This program is submitted for partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR of ARCHITECTURE Design Option Texas Tech University

Division of Architecture

August 30, 1979

W. Lawrence Garvin ^0(>.jrUE SPORTSMAN'S CHARTER

- That sport is something done for the fun of doing it and that it ceases to be sport when it becomes

a business only, something done for what there is

in it;

- That amateurism is something of the heart and

spirit - not a matter of exact technical quali­

fications ;

- That the whole structure of sport is not only

preserved from the absurdity of undue importance,

but is justified by a kind of romance which ani­

mates it, and by the positive virtues of courage,

patience, good temper, and unselfishness which

are demanded by the code;

- That the exploitation of sport for profit alone

kills the spirit and retains only the just and

semblance of the thing. TABLE OF CONTENTS

PURPOSE 1

BACKGROUND 2

GOALS & OBJECTIVES 31

ACTIVITY ANALYSIS 33 SITE ANALYSIS 34 SPACE SUMMARY 56

SYSTEMS 64 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 74

DETAILED SPACE -REQUIREMENTS 8 3 BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 7 yirp©; PURPOSE This project involves the design of an equest­ rian complex for Midland, Texas. A union of area pony clubs has dictated a desire for a multi-disip- linary equine center. With this merger, it is the hope that this union will serve as a catalyst for the development of a complete equine facility. In addition to equestrian disiplines, social ac­ tivities of the membership shall also be addressed.

Half a century ago as the internal- combustion engine gave new meaning to the word "horsepower" most people pre­ dicted that the horse would go the way of the dinosaur and the dodo. Although the equine population was indeed reduced, it was by no means eliminated as a vital aspect of national life.

Recently, equestrian activities have begun to stage a renascence. Like tennis ten years ago and skiing a decade before, horse-related sports are coming into full flower. Public and private stables and clubs, horseback resorts, and back­ yard barns are springing up all over the United States and Canada. So is attendance at shows, rodeos, and other spectator events. The result is staggering. More than ten million pleasure horses are the beneficiaries, as are manufacturers and re­ tailers of equestrian products and services to the tune of a nine-billion-dollar-a-year industry.

Although it's impossible to determine the pre­ cise number of human participants, it must be at least several million, and it's growing steadily. Overall, 197 8 was another banner year for Polo. An all time high was reached in the number of parti­ cipants, as well as the number (1,400) of registered players. The progress of the sport to its present status is measured in many ways. A new breed of younger players is providing the sport with a better quality of horsemanship. The need for new improved facilities have surfaced due to the rising number of players and increased quality of play. Jay Floyd, as an ambitious, farsighted young man in college, was responsible for starting Polo in Midland. A dry lake bed on the Floyd Ranch served as this area's first polo grounds and by the mid 1930's. Midland was the principal source of polo ponies in the country. The horses were sent to Chicago, New York and points east by railroad carloads. In 1938, hhe group had moved to the Midland fairgrounds. In 1953, the Carlton Beal family arrived from California with six top polo ponies. The Beals -- Carl, Carty, and Barry, together with Toby Hilliard, Gus White, Sr. and Jr., and Jimmy Stimmel formed the Midland-Lamesa Polo Club. They played at the fairgrounds and were active until 1956. At times the dust was so thick they could not see the ball. They called themselves the Midland Dusters.

"In 1960, Hilliard, Holt, Ritchie, Sharp, Stimmel and Landreth put up an arena north of town and started playing indoor polo. By 1964, this group, along with Jim Hall, Ronny Hissom, Bobby Holt and Willy B. Wilson, got together and founded the Midland Polo Club. During that year they played on an oiled dirt field and in August of 1964, moved their arena to a new grass field out near the Midland Country Club.

In June of 1965, these founding members, under the driving leadership of George Landreth, started purchasing and planting the present facility. The first two fields were ready for polo that summer. Eight privately owned polo barns sprung up around the fields as well as club stabling for 80 head of horses.' Midland rose to national status in 1968 by cap­ turing the U. S. Polo Association Championship, (National Open). An affiliate of the Midland Club was formed in 1973, known as the Midland Lee High School Polo Club. This team competed on the Inter- scholastic level and quickly captured the national title in both 1974 and 1975. Still another polo team was formulated out of Midland known as the Wilson Ranch. Although defeated

by a San Antonio team, the club did reach the finals of last year's U. S. National Open in Oakbrook, Illinois.

The teams from Midland are recognized throughout the nation and play matches from coast to coast as

well as hosting several national matches yearly. All the teams are currently enjoying the upswing in polo

1Midlan d Polo Club Magazine, Katch Heinz, p. 16-17. and are sharing the positive outlook toward the future of polo. Midland currently fields 25 of the 130 regis­ tered players in Texas. Virtually all of these players are capable of competing at a national level. This apparent thirst for excellence has established Midland's teams high in the respect and admiration of all polo advocates throughout the United States.

. . •'..•. •••'>.'*•'•,•. -••.•:• ^r-r- • /.i'.-,;'Vf/'i.-'v-'i».-i-A'«ji*A.= --J George Landreth instigated in­ terest throughout Midland in the Hunter, and Jumper Equine sports. The devel­ opment of Rainbow Stables has corres­ ponded with the Polo Club since 1960. In the early years three families maintained the nucleus of Rainbow Stables. The Magruders, Yarboroughs, and Ruppes witnessed the rise of Rainbow Stables from a single idea of Mr. Landreth's, to a physical fac­ ility consisting of approximately ten acres. Although members and interests are varied, the quality of horsemanship rose steadily to a world class level.

Midland is currently enjoy­ ing an upswing in the number of equine participants & spectators. This resulted in the relocation of the stables to a larger facility. This complex is owned by William Acock and is leased to Rainbow Stables, Inc. At their disposal, Rainbow Stables enjoy an area of approximately 40 acres in which to work their horses. Approximately 35 horses are stabled and the number of regular riders may fluctuate between 20-40 at different times of the year.

The union of the Midland Polo Club and Rainbow Stables will create the heart of a new club (Midland j Polo and Hunt Club). By their combination, they will accentuate the equine activity in Midland and a third (new member) will be introduced to the club. Although the equine activities will shadow the norms in the equestrian world, the Midland Polo and Hunt Club will have a wide variety of recreational ac­ tivities . Among modern major sports, where it justly figures, riding occupies a very special place. I^'r»,.l?i.-i:v.^ ifc|»»- •"•-'•i--^«*U5artii»*iiii| "This Essential-Characteristic of riding is responsible for its individuality, its unity, and its diversity."

To most people living in the East, a horse show is a place where hunters, jumpers, and equitation riders can win ribbons. In the South, it's for gaited and fine harness horses. Westerners think of shows primarily in terms of stock-seat equitation and classes. Breed devotees consider shows as places to exhibit specific breeds.

A horse show is a competition in which many (or few) activities take place. Perhaps the best way to focus on exactly what takes place is by saying a few words about the variety of classes presented by Midland's ^Paillard,J.S., Understanding plant. A class is a group of competitors Equitation, Doubleday Co. Inc. Garden City, NY, p. 22. 10 competing under the same criteria and rules against one another at a horse show-

EQUITATION DIVISION "The Equitation Division judges a rider's skill. The prize list states what is expected, and you are judged on these specifics. Standard gaits are re­ quested (walk, trot, canter) and low jumps may also be included.' Here only the rider, not the horse, is being judged, for horsemanship form and ability. Hunt-seat equitation is based on the skills needed to negotiate a fox-hunting situation-

Undoubtably, this is the most formal event in >t,fc,,w "•*•"%,. which no er^ror is allowed. Due to this strict nature only the highly experienced are involved, while they ^ are also judged accordingly.

ii(**«i«caws(*»« HUNTER DIVISION The hunter division is a "performance division. Morris, Geo., Designing Courses & Obstacles, Boston, Mass.,Houahton Muffin Co. p. 41 11 The rider is not judged. "The main objective is to test the horse's skill, specifically, the type of ability he would need to participate in a field hunt."

Conformation classes take an animal's build into consideration; judges look for the kind of build that will carry a rider comfortably and handily across country. Working hunters will be required to perform either on the flat or over fences. Courses approxi­ mate the obstacles found in the hunting field, such as brush fences, post-and-rails „ and oxers.

"There are essentially only two kinds .of fences to jump: a. straight up-and""down fence (vertical) and a wide-jump (spread). With the.exception of open ditches and water, which are rarely, if ever, used

in equitation classes, all spreads are composed of 2 1 height and width." Morris, Geo., Designing Courses & Obstacles, Boston, Way of going is an important consideration, taking -Mass.,Houghton Muffin Co. p_ 33 _ into account a horse's style, smoothness of pace, and ^Davy,Dolin, Horses In Action, London,Eng.,Brendon & Son, p. 9. 12 manners. Hunter horses are divided according to experience, from preliminary and novice to first and second year green and open. Appointment hunter classes come even closer to hunt-field requirements. Riders must wear or carry appropriate gear, as must their

mounts, down to an edible item in the sandwich box and a letter from a master of foxhounds authorizing the rider to wear his hunt's colors. Corinthian classes are open only to members of a redognized hunt, and hunt-team classes are for two or three members of such recognized packs.

JUMPER DIVISION

The Jumper Division is simi­ lar to the Hunter in that it is also a performance division.

13 Jumping classes are open to horses of any breed, size or gender. The height and spread of fences are small­ er for horses just starting out in the Jumper Division. Courses are also accordingly less demanding.

The horse is judged on his ability to make the jumps. "Grace and form do not enter into the scoring. Horses are judged on a point system. Penalty points (faults) are given for jximps that are knocked down or for refusals. The horse with the least amount of faults is declared the winner. Time is often used as a tie-breaker."

Two jumping classes never fail to enthrall spectators. In a "Gambler's Choice" (or "Take Your Own Line"), each obstacle is allotted a point value according to its difficulty- Competitors may jump all the obstacles they choose in any order or direc­ tion. If a fence is jumped cleanly, the competitor will receive its value. The highest score amassed

"Davy,Dolin, Horses In Action, London,Eng., Brendon & Son, p. 12. 14 within a time limit (usually 60 or 90 seconds) will win.

"Puissance" means power, and a Puissance class may end with finalists attempting a "great wall" standing in excess of 7 feet. Open and International jumping are always the feature attractions of important shows. Sometimes, as in the case of Gambler's Choice and Puissance classes, civilian (including professional) riders will compete against Olympians.

SADDLE-HORSE DIVISION American Saddle Horses are the "peacocks" of the show ring. They enter in a flurry, then try to attract the judge's attention as being the flashiest in the class. The event brings us back to antebellum days when Saddle Horses provided comfortable and hardy mounts for Southern plantation owners as the men inspected their vast holdings. Classes within

15 the requirements of the dressage tests themselves, as written by the AHSA, provide an outline for the correct sequence of schooling.

A dressage test is a written pattern of exercises which is carried out in a special dressage arena. In competition, each horse performs the pattern indi­ vidually, while the judge (or judges J assigns a nu­ merical score and makes comments on each individual movement.

THREE DAY EVENT The 3-Day Event, as the name'implies, takes place over a 72 hour period. It is known as one of the most grueling and stern tests of both rider and horse.

"On the first day the dressage test is ridden. The test is issued by the FEI or a national federa­ tion for national events, and its purpose is to

17 quiet, low head carriage with a certain degree of flexion at the poll.

Dressage training is the system- matic method of producing these desired goals. To be most effective, a rider should be trained in the fundamentals of the dressage seat, sometimes called the "classical," "full," or "normal''seat.

A major requirement of dressage training not stressed in most other types of schooling is the way in which the horse accepts the rider's hands through the bit and the reins. Contact in dres­ sage means much more than the horse's I merely tolerating a certain amount of pressure on its mouth. Dressage competition is available at all levels of training. In fact.

