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Chapter-5-Final-2015 2015 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual The 2015 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual is published by the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, NC State University, Raleigh, N.C. These recommendations apply only to North Carolina. They may not be appropriate for conditions in other states and may not comply with laws and regulations outside North Carolina. These recommendations are current as of November 2014. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your county Cooperative Extension agent. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in this document does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. V — INSECT CONTROL Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees ........................................................................................... 70 Reducing the Risk of Pesticide Poisoning to Honey Bees ......................................................................... 72 Insect Control in Field Corn ....................................................................................................................... 74 Insect Control in Grain Sorghum ................................................................................................................ 77 Insect Control in Small Grains ................................................................................................................... 78 Insect Control on Cotton ............................................................................................................................ 80 Cotton Insect Resistance Management ..................................................................................................... 84 Insect Control on Peanuts .......................................................................................................................... 86 Insect Control in Soybeans ........................................................................................................................ 88 Insect Control on Flue-Cured and Burley Tobacco .................................................................................... 91 Insect Control for Commercial Vegetables ................................................................................................ 97 Relative Effectiveness of Insecticides and Miticides for Insect and Mite Control on Vegetables ............ 131 Preharvest Intervals for Pyrethroid Insecticides in Vegetable Crops ....................................................... 133 Insect Control for Greenhouse Vegetables .............................................................................................. 134 Insect Control for Livestock and Poultry .................................................................................................. 136 Community Pest Control .......................................................................................................................... 143 Industrial and Household Pests ............................................................................................................... 146 Arthropod Management for Ornamental Plants Grown in Greenhouses ................................................. 149 Arthropod Management for Ornamental Plants Grown in Nurseries or Landscapes ............................... 153 Arthropod Control on Christmas Trees .................................................................................................... 159 Commercial Turf Insect Control ............................................................................................................... 163 Insect Control for Wood and Wood Products ........................................................................................... 168 Insect Control for the Home Vegetable Garden ....................................................................................... 172 Control of Household Pests ..................................................................................................................... 176 Insect Control for Home Lawns ................................................................................................................ 184 69 Chapter V — Insect Control Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees David R. Tarpy, Professor and Extension Apiculturist Most pesticides are at least somewhat toxic to honey bees; however, the degree of toxicity varies considerably from product to product. Insecticides are generally the most likely to cause a bee kill; herbicides, fungicides, and defoliants present minor danger to bees if used according to label directions. Pesticides are listed by common and/or brand name(s). Sources: Atkins, E. L., 1988 as printed in Atkins, E.L. 1992. Injury to Honey Bees by Poisoning in Hive and the Honey Bee. Dadant and Sons; Hamilton, IL pp. 1153–1208; Traynor, J., 1998. Revised, “Injury to Honey Bees by Poisoning” The Speedy Bee. 27:13–14. Table 5-1A. Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees Group 1 — Highly Toxic. Severe bee losses may be expected IF the following pesticides are used when bees are present, or the product is applied near beehives, or within a day after application to foraging bees in the pesticide application area. acephate (Orthene) dimethoate (Cygon, DE-FEND) methidathion (Supracide) aldicarb (Temik) esfenvalerate (Asona) methiocarb (Mesurol) arsenicals famoxadone (Famoxate) methomyl (Lannate, Nudrin) avermectin famphur (Famophos) methoprene azinphos-methyl (Guthion) fenitrothion (Sumithion) mexacarbate (Zectran) bifenthrin (Brigade, Discipline) fenpropathrin (Danitol, Dasanit) monocrotophos (Azodrin) carbaryl (Sevin 80 S) fenthion (Baytex) naled (Dibrom) chlorpyrifos (Dursban, Lorsban) famoxadone (Famoxate) permethrin (Ambush, Pounce) clothianidin (Poncho 600) gamma-cyhalothrin (Prolex) phosmet (Imidan) cyfluthrin (Baythroid) imidacloprid prallethrin (ETOC) cypermethrin (Ammo) indoxacarb (Steward, Avaunt) propoxur (Baygon) deltamethrin (Decis) lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate) pyrazophos (Afugan) d-phenothrin (Sumithrin) lindane resmethrin (Synthrin) diazinon (Spectracide) LPOS (Sulfotine, RAID TVK) spinosad (XDE-105, Tracer) dichlorvos (DDVP, Vapona) malathion (Cythion) zetamethrin (Mustang max) dicrotophos (Bidrin) methamidophos (Monitor, Tamaron) Group 2 — Moderately Toxic. These pesticides can be used in the vicinity of bees if dosage, timing, and method of application are correct; but these products should never be applied directly on bees in the field or at the colony location (apiaries). abemectin (Zephyr) endosulfan (Thiodan)endothion propamocarb hydrochloride (Banol) acetamiprid ethoprop (Mocap) pyrethrum aldicarb sulfoxide fonofos (Dyfonate) ronnel bifenazate (Floramite) formetanate (Carzol) sumithrin (Anvillollo) aluminum phosphide (Phostoxin) oxamyl (Vydate) tartar emetic Bacillius thuringiensis (Di-Beta) oxydemeton-methyl (Metasystox-R) temephos (Abate) Biothion phorate (Thimet) terbufos (Counter) carbophenothion phosalone (Zolone) thiacloprid (Calypso, YRC-2894) coumaphos (Co-Ral) profenofox (Curacron) thiazopyr (MANDATE, VISOR) crotoxyphos propamocarb (Carbamult) thiodicarb (Larvin) crotoxyphos (Ciodrin) 70 Chapter V — Insect Control Table 5-1A. Relative Toxicity of Pesticides to Honey Bees Group 3 — Relatively Non-Toxic. These pesticides can be used around bees with a minimum risk of injury. Acaricides, Diseases, IGRs, and Insecticides aldoxycarb (Standak) cyromazine (Trigard) pirimicarb (Pirimor) allethrin dibromochloropropane (Nemagon) polynactins azadirachtin (Margosan-O) dicofol (Dicofol, Griffin dicofol) propargite (Comite, Omite) Bacillus thuringiensis (Biotrol) diflubenzuron (Dimilin) pymetrozine (Fulfill, Endeavor) Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipel) dinobuton (Dessin) pyrethrum Bacillus thuringiensis (Thuricide) dioxathion (Delnav) pyriproxyfen B.t. kurstaki (Dipel 4L) ethion (Ethiol) rotenone B.t. kurstaki (Javelin) Heliothis virus ryania B.t. tenebrionis methoxychlor (Marlate) tetradifon (Tedion) chlorobenzilate (Acaraben) multimethylalkenols (Stirrup) tetraflubenzuron (CME) chlorobenzilate (Folbex) nicotine trichlorfon (Dylox) clofentizine (Apollo) Nosema locustae (Canning) Z-11-hexadecanol (tomato pinworm pheromone) cryolite (Kyocide) oxythioquinox (Morestan) cymiazole (Apitol) Fungicides acibenzolar-S-methyl (Actigard) cymoyanil (Curzate 60DF) maneb (Manzate) anilazine (Dyrene) cyprodinil (Vangard WP) metiram (Polyram)nabam (Parzate) anilazine (Kemate) dazomet (Mylone) polyphase P-100 (Troyson) azoxystrobin (Heritage) dicholone prochloraz benomyl (Benlate) dimethomorph (Acrobat MZ) prochloraz/carbendazin (Sportac) bordeaux mixture diniconazole (Spotless) sulfur captafol (Difolatan) dinocap (Karathane) thiram captan (Orthocide) dithianon (Thynon) thiramlmethoxychlor (Atasan) chloropicrin dodine (Cyprex) trifloxystrobin (Flint, Stratego, Compass) copper 8-quinolinate fenaminosulf (Lesan) triforine (Funginex ) copper hydroxide fenhexamid (Elevate 50 WDG) triphenyltin hydroxide (Du-Ter) copper oxychloride sulfate fluazinam (Omega 500F) ziram (Zerlate) copper sulfate—monohydrated folpet (Phaltan) zoxamide (Zoxium 80W) cuprous oxide glyodin (Glyoxide) cyclanilide
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