au saga ni kin se lako inai vei 0 koya. ratou.sE lesu mai se sega . . me'u kauta e vica na niu au a biuta e vei na noqu ki na cava na vu ni nona.lako sE.rauta oq5 se s5 tale sa vica na nona yabaki sE bula tiko se sE mate sE dodonu.vei iko cava na nomu nanuma Cue Sentence E sega ni macala se vica na luvena. se mataciali ika cava oq5 E -sega ni macala se mataqali lka cava oq5. me'u tarogi koya se kua 0 e gone ni Viti se vulagi se me'u cakava vaka-cava se cava na kena I ba1ebale me'u na tukuna vaka-cava vuR 1.7 se mo Crau lahu sekua se sH vo na kakana sT1 oti la lako tale g5 o koya se sega se na vaka-cava na draki -1 rriataka Expans lo Cue 'ence Au kin% saga ni. Auseganik1i. se sa7 lesu mai Auseganikill se sR lesu o Samu Auseganikin- se sS lesu mai o Samu. se sega Au sega ni kilN se sS lesu mai o Samu ,se sega. mai Vun Au sega ni k115 se s N lesu mai Vunidawa o Samu se sega. e na mat Au sega ni kiln se sR lesu mai ,Vunidawa e na olataka oc16 .o Samu se sega. IVb. Cue entence Taroga vua. se _aici Jone Taroga vuA se raici Jone. Taroga vuA se A raici Jone. mai-Lautoka Taroga_vu5 se 5 raici Jone mai Lautoka. e nanoa Taroga vuR se raici Jone mai Lautoka e nanoa. 17.1: Va0ab1 e sTQL, Cue onse -Au na lesu mai nlkua séni mataka. rateu Au sega,ni kild so ratou na iesu mai nikua se ni mataka, lake Ausega niAila se ratou na lake mai nikua se ni mataka. E sega nc kllã se ratou na lake mai nikua se ni mataka. Maeala E sega ni macala se rateu na lake mai nikua se ni mataka sega E sega ni macala se rateu na lake mai nikua se sega. yani, E sega ni macala se rateu na lake yani nikua se saga._ E sega ni macala se rateu E lake yani nikua se saga. e nInoa E sega ni maeala se rateu R lake yanl e nanoa se.- -ga. -VI. R-pe ition drill, (de) Mo vaka-Lotolo de o bera ki na si Me dou SN lake de e deu begi kose. Tukbna vud de sa saga ni rogoca. -Vaka-raica mada a ike de rawa nio kunea. Me vol.ia mai na suka de oti eq6. Mo tika gR 6 kd de o gal suasua. Me darU lake gd nikua de gal draki ed ni mataka. Me tarogi koya tale de gal guileeava. Kakua ni-lako de e na oca wale gd. Kua ni draiva vaka-to,olo de o na gal coqa. M. SubstitutIon. Cue Sentence Vaka-tetele de oberatanabasi. tau na uca Vaka-tetelo de tau ha uca. na gai draki cd ni mataka ,sd waraki ike tiko mai e koya. bera na I katalau ratou oca e-na wdwd vinakatapo-draU ha-lako vata 17.5 daru berata na wagavuk,1 au qai boc,I koso rau si vaka-rau lake o drau biu t5mal VI pans on. E Cue oun Vaka-toto mo lake Vaka-totole me Take. na Vaka-totclo me na lake. drau Vaka-totolo me drauna lake de Vaka-tatolo de mo drau na lake. vata Vaka-totolo de mo drau na lake vata. vinak ta Vaka-totelo de 'vinakata mo drau na lake vata. ViIib. Cue Sntenee Lako. daru Daru lake. nikua Daru lake nikua. de drakl ca Daru lake nikua do draki ea. ni mataka Daru lake nikua,de draki ea ni mataka. ga Daru lako gE nikua de draM cR ni mataka. qal Daru-lako gR nikua de gai draki cR ni mataka. IX. Variable slot. Cue Resporse Mo kakua ni lako de _ona oca 7WaTE=AA. caltava Mo, kRkua ni cakava deo na' oca wale gi. au Me'u kalcua ni cakava dc'una 182oca wale a. 17.6 be: k;6kua ni bera vwleg. gai Melu kkua ni cakava de'u na qai drau Mo drau-kdkua ni cakava de o drau na qai here,. cudr U vi Mo drau k5kua ni cakava de o drau r qai cudruvl. kauta Mo drau kdkua ni kauta de o drau na qai cudruvi.. kua Mo drau kua ni kauta de o drau na qai cudruvi, Talanoa. na gall vaka--lavo ki Peritanla se ki E.dua na I vola