18 prove the rider's method of training and his horse­ manship, as well as the horse's suppleness and obedience. On the second day, the same horse and rider have to take on a course of up to 20 miles, which broadly speaking, involves some 13 miles of roads and tracks, 2% miles of steeplechase course,

and 4h miles of cross-country course with up to thirty fixed and solid fences." In this test, the rider shows his ability to ride at all paces over all manner of obstacles, to save his horse where he can and yet get the maximum performance from him. The horse must prove his boldness, wisdom, and stamina. The last test, which takes place on the third day, is the arena jxomping. It is designed to prove the horse's fitness, willingness, and ability to remain in service afi;er the tremendous effort of the previous day.

1 Chamberlin, Helen Bradman, Training Hunters, Jumpers, & Hacks, NY, NY Derrydale Press, Inc., p. 83 19 ^^

CROSS COUNTRY AND PLEASURE RIDING

Cross country and pleasure riding exemplifies the individuality and diversity that horsemanship can curtail. A rider may spend one hour or all day on the horse. Pleasure riding is simply the adventure of riding for enjoyment. The individual here is free to select his perimeters. Whether they be distance, speed, or change of scenery- Cross country emphasizes the individual and his preference. Basically, getting from point A to point B is the thrust of cross country riding. How a rider accomplishes this, in terms of distance traveled, or route taken, is left completely up to him.

POLO "At midfield, eight horses and riders line up.

20 r^T;

two abreast. All eyes are on the mounted referee in front of them. The horses are silent, ears for­

'••M ward; the players hold mallets outstretched. The 'M crowd is silent in the bleachers.

"Playl" The ball is tossed into the middle, and sud­ denly the horses spring to life. Mallets crack to­ gether as the two teams fight for the ball. A horse and rider spring free from the melee, head­ ing toward the goal, and the crowd roars its encour-

agement.. ..1 The word polo comes from the Tibetan word pulu, which means "root" or "ball." It was played

in Persia as early as 600 B.C. From there it became popular in India and Tibet, where it was played with as many players as the field could accommodate. Paintings depict early polo players

1 Christopher,Reeny, "Polo: as both men and women. Many Games" Horse Lovers 3 National, January 1979

21 In the 19th century, British Army officers in India took up the sport, and in 1869 polo was first played in England, with more players and at a much slower speed than we know it today.

However, the sport was an instant suc­ cess, and its popularity quickly spread to the Americas. In the late 1880's the first United States polo clubs-were formed in New York City and on Long Island. "Polo is much like a mounted version of ice hockey- It is played on a grassy field nine times the size of a football gridiron, with a goal at either end. It has all the frenetic action of hc^ckey and a good deal of its roughhouse mayhem." In six chukkers, each lasting seven and a minutes, two four-man teams of equestrians endeavor to smack the willow ball through

23 the uprights. To prevent this, almost anything goes, including the deliberate ramming of an opponent's pony to keep the rider from malleting the ball "As a spectacle polo is supreme, even if the polo itself is not transcendentally wonderful. The speed, the rush, the hurl and crash, the instantly changing scene as one side or the other seizes the fleeting chance, the sight of gal­ lant, well-bred horses, the thunder of their, hooves on the turf, giving their utmost of grace, speed, courage, and obedience; all impress a wonderful ex­ perience."

Polo is probably the most evenly balanced of all team sports. Each player is handicapped accord­ ing to his ability as a horseman, his ability to hit and control the ball's directions, his general ^McMaster, R.K., Polo For Beginners & Spectators, NY,NY Exposition Press, p. 36-37. 24 of four chukkers. "Horses for arena polo do not have to be of as high quality as those used for the outdoor game, and a player can generally get along in arena competition with just two horses, which are used for alternate chukkers." In the outdoor game, players like to -\^ have six horses available and must have at least three.

Once mastered. Polo is a source of abiding pleasure. It is a game that can be dropped off for a while, and taken up again with no great loss of skill. And age is no particular barrier. Fred Daley, an avid Polo player, at age 67 states, 'I gave up tennis years ago when my legs went, but in Polo, I have four young legs

under me.' Polo is one of man's oldest sports, IPaillard, J.S., Understanding Equi^atijon, Doubleday Co. Garden City, NY 1958, p. 47- 26 r

value to his team, his game sense, and his ability to anticipate action. "Teams are then rated on the basis of the total of the handicaps of the players on the team. When the handicap rating of two teams com­ peting against each other is equal, they should be evenly matched. If one team in a competition has a higher aggregate rating than the other, the teams are brought into balance by awarding a part of the difference in their ratings to the team with the lower handicap, giving that team one or more goals as a score before the competition actually begins."

Another type of Polo, Arena Polo, developed in the United States during a period of time between the World Wars, when artillery units began play­ ing inside their armories. Today this game is played in a riding hall or an exterior arena enclosed

on its sides by a four foot fence. Arena games use

only three players to a side and usually consist McMaster, R.K., Polo For Beginners & Spectators, NY,NY Exposition Press, P- 21. 25 and the reasons behind its longevity are numerous. It is a sport that offers something to everyone. To the fan it is a high-risk, fast-paced game full of contact, skill and action, often ending in a breath­ less sudden-death overtime. To the player, man or woman, it offers the excitement of competition, the camaraderie of teammates, and the overwhelming satis­ faction when player and pony merge into one dynamic being intent on only one objective: the Game.

A TYPICAL HORSE SHOW DAY The order of events in a horse show may vary slightly from club to club. Following is an ac­ ceptable norm for the sequence of events of a typ­ ical horse show day form a contestant's viewpoint. The actual time spent in the show ring may only be several minutes. This in no way indicates the amount of work and time necessary to be able to participate in any equine contest. The show is

27 ^p

a one-day event and the first event begins at 8 a.m.

The night before, all equi-pment should be prepared and packed. This means polishing boots, pressing jackets and making sure breeches are clean. All the horse's tack should be cleaned. Equipment can then be loaded on the van. On the morning of the show, after getting dressed and eating, it is time to feed the horse. This would take approximately half an hour. The horse's mane and tail would then need to be braided, and the most skilled horseman needs about an hour to do this chore. The horse must then be loaded on the van and because the usual procedure at one- day shows is to "stable" the animal on the truck, any change of weather must be prepared for. If it rains the horse must be kept dry- If it's hot the horse will need shade. Upon first arrival to the show, check in with

28 the secretaries and pick up your assigned numbers. These numbers will be identification in the com­ petitions. Put the tack on the horse.

Before actually entering the ring, a warm up is needed. Take several minutes to go through the gaits and doing a few low jumps will be sufficient. After each class, the animal must be sponged off or bathed if it is a hot day.

Lunch lasts about a half an hour and the horse's saddle and bridle are removed, and he is fed some hay.

After lunch, the horse is cleaned and the saddle and bridle are put back on. After warm-ups the horse is ready for the afternoon events. Depending on how many people are in the show, it should end between 5 p.m. and 7 p.m. After the final events, the horse is bathed, dried, and gets fed. Then to cool down the horses

29 legs and to help keep him sound, some liniment is rubbed on them. The next day turn the horse out to relax.

30 r

§)ns©uawD D < r

The primary goals as seen by the programmer and client are seen as the desire:

- To establish the complex in harmony with its immediate surroundings.

- To create a facility of the world class stature.

- To promote equine sports in the spirit of com­

petitiveness.

- To provide a center which provides members an

opportunity to observe the numerous abilities

of a horse.

31 The objectives which this facility will ulti­ mately be judged are:

- To produce space that adapt to a multitude of users. (assimilation, segragation.)

- To create a facility which delivers basic com.fort needs to its inhabitants.

- To provide through design optimum viewing per­ spectives for all user groups.

- To create a center with a distinct and functional hierachy for efficient circulation.

- To provide facilities that both stimulate health­

ful physical activity as well as relaxation.

32 r

^%' wi CL\l^l\0\}6E ACTIVITT DlAC^RAn epUlNE 4CT|V^lTr PlA(^^An

pflLiiufina

» Atf^it.ti <7ogg& ^

pairkino vStora^t

pa ridinn

to A<9rt,tacA 71^

£^e/ei-ifAir v LI brif-hy ^

•^ sj^ acoOit icruicc

ofi'lti'C,

e/i^ry rccef>iion 6tor<»,ac u/cr/c ^reo. g^'>t^(^,n e,C >

{.tii^i-i

en'iry .suppor'lTP^ ' '"CIAMA'^IOM I'ecfsa'l/cn D Sd /^[nial^SD: Midland County is located on the southern region I h of the South Plains in Texas. Overall, the terraij ^1 through out the county, yet a few draw^ beds) do exist. In elevation/ Midland is marked by \a downward slope of 90(h-^s^^ per 100 miles to the e^st and southeast ^«^ an upward slope ! of about 600 feefe\per 100 miles\to the north and 1 I east.

34 Midland is the county seat of Midland County, which was created in 1885 from Tom Green County. Midland got its name from its midway location between Fort to Lamesa Worth and El Paso. The altitude of 349 Midland is 2,779 feet above sea level

to Big Spring

Odessa to Andrews •. 158

158 --^to Garden City if

. 349 to Rankin NORTH ^^ THE CITY OF MIDLAND to Odessa 35 and Midland County encompasses 938 square miles and the incorporated area of the city is 29,154 square miles. The city's main transportation entry is Interstate 20, with minor highways being numbered as 158 and 349.

The site is located north of the city and cur­ rently the edge of the city limits front part of the proposed site. The site is now rather isolated in that no major roads front the property. Along

the eastern boundary, county road 1160 services the II it site. However, the city does plan to extend Gar­ field street northward thus creating the site's western boundary. t The site is variable, it basically consists of 240 acres of land in one mass with an additional riding trail loop consisting of about 4 0 acres. This riding trail is part of the existing club and would easily connect to the new site. The loop surrounds a residential development and is somewhat limited in 36 nature. The rest of the site is currently ranch- land and the entire section is readily available for future purchase.

The only physical feature of the site is the presence of the Midland Draw which sits dry year round, except for serving as a runoff in the rainy season. The site, being outside the city limits, is free of any zoning laws and currently no restrictions have been leveled against the site. The subsequent maps consists of the site features as they exist, the site analysis and the site structure diagram respectively.

37 Tf^UE NORTH j

A-blut \>\yi /anc/

^ .-,t.

EXI.nNCL 7.Ti6

TO t^ of \ ... •Jlxr'J 41 ^ano/'''"o muE Nopyti Z.

so '-.rtS'"?"' -^/a/

./•

fvhtt>' I

137: >•- .,)l^ X. T ,Lr:; z*. f. >1_.' Y A bi'i'-s^ c2.02 / /r- Cuw 9^ --S.. m'l^tfi'* t^iet^L V, i0 mt 4/4 zee ^-^ '^N '1 -.

j,.^' ..K-n'JrCP \3\ I .., \ ^rrs < •••^^ z&i 4Ui \,1t)0O ^•/•«*^ »ff) .V \

"•' ll- N. \,

UN'^LATE.D LAI .-(.'>••/ vS rtots* ftj'te.

N- enfTs j;if /id6 l/tftvK^ op« n ai 2.7 ^y; in ;ii ©)t3^4 i-p' di'>f/. \ rrO' i ' .^^ C'^L.T" sii'

run< K«f

s«v'

r?i i 71^

\ \oS ^ ,i:/ f '.) 1 .'. mr^ .-f l*ji _a'- r"' '\"

C"-"'*' i- t,^.n."'i ^f e-n 'd^l' 4\Jmpllt9 7/t<6i 01! ./,e,/J ^f.f*^^ p -I 'CO '• r I c ww/fee ^j'^^M ^,^ J ,,t.- W:'1/.^KV-^' "-S 7\

•/•A* jj/"* AnJ crt^-te. cJiAfA^^vr 'xs/0 isytef^ 'i'lO .GO'.'"'*-/ 1 •'^,•.•.• \

?..o' b.-'.-'^'-'s .^os Ii- : I r 1.i/i.> •.

