DOCSLIB.ORG

On the Influence of the Freshwater Jellyfish Craspedacusta Sowerbii on the Zooplankton Community

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
On the Influence of the Freshwater Jellyfish Craspedacusta Sowerbii on the Zooplankton Community Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 27 1–4 Stuttgart, December 2000 On the influence of the freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii on the zooplankton community Thomas Jankowski and Hans-Toni Ratte Introduction ico–chemical water parameters (PO4, NO3, TP, TN and Si), phyto- and zooplankton. Oxygen, tempera- Craspedacusta sowerbii was described for the first ture, pH and conductivity were measured by elec- time in 1880 (LANKESTER 1880). Since then, the trodes. Zooplankton and phytoplankton specimens medusae have been found in many places – some- were counted and measured by an inverted micro- times at considerable densities (DEJDAR 1934, STA- scope. Three zooplankton subsamples (each 1 L) per DEL 1961, DUMONT 1994). Occasionally, an increase enclosure and sampling day were completely in the jellyfish population is accompanied by a counted. Each cladoceran species was enumerated by decrease in some zooplankton species (DUNHAM size, number and developmental stage of the eggs 1941, ACKER & MUSCAT 1976, STRAUß 1996). How- ever, hardly anything is known about the quantita- (for the first 50 specimens encountered). The eggs tive impact of Craspedacusta on the zooplankton were divided into three stages of development (NEILL community (DODSON & COOPER 1983, DEVRIES 1981, LIEDER 1996). Copepods were divided into 1992, DUMONT 1994). In 1995 we studied a large nauplii, copepodids and adults (male and female). population of Craspedacusta (1,000 ind./m²) in a For every treatment, arithmetic means and stan- small shallow hypertrophic lake near Aachen (Ger- dard deviations were calculated from the replicates. many). Here, with the increase in jellyfish numbers, Chlorophyll-a data were converted into algae-C con- a decrease of bosminids and cyclopoid copepods to tent (JØRGENSEN 1979) to analyse the food availabil- very low densities was observed. At the same time, ity for the crustaceans. Zooplankton abundance was the lake was dominated by whitefish (Rutilus rutilus). converted into biomass (µg dry weight/L) according In order to investigate whether Craspedacusta was a major reason for the zooplankton decline, we con- to BOTTRELL et al. (1976) for copepods, DUMONT et ducted an enclosure experiment in 1996. al. (1975) for cladocerans, and RUTTNER-KOLISKO (1977) for rotifers. The divergence of the communi- ties was demonstrated and tested by means of the Materials and methods similarity indices of Stander and Steinhaus and the U-test (P ≤ 0,05) using the software, Community During summer 1996, a 23-day enclosure experi- Analysis (HOMMEN et al. 1994) ment was performed (19 June–12 July). The six enclosures (100-µm polyethylene/polyamide foil, 2 m depth, 1 m diameter; described by BROCKMANN et Results al. (1974)) were filled with 800-µm filtered lake water to prevent the presence of medusae and fish At the start of the experiment, all measured (controls), whereas three replicates were enriched parameters showed a close correspondence in all with jellyfish (800 ind./enclosure; nearly 1,000 ind./ enclosures. During the experimental period, m²). On each sampling day, three 1-L subsamples (0, 1 and 2 m) were taken by a Ruttner water sampler temperatures ranged between 16 and 19 °C. and mixed. From the mixed sample subsamples were There were no differences between the six taken for the determination of chlorophyll-a, phys- enclosures. 0368-0770/00/0027-01 $ 1.00 ©2000 E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, D-70176 Stuttgart 2 Food webs – predator/prey interactions Control Medusae-Encl. Zooplankton 200 200 150 150 At the start, the zooplankton community [µgTG L [µgTG ] -1 showed the typical structure of the lake com- 100 100 -1 munity (Fig. 2), dominated by various rotifer ] [µgTG L [µgTG 50 50 species (Asplanchna sp., Keratella cochlearis, 0 0 Pompholyx sp., Filinia longiseta, Polyarthra sp. 