- I ?a _- Volume 7 Number 2 Oregon State University June 2001

mce Newhouse, President of the Native Don't give up groundsmoking Society of Oregon by Kentan L. Chnmbers by Rhoda Love When a plant has such an unusual common name as "groundsmoke," it is hard to resist a punning title for an '7 love nafive ," confessed Bruce Newhouse m a arbcle dealing with the genus of family recent interview, "and am very, very lucky thatmy vocation . Although @is genus has only six species in and avocation are one and the same." Oregon, its morphologi~alcomplexity and the difficulty of Bruce Newhouse, President of the Native Plant Society drawing clear lines between irs species might indeed cause , . of Oregon and co-founder of the environmental consulting a person to "~veup" trying to identify them. My reply to partnership, Salix Associates, was bornin Oregon City and such a complaint would be that yes, it's a complex little grew up in Lake Oswego. He credits his mother's genus, hut the fun of studying it is in learning the biological wildflower garden as well as fly-fishing trips with his father basisof its taxonomic diB?culties. Fortunarely, the biology to the ClackamasRiver with originally awakening his of gmundsmoke is well explained in an excellent taxonomic interestin native plants. Later, as a teen, he hiked in the revision written by Harlan Lewis and Jeny Szweykowski Mount Ho~dNationalForest, developing a deep attraction way backin 1964 [The genus Gayophytum(0nagraceae). for nature. "Ileamed all the Cascade trees andwildflowers Brittonia 16: 343-3911, Ihad the pleasure of accompanying on my own," he says. Dr. Lewis ona collecting trip in central Oregon in 1962, so I Bruce is a maduate of Oregon State Umversitv where - - learned thk secrets of Gayophytum at the master's bee, as ' he studied forestry and landscape architecture, taking his . it were. Recently I preparedatreahnentfor the Oregon BS degreein 1977in environmental science. Aftercollege Checklist, reacquainting myself with he first worked with the Multnomah County Outdoor :;, groundsmoke by shldying and annotahng the several School and later as a land use planner in Grants Pass, hundred Gayophytum specimens in the herbarium at Josephine County. Bmce then moved on to city planning in Oregon State University. Springfield, learn that post to becomepart of a team In Oregon, Gayophynunoccurs almost entjrely from which sumeyed vegetation on all 1500miles of Lane the crest of the Cascades eastward; its species are common County roadsides in 1989. In the early 90s BNG~co- in dry shrublands, rangelands, and open forests of juniper, founded a consulting firm, Sdix Associates, with partners ponderosa-pine grand-fir. It reaches high elevations on Dick Brainerd andPeter Zika. The group undertakes certain Cascade peaks, an Steens Mountain, and in the variouspro~ectssuch as vegetation mapping and wildlife Wallowa Mountains, however. Closely allied genera of See Newhouse, uaae 8 Onagraceae include Camissonia and Oenothera, and this relationship helps to explain one of the peculiarities of Gayophynun's biology -a chromosomal featute called 'structural heterozygosity," which occms also in these related genera. Two other processes, polyploidy and hybridization, complicatethebioIogi~alrelationshipswithin Gqyophytum, as they do in many other genera of flowering plants. To