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From Political Islam to Islamic Politics JISP L JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC POLITICS FROM POLITICAL ISLAM TO ISLAMIC POLITICS DISCIPLINE-ORIENTED RESEARCH ARTICLE A CRITICAL APPROACH BASED ON KANT ON DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORY: CULTURAL OR SYSTEMIC DEMOCRATIZATION? BY ALI IHSAN KAHRAMAN DISCIPLINE-ORIENTED RESEARCH ARTICLE A CRITICAL APPROACH ON THE CROWDING-OUT EFFECT OF INTERNATIONAL MILITARY COALITIONS TO REGIONALISM: THE CASE OF ISRAEL’S INCLUSION TO CENTCOM BY HURSIT DINGIL ISLAM-ORIENTED RESEARCH ARTICLE IBN KHALDUN AND POLITICAL ISLAM IN TURKEY: A HISTORICAL RE-READING ATTEMPT BY MUCAHIT BEKTAS DISCIPLINE-ORIENTED POLICY PAPER THE RE-EVALUATION OF RUSSIAN STRATEGIC PRESENCE IN THE MIDDLE EAST BY SHOAIB KHAN ISLAM-ORIENTED POLICY PAPER THE ORIGINS OF SALAFISM IN ISLAM BY CAGRI KOSAK BOOK REVIEW THE HELL OF GOOD INTENTIONS: AMERICA’S FOREIGN POLICY ELITE AND THE DECLINE OF US PRIMACY BY CAGRI KOSAK VOLUME: 1 ISSUE: 1 YEAR: 2021 E-ISSN: 2791-7525 ISSUE DOI: 10.2021/jispol.v1i1 JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC POLITICS Journal of Islamic Politics (JISPOL) a peer-reviewed international academic pub- lication that is published twice a year in July and December. JISPOL focuses on contributing to academic knowledge on the mental interrelationship between clas-sical Islamic thought and contemporary academic disciplines. JISPOL focuses on the future of Muslim World. Volume: 1 Number: 1 Year: 2021 Online ISSN: 2791-7525 Issue DOI: 10.2021/jispol.v1i1 Indexes: Google Scholar ISTANBUL, TURKEY © 2021 www.jispol.com JOURNAL OF ıslamıc polıtıcs EDıtorıal TEAM FROM POLITICAL ISLAM TO ISLAMIC POLITICS VOL.1 NO.1 E-ISSN: 2791-7525 OWNER EDITOR IN CHIEF ALI IHSAN KAHRAMAN ALI IHSAN KAHRAMAN ASSOCIATE EDITORS POLITICAL SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS MUSTAFA EDIP CELIK NURULLAH TIRMAN REGIONAL STUDIES BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT ABDESSAMAD RAGHIBI ANAS ALAOUI MDAGHIRI ISLAMIC ECONOMICS INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS HAKKI KEMAL YILMAZ PHD XENOPHOBIA POLITICAL PSYCHOLOGY PHD PHD PUBLICATION COORDINATOR DESIGNED BY AHMET SAGLAM ALI IHSAN KAHRAMAN JOURNAL OF ıslamıc polıtıcs ADVısorY BOARD ADVISOR/UNIVERSITY JISPOL DISCIPLINE Afifi AL-AKITI, Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies Political Science Ahmet Faruk AYSAN, Hamad Bin Khalifa University Business & Management Altay ATLI, Bogazici University International Relations Berdal ARAL, Istanbul Medeniyet University International Relations Burhan ULUYOL SAITI, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Islamic Economics Cihat TERZIOGLU, Istanbul Medipol University Business & Management Giray GOZGOR, Istanbul Medeniyet University International Economics Hafas FURQANI, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar Raniry Islamic Economics Hassan KHALILIEH, Haifa University International Relations Hatice KARAHAN, Istanbul Medipol University International Economics Helin SARI ERTEM, Istanbul Medeniyet University Regional Studies Ihsan ISIK, Rowan University Islamic Economics Isa YILMAZ, Istanbul Medeniyet University Islamic Economics Kadir TEMİZ, Istanbul Medeniyet University Regional Studies M. Aslam HANEEF, International Islamic University of Malaysia Islamic Economics Muhammad Kabir HASSAN, University of Orleans Islamic Economics Majid WADOOD, Tokyo University Business & Management Mansor IBRAHIM, The Global University of Islamic Finance- Islamic Economics Manzoor K. AFRIDI, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Islamic Economics Muhammad KHAN, International Islamic University, Islamabad Regional Studies O. Ismath BACHA, The Global University of Islamic Finance Islamic Economics Ozden Zeynep OKTAV, Istanbul Medeniyet University Regional Studies Sadık UNAY, Istanbul University International Relations Selim KAYHAN, Necmettin Erbakan University Islamic Economics Shoaib KHAN, University of Mumbai Regional Studies Tarikqullah KHAN, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Islamic Economics Zeyneb Hafsa ORHAN, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Islamic Economics JOURNAL OF ıslamıc polıtıcs TABLE OF CONTENTS FROM POLITICAL ISLAM TO ISLAMIC POLITICS VOL.1 NO.1 ALI IHSAN KAHRAMAN/RESEARCH ARTICLE THE CRITICAL APPROACH BASED ON KANT ON DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORY: CULTURAL OR SYSTEMIC 7 - 29 DEMOCRATIZATION? HURSIT DINGIL/RESEARCH ARTICLE A CRITICAL APPROACH ON INTERNATIONAL MILITARY COALITIONS: THE CASE OF ISRAEL’S INCLUSION TO 30 - 44 CENTCOM MUCAHIT BEKTAS/RESEARCH ARTICLE IBN KHALDUN AND POLITICAL ISLAM IN TURKEY: 45 - 57 A RE-READING ATTEMPT SHOAIB KHAN/POLICY PAPER THE RE-EVALUATION OF RUSSIA’S ENTRY TO THE MIDDLE 58 - 72 EAST CAGRI KOSAK/POLICY PAPER 73 - 82 THE ORIGINS OF SALAFISM IN ISLAM CAGRI KOSAK/BOOK REVIEW THE HELL OF GOOD INTENTIONS: AMERICAN FOREIGN 83-88 POLICY ELITE AND THE DECLINE OF US PRIMACY ALI IHSAN KAHRAMAN