I ' -2.800 •^•i-dr- / ..1^ ,.-^'. ,-CI-.•((-.',

J

^ca\Cj i"^soo' qQ/ ^ rTlfJa '[V :.t

^\rt\^ d£\l€.lopmi AMALt^io m^ Tf^UE NOR.TH

3.7')^ a. from site viewing north

b. from site viewing south

41 c. from site viewing east

d. from site viewing west

42 view across site from southern boundary

f. view across site from northern boundary

43 g. view across site from western boundary

; ,-;i"^'^,i«ft'i^M*«53fcW-'^:

h. view across site from eastern boundary

44 CLIMATOLOGY In general,the climate of Midland could be characterized as a semi-arid climate. Winters do have frequent cold spells but usually they are followed by warm counterparts. There is very little precipitation in the winter months. Although spring is set with very violent thunderstorms. During this time surface winds are at their peak. Winds to 40 miles per hour are registered. The subsequent dust reduces visibility to 1-3 miles.

Midland does have nice days also. The county enjoys 218 days of freeze-free weather a year. The average annual temperature in July is 64 degrees. Droughts are rather frequent in Midland County- Periods of several weeks or more without measurable rain are not uncommon. Data on the total amount of annual rainfall are often misleading because the large amount of rainfall in wet years falls during

45 excessively heavy thundershowers and runs off rapidly- Because of the flatness of the terrain, local flash flooding occurs in places.

46 PRECIPITATION Precipitation in the area is generally characterized by its erratic behavior, varying from as much as 21.61 inches to only 4.24 inches annually, and from as much as 6.73 inches to none on one month. The annual precipitation averages 14.24 inches with an average of 2.04 inches for March being the wet­ test month.

10

9

N 8 0 7 0 F 6

I 5 N C 4 H E 3 S Minimum .^ — — 2

1

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MONTHS

47 I

RELATIVE HUMIDITY The relative humidity does not vary a great deal

from one month to the other, although at different

time periods of the day the relative humidity can

vary as much as 48% in a 12 hour period. The ave'-

rage relative humidity at 12 noon is 42%.

100

90

N 80 0 70 P 0 60 S S 50 I 12 Midnight*•• B 40 L 30

20

6 p.m. —— •—— » 10

0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN 'JUIT^'^UG"'SEPT'"'o'cT N5V DE2" MONTHS 48 SNOWFALL Snow occurs during the winter months and is generally light. January and December provide the most snow­ fall. Although the average quantities are minimal, it should be noted that the maximum snowfall is considerable for this region.

9

8 N 0 7 1 .... 0 6 \ F 5 \ I N 4 \

C • H 3 ^ E S 2 \

Maximum 1 •".», \ h-^-*-^ •^ m^.m Average ' —'"^ ~~\ ' ail, ' 1" .1JA N FEB MAR APR MAY "jytr I'tHL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MONTHS

49 TEMPERATURE The mean annual temperature is 63.1 degrees with the maximum recorded temperature being 107°, and the minimum being 2°. The average temperature reimains consistant through the year with the temperature varying over 8° from one month to the next.

T E M P E R A T U R E High —

Low -~» «

Average JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL ' AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MONTHS 50 WIND The prevailing wind direction in this area is from the southeast. This together with the upslope of the terrain from the same direction, causes fre­ quent low cloudiness and drizzle during winter and spring months. The Mean wind speed for Midland is 10.4 m.p.h. with the maximum recorded speed being 58 m.p.h. in June of 1966.

direction: SSE direction: SE avg. speed: 11.5 mph avg. speed: lOmph varies from 10-13 mph varies from 9-11 mph

SPRING SUMMER

direction: S direction: SV7 avg. speed: 10 mph avg. speed: 12.7 mph varies from 9-11 mph varies from 11-14 mph

FALL WINTER

51 SOLAR CONSIDERATIONS Abundant sunlight is a characteristic of the Midland area throughout the year and Midland/averages 168 clear days a year. Midland is located at a latitude of 31° 56' N and a longitude of 102° 12' W. From this point the

compass varies > 1'2° 'east of true • north . With the advent of the energy crunch and the desired sunlight for design accommodations, solar considerations are of a major importance.

52 !^

SUN ANGLES MONTHS 8 a.m. 12 noon 4 p.m, DEC. profile angle 5 32 23 altitude 3 34 17 azimuth 60 11 47 JAN/NOV profile angle 4 35 27 MONTHS WHERE SU altitude 2 36 20 azimuth 62 15 48 ANGLES COINCIDE FEB/OCT profile angle 11 43 38 altitude 4 42 27 DEC. azimuth 70 20 50

JAN. - NOV. MAR/SEPTprofile angle 45 54 52 altitude 12 52 33 FEB. - OCT. azimuth 78 24 60

MAR. - SEPT. APR/AUG profile angle 82 66 69 altitude 20 63 40 APR. - AUG. azimuth 88 26 72 MAY - JULY MAY/JUL profile angle 80 altitude 37 79 33 JUNE azimuth 95 10 96 JUNE profile 82 altitude 41 80 34 azimuth 94 25 99

53 AVERAGE SUNSHINE The sun shines quite a lot in this area. The area enjoys a sky that is lighter, clear or partly cloudy 73% of the time. The sky coverage does not vary a great deal from month to month hence, the sky re­ mains constant through the year.

20 •aw^MMMaattv

18

16 / \ N / \ 0 14 ..^ N 0 12 1, ^^^ • • * F • •-.. ,'"' • • • • • f 10 A • ^^^ • •• [•j_.. •. 1 • D • • A 8 1 - X-'' ^ Y ^ \ ^:.u^. y Clear S 6 \ > ./ Partly Cloudy • • •» » 4

Cloudy .—...._ i.

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC MONTHS

54 MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION SOIL

* Suitability as source of:

Top soil: fair: 6-10 inches of fine sandy loam.

Road Subgrade: fair: fair traffic supporting

capacity

* Degree of limitation for:

Highway location: moderate: fair traffic-sup­

porting capacity

Foundations for low buildings: moderate: fair

bearing capacity

Septic tank fill fields: moderate: moderate

permeability

Sewage lagoons: moderate: moderate permeability

Reservoir area: moderate: moderate permeability

Embankments: moderate: poor resistance to pip­

ing and erosion. SOURCE: Soil Survey of Midland County, * Soil features affecting; Texas, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Irrigation: all features favorable Soil Conservation Service, Apr. 1973. Waterway: all features favorable 55 pa©- ummairf

\ r

For the purpose of a cummulative cost percep­ tion, this chapter is a compilation of activity- related area groups. Each group as well as the entire complex as a whole, is designated an as­ signable square footage (ASF). Club activities tend to change with the age of the membership. Members get older, and their interests shift. Children grow up and become eligi­ ble for full memberships. Economic and social conditions change, and habits and intensity of use vary. Life span tends to increase because of scientific advancements, and older people must be considered in activities and space allocation. In short, a complex designed today with space allocations appropriate to present-day practices may be hopelessly outmoded by the time it has

reached only one-half of its useful age of 50 years.

56 In this context, it would appear that every effort should be made to prepare for eventual changes in the basic planning which will permit a longer use­ ful and efficient life to the building.

Flexibility of structure should be a keynote in the design where changes are so frequently made or it is known that future demands will differ con­ siderably from present ones. For analysis purposes the Midland Polo and Hunt Club may be separated into two major groups of activities; Clubhouse and Equine Areas. Each of these shall break down into sub groups.

CLUBHOUSE In our present complex society men have to seek out nature in such places as the riding arena. In order to relax tensions and feel again in har­ mony with their surroundings, the clubhouse has

57 I a counterpart to riding in the scheme of recreation and relaxation of the club members. In addition to providing for the adequate and efficient accommoda­ tion of club activities, the clubhouse must provide a cheerful, comfortable and relaxed atmosphere. The basic functions of the clubhouse will breakdown in the following manner: administrative, social, athletics, food service, storage and main- tenance facilities.

ADMINISTRATION Manager office Clerk office (receptionist) 400 ASF SOCIAL AREA Main areas Lounge Cocktail Main Dining Private Dining Library Billiards 6,000 ASF

58 Supplementary areas Main Entrance Men's and Women's Toilets Check Room 900 ASF

ATHLETICS Locker Rooms (men and women) shower toilets attendant's station Spa Pro Shop office storage Pool Area bathhouse deck pool Tennis Handball (interior) 5,100 ASF (exterior)18,000 ASF

FOOD SERVICE Kitchen food receiving and storage food preparation 650 ASF

59 r

STORAGE

1,100 ASF

MAINTENANCE

Janitor Closet Mechanical 1,250 ASF CLUBHOUSE TOTAL (interior) 15,400 ASF (exterior) 18,000 ASF

EQUINE AREAS The thrust of the equine complex is to provide an area for the most human and animal interaction. To achieve this, some basic ground rules must be laid out. Whether a horse is the star of the National Horse Show or a green-broke grade pas­ tured outside the year around, it has certain basic needs that will have to be seen to. And failure to fulfill any of these basic needs almost certainly

will end in equine health problems or even in the horse's death.

60 r

The first concern for any horse is a clean, adequate supply of water. Neglection for just two or three days could be fatal. The second most im­ portant concern and need for every horse is adequate feed. Malnutrition is usually due to ignorance. The malnourished horse has a low resistance to disease and is more likely to die from a respira­ tory ailment than from lack of bulk food.

All horses need a certain amount of exercise. The necessary amount, like food requirements, de­ pends on the individual animal. There are many ways to ensure that the horse gets a good daily dose of exercise. The most common method is to turn the animal out into a pen. Obviously, the best way to exercise saddle horses is to work them under saddle. Twenty minutes of concentrated effort at

all the gaits (or even at only the walk or trot) will exercise the animal. The Equine facilities will breakdown with the following functions:

61 Stabling, Open fields and Equine support.

STABLING Each stable will contain the following areas: Tack room Horse stalls Feed room Feed storage Straw storage Utility box Manure bunker

Stallion Barns breed shed Broodmare Barns Barrenmare Barns Isolation Barns Free Access Shelter Private Barns

(club) 88,125 ASF (private) 41,250 ASF

OPEN FIELDS Stabling fields pasture area runs paddock areas (exterior) 4,000,000 ASF

62 Performance Fields exercising area riding arena (int.) riding arena (ext.) jumping ring field trails polo fields 3-day event area (interior) 45,000 ASF (exterior)720,000 ASF

EQUINE SUPPORT

Wooden Horse Hot walker Spectator (interior) 4,000 ASF (exterior) 54,600 ASF

63 r

fB^(Bm: irfofrffiTBaoi]©' This section exists for the definition of various systems that perform within this facility. Basically, the systems are analysized in terms of their performance and their idiosyncrisies which will effect the cost of the facility-

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

The structural aspects dictated in this facil­ ity could not be defined as extraordinary or pro­ hibitive with one exception. The internal riding arena poses as a specific structural problem. The space is 100' x 300' and will need to be free of any structural element. This free span space although unique, should compliment other structure elements indicated elsewhere in the facility. This would result in a correspondence of design considerations throughout the facility.

In its natural environment, a horse will not stand in one place for hours at a time,especially

64 in conditions that are less than ideal. So for flooring to be good it must have certain basic characteristics: it should have some "give" to reduce strain on the horse's tendons or feet. The flooring materials most commonly found under stalls are dirt, concrete, wood, clay, sand, asphalt, and brick. And not one of these materials is perfect.

LIGHTING SYSTEMS A facility of this nature seems to warrant \ an abundance of natural lighting. To compliment I this, artificial light levels are needed to pro­ vide adequate lighting when needed. Special de­ mands places on the lighting system will take the formation of exterior lighting levels required by various activities.

65 There are some needs a horse has that a stable manager cannot replace artificially- Horses must be allowed some access to sunlight, for instance—an important source of Vitamin D. Ob­ viously, a light bulb will not do the job, but windows skylights and artificial lights are important to a horse's well-being. If the stable is lit by natural light during the day, then arti­ ficial light is needed only at night. A recessed or protected light bulb in each stall is recom­ mended, with brighter fluorescent fixtures for alleyways and tack and feed rooms. Ceilings should be at least 16 feet high for mercury- vapor lights to diffuse evenly.

POWER SYSTEMS The power system will provide electricity throughout the facility. This system should service the needs of each particular space as

66 r

well as any foreseeable overloading conditions. Most of this fluctuation will be in the form of various equipment involved.