assist this discussion, I have reproduced here a modifiedversion ofLewis and Szweykowski's chart of species relationships, (fig. 3, p. 11) on which ahorizontal line separates six ancestrat diploid species, below, from two derived tetraploid species. The diploids occurring in Oregon are G. humile, G. decipiens, G. ramosiasimum, and G. heterozygum Our tetraploid taxa are G. racemosum and G. drpsum, the lattet having two subspecies that completely overlap geographically and differ midyin Bruce Newho~~,UI, close andpersonal with a delphinium See Gayaphytm, page 10 I The Oregon Book Newkouse, conrznued from front page by Rhoda Love habitat assessments. Bruce says, "During the years we The Oregon Book: Informationfrom A to Z, wdl make a worked together, Peter Zika was a tremendous influence in wonderful addition to yom shelf of reference works about sparking my interest in botany. Peter recently moved to our state. I plan to put my copy right beside McArthur's Seattle, so now Salix Associates is just Dick and I. kckis Oregon Place Names, the latest edition of the Oregon Blue the best business associate and friend anyone could Book, and the Oregon Atlas & Gazetteer. Author Connie possibly hope for." Hopkins Bauaile, a reference librarian, has done a splendid Bruce lives in Eugene with hspartner Peg and the^ cat, job of filling the volume's 677 pages with juicy tidbits about Squeak. He is extremely active in environmental our state. As she writes in her introduction, "The Oregon organizations in Lane County. He has been on the Emerald Book is designed to be used for the quck look-up of some Chapter NPSO hoard for nine years and has spearheaded bit of informahon, to answer questions such as, When was that chapter's Native Gardening Policy. He is amember of the Roseburg explosion?, or What is Measure 5?" I tested the Naave Gardening Awareness Committee, andhas it by looking up some of my favorite topics and found short coordinated the chapter's Invasive Ornamentals L=t. He is but accurate entries on such subjects as the Applegate also a member of Emerald Chapter's Lane County Vascular Trail, boysenbemes, camas, Fort Clatsop, Nez Perce Plant Checklist Project, and the chapter's Rare and Indians, Rogue River, whales, and Znmwalt Prairie. The Endangered Plants Conmnttee. volume includes an impressive 32-page bibliography. The Outside NPSO, Bruce was one of the founders of the Oregon Flora Project is grateful to Connie Bataille for Cascade Mycological Society, and a founding member of making her work avdable to our contributors. For Friends ofEugene Springfield Habitats (FRESH). Heis information on how to obtain a copy, contact Linda Board President of Willamette Resources and Educational Hardison at (541)745-5770 or [email protected] .edu. Network (WREN), and amember of Friends of Bufofd Park and Mt. Pisgab Stewadship Advisory Committee. He is also The Oregon FloraNewsletteris published three times ayear by a founder of the Eugene-Springfield Chapter of the North the Oregon Flora Project and the Oregon State University American Butterfly Association. Earlier this yearBruce Herbarium. The Editor is Rhoda Love and the Production received a well-deservedlane Council of Governments Assistant IS Mjko Nadel. Regional Award of Merit for Environmental Protection. As President of the Natlve I'lant Society of Oregon,