e a vol5 ko Mr. R. W. R. ka tabaki e naniusiveva oq6 e daidai. E a void o koya_ni vaka eda veidretaki tiko o na dua na gauna lekaleka oci5, se me ,da qali kJ Perit5nia se ki Esia. 0(15 e baleta na veika ni noda bula vaka-i-lavo. S5 dodonu me da mamN vakavinaka ka tiloma vaka-mN1ua,na lewe ni I vOla oqö. -Na k5 me qarauni matua do Mani yaco na nodrau vei- dretaki keda na qarikau e rua 0q5--vaka-i-1avo, sega ni vaka-rago,--Ts da kx,bL=su kina. Id ke da SU: kabasu e na vuku ni ka vaka-vuna me rau dui gole ka rogota yarli na Neikri.erau lukuta rawa mai na dui taba n: bisinisi crau taukena tO, eda,s5. na qal biu ta e na liga lala kei na dravudravua. Adapted f om the editorial VOLAGAUNAVG 422:13 1/61 Quee ions and answers 1. Na cava e a cakava ko Mr. R. W. R.? E d vol5 o Mr.,R. W. R. e dua na I vola. 2. 0 cei o rau na ciarikau e tukunitiko e na I vola oq5? Na qarikau e rua e tukuni tiko e na I vola oq5, oya o rau ko PeritRnia kei- Esia. Na niusiveva eava e a tabaki kina nd I vola nei Mr. R. W. R.? Na I voIa net Mr. R. W. R. e a tabaki,e na Volagauna. 4. E na I ka vica ni siga e a tabaki kina na hiusivevd oq5? Na niusiveva oq5 e A tabaki e.na 1 kd tlni ka tolu ni Janueria961. 1 K3 17.7 Na rnataqali veidre -ava e vakamaoalataki tiko e vola mg)? Na veidre e-baleta na yolks ni nods bula vaka-ilavo. XI. Vocabulary. bisnisj ..busine,, Engl.) bogi koso last till night and then not be finished; overtaken by night, as on a journey coqa run into, go against; trans. cpqa de 'lest, so as not to dravudravua poor, pover Esia Asia guilecava forget; -u -,ulleca aid of one who easily forgets' kaba-u pasSive form from basuka; broken, smashed lala empty luku-ta iuku 'hold several things in the hand at once'; trans. lukuta mardi chew; mama vinaka na keMUIP-gew niusiveva newspaper (Engl.) Peritania Britain qali twist together, roll together, annexed- qarauni shovld be considered, should be paid attention to qarikau superman rogo-ta roqp 'carry, in the arms, clasp in the arms'; trans. roqota sobo interjection of surprise taba- a taba 'press, print'; trans. tab a; pass. tabaki 'printed' tilo-ma tilo IswalloW; trans tiloma vaka-i-Lavo financially; bula_veke.47lavo 'economie vaka-yago bodily, physically veidre pull one'against enother, have a tug of war, disagree, fight -over something; veidretaki 'disputed, conteEYFEIT------veika things' e lako vinaka na_veika keep_ ere-going Well' Volagauna the name of a Fijian newspaper vuku sake-1 pause; (not used'aione) 14 1 FIJIAN A I ka t1hi ka Wahl ni leooni (Vaka- -base, wit_ or ith,..)ut suffixes) I. Dialogue. Yalo vinaka, vaka- Please) havemyr breakfast rautaka ma a na ready. clau i katalau. B: cava o sH vaka- What are you in a hu ry for? A: Au via lako mada I'd like to go to Suva. ki Suva. Vaka-cava, o sE na Say, won't you be going next sega ni la_o e week? na macawa mal c13? A: It:), e na vaka-bera No, it will only cause 'unneces- wale ga Vaka-ievu sary delay in my woek. na'noqu cakacaka. Wawa, me' u va-kata- Wait, let me warm up your food. katataka madi, ra kemu. Kusa, me'u bau a'ki Hurry, so I can catch the nine vodo e na ba- ni o'clock bus. ciwa. A 'complete descript_on of the uses of vaka- would be lon er than the lesson itself. However, the dialogue il- lUs_rates some of the more col. aon uses. One the caUsative, is shown by the following pairs: , rai 'see' vaka-rai2taka 'reveal (cause to be seen EFia 'late vaka-bera 7Taelay (cause to be late)' mate 'die' vaka-mate-a. 