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Aspectos De Manejo De Zonas Arqueológicas De Patrimonio Mundial

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Aspectos De Manejo De Zonas Arqueológicas De Patrimonio Mundial NSTITUTO NACIONAL DE ANTROPOLOGÍA E HISTORIA / COORDINACIÓN NACIONAL DE ARQUEOLOGÍA ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS INSCRITAS EN LA LISTA DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL INS TITUTO NACIONAL DE ANTROPOLOGÍA E HISTORIA/COORDINACIÓN NACIONAL DE ARQUEOLOGÍA ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL DIRECCIÓN DE OPERACIÓN DE SITIOS SUBDIRECCIÓN DE METODOLOGÍA DE PLANES ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS INSCRITAS EN LA LISTA DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL Sitios de Patrimonio Mundial en México Actualmente están inscritos en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial 31 sitios del territorio nacional, entre los cuales se incluyen diversas categorías, como los sitios de Arte Rupestre, Ciudades Históricas, Bienes Religiosos, Sitios mixtos, Paisajes Culturales, Rutas e Itinerarios culturales, así como Bienes Arqueológicos. Este título conferido por la UNESCO tiene como objetivo catalogar, preservar y dar a conocer sitios de importancia cultural o natural excepcional como herencia común de la humanidad.1 De los 31 sitios con este reconocimiento, 11 corresponden a bienes arqueológicos y dos casos más, son zonas arqueológicas que se encuentran dentro de polígonos más amplios, con categorías diferentes, estos son Templo Mayor, que se encuentra dentro del polígono Centro Histórico de México y Xochimilco; y la zona arqueológica de Guachimontones que forma parte del polígono declarado Paisaje Agaveo y antiguas instalaciones industriales de Tequila. Manejo de Zonas Arqueológicas de Patrimonio Mundial De acuerdo a lo que dicta la Ley Federal de Monumentos y Zonas Arqueológicas, en México la conservación, protección, investigación y difusión del patrimonio cultural, son tareas sustantivas que competen al INAH, no obstante al ser México país parte de la Convención de Patrimonio Mundial, la obligación de sumar esfuerzos para la preservación del patrimonio cultural es una obligación mayor, por lo que la Coordinación Nacional de Arqueología través de la Dirección de Operación de Sitios, ha realizado el presente análisis comparativo de cómo es el manejo de los bienes arqueológicos que cuentan con la denominación de Patrimonio Mundial, con la finalidad de establecer Políticas de Manejo que garanticen su conservación integral y sus valores excepcionales. El presente documento consta de una tabla general de todos los sitios de Patrimonio Mundial con la inscripción de bienes arqueológicos en México. 1 El patrimonio de México y su valor universal 2010. ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS INSCRITAS EN LA LISTA DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL Inventario General de Bienes Arqueológicas inscritos en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial. El análisis de la información se realizó por grupo de indicadores, los primeros corresponden al estatus de cada zona arqueológica y posteriormente se analizaron los de Protección, Investigación y Operación, respectivamente; cada uno ilustrado con un mapa. COORDINACIÓN NACIONAL DE ARQUEOLOGÍA INVENTARIO GENERAL DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS CON VISITA PÚBLICA DIRECCIÓN DE OPERACIÓN DE SITIOS Abiertas Oficialmente al Público Diagnósticos Protección Consevación Investigación Cédulas 2010 Diagnóstico CNA Poligonal Presidencial Decreto Propiedad INAH