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 and Synchaeta sp.) at low cladoceran (mostly day day Bosmina longirostris) and copepod densities. The communities proved to be similar in the Fig. 1. Change in chlorophyll a (µg Chla/L) in the enclosures (left: controls; right: medusae enclo- different treatments (similarity L-data near 1, sures). Each point is the mean ± SD of three repli- Fig. 6). During the course of the experiment, cates. the zooplankton community developed differ- ently depending on the treatment (Fig. 2). In the controls, the rotifers decreased and the Phytoplankton copepods increased during the first days (Fig. The chlorophyll (Chl) data (Fig. 1) indicated 3). At the end of the experiment, the most equal phytoplankton densities at the beginning important copepod was Mesocyclops leuckarti, a of the experiment. In both treatments, the phy- small cyclopoid with a winter diapause in the toplankton was dominated by Chlamydomonas CIV and CV instar (EINSLE 1993). Bosmina throughout the experiment. In the controls a increased from day 15 onwards and dominated constant decrease in phytoplankton down to 30 the zooplankton community at the end of the µg Chl/L was observed. In contrast, in the experiment (Fig. 4). From day 15 onwards, medusae enclosures, after an initial decrease, small populations of Ceriodaphnia cf. quadran- the phytoplankton practically recovered to gula and Daphnia cucullata became established. starting densities (120 µg Chl/L). Algae-C con- tent ranged from 6 mg C/L at the beginning to As opposed to this, the medusae enclosures 1 mg C/L (controls) and 5.5 mg C/L (medusae were dominated by rotifers for the entire exper- enclosures) at the end of the experiment. There imental period (Asplanchna, Pompholyx and was no food limitation during the experiments Keratella cochlearis; Fig. 2). Nauplii decreased to for Bosmina longirostris (LIEDER 1996). very low densities during the first 10 days. At Control Medusae-Encl Rotatoria Cladocera Copepoda Rotatoria Cladocera Copepoda 100% 100% 80% 80% 60% 60% 40% 40% 20% 20% 0% 0% day 1 4 9 15 18 23 149151823 day Fig. 2. Change in Zooplankton community composition (percent of total dry weight) in controls (left) and medusae enclosures (right). T. Jankowski & H.-T. Ratte, Influence of C. sowerbii on zooplankton 3 Control Medusae-Encl. Control Medusae-Encl. 0,45 0,45 300 300 0,40 0,40 250 250 n = 148 [µgTG L [µgTG 0,35 0,35 ] 200 200 -1 n = 114 0,30 0,30 150 150 n = 399 n =423 -1 0,25 0,25 ] length [mm] length [mm] [µgTG L [µgTG 100 100 n = 447 0,20 n = 122 0,20 n = 450 n = 391 50 50 n = 148 n =148 n =401 n = 144 0,15 0,15 0 0 1 4 6 9 1 4 6 9 12 15 18 23 12 15 18 23 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 day day day day Fig. 5. Bosmina longirostris body length in the con- Fig. 3. Population dynamics of cyclopoid copepods trols (left) and medusae enclosures (right). N, num- (dry weight: µg/L) in controls (left) and medusae ber of measured individuals; point, 95% of data; enclosures (right). Each point is the mean ± SD of error bar, 80% of data; box, 50% of data; broken three replicates. line, median; solid line, mean. Control Medusae-Encl. Steinhaus Index Stander's Index 1000 1000 1,0 1,1 0,9 W-data 1,0 B-data 800 800 0,8 L-data 0,9 [µgTG L [µgTG 0,8 ] 0,7 -1 0,7 600 600 0,6 0,6 0,5 400 400 -1 0,5 ] 0,4 [µgTG L [µgTG 0,4 0,3 200 200 0,3 0,2 W-data B-data 0,2 0 0 0,1 L-data 0,1 0,0 0,0 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 0 5 10 15 20 25 day day day day Fig. 4. Population dynamics of Bosmina logirostris (dry weight: µg/L) in controls (left) and medusae Fig. 6. Zooplankton similarities according to the enclosures (right). Each point is the mean ± SD of similarity indices of Stander and Steinhaus. W-data: three replicates. mean within similarity; B-data: mean between simi- larity (control vs. Medusae enclosures); L-data = B/ W. the end of the experiment a short peak of copepodids and adult cyclopoids were observed presence of medusae. In contrast, in the controls (Fig. 3). Bosmina densities were nearly equal all these crustaceans built up large populations the time (Fig. 4). Additionally, differences in approaching full carrying capacity. Here the zoop- Bosmina length were found (Fig. 5). From day 9 lankton increase was accompanied by a phytoplank- (28 June) onwards, control Bosmina were ton decrease, probably produced by the grazing pressure. The largest differences in zooplankton longer than those in medusae enclosures. At the between the treatments occurred on day 15 (similar- end of the experiment, control Bosmina had a ity L-data near 0.2, Fig. 6). After day 15, the com- length of 0.325 mm as compared to only 0.250 munities became more similar, because more than mm in those from medusae treatments. 