'kill (cause to die)' Vaka-levu shows another use, allowing a base to modify the nucleus of a verb phrase. The expansion drills illustrate\that Paradigms of sorts -can be made for some bases, showing de'riVed forms-with rer lated meanings. But the paradigms for b,al bases are not alike, and generally, the derived forms 6hould be learned with the bases. 1 ç 7-; 18.2 II. Repeti ion. Vaka-totolo do o vaka--born na nodatou lako. Vaka-stnait a mada na dramu _q Kua ni vaka-otia, au viaakata c eb. 0 vaka-dinata na kd a tukuna? Kua ni vaka-rerea do base ni lake. Qarauna me kua ni vaka-yalia. Na cava o vaka7daroya kina na Yalo vinaka, vd-gunuva mada na noqu ose Yalo vinaka, vd-kania mada na gone oq5. Td-molca mai 1c i3 na nomu wa IIb. Vaka-raitaka mada vei au na nona vale. Na eava o s5 vaka-totolotaka? Vaka-dodonutaka mada na noqu kaloko. Drau wiwi me'u vaka-mamaeataka mada na noqu I sul- Cl_vaka-uouataka Naka-eava na nomu I lu? VE-katakatataka na wai. Va-gaunataka na nona Rana. Vaka.-levutaka na gauna ni eegu. Kua ni vaka-lolomataka na_kolr Na eava o vaka-rarawataka kina na gone oqb? III. .1 sti ut on. Sentence Yalo vinaka, e rawa ni- o vaka7raitaka: vel_au? o vaka-sInalta na nogu Yalo vinaka, e rawa, ni- o vaka-. bib° sInait'a na noqu bilo? o vaka7yadrati koya o drau gal vaka-otia oci5 o dou vaka-savasavataka na vale o ni gal vaka mRrautaki koya tiko o vaka-eeguya mada na tUraga ociö keirau gal vaka-raiea ni mat aka o tukuna vuE. meva- katakatataka 186 18.3 o vaka-_ agara na dalo ociU o va-gu- uva na OBC ITIb. Cue Senter E dodonu mo vaka-batabatmtaka _ ni bera ni va-katakatataka ni bola E dodonu mo va-katakatataka ni ni o_kania bera ni o kania. ni bora ni o were vaka-raica vaka-vinaka vaka-mamacataka na nomu sulu' garauna mo kua ni vaka- mavoataka vaka-rorogotaka na nona vosa vaRa-levut ka na kena waseWase_ vaka-sagara e tuba vaka-otia sara na no u eakaeaka kua ni vakama_ea IV, Varia l- slot. a. Cue Response- E dodonu mo vaka7levutaka na kena waseWaael. nodrau E dodonu mo vaka-levutaka na nodrau'l wasewase. vaka-lailaitaka E dodonu mo vaka-lailaitaka .na npdrau I wasewaie. I tavi E dodohu mO vaka-lallaitaka na -nodrau I tavi. vaka-maealataka E dodonu mo vaka-maoalataka na .nodrau I tavi. au vinakata Au vinakata rn vaka-macalataka .na nodrau neitou_ Au vinakata mo vaka-maealataka na neitou I tavi. vaka-raitaka Au vinakata mo vaka-raitaka 18- na.neitou i kerek Au vinak t- mo vaka-rai aka na neitou kerelere. Cue 1±L81-121.2-L5e E rawa ni o gal v5.-kania tiko na luvegu ke'u bera mai e na yakavi? na ose E rawa ni o gal vR7.kania tiko na ose kesu bera mai .e na yakavi? E rawa ni 0 gal va-gunuva tiko nd ose ke'u bera mai e na yakaVi? nikua rawa ni 0 gai vd-gunuva,tiko na ose keiu bera mai nikua? ira namanumanu E rawa ni o gal vd-cl:unuvl ira ti_ko na manumanu ke'u bera mai nikua? val E rawa ni o gal va d-raica ira tiko na manumanu ke'u bera mal nikua? na waqa E rawa ni 0 gai vaka-raica tiko na waga ketu bera mai nikua? va-ke1ea E rawa nl o gal va-keiea tiko na waga ke'u bera mai nikua? dedE E rawa,ni 0 qai vR-kelea tiko na waga ke'u dede-mai nikua? V. Transformation: Make causa ives from the followIng. Cue Sentence E a mavoa o koya. O eel e_R vaka-mavoataka? E suasua na i sulu. O cei evaka-suwlaataka? E marau dina o koya. O cel e vaka-marautaka? E rarawa vaka-levu o O 'cei e vaka-rarawataka? _koya. Sa mamaca na nomu O cei sa vaka-mamacataka? E dodonu,o koya. e. a vaka-dodonutaka? SR cakacaka o Pita. sa vaka-cakacakataka? S. batabatR na bia.