https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9514-7210 ISTANBUL MEDENIYET UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] Submission Date: 01.05.2021 Review Date: 20.05.2021 Acceptance Date: 24.05.2021 Publication Date: 17.07.2021 JISPOL Structure: Discipline-Oriented Research Paper JISPOL Discipline: International Relations Special Field: International Relations Theories Vol.1 No.1 E-ISSN: 2791-7525 DOI: 10.2021/jispol.v1i1.1 THE CRITICAL APPROACH ON DEMOCRATIC PEACE THEORY: CULTURAL OR SYSTEMIC DEMOCRATIZATION? ABSTRACT This article suggests that the democratic peace theory made a mistake in its Kant readings. To argue this suggestion, this paper is organized as follows. Firstly, an unheeded dimension of Kantian philosophy about the democratization process of states and societies will be introduced. Secondly, the connections between the democratic peace theory and Kant will be revisited in terms of this unheeded dimension. The aim of this section is to prepare the discussion on the failure of Democratic Peace Theory on Kant. Thirdly, the empirical analysis based on th- ree difference and wide datasets which are World Governance Indicators 2016, the Uppsala Conflict Database Program 2016 (UCDP), and Polity IV. The conc- luding remarks will summarize how the democratic peace theory misread Kant. Keywords: Kantian Philosophy, Democratic Peace Theory, Liberal Democracy, Democratization, Republic To cite this article: Kahraman, A.I. (2021). The Critical Approach on Democra- tic Peace Theory: Cultural or Systemic Democratization. Journal of Islamic Politi- cs, 1(1), 7-29. JOURNAL OF ıslamıc polıtıcs VOL. 1 NO. 1 INTRODUCTION After the Global Economic Crisis, the international system has experienced many essential changes in terms not only of practical relations but also of its philosophical or ideological roots. The last one can be the discussions on lib- eral democracy. Especially, the rise of populism and conservatism in interna- tional politics gives momentum to the debates on the aftermath of liberal de- mocracy. The policy preferences of the US in Trump administration shifted the illiberal/conservative economic and trade policies to the origins of the world economic system. The rise of economic conservatism has also some political reflections on states. The discussions on liberal democracy has also started to encourage critics on theoretical frameworks related to liberal democracy. Dem- ocratic Peace Theory, indeed, has been criticized for a long time in terms of its application to the practical world; however, the reflections of rise in economic conservatism on politics make the re-evaluation of democratic peace theory. This article suggests that the democratic peace theory made a mistake in its Kant readings. To argue this suggestion, this paper is organized as follows. Firstly, an unheeded dimension of Kantian philosophy about the democratiza- tion process of states and societies will be introduced. Secondly, the connec- tions between the democratic peace theory and Kant will be revisited in terms of this unheeded dimension. The aim of this section is to prepare the discus- sion on the failure of Democratic Peace Theory on Kant. Thirdly, the empirical analysis based on three difference and wide datasets which are World Gover- nance Indicators 2016, the Uppsala Conflict Database Program 2016 (UCDP), and Polity IV. The concluding remarks will summarize how the democratic peace theory misread Kant. THE UNHEEDED DIMENSON OF KANTIAN POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY The discipline of international relations is a field under the influence of various academic disciplines. Political science, sociology, and eco- nomics are at the forefront of these disciplines. To understand interna- tional politics, academics must utilize not only from the international relations discipline, but also from political science, sociology, and eco- nomics and Immanuel Kant is a philosopher academic who influenced the roots of many academic discipline. While Kant’s studies on liberal state thought and republican institutions led to important discussions on political philosophy, his famous work ‘Perpetual Peace’ maintains its 8 JOURNAL OF ıslamıc polıtıcs alı ıHSAN KAHRAMAN importance among the sources used to solve the problems of today’s in- ternational arena (Gözen, 2014, p. 32). As a result of the developments in the 20th century, studies on international relations are almost under the occupation of questions on the ‘causes of wars’. However, especially after the end of the Cold War and the start of proxy wars, the questions in international relations have started to change, too. The main and new questions of the international relations discipline after this change consist of problems like the reasons for the implemen- tation of state policies (Palmer & Morgan, 2006), foreign policy decision mechanisms (Jervis, 2017), the effect of differences in state regimes on international relations (Doyle, 1982, 1986; Garnham, 1986), differenc-
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