600 medusae/enclosure died during the experimen- tal period and thus the predation pressure decreased. Conclusions Additionally, the predation rates of Craspedacusta were quantified by laboratory experiments (JAN- Depending on the presence or absence of medusae, KOWSKI 1998). The medusae were able to kill marked differences in zooplankton structure and between 13% (copepods) and 39% (Bosmina) of the chlorophyll-a content were observed. Chlorophyll standing crop, indicating that in the small shallow and algae-C content indicated that food limitation lake the predation of Craspedacusta could be as high could not be responsible for the observed differences. as that of the fish (STRAUß personal communica- Therefore, the reason for low Bosmina and copepod tion). The results suggest that Craspedacusta could be densities in medusae enclosures appears to be the an important predator in small lakes during summer.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Trophic Interactions Among Sympatric Zooplanktivorous Fish Species in Volume Change Conditions in a Large, Shallow, Tropical Lake
    Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(1):169-176, 2011 Copyright © 2011 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia Trophic interactions among sympatric zooplanktivorous fish species in volume change conditions in a large, shallow, tropical lake Rodrigo Moncayo-Estrada1, Owen T. Lind2 and Carlos Escalera-Gallardo1 Significant reductions in the water volume of shallow lakes impose a restriction on species segregation promoting more interactions in the trophic relationships. The diets of three closely related zooplanktivorous silversides belonging to the Atherinopsidae species flock of lake Chapala, Mexico, were analyzed at two sites (Chirostoma jordani, C. labarcae, and C. consocium). Diets were described in critical shallow (August 2000) and volume recovery conditions (August 2005). Diets included mainly cladocerans (Bosmina, Ceriodaphnia, and Daphnia) and copepods (Cyclops). A significant difference in diets was detected when comparing years (MRPP analysis, A = 0.22, p < 0.0001) and sites at different years (MRPP analysis, A = 0.17, p = 0.004). According to niche breadth mean values, species were classified as specialized and intermediate feeders. In shallow conditions, the small range of niche breadth (1.72 to 3.64) and high diet overlap values (D = 0.64, L = 8.62) indicated a high potential for interspecific exploitative interaction. When the lake volume recovered, an increase in the niche breadth range (1.04 to 4.96) and low niche overlap values (D = 0.53, L = 2.32) indicated a reduction of the species interaction. The Mann- Whitney U-test supported this pattern by showing a significant difference between years for niche overlap (p = 0.006). The increased interaction during the low volume suggests alternative segregation in life-history variations and other niche dimensions such as spatial or temporal distribution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of External Factors in the Variability of the Structure of the Zooplankton Community of Small Lakes (South-East Kazakhstan)
    water Article The Role of External Factors in the Variability of the Structure of the Zooplankton Community of Small Lakes (South-East Kazakhstan) Moldir Aubakirova 1,2,*, Elena Krupa 3 , Zhanara Mazhibayeva 2, Kuanysh Isbekov 2 and Saule Assylbekova 2 1 Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan 2 Fisheries Research and Production Center, Almaty 050016, Kazakhstan; mazhibayeva@fishrpc.kz (Z.M.); isbekov@fishrpc.kz (K.I.); assylbekova@fishrpc.kz (S.A.) 3 Institute of Zoology, Almaty 050060, Kazakhstan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +7-27-3831715 Abstract: The variability of hydrochemical parameters, the heterogeneity of the habitat, and a low level of anthropogenic impact, create the premises for conserving the high biodiversity of aquatic communities of small water bodies. The study of small water bodies contributes to understanding aquatic organisms’ adaptation to sharp fluctuations in external factors. Studies of biological com- munities’ response to fluctuations in external factors can be used for bioindication of the ecological state of small water bodies. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to study the structure of zooplankton of small lakes in South-East Kazakhstan in connection with various physicochemical parameters to understand the role of biological variables in assessing the ecological state of aquatic Citation: Aubakirova, M.; Krupa, E.; ecosystems. According to hydrochemical data in summer 2019, the nutrient content was relatively Mazhibayeva, Z.; Isbekov, K.; high in all studied lakes. A total of 74 species were recorded in phytoplankton. The phytoplankton Assylbekova, S. The Role of External abundance varied significantly, from 8.5 × 107 to 2.71667 × 109 cells/m3, with a biomass from 0.4 Factors in the Variability of the to 15.81 g/m3.
    [Show full text]
  • Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the South-East of the Korean Peninsula, with Twenty New Records for Korea*
    Zootaxa 3368: 50–90 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the south-east of the Korean Peninsula, with twenty new records for Korea* ALEXEY A. KOTOV1,2, HYUN GI JEONG2 & WONCHOEL LEE2 1 A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia E-mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea *In: Karanovic, T. & Lee, W. (Eds) (2012) Biodiversity of Invertebrates in Korea. Zootaxa, 3368, 1–304. Abstract We studied the cladocerans from 15 different freshwater bodies in south-east of the Korean Peninsula. Twenty species are first records for Korea, viz. 1. Sida ortiva Korovchinsky, 1979; 2. Pseudosida cf. szalayi (Daday, 1898); 3. Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888; 4. Simocephalus congener (Koch, 1841); 5. Moinodaphnia macleayi (King, 1853); 6. Ilyocryptus cune- atus Štifter, 1988; 7. Ilyocryptus cf. raridentatus Smirnov, 1989; 8. Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882; 9. Macrothrix pen- nigera Shen, Sung & Chen, 1961; 10. Macrothrix triserialis Brady, 1886; 11. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924; 12. Chydorus irinae Smirnov & Sheveleva, 2010; 13. Disparalona ikarus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 14. Ephemeroporus cf. barroisi (Richard, 1894); 15. Camptocercus uncinatus Smirnov, 1971; 16. Camptocercus vietnamensis Than, 1980; 17. Kurzia (Rostrokurzia) longirostris (Daday, 1898); 18. Leydigia (Neoleydigia) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854); 19. Monospilus daedalus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 20. Nedorchynchotalona chiangi Kotov & Sinev, 2011. Most of them are il- lustrated and briefly redescribed from newly collected material. We also provide illustrations of four taxa previously re- corded from Korea: Sida crystallina (O.F.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Web Topology and Parasites in the Pelagic Zone of a Subarctic Lake
    Journal of Animal Ecology 2009, 78, 563–572 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01518.x FoodBlackwell Publishing Ltd web topology and parasites in the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake Per-Arne Amundsen1*, Kevin D. Lafferty2, Rune Knudsen1, Raul Primicerio1, Anders Klemetsen1 and Armand M. Kuris3 1Department of Aquatic BioSciences, Norwegian College of Fishery Science, University of Tromsø, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway; 2US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, c/o Marine Science Institute, UC Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; and 3Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, UC Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA Summary 1. Parasites permeate trophic webs with their often complex life cycles, but few studies have included parasitism in food web analyses. Here we provide a highly resolved food web from the pelagic zone of a subarctic lake and explore how the incorporation of parasites alters the topology of the web. 2. Parasites used hosts at all trophic levels and increased both food-chain lengths and the total number of trophic levels. Their inclusion in the network analyses more than doubled the number of links and resulted in an increase in important food-web characteristics such as linkage density and connectance. 