- 6a: vaka-batabatataka? E katakata na kakana. sR va-katakatataka? 138 E kadresu na nom:SOLQ. O cel e vd-kadrosuLaka? Au sT1 raica. O cei ,s11 vaka-raitaka? E vaka-Tolom- dina O cei e vaka-lolomataka? Vb. uue Sentence E n suasua o koya. 0ceie i vaka-suasuataki.kova? E a marau vaka-levu o, 0cole a vaka-marautaki koya? koya. E mavoa o koya. 0eele vaka-Tmavoatakilcoya? E gadE ki Suva o wya. 0ccie va-gadetaki koya? E maten-1 vaka-levu o k 0ceie vaka-matenitaki koya? E a_kidacala o'kova. 0eel e, 5 va-kidaealataki kova? E sa rui rarawa o koya. 0ceie vaka-rarawataki koya? E madua vaka-levu o kova. 0ceie Naka-maduataki koya? E a cakaeaka o koya. 0eeio vaka-cakacakataki koya? E 6,5 mamaca o koya. 0ceisa vaka-mamacataki koya? VI.Expan a. Cue Sene ce E suasua. na gone H suasua na gone. tiko E suasua tiko na gone. vaka- E vaka-suasua tiko na gone era Era vaka-suasua tiko na gone. lalai Era vaka-suasua tiko na gone lalai. -taka Era vaka-suasuataka tiko na gone lalai. . na nodra I sulu Era vaka-suasuataka tiko na gone lalai na nodra I Sulu. VIb Cue Sentenee Raica. fi na vale Raica na vale, 0 O raica na vale? e rawa ni E rawa ni o raica na vale. 18.6 vaka- E rawa ni o va -lca na vale. F. rawa n1 o v:karaitakana vale- nei Jone E rawa ni o vaka-raitaka na vale ne1 Tone . vei au E rawa ni o vaka-raitaka vei na vale noi Jone. Vic. Cue Sen na kdkana katakata na kdkaaa. sd katakata na kdkAa. vaka- E sd va-katakata na kdkana. -taka E sd va-katakatataka na:kdkana. tiko E sd vd-katakatataka tiko na kakana. o koya E 65. vd-kata1catataMtik6 na Marla o koya. e vale ni kuro E sA v7i-katakatataka tiko na kakana o koya e vale ni kuro. VII. Supplementary dialogue. vak9. dod 7aka 't- ot =ighten, to recti A: E dodonu mo yaco You should arrive here before mai ki ke ni bera six. nA ono. B: 0 kila vaka-cava? How do you kno A: E rauta gã e rua na It only takes two hours.. As aua na kena kena soon as you're finished ded6. NI.° suka come straitht here . ga, vaka-dodonu sara mai. B: Sd vinaka, me'u 0.K., let me correct my watch vaka-dodonutaka first. mada na noqu kaloko. 18,7 VIIb. vaka base -I-one syllablesuffix A: Curu mai mo vaka- Come in and rest for a while. cegu mada. sa vinaka, au sa Thank you, I'll fin vaka-otia mada first. ego. A: Au _a gal vaka- I'll wake up Sam to finish it. yadrati Samu me vaka-otia. Ia, ã vinaia. 0.K, ' you. A: Dua vel iko na bile Have a cup of tea? tI? Sega, vaka-SInaita No, just fIll me up a giasb of ga mai e dua na water. bile wai. Vile. -aka-evei A: E vei beka au ra a Where can I ctange my n y? ni veisautaka kina na noqu lavo? E na vale_ni vola- At that office. vola oyit. A: E vaka-evei na i How about the bus schedule vaka-rau ni_eici here? ni basi e kE? : E dau tekivü e na They start at six and keep ono ka ra vei- running till late evening. ciciyaki tiko, me yacova na yakavi bogi. A: 01, si vinaka vaka- 0 , thank you very much. Are levu. E vaka-evei there any entertainment e bau t e kF e s places here9 na vanua ni vei- vaka-marautaki? B: Io e bau vica toka Yes, quite a few. 1 9 A: ay Very well, I mill Fo, and have la'ki vc-A.2;autaka my money chanc:ed and then mada na noqu plan my move later. lava qal macalUt liaka-mEl ua na noqu veltosoy aki. Io, vinaka. Qai O.K. See you latar. lako. A: S. MOce. 0ood-by, VIII. Talan Na nodra vaka- 1 na leWen± vanua. E na mua ni yabaki 1960, e teklvu tauyavutaka kina na Matanitia ko Vit1 e dua na .sasaga. . 