Nordic Journal of Educational History

Volume 2 Number 1 Spring 2015 Nordic Journal of Educational History Volume 1 Number 2 Autumn 2014 Nordic Journal of Educational History SPECIAL ISSUE: THE HISTORY OF J EDUCATIONAL FINANCE H J Ed eISSN: 2001-9076 http://ojs.ub.umu.se/index.php/njedh NH J Ed eISSN: 2001-9076 http://ojs.ub.umu.se/index.php/njedh NH Vol. 2, no. 1 The Nordic Journal of Educational History (NJEDH) is an interdisciplinary journal dedicated to scho- larly excellence in the field of educational history. Its aim is to provide historians of education conduc- ting research of particular relevance to the Nordic region (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and political and geographic entities including the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Sápmi and Åland) and its educational contexts with a portal for communicating and disseminating their research. The journal particularly welcomes submissions comprising comparative studies of the educational history of the- se disparate precincts. The publishing language is English and the Nordic/Scandinavian languages. The journal applies a double blind peer review procedure and is accessible to all interested readers (no fees are charged for publication or subscription). The NJEDH publishes two issues per year (spring and autumn). For guidelines on submitting manuscripts, please visit: http://ojs.ub.umu.se/index.php/njedh/about/submissions Editor Assoc. Professor Johannes Westberg, Uppsala University, Sweden Associate Editors Dr Henrik Åström Elmersjö, Umeå University, Sweden Dr Björn Norlin, Umeå University, Sweden Editorial Board Professor Emerita Sirkka Ahonen, University of Helsinki, Finland Professor Astri Andresen, University of Bergen, Norway Professor Emeritus Donald Broady, Uppsala University, Sweden Assoc. Professor Catherine Burke, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom Assoc. Professor Craig Campbell, University of Sydney, Australia Professor Marcelo Caruso, Humboldt University, Germany Professor Ning de Coninck-Smith, Aarhus University, Denmark Professor Emerita Christina Florin, Stockholm University, Sweden Professor Eckhardt Fuchs, Georg Eckert Institute, Germany Professor Ian Grosvenor, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom Professor Emeritus Harry Haue, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark Professor Veli-Pekka Lehtola, University of Oulu, Finland Professor Daniel Lindmark, Umeå University, Sweden Professor Lars Petterson, Dalarna University, Sweden Professor Jukka Rantala, University of Helsinki, Finland Professor Harald Thuen, Lillehammer University College, Norway Mailing Address Email and phone Nordic Journal of Educational History Henrik Åström Elmersjö (Associate Editor) Department of Historical, Philosophical, [email protected] and Religious Studies +4690 7866816 Umeå University SE-901 87 Umeå Webpage Sweden http://ojs.ub.umu.se/index.php/njedh ISSN (online): 2001-9076 ISSN (print): 2001-7766 Table of Contents Editorial Notes from the Editorial Team 1–2 Björn Norlin & Henrik Åström Elmersjö Introduction The History of Educational Finance 3–22 Anne Berg, Samuel Edquist, Christin Mays, Johannes Westberg & Andreas Åkerlund Articles When Teachers Were Farmers: Teachers’ Allotted Farms and the Funding of 23–48 Mass Schooling, 1838–1900 Johannes Westberg The State and the Rise of a Continuous Popular Educational Sphere in Sweden c. 49–72 1870s–1910s Anne Berg Demarcating Popular Education with Government Subsidies: Sweden 1911–1991 73–96 Samuel Edquist The Economy of Scandinavian-American Exchange: Donations and Scholarships 97–118 in the American-Scandinavian Foundation, 1912–1995 Christin Mays & Andreas Åkerlund For Goodwill, Aid and Economic Growth: The Funding of Academic Exchange 119–140 Through the Swedish Institute 1945–2010 Andreas Åkerlund Concluding Remarks Why Do Finance? A Comment About Entanglements and Research in the 141–149 History of Education Marcelo Caruso Book Reviews Carla Aubry Kradolfer, Billig und (ge)recht? Winterthurs Schulen zwischen Poli- 151 tik und Ökonomie (1789–1869) (PhD diss, Universität Zürich, 2014) Peter Bernhardsson Nancy Beadie, Education and the Creation of Capital in the Early American 152 Republic (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010) Madeleine Michaëlsson Robert B. Archibald and David H. Feldman, Why Does College Cost So Much? 154 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011) Johannes Westberg Gabriele Cappelli, The Uneven Development of Italy’s Regions, 1861–1936: a 155 New Analysis Based on Human Capital, Institutional and Social Indicators (PhD diss., European University Institute, Florence, 2014) Johannes Westberg Nordic Journal of Educational History Vol. 2, no. 1 (2015) ISSN (online): 2001-9076 ISSN (print): 2001-7766 EDITORIAL Notes from the Editorial Team Björn Norlin