The stable should have its own fuse box to prevent overloading of circuits. Wiring for stalls should be run behind the walls or in the ceiling—out of reach of horses' teeth or in­ quisitive lips.

Possible power needs may include electric heaters, electric clippers, an electric burner for cooking mashes, a heater cable or thermostat for the hydrants, a vacuum groomer, heat lamps for foals or sick animals, plus any number of added luxuries such as a radio or a refrigerator.

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS The mechanical system will provide the fresh

air requirements dictated by each space. This

67 system needs to also provide ventilation where needed.

The locker areas of the clubhouse is sus- ceptable to the most fluctuation. Care should be made to allow for expansion of- these areas.

Horses do better in a controlled temperature and a controlled humidity- In such an environ­ ment their metabolism is more stable, and they will therefore,make more efficient use of their feed and water.

The ideal temperature for most horses is somewhere between 45 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit, with 55 degrees best and for a newborn foal be­ tween 75 and 80 degrees. The ideal humidity for horses is somewhere between 50 and 75 percent, with 60-percent humid­ ity best. The average 1,000-pound horse breathes 2.1 gallons of moisture into the air each day-

68 So, quickly figuring out the numbers, if the stable holds 40 horses, you come out with 84 gallons of moisture per day. If the moisture has no place to go, you end up with a damp, moldy, smelly stable and horses that will continually suffer from respiratory ailments, stiffness, and mush­ rooms growing in stall corners.

Good ventilation must be designed into the original stable plans. High ceilings, vents, or windows that open encourage the air to circulate freely. Occasionally, efficient ventilation must be helped along by strategically placed fans and blowers. Needless to say, the larger the stable and the more horses there are in an area, the better the ventilation system must be. Ideally, a horse's drinking water should not be colder than 40 degrees Fahrenheit or warmer than 75 degrees.

69 '

FIRE CONTROL SYSTEMS

An excellent and integrated system must be provided for the facility to prevent the spread of initial fires as well as isolating them from other endangered areas.

There are a ninnber of fire-detection sys­ tems available. While somewhat expensive to install, they will quickly prove their value if confronted by fire. Certain ones are designed to detect smoke, even at the first stages of a smoldering fire, while others are designed to react to heat above 135 degrees. Fire-fighting systems work on the same principle and activiate an automatic sprinkler installed in the ceiling.

Even if a stable does not have such a system, it should not be without at least one easily accessible fire extinguisher that is checked monthly to make sure it is working properly-

70 '

It's always a good idea to hang several extin­ guishers around the stable, especially near where hay is stored.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS

Information movement will curtail three avenues. The first and foremost being a tele­ phone system enabling efficient and direct contact between the various centers of the complex. A public address system being second, as a con­ trolling factor for both patron and visitor. This system should be adaptable in all instances whether throughout the complex, or just for individual events. The third avenue is the physical transformation of information handled personally. This systems avenues will correspond with the system of people movement.

PEOPLE MOVEMENT SYSTEMS

71 f

A facility of this nature curtails a tre­ mendous amount of interaction at all levels. This system is needed to prevent chaos and con­ fusion between the various events. This system should diminish confusion in terms of directional indicators in controlling areas. It should be interactive with the information and security systems.

SECURITY SYSTEMS Security is essential and should be handled delicately and not be overemphasized. This would indicate few controlled penetrations of the site, yet freedom of flow within the site.

72 ZONING CODES The hunt club is located h mile outside Midland's city limits. Midland county operates under the Southern Building Code. The clubhouse shall be classified as Group B — (Buildings, Rendering ser­ vices, and occupied for sales of food, drink or mer­ chandise) . The equine areas shall be grouped as Mixed Occupancy structures. (When a building is used for two of more occupancies, classified within dif­ ferent occupancy groups, it shall be considered a mixed occupancy).

OCCUPANCY GROUPS SHALL INCLUDE:

Group B - Business Group E-2 Small assembly

Group F - Storage

These codes shall govern the safety procedures

involved in this complex,(fire -ratings, occupancies,

exits, etc.).

73 i FoonaoDeaaD /^[fDaDpo L The image of a club as an attractive, capacious center of healthful physical activity, leisure time relaxation and stimulating social relationships tends to obscure the stern reality of its economic needs. A club is a business operation at any level of its membership size, income and plant investment. While it is not operated for cash profits for its member-owners, it must make a profit to assure continuity, stability, and proper maintenance and improvement.

"The costs of the project initially, are tre­

mendous. Even if it eventually becomes a money

maker, the developer must count on losing annually

for the first two or three years." Initially, the

cost of this project will involve three phases of

cons true tion.~

PHASE I LAND The initial phase of this plant will involve •^Metropolitan Golf Asso., Golf Club Operations, M.S.A. NY,NY 1961 p. 1. 74 the purchase of approximately 240 acres of land. This land will be cleared for the immediate pre­ paration of the playing fields. Phase I is basically structured as follows:

A. Land 240 acres at $8,000 per acre $1,920,000

B. Clearing of trees, shrubs at $300 per acre $720,000 C. Rough grading, cuts and fill 50,000 cu. yds. at .50/cu. yd. $25,000

D. Lake excavation Ivimp sum $20,000 E. Topsoil- the top soil in Midland will be sufficient for the grasses needed. The site has no major out croppings of rock or caliche to

be covered. F. Grass selected is a bermuda grass and should cost $500 per acre $120,000

75 shall be considered. The initial cost of the landscaping program shall be a Ixamp sum. $100,000 C. Irrigation - this system will compliment the existing equip­ ment owned by the club. An addi­ tional 5,000 feet of pipe will be purchased. The existing wells will be used for the main water source. This cost should be $10,000

TOTAL COST OF PHASE I $2,925,000

Phase I will entail an initial cost of

$2,925,000. Cost escalation for this type of construction is running much lower than other disiplines of the construction industry. An annual rate of six percent compiled with a

76 SITE DRAINAGE

A. Surface drainage- the site has a drainage pattern running through the site. This provides a great source for excess runoff and no major additional surface preparation is needed.

B. Subsurface drainage- the climate in com­ bination with the soil mix do not require a subsurface drainage system of any magni­ tude.

FEATURE CONSTRUCTION A. Bridle Paths - these will be natural in their appearance, but fences and landscaping will be altered to achieve this. $10,000 B. Landscaping - this section is one that can be considered to have a dual role. Both initial and maintenance cost factors

77 ten month construction period beginning in ap­ proximately twelve months will bring the escala­ tion factor to an effective sixteen months.

Phase I cost $2,925,000 Escalation (.6% x 16 months) $3,159,000

PHASE II STABLES

This phase of the construction will involve erection of the stable facilities. This phase will involve the erection of the stabling area. This construction is basically simple. This phase will encompass approximately 90,000 square feet. At estimated cost of $15 per square foot. This estimate is for a basic working knowledge of the budget. The design and its compromises should be atuned to these figures yet not dictated.

TOTAL BUDGET FOR PHASE II $1,350,000

78 PHASE III CLUBHOUSE

The final phase being the clubhouse, involves many considerations to arrive to an effective budget concept. "There are at least 4 factors which have varying effects on clubhouse construction costs. They are: materials of construction, building code restrictions, design style and design layout"-'- This fact is evident in the following planning table considering similar project finances.

DATE PROJECTS LOCATION GROSS SQ. FT. TOTAL COST COST/SQFT

1973 Marina Point Clubhouse Aquarius,AL 32,900 1.25 Mill. 37-99

1973 Golf Resort Miami,FLA 43,000 2 million 46.51 Clubhouse

1979 Golf Lubbock,TX 24,200 950,000 39.26 Clubhouse Inflation of materials compiled with rising

labor cost have indicated that as effective infla­

tion rate of 14% per year is adaquate. InClubs : The Greatest Impact At the Highest Cost", House & Home, feb. 1973. 79 The estimated construction' cost for the Club has been tentatively set at $40 per square foot.

ESTIMATED COST

$40/sq.ft. X 14,000 sq. ft. = $560,000 Midpoint of construction estimated to be in 24 months

(1.16% per month x 24 months) = $156,800 Designer's Fee 10% for first $500,000 = $ 50,000 plus 7% of remaining = $ 15,176 4% contingencies = $ 28,672

TOTAL PHASE III OF BUDGET $810,648

TOTAL OF ALL PHASES = $5,319,648

80 "Profitability in a club operation is often an elusive goal. Balancing income and expense can be a strenuous effort that makes members unhappy about higher charges and reduced service." To develop a complete understanding of the clubs financing, the initial financing must be considered. Also an understanding of the clubs operating cost.

INCOME SOURCES: % of Income Annual Income (estimate) Dues (annual) 17% $240,000 Food, beverage sales 12% $169,700

Stable Revenue 53% $750,000 Other Revenue 18% $255,600

lockers (rental)

sales rentals (horse)

lessons

etc. $1,385,300 •"•Cliffer, Harold, Planning TOTAL INCOMING REVENUE: & Building the Golf Course, Nat'l Golf Foundation, Chicago, 32 ILL, 1967, p. 16. r

EXPENSE SOURCES:

% of expense Annual Cost (estimate)

administration 3.7% $ 47,640

club 8.1% $ 103,600

equine operation 18.1% $ 224,190 I 55.7% $ 714,000 stabling 4.4% $ 56,040 undistributed 3.6% $ 46,000 fixed I 4.2% $ 53,800 I other 2.2% $ 29,144 taxes

RED (ANNUAL) $ 1 ,274,500

B% OF GROSS $ 110,824

The dues allotted to each member are $1,250

annually with an inital fee of $2,000. This initiation fee compiled with the annual profit will be used to cover the initial building cost.

82 /

Dsteol pa©' i^sqiyoVsoinidoD' SPACE NAME: BUSINESS OFFICES ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Relaxed and informal area. SPACE NO.: 101 Natural lighting supplied with good artificial NO. OF UNITS 2 lighting also. This space should be business-like FLOOR AREA: 200 ASF yet not stuffy. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The offices are concerned with the daily aspects; managing the club's business scheduling,budgeting, purchasing, etc. Also the business offices are the heart of the communications for the entire complex.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 100 f.c. with fresh air requirements being 15 cmf/per- son. One space will be for the secretary and switchboard operation. The other will be for the manager and should be more private. The administrative offices are for conduct­ ing business for the club. Basically, there are two offices which constitute this function. The manager's private office should be behind the cler­ ical offices with respect to membership traffic to allow him maximum privacy from casual and time - consuming conversation with members. The business office should be close to the main entrance of the building so that salesmen and others having club business to transact will not have to wander through the club to find the manager or other office personnel. ADJACENCY: Indirectly related to spaces 102, 103 and 108.

OCCUPANCY: 1 manager 1 secretary 3 guests FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Office desks and chairs Credenza Lounging chairs End table Planters 83 Switchboard SPACE NAME: MAIN LOUNGE ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Com.fortable area with relaxing SPACE NO.: 102 atmosphere through a very enhancing view is necces- NO. OF UNITS:1 sary. FLOOR AREA: 1,000 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The club lounge is really the stopping off place for persons or groups waiting to participate in other activities as well as a passive recreation area.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The light level should be 10 - 30 f.c. with fresh air requirements of 35 cfm/ person. ADJACENCY; Directly related to space 110 and in- directlv related to spaces 103, 107, 113!,and 109

OCCUPANCY; 0-40 in transit FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Sofa Chairs End tables Coffee table Fireplace Telephone

84 SPACE NAME: COCKTAIL LOUNGE ARCH. DESCRIPTION: A classic atmosphere comfortable SPACE NO. l03 relaxing. Natural light during the daytime, inti­ NO. OF UNITS: 1 mate areas within the space. FLOOR AREA: 800 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The cocktail lounge is for serving drinks to patrons who are watching events or who wish to enjoy a before or after dinner cocktail.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 10-30 f.c. with fresh air requirements of 4 cmf/person The cocktail lounge is based as is the dining room- at 14 s.f./person. The cocktail lounge is almost consistently the profit maker for the club. The main cock­ tail lounge should be provided in the social end of the building. A secondary and smaller bar should be located in connection with the athletic areas. As mentioned before, the main cocktail lounge should be accessible directly from the main lounge for those who wish to enjoy a before- luncheon or before-dinner cocktail.