3. More than half of the parasite taxa were trophically transmitted, exploiting hosts at multiple trophic levels and thus increasing the degree of omnivory in the trophic web. 4. For trophically transmitted parasites, the number of parasite–host links exhibited a positive correlation with the linkage density of the host species, whereas no such relationship was seen for nontrophically transmitted parasites. Our findings suggest that the linkage density of free-living species affects their exposure to trophically transmitted parasites, which may be more likely to adopt highly connected species as hosts during the evolution of complex life cycles.
    [Show full text]
  • Regulation of Bosmina Longirostris by Leptodora Kindtii
    Limnol. Oceanogr., 36(3), 199 1, 483-495 0 199 1, by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, Inc Invertebrate predation in Lake Michigan: Regulation of Bosmina longirostris by Leptodora kindtii Donn K. Branstrator and John T. Lehman Department of Biology, Natural Science Building, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48 109 Abstract The density of Bosmina longirostris (0. F. Mueller) declined loo-fold between 25 June and 20 August 1985 in Lake Michigan; a similar pattern of changing abundances was observed in 1986 but not in 1987 or 1988. Bosmina collected from periods before and during the decline in 1985 and 1986 were examined for size at maturity and clutch size. Population size-frequency distributions suggest that some animals began to mature at smaller sizes during the decline in 1985. In some cases, the average clutch size for Bosmina of similar body lengths was significantly reduced during the decline in 1985 and 1986. These data suggest that food limitation was a factor in the species decline in both years. Gut content analyses indicate that of seven potential predators, Leptodora kindtii (Focke) was probably most responsible for Bosmina mortality. There is ample evidence that Leptodora does not consume strictly fluid from its prey: juvenile Leptodoru ate mainly smaller prey that included Bosmina and the rotifer Conochilus; adults ate a broader size range of prey that included mainly Bosmina, Daphnia, and copepods. In 1987 and 1988, Bythotrephes cederstroemii Schoedler was abundant in Lake Michigan and was contemporaneous with collapse ofthe Leptodora population and concurrent increase of the Bosmina population in August and September.
    [Show full text]
  • Food Resources of Lake Tanganyika Sardines Metabarcoding of the Stomach Content of Limnothrissa Miodon and Stolothrissa Tanganicae
    FACULTY OF SCIENCE Food resources of Lake Tanganyika sardines Metabarcoding of the stomach content of Limnothrissa miodon and Stolothrissa tanganicae Charlotte HUYGHE Supervisor: Prof. F. Volckaert Thesis presented in Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics fulfillment of the requirements Mentor: E. De Keyzer for the degree of Master of Science Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary in Biology Genomics Academic year 2018-2019 © Copyright by KU Leuven Without written permission of the promotors and the authors it is forbidden to reproduce or adapt in any form or by any means any part of this publication. Requests for obtaining the right to reproduce or utilize parts of this publication should be addressed to KU Leuven, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Geel Huis, Kasteelpark Arenberg 11 bus 2100, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Telephone +32 16 32 14 01. A written permission of the promotor is also required to use the methods, products, schematics and programs described in this work for industrial or commercial use, and for submitting this publication in scientific contests. i ii Acknowledgments First of all, I would like to thank my promotor Filip for giving me this opportunity and guiding me through the thesis. A very special thanks to my supervisor Els for helping and guiding me during every aspect of my thesis, from the sampling nights in the middle of Lake Tanganyika to the last review of my master thesis. Also a special thanks to Franz who helped me during the lab work and statistics but also guided me throughout the thesis. I am very grateful for all your help and advice during the past year.