Henrik Åström Elmersjö ne year has passed since the premiere issue of the Nordic Journal of Educational History (NJEdH) was launched, and the editorial team would like to take this Oopportunity to briefly inform our readers about the progress of the journal over the course of this inaugural year. However, first of all we would like to express our ge- nuine appreciation to the authors who have chosen to submit their manuscripts for review, to the reviewers who have put significant effort into securing and improving the scientific quality of the journal, to the editorial board for making valuable recom- mendations with regards to the journal’s improvement, to the various scholars who have expressed encouraging gratitude towards the general idea of the NJEdH, and, of course, to its expanding body of readers. Thank you all very much! The two separate issues made available last year included nine high quality articles from scholars in Denmark, Norway, Iceland, and Sweden covering a range of topics of ample concern for research on the educational past of the Nordic region. Of note is that many of the authors chose to submit their papers in Nordic/Scandinavian languages indicating the importance of the multilingual character of the journal. In parallel to publishing the two issues, the journal’s editorial team has worked hard to make the journal publicly known and to strengthen its representation in relevant scientific contexts. The journal is, for example, now listed in the Norwegian Register for Scientific Journals, Series and Publishers, which is used to evaluate and assess research not only by Norwegian research councils and universities, but also by other Nordic research councils and universities all over Scandinavia. As for quan- titative evaluations, an article in the NJEdH is now on par with an article in many of the most important journals in the field. Additional databases that have listed the NJEdH as an authorized publication channel include the Danish Ministry of Higher Education and Science. The journal will hopefully soon be indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and the editorial team will apply for its inclusion in the European Reference Index of the Humanities (ERIH) as soon as the journal fulfills the requirement of publication over two consecutive years. Furthermore, the NJEdH has been made publicly known through representation at international conferences, and it is now integrated into an international standing working group on the area of “Scientific Journals on History of Education”. During Nordic Journal of Educational History 2015. © Björn Norlin and Henrik Åström Elmersjö. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons CC-BY4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 2 Editorial the summer and early autumn of 2015, the journal will be presented at The Interna- tional Standing Conference for the History of Education in Istanbul (ISCHE), at the European Conference on Educational Research (ECER) in Budapest, and at the sixth session of the standing Nordic Conference in the Histories of Education in Uppsala this summer, a conference for which the journal also functions as a co-organizer. The issue at hand (vol. 2, no. 1) is thus the third issue of the NJEdH and is its first special issue. The highly interesting theme is History of Educational Finance, and it is edited by Associate Professor Johannes Westberg of Uppsala University. From now on, special issues are planned to be published every second year. Starting with this special issue, the journal will also include a review section. The themes and articles of this special issue are properly presented in the introduction, “The History of Educational Finance”, co-written by the editor and the authors of articles in the issue. This is followed by five peer-reviewed articles on the topic of educational finance covering subjects ranging from teacher’s allotted farms to financial issues concerning popular education and international scholarships. The last section contains concluding remarks on the special issue and its articles by Mar- celo Caruso, Professor of Educational History at the Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and a member of our editorial board. The reviews in this special issue also cover the subject of educational finance. We conclude by asking you all to spread the word about the Nordic Journal of Educational History. We believe that this journal deserves more readers as well as more authors, and that it is of great importance for the entire community of scholars interested in Nordic educational history that this journal becomes a vital part of Nordic, European, and global discussions on the educational past of the Nordic region. As always, we very much welcome your comments and ideas for furthering the advancement

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