ADJACENCY; Directly related to space 108 Indirectly related to spaces 104, 108, and 109.

OCCUPANCY; 15 - 50 persons 1 bartender 1 waitress FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Portable bars should be available for large parties and receptions as the occasion warrants. Other furnishings: Seats for patrons Service sink Tables Ticket area Service bar Ashtrays Liquor storage area Telephone icemaker Television Food warmer 85 SPACE NAME: DINING ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Function space should have SPACE NO.: 104 visual relief, natural setting, natural lighting, NO. OF UNITS: 1 variable artificial lighting. FLOOR AREA: 1,800 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The main dining room should be designed to take care of the day to day service of the membership as well as the special functions of a more regular nature. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The fresh air requirements are 40 cfm/person, the lighting level should vary from 5 to 30 footcandles. The dining area should be approximately 24 to 26% of the clubhouse area. The dining area should be designed to accommodate the membership during both its busiest season and its poteatially busiest day such as New Year's Eve or the Fourth of July- During peak days, areas normally designated for other uses such as cocktail lounge, lounge or vestibule, or private party rooms can be used for general dining. In addition, normal every day clubhouse function will be more efficient.

ADJACENCY: Direct access to spaces lOS.ahd J17. Indirect access to spaces 108, 109, and 110.

OCCUPANCY: 125 diners FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Seating Tables Storage area Check area/ maitre-d' Waiter station

86 < SPACE NAME: DINING PRIVATE ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Natural lighting, clean yet SPACE NO.: 105 intimate; private place. NO. OF UNITS 1 FLOOR AREA: 500 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The private dining are is a space for private parties, entertainment, meetings, or presentations. Since the functions vary, these rooms should be adaptable to several moods. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 10-30 f.c. with fresh air requirements being 15 cfm/ person. The dining space will hold approximately 35 diners, each requiring 14 sq ft. per person. Private dining rooms should be private in the truest sense of the word. To provide privacy for the club members during outside parties or busi­ ness luncheons taking place in private dining rooms, these rooms should be accessible from the lounge or the main entrance. All dining rooms should be closely grouped around the food preparation center for the maximum speed and efficiency of service.

ADJACENCY; Directly related to spaces 103 and 109. Indirectly related to spaces 102 and 110.' OCCUPANCY: 30-40 persons maximum

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Seating Tables Movie Screen Planters Board table & chairs

87 SPACE NAME: QUIET ROOM/LIBRARY ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Quiet, composed space. Rich, SPACE NO.: 106 in quality and natural light supplied with good NO, OF UNITS: 1 artificial light. Indirect lighting. FLOOR AREA: 450 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This space is an escape of sorts. The library area would be set off to allow patrons to pursue various personal activi­ ties such as reading, waiting and meditation. Also this space will serve as a museum or trophy case to display various club accomplishments.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should vary 10-50 f.c. with fresh air requirement being 25-50 cfm/occupant. ADJACENCY: Indirectly related to space 102.

OCCUPANCY: 5 persons FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Bookshelves Trophy case Lounging chairs End tables Reading lamps Backgammon board Chess board

88 SPACE NAME: QUIET ROOM ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Lively, adaptable. Male BILLIARDS oriented space (smoky pool hall) Masculine. SPACE NO.: 107 NO. OF UNITS:1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The billiard area simply FLOOR AREA: 900 ASF provides a space to house this activity. This space is considered a passive recreational activity.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should vary 10-30 f.c. with fresh air requirements being 25-50 cmf/person. The clear unobstructed space required to situate a billiards table approximates 26 feet x 17 feet.

ADJACENCY: Indirect relation to spaces 102, 111 &112 OCCUPANCY: 5 persons

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Billiard table Ashtrays Lounging chairs End tables Ball & cue racks

89 SPACE NAME: MAIN ENTRANCE ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Spacious formal space with com­ SPACE NO.: 108 fortable and relaxing atmosphere. Natural lighting NO. OF UNITS 1 if possible. FLOOR AREA: 400 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The reception lobby should be a greeting space for patrons and guest. This space also serves as a waiting area and transitional space. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 10-30 f.c. with the fresh air requirements being 35 cfm/person. ADJACENCY: Directly related to spaces 10^2 and 110. Indirectly related to space 105 . OCCUPANCY: 5 patrons with 10 maximum

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Sofa Lounging Chairs Reading Lamps End tables Coffee tables Planters Ashtrays Telephone jack

90 SPACE NAME: REST ROOM ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Basic rooms, good lighting. SPACE NO.: 109 NO. OF UNITS: AS REQ'D FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: Toilet spaces are to be FLOOR AREA: AS REQ'D located conveniently for patron and employee use. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Lighting level should be 20 f.c. with a fresh air requirement of 2 cmf/square foot. These rooms should be impervious to water for convenient cleaning. Floor drainage is required. Toilet rooms should utilize one of the various types of tile for the walls (ceramic, structural glazed, etc.) and the nonslip matt glaze mosaic tile or quarry tile for floors. Generally accepted standards for the number of fixtures in the social end of the building are as follows:

No. of Persons Served No. of Water Closets 75 to 100 5 101 to 125 6 126 to 150 7 151 to 175 8 More than 175 Add 1 water closet for each 30 additional persons.

In men's toilet rooms, 66% of the water closets may be replaced by urinals. Lavatories should be supplied at the rate of one for every four water closets and/or urinals. A women's powder room in connection with toilet facilities is generally provided, although it is not absolutely necessary, ADJACENCY; Directly related to spaces 102, 103, 104 and 105. Indirectly related to space 108..

OCCUPANCY; Varies due to proximity. FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Toilet accessories, rest- ful seating, and Ashtrays. 91 SPACE NAME: CHECK ROOM ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Simple space adaquate wall space SPACE NO -: 110 secure and controlled area. Good artificial lighting. NO. OF UNITS 1 FLOOR AREA: 150 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The Check room provides an area of storage for patrons personal effects. In contrast with the locker area the check room pro­ vides its service to the social aspect of the club.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; Lighting level should be 30 f.c. with fresh air requirements shall be 15 cmf/person. The check counter should be lockable to insure garments against theft. ADJACENCY; Direct access to spaces 102 and 108. Indirect access to space 113-

OCCUPANCY: none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Hanging rods for coats Hat racks

92 SPACE NAME: LOCKER AREA ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Personal spaces informal atmos­ SHOWERS AND phere relaxing. Colorful bright - functional TOILETS SPACE NO.: 111 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The locker area is to pro­ NO. OF UNITS: 2 vide patrons with a space for rest, relaxation as FLOOR AREA: 1,000 ASF well as a center for personal storage. The area will also serve as a card room and shower area, each locker area is a private retreat for that particular sex.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The light level should be 30 f.c. with fresh air requirements to be 15 cfm/person. Fresh air fans are needed and the showers and toweling area should be easily cleanable. Shower fixtures should be provided at the rate of at least one fix­ ture per 40 to 4 5 members for whom lockers are fur­ nished. Water closets, lavatories, and urinals should be provided as indicated for supplementary social function. Full locker space - 12 sq.ft. per locker Clubhouse locker room, for men especially, is a social center where residents meet people, set up games, play cards, or watch television. Riciers should, first of all, have a separate entrance to the building and to their athletic facilities so as not to interfere with more formal functions of the social activities end of the building.

ADJACENCY: Directly related to space 112 and in- directly related to spaces 107, 114 and 116.

OCCUPANCY; 80 persons FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; 80 full height lockers 4 showers Water Closets Seating Urinals Card tables & chairs An attendant's station Storage for valet service Medicine cabinets 93 SPACE NAME: SPA ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Athletic area - clean and well lit. SPACE NO.; 112 NO. OF UNITS: 1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; Area for physical exercise. FLOOR AREA; 600 ASF Weight training, whirlpool, steam and sauna. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; The light level should be 50 f.c. with 10 air change per hour. Exterior ventilation is a must due to odors produced here.

ADJACENCY: Directly related to space 111.

OCCUPANCY: 15 maximum FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Weights Storage Exercise equipment Mirrors

94 SPACE NAME: PRO SHOP ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Sales, space good artificial SPACE NO.; 113 lighting for displays. NO- OF UNITS: 1 FLOOR AREA: 1,000 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; The Pro shop will curtail the sales and service of various equine equipment as well as a public brocures and information center. The area will provide a space for the manager's offiee.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; The lighting level should be 100 f.c. with fresh air requirements being 10-30 cfm/ occupant. A survey of 58 similar clubs, showed a Pro shop sq. footage of 2,53 per member, for dis­ play and sales area. An average stock room was approximately 140 sq. ft. These figures were for a golf club. An expanded pro shop is needed to compensate for the difference in goods sold.

ADJACENCY: Directly related to space ioi and indirectly related to spaces 102, 108 and 111. OCCUPANCY; 10 patrons or guests

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Storage units Telephone Display cases Ticket area Small working area Office area for pro desk chair credenza files

95 SPACE NAME: POOL AREA ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Sunny area; sximmer oriented, SPACE NO.: 114 (shadows, winds, sand, etc.) NO. OF UNITS; 1 FLOOR AREA: 2,800 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; This area serves as a support facility for the club. The pool adds another dimen­ sion to the services. Swimming, diving, and wading take place here. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should have 1 watt provided for every square foot of pool surface area. The pool is currently sized at 40' x 70'. The Deck is currently 100% of the pool area. The sizing of the pool is based on the desire for competitions, although a working figure for pool area is 36 square ft. per bather. While the pool itself may create a desirable view and have pleasing architectural effects, the activities which take place in and around the pool are not always a suitable view for the more formal dining or lounging areas of the club.

ADJACENCY: Indirectly related to space 111-

OCCUPANCY; 80 patrons maximum

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: 2 Life guard chairs 2 Diving boards Pool accessories rope vacuum brush, etc.

96 SPACE NAME: BATH HOUSE ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Exterior area, originated toward SPACE NO.: equatics. NO. OF UNITS FLOOR AREA: 900 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: Space for the sole usage of the swimmers. This area contrary to the equatic area, is directed toward more social aspects rather than physical exercise. Resting, lounging, sunning and small parties take place here.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Outdoor lighting is to be 10 f.c. the slope is to be 3%. The bath house area is usually 1/3 of pool area; area of dressing room approximates 1/5 pool area. Facilities should be provided as follows; 1 shower for each 40 bathers (3 min.) 1 lavatory for each 60 bathers (3 min.) 1 toilet for each 40 bathers (3 min.) women 1 toilet for each 60 bathers (2 min.) men 1 urinal for each 60 bathers (2 min.) men Facilities should be based on a ratio of 60% male and 4 0% female. ADJACENCY: Directly related to space 114 and in­ directly related to space 111- OCCUPANCY; Varies from 10 - 80 bathers

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Chairs Tables Pool equipment room Refreshment bar length 17'6" min. Drinking fountain width 7'8" min. Pool attendant station-80 ASF height 6'0" min. 50 bathing lockers/ door width 4'0" min. 12"xl2"x24"

97

^M^ SPACE NAME: TENNIS COURTS ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Performance space direct to­ SPACE NO.: 115 wards the demands of the sport. NO. OF UNITS: 2 FLOOR AREA: 7,200 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This area is for athletic competition. Although tennis will be played, the area is to supplement the clubhouse. i.,.:-i,- '.;'rl," i;i,.-v SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be ii'iciir,^' I .:onill(l 30 f.c. Surface is to be asphalt. Space should be . ; c'li-i^ 11'."'; i'^; left to expand the tennis facilities by at least 100%. Service IPC . ADJACENCY; Indirectly related to space 111. OCCUPANCY; 4 players maximum 5i'i-;v.;.E CW" FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Nets Umpire's chair Benches

I ic.' VJIJ • 9 ^

136-- n'l;-

'•-'vicc line '

'V;. ; —27-0"for ^itUlc^ • \ Ah R,\CK LOi'.'-W yrO'for Doulila-

O-pTi F-.i'.',' Iiiv: - 'V^ <'' 111 r l;_ .1 i''*. ] A'Cyi:' •/:'•''''

98 SPACE NAME: HANDBALL COURTS ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Specified space for athletic SPACE NO.: 116 competition. NO. OF UNITS 2 FLOOR AREA: 800 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The space exists as a com­ pliment for the complex. Handball, racketball and squash can be played here. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The light level should be 75 f.c. Heating is unneccessary although 10 air changes per hour are needed. A balcony should be provided for viewing of this area.