    [Show full text]
  • ERSS-Fishhook Waterflea (Cercopagis Pengoi)
    Fishhook Waterflea (Cercopagis pengoi) Ecological Risk Screening Summary U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, February 2011 Revised, September 2017 Web Version, 11/30/2017 Photo: J. Liebig, NOAA GLERL. 1 Native Range and Nonindigenous Occurrences Native Range From Benson et al. (2017): “Black, Caspian, Azov, and Aral seas of Europe and Asia (Makarewicz et al. 2001)” Status in the United States From Benson et al. (2017): “Great Lakes Region Lake Ontario in 1998, Lake Erie in 2002 (Presque Isle), Lake Huron in 2002 (USEPA 2008), Lake Michigan in 1999 (Charlebois 2001), Finger Lakes et al. (Canandaiga, Cayuga, Keuka, Cross, Otisco, Owasco, and Seneca lakes) of New York. In the summer of 2001, C. pengoi was found in Muskegon Lake east of Lake Michigan (Therriault et al. 2002). A single specimen was collected from Lake Superior in 2003, but the species is not believed to be established there.” “Considered established in Lake Ontario, establishing itself quickly (similar to the invasion patterns in Europe) in the other Great Lakes (except L. Huron and Superior) and other inland lakes due to recreational boat traffic and other human activities (USEPA 2008).” 1 Means of Introduction into the United States From Benson et al. (2017): “Ballast water, boating” From Birnbaum (2011): “The colonization of North America by Cercopagis pengoi appears to be a secondary introduction from the Baltic Sea via ballast water (Cristescu et al. 2001).” Remarks From Benson et al. (2017): “According to the EPA's GARP model, C. pengoi, a free-swimming macroinvertebrate, would likely find suitable habitat throughout the Great Lakes region, except for the deeper waters of Lake Superior.
    [Show full text]
  • Do Littoral Macrophytes Influence Crustacean Zooplankton Distribution?
    Limnetica 23(1-2) 11/10/04 10:10 Página 57 57 Do Littoral Macrophytes Influence Crustacean Zooplankton Distribution? 1 2* A. M. Geraldes & M. J. Boavida 1 CIMO, Escola Superior Agrária de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia 5301-885 Bragança, Portugal ([email protected]) 2 Centro de Biologia Ambiental, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal ([email protected]) * Author for correspondence ABSTRACT In a meso-eutrophic reservoir, cladoceran and copepod assemblages were characterised in two sampling sites: One located in the pelagic zone (site 1) and the other in the shallow littoral zone (site 2), the latter colonised by emergent macrophytes. Samples were collected biweekly from June to July 2001 and from May to July 2002 at the two sites. At site 1, crustacean zooplankton samples were obtained by vertical hauls using a Wisconsin type net of 64 mm mesh size. At site 2 several random samples were obtained using a van Dorn bottle. Those samples were pooled together and the total sample was sieved through a 64 mm mesh size. Macrophyte relative abundance for each species was visually estimated. Macrophyte community was composed of Glyceria declinata, Eleocharis palustris and Carex sp. A Mann-Whitney U-test was carried out to test for statistically significant differences between sites, for environmental parameters and crustacean zooplankton species densities. Alona rectangula, Alona costata, Alona quadrangularis and Chydorus sphaericus were only found in littoral samples. Daphnia longispina, Daphnia pulex, Ceriodaphnia pulchella, Bosmina longirostris, Diaphanosoma brachyurum, Copidodiaptomus numidicus, and Acanthocyclops robustus were found at both sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Cladocera: Bosminidae), Based on Evidence from Male Morphological Characters and Molecular Phylogenies
    Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2009, 156, 1–51. With 27 figures Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies ALEXEY A. KOTOV1*, SEIJI ISHIDA2 and DEREK J. TAYLOR2 1A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Leninsky Prospect 33, Moscow 119071, Russia 2Department of Biological Sciences, The State University of New York at Buffalo, 109 Cooke Hall Buffalo, NY 14260, USA Received 25 December 2007; accepted for publication 21 April 2008 The systematics of the freshwater crustacean genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Anomopoda: Bosminidae) is notoriously confused. Part of the problem stems from a lack of characters in this cyclic parthenogen. We aimed to remedy this problem by scoring male morphological characters (previously described in just a few species), and by estimating molecular phylogenies. More specifically, the goals of this investigation are: (1) a detailed description of the adult males of Bosmina species; (2) a study of the changes of male characters during the postembryonic development in different subgenera; (3) an analysis of the taxonomical value of male characters; and (4) the estimation of a phylogenetic tree based on male characters and genetic characters from mitochondrial 16S rDNA and nuclear rDNA-internal transcribed spacers (ITS) gene sequences. We redescribed males of ten species: Bosmina (Bosmina) longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1785); Bosmina (Bosmina) liederi De Melo & Hebert, 1994; Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924; Bosmina (Sinobosmina) cf. fatalis cyanopotamia Burckhardt, 1924; Bosmina (Liedero- bosmina) meridionalis Sars, 1904; Bosmina (Liederobosmina) cf. hagmanni Stingelin, 1904; Bosmina (Luno- bosmina) oriens (De Melo & Hebert, 1994); palaearctic Bosmina (Eubosmina) cf.
    [Show full text]
  • Zooplankton in the Schelde Estuary, Belgium and the Netherlands
    JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH j VOLUME 26 j NUMBER 2 j PAGES 133–141 j 2004 Zooplankton in the Schelde estuary, Belgium and The Netherlands. Spatial and temporal patterns MICKY L. M. TACKX1*, NATHALIE DE PAUW2, RIET VAN MIEGHEM2, F. AZE´ MAR1, ABDELHACQ HANNOUTI2, STEFAN VAN DAMME3, FRANK FIERS4, NANETTE DARO2 AND PATRICK MEIRE3 1 LABORATOIRE D’ECOLOGIE DES HYDROSYTEMES (LEH); UNIVERSITE TOULOUSE III (PAUL SABATIER), BAT 4R3-118, ROUTE DE NARBONNE, F-31062 2 TOULOUSE, CEDEX 4, FRANCE, ECOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS LABORATORY, FREE UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS, PLEINLAAN 2, B-1050 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM, 3 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY, ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT RESEARCH GROUP, UNIVERSITY OF ANTWERP (UIA), UNIVERSITEITSPLEIN 1, B-2610 WILRIJK, 4 BELGIUM AND ROYAL BELGIAN INSTITUTE OF NATURAL HISTORY, VAUTIERSTRAAT 29, B-1000 BRUSSELS, BELGIUM *CORRESPONDING AUTHOR: [email protected] The zooplankton fauna of the Zeeschelde estuary (Belgium) was investigated over 10 months by means of monthly sampling. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to relate the species distribution to environmental factors. The variation in the species data was significantly + (P < 0.05) related to a set of 10 environmental variables (chlorinity, NH4 , temperature, À PO4-P , DW, Chl a and Chl b, NO2-N, NO3-N and pH). The main spatial and seasonal gradients were associated with chlorinity and temperature respectively. The brackish water zone was dominated by the calanoid Eurytemora affinis in spring, succeeded by Acartia tonsa and mysid species during summer. In the freshwater transect, cyclopoids dominated, together with several cladoceran species. Thermophilic cyclopoid species (Thermocyclops oithonoides, Th. crassus and Mesocyclops leuckarti) occurred during periods of maximal temperature.