Propiedad Federal Registro de Cédula Proyecto Arqueológico Técnico Expediente Con pago Sin pago Terceros custodiaEn de 2010 Visitantes Diagnóstico DOS Ficha Manejo Entorno Ambiental Conservación Bienes Inmuebles Ficha Riesgos de Pinturas Rupestres Sierra X X X X X XX X X de San Francisco (B) X X X X X XX X X está integrada por las X X X X X XX X X siguientes cuevas: La X Pintada, Las Flechas, La X X X X XX X X X X X X X XX X X Música, Boca San Julio, Cuesta Palmerito, La X X X X X XX X X Soledad y El Ratón. X 2.078 X X X X XX X X Antigua Ciudad Maya Calakmul (A) X 22.741 X X X X X Ciudad Prehispánica y 399.618 Parque Nacional de X XXXXX X X^ X Zona Arqueológica Paquimé, Casas Grandes X 32.072 X X X X X X X^ Ciudad Prehispánica de Teotihuacán (AAA) X 1925100 XXXXX X X^ Zona de Monumentos Arqueológicos Xochicalco X 894.810 XXXXX X X Zona Arqueológica de Monte Albán (AAA) X 439.736 XXXX X X X^ Cuevas Prehistóricas de Yagul (B) X 16.044 XXXX X X X^ El Tajín, Ciudad Prehispánica (AAA) X 388.403 XXXX X X X^ Ciudad Prehispánica Chichén Itzá (AAA) X 1404324 XXXX X X Ciudad Precolombian Uxmal (AAA) X 202.991X X X X X X^ X ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS INSCRITAS EN LA LISTA DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL Estatus de zonas arqueológicas de Patrimonio Mundial En las 11 zonas arqueológicas se paga cuota de acceso; 7 de ellas son categoría AAA, la Zona Arqueológica de Paquimé, Casas Grandes esta clasificada en las AA, así como la Antigua Ciudad Maya de Calakmul corresponde al tipo A; las Pinturas Rupestres de la Sierra de San Francisco y las Cuevas Prehistóricas de Yagul se encuentran en la categoría B. Estatus Ciudad Precolombina de Uxmal (AAA) Ciudad Prehispánica de Chichén Itzá (AAA) El Tajín, Ciudad Prehispánica (AAA) Zona Arqueológica de Monte Albán (AAA) Zona de Monumentos Arqueológicos de Xochicalco (AAA) Ciudad Prehispánica de Teotihuacán (AAA) Ciudad Prehispánica y Parque Nacional de Palenque (AAA) Zona Arqueológica de Paquimé, Casas Grandes (AA) Antigua Ciudad Maya de Calakmul (A) Cuevas Prehistóricas de Yagul (B) Pinturas Rupestres de la Sierra de San Francisco (B) Ciudad Zona de Pinturas Zona Ciudad Antigua Prehispánica Monumentos Zona El Tajín, Ciudad Ciudad Rupestres de Cuevas Arqueológica Prehispánica Ciudad Maya y Parque Arqueológico Arqueológica Ciudad Prehispánica Precolombina la Sierra de Prehistóricas de Paquimé, de de Calakmul Nacional de s de de Monte Prehispánica de Chichén de Uxmal San Francisco de Yagul (B) Casas Teotihuacán (A) Palenque Xochicalco Albán (AAA) (AAA) Itzá (AAA) (AAA) (B) Grandes (AA) (AAA) (AAA) (AAA) Series1 11111111111 Es importante señalar que la categoría determina el costo que cada visitante debe pagar por el acceso a cada zona arqueológica, y está determinado por la Secretaría de Hacienda. ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS INSCRITAS EN LA LISTA DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL Número total de visitantes durante el año 2011 La siguiente gráfica muestra la cantidad de visitantes que ingresaron durante el 2011. De acuerdo a las estadísticas las Ciudades Prehispánicas de Teotihuacán y Chichen Itzá fueron las zonas más visitadas en toda la República Mexicana, y los sitios de Patrimonio Mundial menos visitados son las Cuevas Prehistóricas de Yagul con 2,078 y las Pinturas Rupestres de la Sierra de San Francisco 16.044 visitantes. Zona Arqueológica Visitantes 2011 Ciudad Prehispánica de 2’234,439 Teotihuacán Visitantes 2011 Ciudad Prehispánica de 1’373,075 2234439 Chichén Itzá Ciudad Prehispánica y Parque 521,053 1373075 Nacional de Palenque Zona Arqueológica de Monte 