ADJACENCY; Indirectly related to space 111.

OCCUPANCY: 4 persons maximum FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Bell to time intervals.

93 SPACE NAME; KITCHEN ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Simple, clean and efficient. SPACE NO.: 117 NO. OF UNITS:1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The kitchen serves as a FLOOR AREA; 650 ASF food preparation and storage area. The need for an exterior access is needed for deliveries and waste removal.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 70 f.c. with fresh air requirements being 30 cfm/ person. The entire area should be condusive to the ease of cleaning. Floor drain should be provided. Venting will be a must. A dinin'g area should be provided in the kitchen area for the dining rocpm and kitchen help. A workable figure for the kitchen space is 36% of the dining area. Following factors make for the best kitchen and dining operation: Central location of kitchen to all food service areas Adequate and properly arranged equipment Properly located and adequate food receiving and storing facilities Good circulation to, from and withiji the kitchen One level operation Good ventilation or air conditioning Food check point for outgoing meals The use of the substation arrangement may be avoided entirely by prpperly grouping the various dining facilities around the mam kitchen. ADJACENCY: Directly related to spaces 104 and 105. OCCUPANCY; 4 staff members

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Dishwasher Vat fryer Icemaker Refrigerators Storage (dry and cold) Stoves 100 Food prep area SPACE NZ^E: STORAGE AREA ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Simple, durable space SPACE NO.; 118 NO. OF UNITS AS REQ'D FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This space will involve FLOOR AREA: 1,100 ASF various kinds of storage; supplies, equipment, seasonal items etc.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 10 f.c. Approximately 10% of clubhouses assimable square footage. The consequence of not providing adequate storage facilites is that labor costs to accom­ plish routine tasks are increased. GENERAL STORAGE. Maintenance equipment, party and tournament props, terrace furniture and umbrellas FOOD STORAGE. Refrigerated storage of proper tem­ perature for meats, vegetables and dairy foods; freezer storage; canned and bulk food storage; liquor and beverages storage (including wine cellar) FURNITURE. Extra banquet tables and chairs; car­ pets when taken up for dances; portable bars. LINEN. Linen, clean and soiled; uniforms, clean and soiled TABLE SERVICE. China, glassware and silver >!AINTENANCE. Tools and shop equipment; materials CLERICAL. Office records and supplies Important points in connection with the design of storage facilities, material and equipment must be stored at or near the point of use, to avoid consuming time and labor unnecessarily in setting up, taking down or usina these items.

ADJACENCY: as spaces dictated

OCCUPANCY: none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Shelving ~ Racks for Equipment 101 SPACE NAME: JANITOR'S CLOSET ARCH- DESCRIPTION: Simple basic space SPACE NO.: 119 NO. OF UNITS: AS REQ'D FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This space is for the stor- FLOOR AREA; 150 ASF age of janitor supplies. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 10 f.c.

ADJACENCY; none

OCCUPANCY; none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Service sink Shelving

102 SPACE NAME: MECHANICAL SPACE ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Basic space SPACE NO.: 120 NO. OF UNITS: AS REQ'D FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The mechanical space houses FLOOR AREA: 1,100 ASF all equipment and supplies for the mechanical needs of the facility.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The light level should be 20 f.c. and with air requirement should be 35 cmf/occupant. The space should have 10' clear span ceiling height. The mechanical space should be approximately 10% of clubhouse.

ADJACENCY: none OCCUPANCY; none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Hot water heater H vac system Power panel

103 101 Business Office

DIRECTLY 9

INDIRECTLY Q

NONE

104 SPACE NAME; STALLION BARN ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Heavy and strong spaces that SPACE NO.; 201 exemply restraint. NO. OF UNITS: 1 FLOOR AREA: 6,800 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This barn is for housing stallions as well as breeding purposes.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: An area inside the barn should be specified for the actual breeding purposes. Breeding area should be about 24 feet square and may include a stall for prepping the mare, a small stall for restraining her foal, and often a breeding rail over which the mare may first be teased. A stud stall should be fairly large- most breeders prefer a stall about 14 feet square— with its own paddock. The paddock fence should be strong and a minimum of 6 feet high.

ADJACENCY: Stallion barns are based on two theories; one says that the stallion ought to be kept away and upwind from the broodmares; the second theory says that stallions are herd animals that like to see other horses, even if only at a distance.

OCCUPANCY; 20 stud horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Same as typical barn.

105 SPACE NAME; BROODMARE FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; This ariea houses mares SPACE NO.; 202 which are used for breeding purposes. NO. OF UNITS: 2 FLOOR AREA: 5,500 ASF SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; The stalls in this struc­ ture should be at least 16' x 16'. An abundance of paddocks should be provided and a housing effi­ ciency should also be provided.

ADJACENCY: Indirectly related to space 201-

OCCUPANCY: 40 horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Same as typical horse barn. ~ Efficiency— Television Heater Lounge chair Bed Lavatory Restroom facility

106 SPACE NAME: BARRENMARE BARN FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: These barns provide the SPACE NO.; 203 bulk of the stabling. Working horses are housed NO. OF UNITS 11 here. FLOOR AREA: 5,600 ASF SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: This is the typical barn.

ADJACENCY: Directly related to spaces 208, 209 and 213. Indirectly related to spaces 201 and 202.

OCCUPANCY; 22 horses (avg.) FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Same as a typical barn.

107 SPACE NAME; ISOLATION BARN FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; This space is for iso- SPACE NO.; 204 lating sick animals or for keeping newly arriving NO. OF UNITS 1 horses for a short quarantine period. FLOOR AREA: 4,125 ASF SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The isolation barn should have its own watering and feeding equipment and its own waste-removal system. This area should be easy to clean and have a central drain. A 4 foot minimum door opening. The structure will need to support a horse in a sling. ADJACENCY: This area is to be away from other horses and yet close to the offices since a sick horse re­ quires more attention.

OCCUPANCY: 15 horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: 5 padded stalls Horse sling

108 SPACE NAME; FREE ACCESS ARCH. DESCRIPTION: This space provides a shelter in SHELTER-SHED an otherwise natural environment. SPACE NO.; 205 NO. OF UNITS: AS REQ'D FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This area (stall) should be FLOOR AREA: 144 sq.ft. large enough for each to turn around in comfortably per horse and safely. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The shed should have three walls; so as to not create a conflict when several horses bolt into it at once. The access shelter should be located within the pasturing area as warranted.

ADJACENCY: Directly related to space 207- OCCUPANCY; Will vary in number of horses but the space should hold all horses in the pasture. FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: None; although this shed could provide a good shelter for water, feed etc.

109 SPACE NAME: PRIVATE BARNS ARCH- DESCRIPTION: These barns cater to the specific SPACE NO.: 206 patron and will vary greatly yet the land it sits on NO. OF UNITS 10 is club owned and maintained- FLOOR AREA: 4,120 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This is a typical barn area. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Same a typical barn

ADJACENCY; These areas should be located to give an air of privacy about them. OCCUPANCY: 12 horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: " Same as typical barn.

110 STABLING A stable creates an artificial environment for horses. Taking a horse out of the cold also removes it from such natural elements as sun, water, fresh air, soft ground to lie on, and well-drained ground to stand upon. In the stable the horse is forced to rely upon stable personnel for all its needs. So consideration must be given to each seemingly minor equine requirement.

All stable buildings satisfy three basic needs of the horse owner: they confine the horse, they control its environment, and they provide storage areas for feed and tack.

Each space may vary in size and emphasis due to the functional particulars of the specific barn. The approximate assignable square footage per horse for each space is presented as follows along with the space.

Tack Room 9 ASF/horse

Horse Stall 144 ASF/horse

111 Feed Room 5 ASF/horse Feed Storage 9 ASF/horse Straw Storage 60 ASF/horse Utility Box 21 ASF/horse Manure Bunker 25 ASF/horse

*NOTE: The feed and straw storage are based on bimonthly deliveries of materials-

112 SPACE NAME: TACK ROOM ARCH. DESCRIPTION: This area could be considered SPACE NO.: 301 along with the office area, the pulse of the stable NO- OF UNITS: 15 area. Often a tack room is not only the meeting place FLOOR AREA: 180 ASF each for the stable personnel but it serves as an infor­ mation center as well. Repairs and some clean up will take place here.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; The tack room serves as a storage area for saddles and bridles, girthes etc. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; The lighting level should be 30 f.c. with no air requirements other than natural ventilation. ADJACENCY: This space should be directly related to spaces 303, 306, 309 This space should be indirectly related to spaces 302 and 307. OCCUPANCY: Maximum of five persons. FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Medicine cabinet Bit case Blanket storage & dry­ ing area Added storage-misc. Saddle racks Telephone Deep sink Tool storage area brooms, manure forks, shovels, wheelbarrows, basic tool kit,(screw­ drivers, pliers, etc.)

113 SPACE NAME: HORSE STALL ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Stalls should be solid, light, SPACE NO.: 30 2 well ventilated and draft-free. Inside the stall NO. OF UNITS:300 IS one place where decorating must be free of any FLOOR AREA: 144 ASF jutting edges and furnished with only the bare neces­ sities. Basically, the horse requires only a feed manger and a water basin. For some horsemen even a hay rack is optional equipment. The food manger should be hung in a corner, preferable one that is convenient for you to reach when filling it.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; Basically, these spaces are for the boarding of horses.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; The lighting level 10 F.C. with natural ventilation, being the only provided fresh air. The materials used here should be waste resistant. Doors that swing open should always be hung to swing out, never into the stall. 4 foot door minimum opening. Most box stalls are 12 feet square. A stall 10 feet square is often sufficient for medium-sized horses, while that size would be most generous for ponies. On the other hand, broodmare stalls are usually 16 feet square, and stallion stalls generally 14 feet square. If your horse has access to a roomy paddock, then a minimal stall is fine. The area need only be large enough for the animal to turn around comfor­ tably, to iie down with ease, and to get up again without danger of becoming cast. (Casting occurs when a horse, rolling on its back, gets caught up against a stall wall and is unable to get its legs underneath its body-)

ADJACENCY: Direct relation to spaces 303,305, and indirect relation to spaces 309 and 301.

114 OCCUPANCY: one horse FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: The grain box is normally hung at about two-thirds the height of the horse. For most horses that is between 38 and 42 inches from the ground. A manger, hay rack, provision for water, salt lick holder, electric lighting point,and electric power point are also provided.

115 SPACE NAME: FEED ROOM ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Simple room, efficiency should SPACE NO.; 303 be stressed. NO. OF UNITS; 15 FLOOR AREA: 100 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; The feed room is intended to house the bins containing the feed for daily use, as opposed to the feed store which will contain the sacks of food or the containers if bulk storage is used.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The light level should be 30 f-c. with no fresh air requirements. Water on tap in the feed room helps to clean out feed buckets, mix boiling mashes, and generally keep the room clean. Ideally, the feed room must have a solid rat and mouse proof flooring (concrete is best and easiest to clean.) Horses are by nature grazing animals, their stomachs are relatively small (about 4 gallons in capacity) and cannot handle the daily ration all at once, as can the stomachs of many other animals. This is why stabled horses are fed two to three times daily- A side benefit of such multiple feedings is that is helps prevent boredom.

ADJACENCY; Direct adjacency to spaces 301, 302, and 304 as well as indirectly adjacency to space 305 and 309. OCCUPANCY: none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Storage boxes for various feeds; oats, bran, barley, nuts, etc. Sink with hot and cold water.