Bruce wkes every~. poshible opportunity~ - to suppon Lhc ~Flcuat?oject~ Oregon Flora i'roject. He also works djrcxlly with the Flora I'roieci as an Atlas Proicct 1.eader and conbibutor of numerous high q~ality-~lantlists. He was also a founding member of the Carex Working Group ~bichproduced the Atlas of Oregon Carex. Of the importance of the Oregon FloraProject Brucestates, "Anew Flora of Oregon will be a monumental achievement- an immensely valuable tool for botanists. Beyond that, the new Flora will also spark the Interest of gardeners, flower lovers and the general public in Oregon's plant communities, spumng them to join in protection efforts to save the last remnants of our native ecosystems." :'i

died June 11 of ~ueumoniaat the.aee- of 92. Dr. Constance has been described as "the pabimh of botany at Berkeley,"and is recogwad as the foremost expert on the systematics of the Apiaceae. Constance began his cateer in botany in Oregon, growing up in Eugene and attending the University of Oregon in the late 20s and early 30s where he smdiedunderLouis F. Henderson. Constance has called Henderson %y mentor and role model." (Aliso 12(1), 1988.) Kenchambers remembersDr. Constance as a helpful colleague who "for many years was our main source of expertiseon guestions of identification and forthecarrotfarmly (Apiaceae)." Kenrecallshow Constance "genemusly shared his knowledge of.the family and helped numerous students to describe and publish newly " discovered species fmm Oregon and other western sms." Printed on Recycled Paper OREGON FLORA NEWSLETTER 7[21 2001 8 Giant hogweed found in Oregon! By Chnrlene Simpson A few months ago Oregon Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Control staff members Glem Miller and Tom Forney identified a 20 by 30 foot patch of the noxious weed, giant hogweed (Heracleum mntegazziannm Somm. & Lev.) growing behind a grocery store in Oahdge. The ODA subsequently publicized the find and asked people to report populabons. They received over 140 responses and in alllearned of about 45 mfestations in Clackamas, Columbia, Lane, Marion, Multnomah, and Washmgton counties of western Oregon. The majority of sightings were from the Portland metropolitan area. Giant hogweed resembles its congener, Heracleum lanatum, cow parsnip, but is easily differentiated by its herculean proportions. Hollow stout stems, 2 to 4 inches in diameter, displaying dark redd~sh-purplespots and pustulate bristles support a compound umbel up to 2.5 feet in diameter heanng numerous white flowers. Giant hogweed blooms from mid-June lo mid-July on a stem reaching a height of 10 to 15 feet. Purplish leaf stocks support deeply inc~sedcompound leaves 3 to 5 feet wide. Tlns monster member of the carrot family (Apiaceae) is aparticularly nasty pest. Like other members of its genus, ~tssap contains a glucoside that causes phyto-photo- dermatitis. Sldn contact with the sap, followed by exposure to the sun, produces painful, blisters m susceptible people. The plant is classified as a class A noxious weed in Oregon and Washmgton. In our state ths indicates that Infestations are at present small enough to make eradication The new Gilkey and Dennis is out! possible and intensive control is recommended. by Rhoda Love If you see giant hogweed anywhere in Oregon contact the Oregon Noxious Weed Control Program at 1-503-986- The eagerly-awated and completely updated Handbook 4621 or call the mvader hotlme number 1-866-INVADERto ofNorihwestern Plants by Helen M.Gilkey (1886-1972) and report the site. Also send a note to Scott Sundberg LaRea J. Denms was released by OSU Press m May. I am (address on p. 8), for Oregon Flora F'roject records. very impressed with the handsome new edition, which has been fully rev~sedby La Rea Denms Johnston, who has Refetence: Chdy Roch6. Weeds, Pacific Northwest Extension added twenty-one new families, updated nomenclature, and Publication, PNW429: December 1992. revised keys and descnpbons. The book's organization retains the original order of the major plant groups, beginning with vascular cryptogams followed by gymnosperms, then monocots, and finally dlcots. The key to dicot families, with its 142 pairs of leads, could benefit from having subtitles for major divisions.

u However, a welcome change is that genera and species are u now treated alphabetically within families. Happily, the -B 5 comprehensive index includes all families, genera, species, common names, and synonyms. A separate index to famihes ,.0 0 is included on page six, although some users may have B preferred to find this inside the front cover. The new Handbook, which comes m paperback only, has been enlarged to a 9 X 6 inch format with a lovely cover photo of Washington lily. This henew version of a well- loved book will be a splendid addition to our collechons of Botanist Northwest floras. collecting an umbel ofginnf Handbook of Norrhwesr Plants by Gxlkey and Dcm1s,0SU Press, hogweed En June 2001 hedrawings, glossary, mdex. ISBN 0-87071-490-2 Eugene. Paperback, $29 95.

OREGON FLORA NEWSLETTER 7121 2001 FepeMod 11 al& every node rhrmghour the phi. sub& heumrygoaity" cawing a ring-of-14 to rmduiing meiosis. &Ifwmicm in bhingpaUern mung the othu ~psiesturn Liden!Jy, all thememhen of &is sqe&s gwelldlya1-t wit0 be impmant in meirc-, hew. Fwaampk identical;except far misormutations, cbc plmr an essc~dally

