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4~B Farm. ~Eiectrifico.Tion ..i-· • .· I ~·t/1 11 Extension Bulletin No. 413 ~Janua ry , .. I q -... • ·.. .. • -, ·- ( .. 4~B ~ EieCtrificO. tion I 1 .. FarI ~ m~- . 1,.. ~- _.. t ..... .. ~ • • II t1 .I .i:' .~ • '• \,, - ll . .... ... I' f . ~ • ~ .. ~ • ,J •' . I ... j ~, !. - -· .. Published in cooperation with Washington Farm Electrification Committee and Department of Agricultural Engineering The State College of Washington 4-H FARM ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT LESSON NO. 1 BUILDING A TOOL CHEST This small wooden tool chest is your first project so you will have a place to keep the tools needed for your future electrification projects. Tools and sup- plies . other than those suggested in Fig. 3 may be added when needed. BILL OF MATERIAL 1 piece of 1" x 10" x 18" for top 1 piece of 1" x 8" x 16 ~ for bottom 2 pieces 1" x 6" x 18" (front & back) 2 pieces 1" x 6" x 8" for two ends 2 small hinges with wood screws 2 small handles with ·wood screws 1 small hasp with wood screws 1 small chain 10" to 12" long No. 6 penny finishing nails HOW TO CONSTRUCT TOOL CHEST Fig. 1 Tool Chest Parts 1. Secure the lumber and cut into the lengths as shown. In case 1" lumber cannot be obtained, you can use 3/4" plywood or other similar lumber. 2. Lay the pieces out as shown in Fig. 1, and then start construe- tion. Fig. 2 Completed Tool Chest - 2 - 3. Set up the two ends and nail on the bottom section. Then set up the front and back and nail to the ends and along the bottom. 4. Lay the top in place and attach the hinges to the back side about two inches from each end. 5. Attach one part of the hasp to the top and the other to the front board. Then fasten the handles to each end as shown in Fig. 2. 6 . The completed chest as shown in Fig. 2 can be painted with the colors of your club. In addition. your name and the name of your club should be placed on top. PLIERS 3 . SLIP JOtN 'f PLIERS Fig. 3 First Year Tools - 3 - INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CLUB MEMBER (Here is what you are to do in Lesson No. l to receive project credit). l. Obtain the lumber and materials listed under "Bill of Materials." 2. Build a good strong tool chest as shown in Figures l and 2. 3. Obtain the tools shown in Fig. 3 so you will have them to use in your future farm electrification projects. 4. Make a list of your tools and tack it to the inside top of the tool chest. When you add new tools , add them to your list. 5. Display your tool chest and tools at a Fair. SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEADER {This is what to do in meeting No. l) l. Bring some carpenter tools and have the club members bring their lumber and start them building their tool chests. OR: 2. Demonstrate , and have members practice cutting wire, removing insulation and making loop eyes. This will require scrap wire. pliers, and jack-knife. For instructions, you can refer to lesson No. 2. - 4 - 4-H CLUB FARM ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT LESSON NO.2 SPLICES AND CONNECTIONS One of the important steps in keeping the farm and house electrical wiring in good repair is to make suitable splices and connections. Fig. 1 shows some of the most popular splices and connections that are used in electrical wiring. Some good rules in splicing are: 1. Make the connections and splices as strong as the original wire. 2. Solder the connections to make them secure and have good electrical contact.* 3. The insulation should be replaced equal to that of the original insulation prior to splicing.* Forming Eyes for Terminal Screw Connections: In fastening a wire to a switch or receptacle, it is desirable to make an eye on the end of the wire so that there will be ample electrical contact surface between the wire, screw and base. In making eyes for electrical connection, use the following procedure: (Also see Fig. 4 and 5). 1. Remove 1/2" to 3/4" of insulation. Pee 1 the insulation in the same manner as you would sharpen a pencil. Be careful and not damage the wire. If linemen's pliers are available, the wire can be inserted through the handle ~(Instruction in soldering and taping will be given in a future lesson. - 5 - WIRES FOR RAT-TAIL SPLICE STEPS IN MAkiNG AN EYE STEP NO ·- 1 :r--- tli RAT- TAIL SPLICE STEP NO. 2 ,_ ; --- ~ •JlJ----~------· COMMON SPLICE FINISHED EYE • : ---- ~.. r CENTER TAP END TAP Fig. 4 This is the type of dis play panel t o make -6 - side of the pliers next to the jaw. Pressing on the handles of the pliers will then break the insulation without damaging the wires. 