0(43.e baleta na -nodra vaka-cakacakataki vaka-leWe levu na lewe ni vanua e Nlti. E tovolea na Matanitta me vaka-vure- e vuqa na gaUnisala nl kune eakacaka. E a vaka-bibitaka kina flt Matanita na nodrataurivaki. na lowe ni vanua: c Viti _e .naveicakacaka.ka a dau vaka-i-_ tavi gd kina e liu na vla,i dua na Matanitii ka veivuke vaka-levu e na sasaga oq-6 na Matanitia ko NiuSiladi. E. na nodrau veidinadinati;ko Vitikei na Matanit;:t ka rawa ni soil veivuko e na sasaga oq3, era avaka-vuliei ka va a-rautaki kina a ra ka digitaki. Viti eS. vaka-yacori tale ga kina e dua na I wasc / ni veivaka-vullei vaka oq3. E,daidal sa laurai-sara na vua ni saSaga oq6 e na veitabani eakaeaka me vaka na eakacaka vaka-dau ni walesi e na I rorb niwaqavuka, caka- caka e na baqe, tabana ni bokobuka kei na vuqa tale.. Question and Answe 1. NA eava e a tau- Nutaka na -_atanitTl-ko Viti e na yabaki 1960? E S. tauyavutaka na Matanit ko Viti ena yabaki 1960 nana sasagataki ni nodravaka-cakacakataki vaka- levu na lewe ni vanua'e Viti. Na mataqali cakacaka eava e,S. nakiti me ra vaka- cakacaRataki.kina na lewe ni vanua? Na mataqali cakaeaka. ka .a dau vaka-i-tavig5 kina e liu na 9 1 18.9 3. Na. mataqali veivuke cava c a solia na Matanit_ o Niu Siladi e na vuku ni sasaga oq6? .E d veivuke na Matanitti o Iu Siladi e na nodra vaka- vulici ka vaka-rautaki na lewe ni vanua ka ra d digitaki yani e Viti. 4 Na cava sd vua ni saska oq E daidai sa_ ra vaka-i-tavi na lewe Viti e na veicaka-, caka vaka dau ni wdleoi, cakaeaka e na baqe kei na vica tale. X. Vocabulary. aua hour (Engl ) bilo' cup boko. 11Ca as in tabana_ni_bokobuka 'fire brigadei- digitaki chosen,seleCted dramu A,rum (Engl.) Icadresu passive form of drp- ai rent, torn, of clothes, sails, etc.; va-kadresutake 'tear'' kidacala wonde be SUrpAsed; va7kidacalataka 'surprise, one' kusa be quick, hasten rhAda ashamed, bashful; vaka-mAdataka 'cause shame to manumanu general name for anLmals and bfrds; manumanu :_ava , 'animal; manumanu_vua Fbjrd l nak intended, planned qau 1. mine (to ea); Tt is used wherever the possessive is required; a _au-revu 'my size' sasag4,- effort, attempt;.ERImALLA 'at- tempted' tauyavutaka found va-gadEtaka show someone around va-gata sharpen , va-gaunataka. tiMe,regulate va-golea cause to turn the head to va-gunuva give a drinKto vaka-batabatataka cool, make _cold vaka-bera cause to delay. vaka-cakacakataki 'employed 7aka-ceguya -make,to rest eaka-daroya prevent, postpone,cause not to.happen vaka-dinata . recognize as true-and sobelieve, _fulfill, obey. ,employed, 18.10 val a VVtak increase the number or ZO a thing vaka-lolomataka make mise able vaka-mamacataka dry (vJ vaka-mdrautaka. make happy, delight vaka-matea put to dea,h, kill vaka-mdvoataka wound, damage vd-kania feed, graze vaka-rarawataka' make unhappy, torture, used for body or soul vaka-rerea frighten vaka-rorogotaka report a thing vaka-savasavataka cleanse, purify vaka-sInaita fill up vaka-suasuataka yet (v.) vaka-katakatataka heat, warM up vaka-yacori brought to pass, fulfilled vaka-yalia lose a thin&, waste away vaka-vurea cause to spring up, invent come up with vd-kelea bring to a step, anchor (ofa boat) veicakacaka jobs, types of work veiciciyaki run about veiditadinati argument, acknowledgment veitaba branches, departments veitosoyaki random movements veivaka-marau aki entertainment veivaka-vulici taught, trained. vuqa many, ialmerous wdlesi radio- telephone, wireless (Engl.) 194