Thc ~hmof @tr( rehiionships in Gay?phymm (fig. 3) wall. hmar&$y, in the ovuk of aU thsame planw, the W- sugee~tsacomphmi$in fol tht:tetmploicl species G. d&.rfm, of-7dmmosomcbW tiMpobisviahie. wirilcfbo set-of- derinod from multiple aosrres(intaspeci&hybridi~.ow) between four diploid ma. The initial tetraploid hybrids must difficult. is often found at higher have blended their genes by further crossing, to give present- elevations, as well, but its fruits are quite different from G. day G. difusum, which is the most variable and widespread difusum as explained in the key to species, below. species of the genus. In Oregon this species is sometimes as I hope that this article will encourage readers not to "give highly branched as G. ramosissimurn (one of the postulated up" on groundsmoke species, but to collect specimens m diploid parents), hut it has longer fruits borne on relatively proper condition for identficahon, as well as to appreciate the shorter pedicels than in that taxon. Plan$s of G. dimsum (fig. genehc complexity of this small but interesting genus. > 1) are usually branched at every node or every other node in the middle and upper parts of the main stem. In this respect they diier from the other temploid spmles G. racemosum, whichbranches mainly from thelowernodes (as does its diploid parent, G. humile). Some races of G. d@sum have inherited Figure 2: Cut-away genes for larger flower size (petals 3-7 mm long) from the drawings ofjiuzts of diploid parental taxon G. eriospennwn. These forms of G. (A) Gayophytnm eriospermnm, (B) G. difwum are given the name ssp. difusarn, whereas the races oligospermum, rmd with petals shorter than 3 mm are named ssp. parvflorum. the hybrid-derrved The fmits of G difisum always have a full complement of speczes (C) G. seeds (arranged in two parallel rows or alternating, right and heterozygnm. left, in one row), whch differentiates this species from G. Ii!.ustmtionrfrorn Bnttoma, vol. 16, heterozygum, with its irregularly beaded frmts. Where G. courtesy of New York dimum occurs at high elevations, as on Steens Mountain, it Botanical Garden. is often dwarfed and not muchbranched, making identification A B

Key To Oregon Species of Gayophytum created by Kenton L. Chambers

1. Petals 3-7 mmlong...... G. diesum ssp. diesum 1. Petals 0.5-3 mm long. 2. Plants branchedmostly near the base of themain stem, the branches forming elongated flowering racemes; fruits very short-pedicelled, 15-50-seeded. 3 Lateral 2 valves of capsule remaimng attached; seeds spreading at a45 degree angle from thd placenta ...... G. humile 3. All four valves of capsule separating from the tip; seeds less angled, nearly parallel to the placenta ...... G. racemosm 2. Plants lnanched throughout or mainly at nodes well above the base of the mam stem; fruiting pedicels often over 3 mm long, or if shober, then fnnts less than 25-seeded. 4. Seeds ca. 50% aborted; capsules irregularly bumpy @eaded)...... G. heterozygum 4. Seeds all matnnog; capsules smooth or evenly bumpy. 5. Seeds in the two chambers of the capsule crowded and overlapping. 6. Pdcellonger than capsule...... G. ramosrssimum 6. Pedicel shorter than capsule ...... G. diesum ssp. panriflorum 5. Seeds in the two chambers of the capsule not crowded, forming two parallel rows or alternating. 7. Plants branched throughout, usually with 2-8 nodes between branches; seeds >9 per capsule, formgtwo parallel rows ...... G. decipzens 7. Plants branched at the base or not, abundantly branched above at many main-stem nodes or with 1-2 nodes between branches; seeds often but not always <9 per capsule, in two parallel rows or alternating right and left...... G. diesum ssp. ponr@orum

DIFFUS U U I Figure 3: Chart of speczes relanonshrps of North Amerrcan Gayophytum faxa. lUEEYMUl

G. difisum is hvoothesrzed*A to have arrsenfrom mulnple crosses among four Tclmpbd : dzplord species. Blank boxes represent ~~~1.d ,,A...... _--. probable hybrid ancestors of G. ,, -. diffnsum. From Brittonia, vol 16, i courtesy of New YorkBotanical Garden.