116 SPACE NAME: FEED STORAGE AREA ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Simple area, clear space for ease SPACE NO.: 304 of storage. NO. OF UNITS 5 FLOOR AREA: 500 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This space is for seasonal storage of grain feeds, care should be taken to protect the sacks. Outside supply access should be direct.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 30 f.c. with no fresh air requirements. Each horse needs approximately 50 cu. ft. for a one month's supply of grain feed. NOTE; feed is hard to stack over 6 ft. high without mechanical assistance.

The feed room of a small stable needn't be partic­ ularly large, but it must be separated from the stall area by a sturdy partition and a horseproof lock. Thus the room should also be accessible to delivery areas. Larger stables store their feed in special metal grain bins designed for that pur­ pose. These bins are often built on the roof of the stable, connecting to the feed room by a chute that empties into a container or feed cart.

ADJACENCY: Direct adjacency to space 303 with indirect adjacency to space 305.

OCCUPANCY: none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Shelving for small items.

117 SPACE NAME: STRAW & HAY ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Space clear of obstructions for STORAGE AREA use of stacking bales. SPACE NO.: 305 NO. OF UNITS: 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; This area is for long terra FLOOR AREA: 3,000 ASF storage of hay. Direct access to a delivery area should be arranged. Fire prevention should be stressed. Daily feeding in hay nets will originate here and be taken to loose boxes.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; The lighting level should be 30 f-c. with no fresh air requirements- One horse will require 80 cu- ft. of storage for the one month supply of straw. NOTE: hay in bales may be stacked up to 20 feet high with no difficulty- Stable designs include -a loft for hay storage; others provide for a separate floor. To keep the stable warm in winter and cool in summer. But hay also has another inherent quality that is impor­ tant to keep in mind: it is highly flammable. Many stable designers opt for safety, storing hay away from the stall areas in a fireproof room or

ADJ.ACENCY: Should be directly related to space 302 and indirectly related to 304 and 303.

OCCUPANCY: none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Hay conveyor belt ~~ Hand hay hooks

118 SPACE NAME: UTILITY BOX ARCH DESCRIPTION: Good, natural lighting, and clean­ SPACE NO.: 306 liness should be stressed. Should adapt to a wide NO. OF UNITS: 35 variety of uses - a catch-all area for the stable. FLOOR AREA: 180 ASF CEILING HEIGHT: 10 FEET MIN. FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; The space is aspirical, stall for grooming, clipping, shoeing, washing, etc. Good natural light.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 30 f-c- with no fresh air requirements. The floor area should be impervious to organic chemicals. 4 foot minimum door opening. A faucet in the grooming area is useful for filling a wash bucket or for attaching a hose or spray to rinse the horse down. There should of course be a drain in the floor to carry off the waste water. The grooming area should have firm, nonskid floor­ ing, a high ceiling, drainage, electrical outlets for grooming equipment, and a storage shelf or cab­ inet for grooming supplies. ADJACENCY; Should be adjoined to space 301

OCCUPANCY: one horse

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Hose bibb Hay rack Salt lick holder Manger Radiant heater- hung from ceiling First aid kit

119 SPACE NAME: MANURE BUNKER ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Closed up and isolated SPACE NO.; 307 NO. OF UNITS; 30 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This area is for the decay­ FLOOR AREA: 250 ASF ing and chemical breakdown of manure. Direct veni- cular access should be provided for pick up of waste.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; Lighting level should be 10 f.c. with no fresh air requirements. This entire space should be impervious to organic waste. One 1,000 pound-horse will produce 10 tons of manure per year. Fortunately, only 20 percent of horse manure is urine; the rest is dry. Horse manure can, there­ fore, be handled with forks as a solid rather than with shovels as a liquid. The manure bunker constitutes remembering manure attracts flies, and has a bad odor as it com­ posts. It may smoke as it composts, and that its ammonia content may be damaging to foundations. The last two points are sound resaons for locating the manure pile a distance from the stable walls.

ADJACENCY; none OCCUPANCY: none FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: none

120 SPACE NAME: STABLE OFFICE ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Comfort, relaxing with natural SPACE NO.: 308 lighting if possible. NO, OF UNITS: 6 FLOOR AREA: 250 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This area is the pulse of the stable area. Schedules are made and appointments arranged through stable personnel. Feeding, breeding, and exercising records are kept up to date here.

A workroom (and a social area for swapping horse tales). It is not uncommon to find a couch, a refrigerator, a bar, and a wall decorated with ribbons or photographs in this room.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The lighting level should be 50 f.c. with fresh air provided by a window air handler. Be dust free.

ADJACENCY: Directly adjacent to space 301 and indirectly realted to spaces 302,and 303.' . OCCUPANCY: Usually one or two persons with a max­ imum of five to seven.

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Telephone External bell Desk Chairs Filing Cabinets Cupboard Lockers Tack board

121 201 stallion Barn /TTS 202 Broodmare Barn XoX 203 Barrenmare Barn SOX / 204 Isolation Barn 205 Free Access Shelter 206 Privately Owned Barns 301 Tack Room 302 Horse Stall X*A

303 Feed Room ., /•N/^ /^ 304 Feed Storage /

XA XX XX

DIRECTLY 0

INDIRECTLY O

NONE

122 SPACE NAME; PASTURE AREA ARCH. DESCRIPTION; The area should provide the SPACE NO.: 207 horse with a few basic needs. Fresh water and NO. OF UNITS: 20 minerals; shelter from wind and flies; a dry soft FLOOR AREA: 3 acres per area to bed down; and food. A controlled yet horse natural environment.

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: An area equiped so horses can be turned out to graze. The horse has a cer­ tain freedom of movement which gives this space a spontaneous atmosphere. These areas can effectively put to use any extra available land-

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Pastured areas will need to be kept well manacured. Some feed will have to be added to a horses' diet. Horses turned out to pas- ture, require anywhere from 1^ to 3 acres or more per animal. This area will be enclosed by fencing. ADJACENCY: Directly related to space 213 and in­ directly related to spaces 208 and 209. OCCUPANCY; Varies with season and stables needs. Summer will have maximum occupancy. FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Fresh water trough—calculate one linear foot per five horses. NOTE: area around though might become a mudhole by constant traffic. Salt and Mineral blocks - these additives melt when exposed to rain Feed bin - for subsequent feeding; needs to be easily accessable.

123 SPACE NAME: PADDOCK ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Exterior area fenced to allow SPACE NO.: 208 freedom of movement. NO. OF UNITS: 30 FLOOR AREA; 1 acre FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: An area for horses to play and have free run for exercise- This area is open air and should get adequate sunshine, as well as have a shaded area within its fences.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; This area is open to the elements and should be positioned to avoid wind drafts. This area should be easily cleanable (solid waste) also good drainage is a must. ADJACENCY: Directly related to spaces 207 and 308. Indirectly related to space 209-

OCCUPANCY: 1-5 horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Shaded area- 50 sq.ft per horse.

124 SPACE NAME: EXERCISE AREA ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Open, free wheeling space with SPACE NO.: 209 no specific rules or norms. NO. OF UNITS AS REQ'D FLOOR AREA: AS REQ'D FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; This space allows the riders an area for conditioning their horses. The area will serve a wide variety of persons and thus should be very adaptable. This area encompasses the entire facility since the conditioning process is neverending

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: none; space should be as spontaneous as exercising. ADJACENCY: Indirectly related to spaces 210, 211 and 213.

OCCUPANCY; 50 horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Equine jumping Fencing

125 SPACE NAME: RIDING ARENA ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Same as exterior arena except INTERIOR for interior space artificially lit. SPACE NO.: 210 NO. OF UNITS: 1 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; The arena is for indoor FLOOR AREA: 45,000ASF polo, jumping, exercising or pleasure riding. CEILING HT.: 20' min. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; This area should be well ventilated. The lighting level should be 30 f.c. There is no need to condition the air in this space due to Midland's climate and the inherent nature of equitation. This area may be semi-enclosed or simply covered from the elements and fully enclosed at a later date. The floor surface is the same as space 406. ADJACENCY: Directly related to space 211 and indirectly related to spaces 209, 212 and 213. ^11 \ - • LLJ ' '.u^—)•; OCCUPANCY; 10 horses y X ie\ FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Temporary jumps and 63; obstacles.

/'J^ a t-^ /

ill 0

126 SPACE NAME: RIDING ARENA ARCH. DESCRIPTION: Simple, functional exterior EXTERIOR space. SPACE NO. ; 211 NO. OF UNITS: 2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; The area is for horse and FLOOR AREA: 45,000ASF jumping shows, Also this arena can be used for VOLUME REQ'Q: 600,000 ft^ arena polo. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Good drainage plan. The surface may be laid from any number of materials for the desired footing: manure mixed with sand; tanbark or soil about 6 to 8 inches deep; shavings or sawdust mixed with so il; 18 to 24 inches of sand; or shredded rubber. A r iding arena for a large horse show is usually 15 0 X 300 feet with straight sides of 200 feet. Many commercial establishments function quite well with rings only 125 x 250 feet. ADJACENCY: Directly related to spaces 210 and 212, Indirectly related to spaces 209 and 213.

OCCUPANCY; 6 horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Jumping obstacles and 4 foot solid fence on perimeter.

127 SPACE NAME: JUMPING RING ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Formal space, well manacured and SPACE NO-: 212 faultless in its character. NO. OF UNITS: 1 FLOOR AREA: 45,000 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The Ring is for the most formal of events. Equine activities here are to be totally for Shows.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; In the specific requirements, this space is similar to space 211 and dissimilar to 210, ADJACENCY: Direct relation to space 406 and indirect relation to space 405.

OCCUPANCY: 1 horse FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Formal planting Jumps Water obstacles Permanent spectator stands (500)

128 SPACE NAME: FIELD TRAILS ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Spontaneous and ever changing SPACE NO.: 213 space yet a certain hierachy should be present. NO- OF UNITS: AS REQ'D FLOOR AREA: AS REQ'D FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION; The field trail is similar to the exercise area in its nature. The one ex­ ception being a somewhat directional course or sequence of views is provided. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Marked trails; views should be personified to make this space a journey rather than another riding area. ADJACENCY: Directly related i-n spaces 207 and 215 Indirectly related to space 209.

OCCUPANCY: 20 horses FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: none natural elements

129 SPACE NAME: POLO FIELD SPACE NO.: 214 ^JT—^l^l'"''''-playing conditions . ^^^^^ ^P^^^ ""-t comform to NO. OF UNITS: 4 FLOOR AREA; 540,000ASF FUNCTIONAJ[,_DESCR^^ The space is for practicing and playing the game of polo. praccicmg

|P|CIFICREQUIREMEf^ The field must be reasonably flat and kept free of hazardous holes or imperfec­ tions. A perimeter of boards may be set up as a bumper board if space is at a minimum. These boards enable a smaller field to be used.

ADJACENCY: Directly related to space 218 and indirect­ ly to spaces 207, 209- and 213. OCCUPANCY: 8 players maximum

FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; 4 goal posts Timer's tower 20' high.

..i-uLJLLL.

•n 5

COAU 3 C/IROS 1

i' ji.

130

^ SPACE NAME: RUNS ARCH DESCRIPTION: Exterior area to expand the barn, SPACE NO.: 215 stalls, outside and still maintain control over the NO. OF UNITS: 100 animal. FLOOR AREA: 250ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: The area allows the horse more freedom of movement. Tha space allows a horse more sunshine and the opportunity to interact with other horses. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The area should be fenced at least 5' high. Footing should be natural to allow the horse a relief from the stall area. ADJACENCY: Direct relation to space 302 and indirect relation to spaces 207 and 208.

OCCUPANCY: 1 horse FURNISHINGS 6. EQUIPMENT; Fence enclosure

131 SPACE NAME: WOODEN HORSE ARCH. DESCRIPTION; Mechanical area dictated by SPACE NO.: 216 its function. NO. OF UNITS: 2 FLOOR AREA; 500 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: An artificial area to learn the mechanics of hitting the polo ball. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: The polo cage is of frame construction, rectangular in shape, with sides extended upward by chicken wire. The wooden horse built in the center is fixed to a level floor which tapers upward to the side walls of the cage. The ball when hit is deflected upward by the inclined walls and returns to the floor level from varying directions. Thus the ball may be hit either while it is at rest or while in motion.