    [Show full text]
  • Practical Guide to Identifying Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton
    Practical Guide to Identifying Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit 2004, 2nd edition Practical Guide to Identifying Freshwater Crustacean Zooplankton Lynne M. Witty Aquatic Invertebrate Taxonomist Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit Department of Biology, Laurentian University 935 Ramsey Lake Road Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6 http://coopunit.laurentian.ca Cooperative Freshwater Ecology Unit 2004, 2nd edition Cover page diagram credits Diagrams of Copepoda derived from: Smith, K. and C.H. Fernando. 1978. A guide to the freshwater calanoid and cyclopoid copepod Crustacea of Ontario. University of Waterloo, Department of Biology. Ser. No. 18. Diagram of Bosminidae derived from: Pennak, R.W. 1989. Freshwater invertebrates of the United States. Third edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York. Diagram of Daphniidae derived from: Balcer, M.D., N.L. Korda and S.I. Dodson. 1984. Zooplankton of the Great Lakes: A guide to the identification and ecology of the common crustacean species. The University of Wisconsin Press. Madison, Wisconsin. Diagrams of Chydoridae, Holopediidae, Leptodoridae, Macrothricidae, Polyphemidae, and Sididae derived from: Dodson, S.I. and D.G. Frey. 1991. Cladocera and other Branchiopoda. Pp. 723-786 in J.H. Thorp and A.P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press. San Diego. ii Acknowledgements Since the first edition of this manual was published in 2002, several changes have occurred within the field of freshwater zooplankton taxonomy. Many thanks go to Robert Girard of the Dorset Environmental Science Centre for keeping me apprised of these changes and for graciously putting up with my never ending list of questions. I would like to thank Julie Leduc for updating the list of zooplankton found within the Sudbury Region, depicted in Table 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Limnology of Lakes and Rivers (Zimbabwe) – Lindah Mhlanga
    LIMNOLOGY – Limnology of Lakes And Rivers (Zimbabwe) – Lindah Mhlanga LIMNOLOGY OF LAKES AND RIVERS (ZIMBABWE) Lindah Mhlanga 25 Sloane Street, Highlands, Harare, Zimbabwe Keywords: Lake Chivero, Lake Kariba, limnochemistry, phytoplankton, zooplankton, aquatic weeds, macroinvertebrates, eutrophication Contents 1. Introduction 2. Limnology of lakes 2.1. Geographical and ecological setting of Lake Kariba 2.1.1. Limnochemistry 2.1.2. Phytoplankton 2.1.3. Zooplankton 2.1.4. Aquatic Weeds 2.1.5. Macroinvertebrates 2.1.6. Pollution 2.2. Geographical and ecological setting of Lake Chivero 2.2.1. Eutrophication of Lake Chivero 2.2.2. Limnochemistry 2.2.3.Phytoplankton 2.2.4. Cyanotoxin Production 2.2.5 Zooplankton 2.2.6. Aquatic Weeds 2.2.7. Macroinvertebrates 3. Limnology of other dams 3.1. Cleveland dam 3.2. Mazvikadei dam 3.3. Munwahuku dam 3.4. Lake Mutirikwi 4. Limnology of rivers 4.1. Affluent rivers of Lake Kariba 4.2. Affluent rivers of Lake Chivero 5. Conclusions and way forward GlossaryUNESCO – EOLSS Bibliography Biographical SketchSAMPLE CHAPTERS Summary Considerable limnological information for lakes Kariba and Chivero starting from their formation to the current state is available. For Lake Kariba the focus of the studies has been to understand the hydrobiological changes in a man-made impoundment with regards to water quality and the aquatic fauna and flora. This information is presented in this review. Interest on Lake Chivero has been primarily to understand the impact of pollution on a reservoir that serves as a major source of drinking water for the city of ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) LIMNOLOGY – Limnology of Lakes And Rivers (Zimbabwe) – Lindah Mhlanga Harare.
    [Show full text]