OREGON FLORA NEWSLETTER 712) 2001 Volunteer work parties in the OSU Herbarium by Barbara and Glenn HaNiday I In the fall of 1999 afewmembers of theVillamette Valley Chapter of the Native Plant Society of Oregon (NPSO) sat down to plan out the next year's field hip schedule. We could see there was a big blank on the calendar until the blooming season in western Oregon got I under way in mid-April. An earlier chapter program by I Scott Sundberg had genaated great interest among our members in the Oregon Flora Project and OSU Herbarium activities. Judy Oliver suggested that perhaps a '"field hip" to the Herbarium in January would be a good way to be mvolved with native plants when enjoying them outdoors was not an option. This turned out to be one of Judy's best ideas ever! On i Saturday, Apxil8,20W, ten people assembledintheHerbarium, Volunteer work~artiesareanized bv the Willamerne Chnater ofthe where Scott provided a tour of the facfity, and brought us up NPSO and others have h&ed the Oregon Flora ~rojec;and ;he to date on the current status of the Oregon Flom Project. He OSU Harl>arilunenormously. Thanks to rhe 29 people who have the parricipated in rhe rhreeparries held so for! In thtsphutograph then put us in hands of student workers Jason Alexander Rorv and Julie Nichols are sho~mmounfinw specimens on and ArnandaGriflith to learn how to do "hands on3'projects. herbanwn sheets dwing the first volunteerb~rkParry. Scon One contingent headed for the 'Reproom," where they took Sundberg dried and pressed specimens through the necessary steps to prepare them for storage in the Herbarium's specimen cabinets. Forming a production line, they cleaned the plant material, carefnlly savidg loose fragments, then arranged the specimen "LeapfroggingLane County" mvisited on a heavy paper mountmg sheet (considering both &tic By Charlene Simpsan and scientific requirements) and-hicIdestpaaofal1-learned how to apply glue to the plant and deftly mount it to the sheet. In OFN for June 2WO, I wrote about secalled 1 In alarge lab classroom, another contingent wa$ leaxning "leapfrogging" species that have been collected both north how to ftle mounted specimens. Not unlike alibmy, and south of Lane County, but which seem to skip our area I specimens have to be "sbelved" after being mounted or being Here I report that one of Lane County's leapfroggem has been found and a second has been discredited. I removed hmthe storage cabinets for research by studehts and Herbadurn staff. The firststep requires organizing the Ranunculus lobbii has been found in Lane County. monnted specimens by family, genus add species. These RichardHalse, OSUHerbanum Curator, has confirmeda volunteers not only got a crash come in plant taxonomy, but collection of R lobbii from standing water at the base of a dike plenty of exercise as they marched mund the lab tables- on Oregon Department of Fish and Wddlifeland near Fern movmg sdmens From the "unsorted" stack to their proper Ridge Reservoir approximately sevenmileswest of Eugene. botanical niche. A third group of volunteers manned the Carex vulpinoidea does not leap over Lane County. Herbarium computers, doing basic database entry of Dr. Barbara Wdson, Carex WwbgGroup, has disputed the information thatwill be used by theFloraproject. Scott made ocmmnce of C. vulpinoidea from southwest Oregon. The sure there was juice, coffee and cookies in ameeting room to species is established at sites near Portland where it comes fuel the volunteers throughout the day. down the ColumbiaRiver; however she has found that Tbis &st "work party'' was so successful that all agreed it specimensenspreviously identitied as C. vulpinaidea from should be conunued. In 2001, the Willamette Chapter southwest Oregon, are more likely C d-i or C. densa. sponsored not one, but two work parties, in Jannary and early Therefore, Cam vulpinoidea does not slcip Lane County. April. All have been well attended, and when the events were There have been other recent additions to the Lane advertised on the NPSO discussionlist, volunteers from County list. Shq-eyed botanists have found the following distantparts of Oregon made the trek to Cowallis to take part species during the past year: Anchwa azurea, Carer I multicaulis, Ceanothus thyrsifom, Cypem acuminatw, I Participants have come from as far away as Portland, Sisters I and Roseburg. Delphinium oregonum, Heracleum rnantegaakmum, Pellaea As an outgrowth of these workparties a few people, brachptera and Plantago corompus. including the authors, have been intermittently spending a day attheHerbarinm, working on similarprojecf. Everyone who has participated in these volunteer efforts has found it Illustrations of Erythranium oreganum on the kont and immensely rewarding. We all agree that the OregonFIora back covers by Linda Ann Vorobik. Project is of great importance and appreciate the opportunity to share in its development Judy's winter field hip idea has become a"win-win" situation for all concerned! Visit our web site at ~Jharegonflora.org

