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Bollettino Malacologico International Journal of Malacology XLVIII 2012 Supplemento 9 Arie W

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Bollettino Malacologico International Journal of Malacology XLVIII 2012 Supplemento 9 Arie W vol. XLVIII 2012 bollettino malacologico international journal of malacology XLVIII 2012 supplemento 9 Arie W. Janssen Late Quaternary to Recent holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) from bottom samples of the eastern Mediterranean Sea: systematics, morphology bollettino malacologico - international journal of malacology Direttore responsabile: Paolo Crovato e-mail: [email protected] supplemento 9 Coordinamento produzione: Prismi srl, Napoli Autorizzazione del Tribunale di Milano n. 479 del 15 ottobre 1983 Grafica e impaginazione: Grafica Elettronica srl, Napoli Poste Italiane - spedizione in a.p. - 70% Stampa: Arti Grafiche Solimene srl, Napoli Direzione Commerciale - Napoli Finito di stampare il 30 maggio 2012 ISSN 0394-7149 maggio 2012 spedizione n. 1/2012 Boll. Malacol., 48: 1-105 (suppl. 9, 2012) Late Quaternary to Recent holoplanktonic Mollusca (Gastropoda) from bottom samples of the eastern Mediterranean Sea: systematics, morphology Arie W. Janssen* * Netherlands Centre for Abstract Biodiversity Naturalis, P.O. Holoplanktonic molluscs of 62 bottom samples and the sieving residues < 0.6 mm of a single gravity core, were Box 9517, NL-2300 RA evaluated. The total number of species found in all samples together is 49 (Pterotracheoidea 11, Janthinidae 2, Leiden, The Netherlands; Limacinoidea 5, Cavolinioidea 16, Cymbulioidea 8, Gymnosomata 5, incertae sedis 2). Results obtained from the currently: 12, Triq residues of bottom samples only give information about which species have been present in the roughly esti- tal’Hamrija, Xewkija XWK 9033, Gozo, Malta; mated interval ‘late Pleistocene to Holocene, Recent included’. The gravity core samples were previously dated [email protected] on the basis of planktonic Foraminifera, comprising the interval of latest Saalian (Marine Isotope Stage 6) to Holocene, and some more detailed information on the vertical distribution of the species could be obtained. Construction of a ‘palaeoclimatological curve’, as done by numerous earlier authors, was not attempted. In the systematic part a neotype is designated for Atlanta keraudrenii Lesueur, 1817, and a lectotype for Steira la- manoni Eschscholtz, 1825, making both taxa to junior synonyms of Atlanta peronii Lesueur, 1817. Clio pyrami- data f. tyrrhenica nov. f. is introduced. For many species morphological details and questions concerning system- atics and/or nomenclature are discussed, in various cases also related to the desired position of a taxon at spe- cies, subspecies, or infraspecific level. Key words Holoplanktonic Mollusca, Pterotracheoidea, Janthinidae, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, systematics, Mediterra- nean, late Quaternary. Riassunto [Molluschi oloplanctonici tardo-quaternari ed attuali (Gastropoda) da campioni di fondo del Mediter- raneo orientale: sistematica, morfologia]. Sono stati presi in esame i molluschi oloplanctonici (Heteropoda, Janthinidae, Thecosomata e Gymnosomata) provenienti da 62 campioni di fondo raccolti da spedizioni Meteor e conservati in gran parte presso lo Senckenberg Museum (Francoforte sul Meno, Germania), e da diverse campa- gne dell’Istituto di Scienze Marine (ISMAR, Bologna). Tutti i campioni provengono dalla parte orientale del Medi- terraneo (Tirreno, Ionio e Bacino di Levante). Inoltre, sono stati esaminati i residui < 0.6 mm di un carotaggio a gravità, ubicato ad est di Gávdhos. In totale, sono state trovate 49 specie (Pterotracheoidea 11, Janthinidae 2, Limacinoidea 5, Cavolinioidea 16, Cymbulioidea 8, Gymnosomata 5, incertae sedis 2). I campioni ottenuti per dragaggio di solito forniscono semplicemente informazioni sulle specie presenti in un intervallo grossolanamente stimato come Pleistocene superiore-Olocene, incluso l’Attuale. I campioni del carotaggio erano stati in preceden- za datati tramite i foraminiferi planctonici, che indicano l’intervallo compreso tra il Saaliano terminale (Marine Isotope Stage 6) e l’Olocene. Per questi campioni è stato possibile ottenere dettagli sulla distribuzione verticale delle specie, sulla base di oltre 25.000 esemplari, in prevalenza giovanili o larvali. L’unico campione di età saalia- na, appena sotto il sapropel S5, assieme ai campioni dell’intervallo Eemiano comprendenti i sapropels S5, S4 ed S3, hanno fornito le associazioni oloplanctoniche più ricche, con oltre 2.000 esemplari per cm di sedimento in alcuni casi, e fino a 27 specie differenti per campione, alcuni delle quali sono indicatori di acque calde. Durante il Weichseliano, il numero di esemplari per specie diminuisce drasticamente e le specie di acque calde sono qua- si del tutto assenti, mentre una ben nota “specie fredda”, Limacina retroversa, è presente