2. Clean the wire by scraping with a knife. 3. Make a right angle bend in the wire and, by using long nose pliers, draw the end around (as in Fig. 5) to form the eye. Fig. 5 Method of Forming Eyes Common Splice (Western Union Splice): The common splice is used ·where it is des:lred to splice two wires to form one straight continuous wire. It will take a great deal. of pull without breaking if properly made. Procedure in making a common splice: 1. Remove about 3., of insulation from the ends of each wire. 2. Clean the wires by scraping with a knife. 3. Using pliers, make a right angle bend on each wire. 4. Hold the wires together tightly with a pair of pliers at the joint. Then with a second pair of pliers wrap the loose ends to form a finished splice as shown in Fig. 6. r - 7 - A Fig. 6 Method of Making Common Splice Center Tap: This splice is used largely where you have a continuous wire onto which is desired to tap an additional wire. Procedure: 1. Remove about 1-1/4" of insulation on the main wire. 2. Remove about 1-1/2" of insulation from the wire to be attached. 3. Clean both wires by scraping with a knife. 4. Splice wires as shown in Fig. 7. Fig. 7 Center Tap - 8 - "Rat-tail" Splice: This splice is used in outlet boxes- or other places · where there is. no pull on the wires . Procedure: 1. Remove about 1-1/2" of insulation from the ends of the wires to be spliced. 2. Clean wires by scraping with a knife. 3. Using linemen's pliers, twist wires together as shown in Fig. 8, A B Fig. 8 Method of Making "Rat-tail" Splice End Tap: This splice may be used where it is desired to take a small feeder wire from a larger wire. It is very hard to make a rat-tail splice when the two wires are of different sizes. A convenient splice to use would be the end , tap. See Fig. 9. - 9 - ::~:;:;:~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~:;:~=~=~=~=~:;:~:~:~:~:;:~:~:~:;:~=~=~=i=~=~=~=~=~:;:~=~=~=~=~=~=~=~:;:;:~:~:~:~:;:~=~=~=~:;:;:~=~~~;~;;;~:~:;:;~~=~~~;~;~~;~;;;~~~;~;~~~~~~;~~~~~;~~~;~~~= ~~ :!!i!ii!i!i~i!i!~i!i!i!i!i!i!i!il!i!ii!ii!ii!i!i!i!i!ii!i!i~!i!i!Ii!Ii!i!i!ii!i!i!i!i!i!Ii!i!i!i!i!i!i!ii!i!Ii!i!i!i!i!i!iti!i!i!i!i!i~i!i~!~!= ~:;, Fig. 9 End Tap Procedure in making end taps: l. Remove 1-1/4, of the insulation from the end of the larger wire. 2. Remove about 2" of the insulation from the smaller wire. 3. Clean the wire by scraping with a knife. 4. Starting from the insulated end of the large wire, wrap smaller wire as shown in Fig. 9, then clamp the larger wire over the twisted small wire as shown. - 10 - INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CLUB MEMBER (Here is what you are to do in Lesson No.2 to receive project credit). 1. Carefully read the material in lesson No. 2. 2. Make the splices and connections described in the lesson. 3. Make a display panel using the splices and connections made in this lesson. A convenient size for the panel would be a 24., x 24" piece of wood or card- board. Use small staples to attach the wires to the board. Label each splice as shown in Fig. 4. 4. Display this panel at a fair. s·. Answer the following questions: Questions 1. Name three good rules that are important in splicing wires. 2. Where should eye-loops be used? 3. Will a common splice endure severe pull if properly made? 4. Describe the steps in making a rat tail splice. 5. Describe the steps in making an end tap. SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEADER (This is what to do in meeting No. 2). 1. Demonstrate to your class how to make the splices and connections shown in this lesson. 2. This lesson will require a supply of No. 12 wire, and the tools suggested in lesson No. 1. - 11 - 4-H FARM ELECTRIFICATION PROJECT LESSON NO.3 BASIC ELECTRICAL TERMS AND UNDERWRITER'S KNOT Electricity can light our lamps, cook our food, run our motors, operate our radio, and do many other useful tasks. To better understand electricity, a few simple electrical definitions are listed in this lesson. Study them carefully. Volt: This is a unit of measure of electrical force. It may be compared to pressure of water in a pipe. The volt is the pressure required to push electricity through a wire just like the pressure that is necessary to push water through a pipe.
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