OREGON FLORA NEWSLETTER 7121 2001 Projectnews Thanks By Scott Sundberg and Linda Hardison Thanks to the American Rack Garden Society Work on the Oregon Flora Photo Gallery is about to Endowment Fund and the Portland Garden Club, which have begin! TheNorth American Rock Garden Society (NARGS) made significant contributions to the OregonFlmProject. has awarded the Flora project a$3000 grant to develop a We are extremely grateful for the support of the state prototype for a Photo Gallery of Oregon plants. The NPSO. Their efforts to broadcast the Flora Project mission, Gallery will be maintained on theFloraprojectwebsite, and their continmng contributions help bnng us ever closer (www.oregonflora.org) and will feature photos of each to the date of publication of anew Flora of Oregon. plant in the state-from habitat shots to close-ups of Special thanks to ConnieHopkins Battiule for donating flowerparts.Funds from NAROS will help us develop a copies of The Oregon Book for use as donation incentives. Plan of Work, and the first entries to the Photo Gallery will See review, page8, be of name rock garden species. As we progress on this Thanks also to the Powne family, whch donated books project, we will keep readers informed of the ways youmay owned by aelate Robert Powne to the Portland Chapter of the participate in this exciting aspect of the Flora project. NPSO. Proceeds from the sale of these books will be donated Thank you, North AmericanRock Garden Society! m the Oregon Flora Project. Dick Straw has stepped down as Region 11Regional We extend our condolences to thefriends and fannly of Coordinator for the Oregon Plant Atlas Projecf. Dick, who Irving Lord, alongtime NPSO member and plant enthusiast was featured in OFN 5(3), has been an active participant from Ashland, who passed away March 17,2001. Several and will be missed. As an RC he gathered thousands of contributions have beenmade to the Friends in his honor. species lists and coordmated efforts by anumber of We thank the family for suggesting a memorial that people in Jackson and Josephine counties. Happily, Dick celebrates his interests and will benefit fellow plant continues as an Atlas Project Leader and has been enthusiasts for decades to come. volunteering his time for other aspects of the project. The following donors have recently conbibuted via the Thanks, Dick1 OSU Foundation or the NPSO Friends: Welcome to BelindaVos, the new Region 11RC. She bnngs unbounded energy and enthusiasm and is a welcome addition to the Atlas project team. One of the fist things she did was to request that the region be expanded! Region 11 now encompasses Jackson and Josephine counties and nine additionalblocks, including most of Klamath Co. Belinda and othershave planned volunteer activities for the fall and wintec The Friends of the Oregon Flora Pmject, a committee of the Native Plant Society of Oregon, has recently displayed a poster and distributed Flora project brochures at a number of wildflower and garden shows thoughout Oregon. They are happy to provide this display or give a slide presentabon to interested organizations. Contact LindaHardison at (541) 745-5770 or [email protected] for details.

Would you like to make a donation? Name Tax-deductible donations can be made to the Address Oregon Flora Project by sending a check made out to the Oregon State University Foundation to Scott Sundberg at the address on this page. Please note on the check that it is for the Oregon Phone andlor e-mail Flora Project. Many thanks.

Mail to: Please check here if you do not wish to have Scott Sundberg your name listed in our "Thanks" column or Oregon Flora Project on our Internet web site. Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology Oregon State University Please put me on the Oregon Rora- Newsletter 2082 Cordley Hall Cowallis, OR 97331-2902

OREGON FLORA NEWSLElTER 7(2] 2001 13 Oregon Flora Project Non-Prof~tOrg. Dept. of Botany & Plant Pathology U.S. Postage Oregon State University 2082 Cordley Hall Corvallis, OR Corvallis, OR 97331-2902 Permit No. 200 Return Senrice Requested

Did you hw? Lewisia rediviva (bitte~~oot)was named by F~edenckPurshinh0nM of Capt. Meriwether Lewis. Purshnamed Clarkinpulchella (elkhorns clarkia), as well, hononng William Clark, co-leader of the famous1804-1806 explcoingexpdhon. Inthe 1950% the genus ClanGia became the object of mtensive genetic and systematic studies at the Umverslty of Cahfornia, Los Angeles. Leaders of this resemh wereDrs. Harlan andMargaretLewis,who published a taxonomic monograph of the genus in 1955. Regrettably, no botanists named Clarkhave thus far shown an intenst in monographing the genus Lewisia.

Comus nunallii Audubon ex Tort. &A. Gray is the only plant species named by John James Audubon. Index Kewensis cites Birds ofAmerica as the some, but apparently that is not considered a valid publication. Audubon included two other new plant names m lns Birds of America, Platanus racemosa Nutt ex Audubon and Nymphaeajba Leitner ex Audubon, but for these he credited the name to another author. These are also considered invahdly pubhshed because "No description M diagnosisis supplied." @om www.ipni.org1