Strategic Niche Management for Biomass
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Strategic niche management for biomass Citation for published version (APA): Raven, R. P. J. M. (2005). Strategic niche management for biomass: a comparative study on the experimental introduction of bioenergy technologies in the Netherlands and Denmark. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. https://doi.org/10.6100/IR590593 DOI: 10.6100/IR590593 Document status and date: Published: 01/01/2005 Document Version: Publisher’s PDF, also known as Version of Record (includes final page, issue and volume numbers) Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. 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If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.tue.nl/taverne Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim. Download date: 07. Oct. 2021 Strategic Niche Management for Biomass A comparative study on the experimental introduction of bioenergy technologies in the Netherlands and Denmark Rob Raven Strategic Niche Management for Biomass A comparative study on the experimental introduction of bioenergy technologies in the Netherlands and Denmark Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus, prof.dr.ir. C.J. van Duijn, voor een commissie aangewezen door het College voor Promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 21 juni 2005 om 16.00 uur door Robertus Petrus Johannes Maria Raven geboren te Geleen Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotor: prof.dr. J.W. Schot Copromotor: dr.ir. G.P.J. Verbong CIP-DATA LIBRARY TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT EINDHOVEN Raven, Robertus P.J.M. Strategic niche management for biomass : a comparative study on the experimental introduction of bioenergy technologies in the Netherlands and Denmark / by Robertus Petrus Johannes Maria Raven. – Eindhoven : Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, 2005. – Proefschrift. - ISBN 90-386-0285-5 NUR 973 Keywords: Strategic niche management / Biomass / Bioenergy / Co-firing / Manure digestion / Biogas / Socio-technical regime This research was funded by: Provincie Noord-Brabant, Essent, Nederlandse organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO) Cover design: Lennert van Hunen Text corrections: Bettina Lewis Printed by Eindhoven University Press Acknowledgements The writing of a thesis is an extraordinary process. It is a once in a lifetime experience, often accompanied by many lonely hours and brief moments of ‘Eureka!’. One faces all kinds of emotions like hope, despair and happiness. Sometimes, I felt proud, seeing the book slowly emerge from the pile of data, reports and interviews. At other times I wished that it emerged a little more quickly. There were also moments that the book seemed to write itself, but (unfortunately) such moments were scarce. Most of the time, writing this thesis just required much work and perseverance. I could not have done it without the help and support of many people. I am glad to have the opportunity to say some words of gratitude. First of all, I thank Geert Verbong for his daily support throughout the four-and-a-half years. As the direct supervisor of my project he has supported me with all the practical parts of carrying out research, but we also had numerous discussions on chapter drafts and conference papers. I thoroughly enjoyed co-writing articles with you and hope we continue to do so in the future. Besides being a helpful supervisor, I also enjoyed working with you because of your friendly personality: always time for a chat or a game of table tennis. The second person who has been committed from the beginning is Johan Schot. Johan, I have experienced you as a professor with an enormous energy for work, always working on new projects, but still time for dedicated and useful moments with your Ph.D. students. In the beginning we had extensive discussions in order to get the project on the right track. They were tough (many of my proposals and ideas ended up in the waste bin), but always useful and highly effective. In the past year, we discussed the chapter drafts and fortunately, they didn’t end up in the waste bin this time. Your comments were helpful and you were always able to provide me with new insights or some renewed spirit. I would also like to thank Frank Geels in this respect. He joined the supervision of my project at a later stage, but has nevertheless helped me out with many of the theoretical puzzles I’ve dealt with. Frank, I appreciate your straightforward comments. I also enjoyed you as a roommate, as well as your ‘Hans Teeuwen’ imitations, which you were always willing to throw in, asked or unasked. Many other people in the department of History, Philosophy and Technology Studies have contributed to this project. Big thanks go to all the secretaries (Mieke, Riet, Rianne, Lidwien, Marjet) who were supportive in many ways, from making a nice chat in the corridor to helping organise workshops and seminars. For letting off steam, several colleagues were willing to do some sporting, in particular Lambèr Rooijakkers, Eric van der Vleuten, and in the early days also Kees Boersma. I immensely enjoyed playing soccer, squash, cardio fitness and/or swimming with you. In this respect I can also mention the notorious ECIS soccer team, which symbolizes many great victories (though unfortunately even more losses). In general I vi Acknowledgements am grateful that I experienced a warm, pleasant atmosphere in the department, made possible by all the people working there, as was the case within the research community of the Eindhoven Centre for Innovation Studies. I am looking forward to continuing working with these groups for the next two years! Many people helped me out in Denmark. In particular I would like to thank Johannes Christensen, who was willing to provide me with a working place at the Danish Research Institute of Food Economics on such short notice. My appreciation also goes to Kurt Hjort- Gregersen, Teodorita Al Seadi and Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen of the Bioenergy Department in Esbjerg, who gave me a chance to witness the Danish biogas community from within. I thank Lars Nielsen from Risø, Morten Tonie Hansen of dK-Teknik, and Niels Meyer of the Technical University of Denmark for bringing me in touch with key players in the Danish bioenergy niche. The research project would not have been possible without financial support from Provincie Noord-Brabant, Essent and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research. My thanks go to Rob Remmers, Hans Meulenbeld and Lex Lemmens for their useful feedback, in particular during the early stages of the project. Unfortunately, the frequency of our meetings declined towards the end, but I hope that my book can be a useful contribution to further enhance bioenergy in the North-Brabant region. Saving the best for last. Friends and family have stayed with me over the past years and encouraged me in so many ways. Some encouraged me to continue in desperate times, others willingly listened to my little problems or stories, but most of you were just the perfect outlet to get things off my mind. I hope to continue sharing the good times with all of you! Special thanks go to my dear parents Piet and Alice: you have been the backbone of my life. I appreciate your unconditional love and support and hope to enjoy it for many more years. Finally, Colinda, your ability to love and laugh has meant a lot more to me than you yourself will ever acknowledge. You have carried a great deal of the burden of writing this thesis and it would only be fair to make you a little bit of a Doctor as well. I hope to have you around for all the years to come. Rob Raven, Eindhoven, July 22nd, 2004 Contents Chapter 1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Bioenergy in the Netherlands and Denmark: a brief introduction ................................... 3 1.3 Experimental introduction of technologies ...................................................................... 8 1.4 Research questions, case-studies