nei due terzi superiori dell’intervallo. Nella parte olocenica, comprendente gli ultimi 23 cm della carota, il numero di esemplari e di specie per campione torna ad aumentare, ma senza raggiungere i valori registrati per l’Eemiano, e ricompare la “specie calda” Heliconoides inflata. Nella parte sistematica, molto attenzione è dedicate alla morfologia e/o alla microstruttura di esemplari particolarmente giovani o larvali. In molti casi la tassonomia, la sinonimia e/o la no- menclatura delle specie viene discussa, con conseguenti insolite denominazioni, come per esempio il nome At- lanta selvagensis per A. inflata, Creseis clava (Rang, 1828) per C. acicula (Rang, 1828) (entrambi già discussi in precedenti lavori), e Oxygyrus inflatus Benson, 1835, per ciò che è di solito indicato come O. keraudrenii (Lesueur, 1817). I nomi Peracle elata (Seguenza, 1875) e P. diversa (Monterosato, 1875) sono accettati per le specie di solito indicate come P. triacantha (Fischer, 1882) e P. apicifulva (Meisenheimer, 1906), rispettivamente. Particolare attenzione è dedicata alle conchiglie larvali di specie praticamente noto solo attraverso le loro forme adulte, prive di conchiglia: Pterotrachea, Firoloida, Cymbulia, e diverse specie di Gymnosomata. Un tipo finora sconosciuto di conchiglia larvale di Pseudothecosomata (indicato come Peracle? sp.), riscontrato in numero considerevole nei campioni della carota e in diversi campioni di Bologna, rappresenta forse la conchiglia larva finora sconosciuta di Desmopterus papilio. In alcuni casi, non si concorda con l’elevazione di taxa a rango specifico, come avvenuto nella letteratura recente nell’ambito dei generi Diacria o Cavolinia, e si è dell’opinione che in futuro saranno ne- cessarie analisi di DNA per risolvere problematiche di questo tipo in maniera più oggettiva. Viene designato un neotipo per Atlanta keraudrenii Lesueur, 1817, ed un lectotipo per Steira lamanoni Eschscholtz, 1825, entrambi sinonimi di Atlanta peronii Lesueur, 1817. Viene descritta Clio pyramidata f. tyrrhenica nov. f. Parole chiave Mollusca oloplanctonici, Pterotracheoidea, Janthinidae, Thecosomata, Gymnosomata, sistematica, Mediterraneo, tardo Quaternario. 1 Introduction flata, Limacina trochiformis, Cavolinia inflexa, Diacria tri­ spinosa etc., to reconstruct Quaternary palaeoclimato- In spite of a large number of publications on Mediter- logical curves. Palaeotemperatures were also estimated ranean holoplanktonic molluscs an up-to-date list of using protoconch volumes of the species Clio pyramidata species actually living in the eastern part of that basin Linné, 1767 (van der Spoel, 1975, Diester-Haass & van (roughly east of 12°E) is not available and a considera- der Spoel, 1978; Biekart, 1989). ble number of questions on systematics, nomenclature In the present paper no new data are presented on the and stratigraphical as well as geographical distribution living fauna, as all material studied originates from still have to be answered. In the last few decennia sev- more or less superficial bottom samples and from one eral lists of Mediterranean mollusc species appeared, longer, so-called ‘gravity core’, all originating from E of partly also available on the internet (e.g. Sabelli et al., Sardinia. This paper aims at an inventory of late Qua- Arie W. Arie Janssen W. 1990-1992; Bedulli et al., 1995; Giovine in Stoch, 2003; ternary-Holocene shell-bearing pelagic molluscs and Ramazzotti et al., 2006, 2007) etc., but such lists usually discusses systematical and morphological items. are concentrated from the existing literature and are not based on primary research. Abbreviations Richter (1968) recorded 12 heteropod species from the Gulf of Naples, five of these being species without a DCS David P. Cilia, Santa Venera, Malta (private shell in the adult stage (for three of them also the larval collection). shell was described). Rampal (1975) arrived at a total MNHN Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, number of 29 Mediterranean pteropods. Piani (1980), in France. a list of shell bearing, living Mollusca covering the en- MZB Museo di Zoologia (now Museum of Evolu- tire Mediterranean basin listed only seven Heteropoda tion), Bologna, Italy. and 27 Pteropoda. Corselli & Grecchi (1990), however, NHMUK The Natural History Museum, London, UK discussing Mediterranean Thecosomata, accepted only (formerly BMNH). 13 species as continually living (and reproducing) in the RGM Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Natura- basin, among a total of 32 recorded species. Sabelli et al. lis, Palaeontology Department (formerly (1990-1992) mentioned 11 Heteropoda and 30 Pteropoda Rijks museum van Geologie en Mineralogie), (all Thecosomata). Bedulli et al. (1995) listed 29 Theco- Leiden, The Netherlands. somata and 17 Gymnosomata. Ramazzotti et al. (2007) RMNH Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Natura- listed (with synonyms, but without discussion,
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