390831 424,144 211546 22990 Albán 424144 342466 28909 15888 1.676 El Tajín, Ciudad Prehispánica 390,831 521053 Zona de Monumentos 342,466 Prehispánicos de Xochicalco Ciudad Precolombina de 211,546 Uxmal (B) Teotihuacán Albán Chichén Itzá Chichén Calakmul (A) Calakmul Zona Arqueológica de Ciuda Prehispánica de Prehispánica Ciuda Antigua Ciuad Maya de Maya Ciuad Antigua 28,909 de Prehispánica Ciudad Sierra de San Francisco de San Sierra Zona de Monumentos de Zona Zona Arqueológica de Arqueológica Zona Paquimé, Casas Grandes Palenque de Nacional Pinturas Rupestres de la de Rupestres Pinturas Prehispánicos de de Xochicalco Prehispánicos El Tajín, Ciudad Ciudad Prehispánica Tajín, El Paquimé, Casas Grandes (AA) Grandes Casas Paquimé, Zona Arqueológica de de Monte Arqueológica Zona Cuevas Prehistóricas de de Yagul Prehistóricas Cuevas Antigua Ciudad Maya de y Parque Prehispánica Ciudad 22,990 de Uxmal Precolombina Ciudad Calakmul Cuevas Prehistóricas de Yagul 15,888 Pinturas Rupestres de la 1,676 Sierra de San Francisco ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS INSCRITAS EN LA LISTA DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL Indicadores de Protección Cédula de la Dirección de Registro Público de Monumentos y Zonas Arqueológicas Uno de los primeros elementos de protección de acuerdo al marco legal vigente, es la inscripción de sitios arqueológicos en el Registro Público de Monumentos y Zonas Arqueológicos, debido a que esta Cédula, es la que le concede certeza jurídica a la existencia del sitio arqueológico; en seguimiento a esta tarea se consultó el Catálogo Nacional de Bienes Arqueológicos, y se confirmó que las 11 zonas arqueológicas que cuentan con la nominación de Patrimonio Mundial están registradas. Sin embargo, en algunos casos es pertinente realizar la actualización de la información y del formato en el cual fueron registrados. Cédula de la Dirección de Registro Público de Monumentos y Zonas Arqueológicas Palenque Palenque Yagul Uxmal Calakmul Teotihuacán Xochicalco Prehispánica Monte Albán Monte Chichen Itzá Chichen El Tajín, Ciudad Ciudad El Tajín, Parque Nacional de de Nacional Parque Ciudad Prehispánica y Prehispánica Ciudad Arqueológicos de de Arqueológicos Zona Arqueológica de Arqueológica Zona Zona Arqueológica de de Arqueológica Zona Sierra de San Francisco San de Sierra Pinturas Rupestre de la la de Rupestre Pinturas Paquimé, Casas Grandes Paquimé, Antigua Ciudad Maya de de Maya Ciudad Antigua Ciudad Prehispánicas de de Prehispánicas Ciudad Zona de Monumentos Monumentos de Zona Cuevas Prehistóricas de de Prehistóricas Cuevas Ciudad Prehispánicas de de Prehispánicas Ciudad Ciudad Precolombina de de Precolombina Ciudad ASPECTOS DE MANEJO DE ZONAS ARQUEOLÓGICAS INSCRITAS EN LA LISTA DE PATRIMONIO MUNDIAL Indicadores de Protección Poligonal El levantamiento del polígono de protección de una zona arqueológica determina la extensión susceptible de ser protegida; es una etapa fundamental en el proceso legal de salvaguarda y en su declaratoria como Zona de Monumentos Arqueológicos.2 La información proporcionada por la Dirección de Registro Público de Monumentos y Zonas Arqueológicos e Históricos, indica que las 11 zonas arqueológicas inscritas en la Lista de Patrimonio Mundial tienen plano con poligonal delimitada. Sin embargo, es recomendable que los responsables del proyecto de investigación validen esta información porque en los casos de la Ciudad Precolombina de Uxmal y las Pinturas Rupestres de la Sierra de San Francisco, que aun no tienen decreto presidencial proponen que se modifique la poligonal.
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