ADJACENCY: none specifically required

OCCUPANCY: 1 rider FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Wooden horse Polo ball & mallet

132 SPACE NAME; HOT WALKERS ARCH. DESCRIPTION: This space is dictated by the SPACE NO.: 217 mechanical needs of the machine. NO. OF UNITS 15 FLOOR AREA: 36,000 ASF FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This machine is for cool­ ing horses down after a hard workout. They are tied to cantalevered arms and led in a circulature fashion until the horse has returned to normal. This apparatus frees the staff for other necessary duties. SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS; Machine approximately 50' in diameter. ADJACENCY; As required; may be in a separate shed or in the center of a paddock.

OCCUPANCY: 6 horses maximum FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT; Electrical outlet 3/4 horse power motor

133 SPACE NAME: SPECTATOR SPACE NO.: ARCH- DESCRIPTION: Interior or exterior area- 218 temporary spaces, controlling area- The seating NO. OF UNITS AS REQ'D areas will vary greatly and thus need to be verv FLOOR AREA: AS REQ'D flexible-

FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION: This space is for viewing of the various sporting events- The performing events should dictate the requirement of seating.

SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS: Good viewing of the event despite the location of the action- The limitations of normal visual acuity make any seating falling (Dutside a radius of 200 ft. from the center of action increasingly marginal. The seating height limit above the floor is 65 to 70 ft. Access to the play­ ing floor surface for large trucks will be required at one or more points. Vomitories at least 10 ft. wide and 14 ft. high should be .provided at one end of the playing floor. The minimum recommended width of seating is 19 inches and they should vary up to 23 inches. Concession stands for food, bever­ ages, souvenirs, and coat checking should be provided at convenient locations in the promenade areas. Counter areas should be as long as practical and if possible recessed in alcoves to prevent backup of patrons into circulation spaces. Storage space should be provided immediately adjacent to each counter area.

ADJACENCY; As required by event

OCCUPANCY: 1,000 spectators for polo 200 spectators for field events 500 spectators for jumping (int.) 1,000 spectators for jxomping (ext.) Other viewing areas may be warranted by the evolving equine sports.

13,4 FURNISHINGS & EQUIPMENT: Seating for spectators

135 207 Pasture 208 Paddock Areas 209 Exercising Areas 210 Riding Arena Int 211 Riding Arena Ext 212 Jumping Ring - Formal 213 Field Trails 214 Polo Fields

DIRECTLY 9 INDIRECTLY Q NONE

136 oogitraplhi^ BOOKS

Aigner, Hal, and Others. The Clear Creek Bike Book. New York, New York: American Library, 1972. Brinker, Norman. Year Book of the United Starfagg Polo Association. Oak Brook, Illinois: U. S. Polo Association, 1978. Butt, Dorcas Susan. Psychology of Sport. New York, New York: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc.

1976. Chamberlin, Helen Bradman. Training Hunters, Jumpers, and Hacks. New York, New York: The Derrydale

Press, Inc., 1937. differ, Harold J. Planning the Golf Clubhouse. Chicago, Illinois: National Golf Foundation,

1956. Davy, Dolin. Horses in Action. London, England; William Brendon & Son Ltd., 1938.

137 De Chiarra, Joseph & Lee Koppelman. Planning Design Criteria. New York, New York: Van Reinhold Co. 1969.

De Chiarra, Joseph & Lee Koppelman. Site Planning Standards. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1978.

De Chiarra, Joseph & John Callender- Time Saver

Standard^ For Building Types. New York, New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company- 1973. Department of Commerce, U.S.A. Climatological Data- Texas . Asheville, North Carolina: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1974. Driver, B. L. Elements of Outdoor Recreation Planning. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1975.

Edwards, Elwun Hartley- From Paddock to Saddle - Great Britain: Butler & Tanner Ltd-,Frome and London, 19 72-

138 Fritz, John H. Champion Horses & Riders of North America. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1975.

Gabrielsen, M. Alexander. Swimming Pools. Fort

Lauderdale, Florida: Hoffman Publications, Inc., 1969.

Golf Club Operations. New York, New York: Metro­ politan Golf Association, 1961. Jones, Reese L- & Gary L. Rando. Golf Course Develop­ ment. Washington, D.C.: Urban Land Institute, 1974.

Levings, H. Patricia. Training the Quarter Horse Jumper. Cranbury, New Jersey: A. S. Barnes

& Co. Inc., 1968. Lodge, Richard. Guide to the Analysis of Golf Courses 5t Country Clubs. Chicago, Illinois: American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers, 1971.

139 Lytle, R. J. Farm Builders Handbook. Farmington,

Michigan; Structures Publishing Co., 1973. McGuinness, VJilliam J. and Benjamin Stein- Mechanical

& Electrical Equipment for Buildings- New York, New York; John C. Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1971. McMaster, R. K. Polo for Beginners & Spectators. New York, New York; Exposition Press, 1954. Morris, George H. Designing Courses and Obstacles - Boston, Mass-: Houghton Muffin Co-, 1978. National Electrical Code. Boston, Mass.; National

Fire Protection Association, 1978. Paillard, Jean Saint-Fort Commandant. Understanding

Equitation. Garden City, New York; Doubleday & Co. Inc., 1974. Paterson, John. Information Methods. Great Britain:

John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 1977-

140 Ramsey, F. W. Polo Pony Training. London, England: Gale & Polden, Ltd., 1932.

Sanoff, Henry. Methods of Architectural Programming.

Stroudburg, Penn.: Dowden, Hutchison & Ross, Inc., 1977. Shivers, Jay S. Planning Recreational Places. New

York, New York; McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1964. Simonds, John Ormsbee. Landscape Architecture. New York, New York: F. W. Dodge Corp., 1961. Southern Building Code Congress. Southern Standard Building Code. Biringham, Alabama; 1973. Squires, Dick. The Other Racquet Sports. New York,

New York; McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1978. Steinkraus, William- The U. S. Equestrian Team Book of Riding. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster,

1976. Tester, David K. Designing the Method. Raleigh, North Carolina; Wittenborn and Co., 1974.

141 U.S.L.T.A. Facilities Coram. Tennis Courts. Lynn, Mass.; H.O. Zimman, Inc., 1975. Wing, Bryce S. Steeplechasing in America. New York,

New York: Triangle Publications, Inc., 1954.

MAGAZINES Allen, John Houghton, "The Gentleman'a Game." Holiday, XVI (September, 1954). Cantward, Robert. "The Cowboy Who Showed 'Em."

Sports Illustrated, XLVI (May.- 1977). Gary, Joyce. "The Most Exciting Sport in the World." Holiday, XXI (June, 1957). Christopher, Reeny- "Polo; Many Games." Horse Lover's National, XLIII (January, 1979). "G. M. Turfgrass Selection Guide." Grounds

Maintenance Magazine, (September, 1973). Heinz, Katch. Midland Polo Club Magazine.

142 Kraft, Virginia. "Equestrian Events; Jumping to a

Thrilling Conclusion." Sports Illustrated, XLIX (September, 1978). Mcllvanney, High. "Revival of an Old Rock Festival."

Sports Illustrated, XXXV (August, 1978). "Observer: Stables." Progressive Architecture,

(May, 1967). O'Malley, Jeanne. "Getting Started." Horse Lover's National, XLIII (January, 1979). Shepley.- James R. , "A Touch of Iron & Elegance."

Time, Inc. CXII (October, 1978). Shinitzky, Ami. "Polo." Polo Publishers Inc.

(March, 1979) . Shows, Marie E., "Field Notes." Hilliard Survey,

(March, 1966). Wellemeyer, Marilyn. "The Perilous Pleasures of Polo."

Fortune, XCII (October, 1975).

143 INTERVIEWS

Baker, Fred. Director Planning Department. Midland, Texas. January,1979 . Ellis, Tommy. Operator - Rainbow Stables. Midland

Equestrian Club. March, 1979. Larson, Ruth. Executive Secretary to the U. S. Polo Association. Oak Brook, Illinois. February, 1979. Sted, Jack. National Committee of Polo. Washington,

D.C. February, 1979. Stimmel, James. Director of Midland Polo Club. Midland, Texas January, 1979. Tyler, Fred. Director of Midland Chamber of Comraerce.

January, 1979.

144 DOCUMENTATION The setting for this project, the West Texas area, is a region rich in it's culture and proud of its heritage. Since the days of the great cattle drives north, ranching has played and still plays a major role in the lives of the people of West Texas. These people in a sense are my client. I attempted to capture their lifestyle by designing a facility accentuating the western lifestyle.

This style is characterized by functional design, constructive relation with the site and climate, and the availability of local materials and labor- The ranch style has been described by historians as both barbaric and elegant. Barbaric in the sense that the surroundings, climate and way of life put harsh demands on the facility. Elegant in that within these demands there is room for a full range of refinements to be expressed. The site offered no great features that could be accentuated to any degree of real satisifaction. Thus features had to be created physically. The only view off the site which offered any promise was that of the downtown area situated to the Southeast five miles from the site. The facility was situated so that the primary viewing areas were terminated by this element. Other site features at a more intimate scale, are the development of two lakes situated at the lower drainage areas of the site, and.the use of varied landscaping.

Trees provide an entry sequence on the site in framing the clubhouse by increasing the intimacy of the views. Also trees are used in the design to block and shelter areas from the wintry winds. The design also calls for oderferious trees to serve as an element for softening the harsh odors in the stable area. Within the stable or barn areas,- berming is used to defray winds as well as block unpleasant views of the servicing areas. Elsewhere on the site berming plays an effective role in the elevation of seating areas to view events.

The barns are divided into two entities. One being a private, more enclosed barn and the other being an open club owned stable like facility. The private barns will be financed by individual owners. It will be limited in materials to plywood, sheathing, concrete block and metal roofing. Since these barns are situated on club property their design will be subject to the clubs approval. My-design for this facility is a suggestive one. It basically con­ sists of a central alleyway servicing functions on either side with the storage and supply rooms to the north, thus the stalls to the south and to the sun. A clear story is provided to catch the northern indirect light. Directly above the alleyway, a loft is situated so that straw feeding can take place by throwing straw directly into each stall.

The club owned stables are more open to the elements than the private stables and are limited to single story construction. They are constructed of a ply­ wood exterior skin, wood structured elements and metal roofing. These public stables are layed out with the activities in front of them and viewed by passing automobiles without being obtrusive. Again the tack and field areas are used as shield­ ing elements and the runs are also situated to the southern side.

The Clubhouse design is where the western lifestyle is addressed to the fullest. Its long low profile accentuates and typlifies the rolling plains of the area. The club's design consists of two basic ele­ ments. One being the social aspect and the other being the supportive athletic facility. A central spine is used in the same degree that the alleyway is used in the barns. Hence, the activities situated on opposing sides. This alleyway is also the primary connector between the social and athletic areas.

The social area is designed with the main lounge to serve as a transitional space. Dining and cock­ tail lounge are situated on either side with a commanding view of the southern polo fields. The northern side of the social area is reserved for the kitchen and business offices respectively. Also to the north, a courtyard was developed to provide intimate entry and a viewing area from the

i library, business offices and private dining.

The athletic portion of the clubhouse has a simple lounge situated to serve the swimming pool and locker area. The eastern end of this building has a mixed grill which will provide service to the viewing porches and will be served by the main kitchen.

The clubhouse is situated on a Spanish crimson tile base, and is a light brown brick with wood structure and a tan clay tile roof. The interior furniture is an antique decor mixed with modern complimentary pieces. These pieces are handmade in appearance and materials. This is to compliment the ranch style.

A third element introduced to the clubhouse is the interior arena. In attacking this problem, I de­ cided to give the space a barn-like appearance. One of being added on to or refurbished throughout the years. A central clear story is provided for interior natural lighting and the seating for the arena is again protective earthen berms.

The building is bermed to elevate the viewing ter­ races as well .as to serve as a depot for the dis­ carded soil from the lakes. The gradation of the site is altered slightly at the southern end to ensure proper drainage of the center fields.