Language, Communities & Mobility
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Talk Bank: a Multimodal Database of Communicative Interaction
Talk Bank: A Multimodal Database of Communicative Interaction 1. Overview The ongoing growth in computer power and connectivity has led to dramatic changes in the methodology of science and engineering. By stimulating fundamental theoretical discoveries in the analysis of semistructured data, we can to extend these methodological advances to the social and behavioral sciences. Specifically, we propose the construction of a major new tool for the social sciences, called TalkBank. The goal of TalkBank is the creation of a distributed, web- based data archiving system for transcribed video and audio data on communicative interactions. We will develop an XML-based annotation framework called Codon to serve as the formal specification for data in TalkBank. Tools will be created for the entry of new and existing data into the Codon format; transcriptions will be linked to speech and video; and there will be extensive support for collaborative commentary from competing perspectives. The TalkBank project will establish a framework that will facilitate the development of a distributed system of allied databases based on a common set of computational tools. Instead of attempting to impose a single uniform standard for coding and annotation, we will promote annotational pluralism within the framework of the abstraction layer provided by Codon. This representation will use labeled acyclic digraphs to support translation between the various annotation systems required for specific sub-disciplines. There will be no attempt to promote any single annotation scheme over others. Instead, by promoting comparison and translation between schemes, we will allow individual users to select the custom annotation scheme most appropriate for their purposes. -
Machine-Translation Inspired Reordering As Preprocessing for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis
Master in Cognitive Science and Language Master’s Thesis September 2018 Machine-translation inspired reordering as preprocessing for cross-lingual sentiment analysis Alejandro Ramírez Atrio Supervisor: Toni Badia Abstract In this thesis we study the effect of word reordering as preprocessing for Cross-Lingual Sentiment Analysis. We try different reorderings in two target languages (Spanish and Catalan) so that their word order more closely resembles the one from our source language (English). Our original expectation was that a Long Short Term Memory classifier trained on English data with bilingual word embeddings would internalize English word order, resulting in poor performance when tested on a target language with different word order. We hypothesized that the more the word order of any of our target languages resembles the one of our source language, the better the overall performance of our sentiment classifier would be when analyzing the target language. We tested five sets of transformation rules for our Part of Speech reorderings of Spanish and Catalan, extracted mainly from two sources: two papers by Crego and Mariño (2006a and 2006b) and our own empirical analysis of two corpora: CoStEP and Tatoeba. The results suggest that the bilingual word embeddings that we are training our Long Short Term Memory model with do not improve any English word order learning by part of the model when used cross-lingually. There is no improvement when reordering the Spanish and Catalan texts so that their word order more closely resembles English, and no significant drop in result score even when applying a random reordering to them making them almost unintelligible, neither when classifying between 2 options (positive-negative) nor between 4 (strongly positive, positive, negative, strongly negative). -
Collection of Usage Information for Language Resources from Academic Articles
Collection of Usage Information for Language Resources from Academic Articles Shunsuke Kozaway, Hitomi Tohyamayy, Kiyotaka Uchimotoyyy, Shigeki Matsubaray yGraduate School of Information Science, Nagoya University yyInformation Technology Center, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan yyyNational Institute of Information and Communications Technology 4-2-1 Nukui-Kitamachi, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8795, Japan fkozawa,[email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Recently, language resources (LRs) are becoming indispensable for linguistic researches. However, existing LRs are often not fully utilized because their variety of usage is not well known, indicating that their intrinsic value is not recognized very well either. Regarding this issue, lists of usage information might improve LR searches and lead to their efficient use. In this research, therefore, we collect a list of usage information for each LR from academic articles to promote the efficient utilization of LRs. This paper proposes to construct a text corpus annotated with usage information (UI corpus). In particular, we automatically extract sentences containing LR names from academic articles. Then, the extracted sentences are annotated with usage information by two annotators in a cascaded manner. We show that the UI corpus contributes to efficient LR searches by combining the UI corpus with a metadata database of LRs and comparing the number of LRs retrieved with and without the UI corpus. 1. Introduction Thesaurus1. In recent years, such language resources (LRs) as corpora • He also employed Roget’s Thesaurus in 100 words of and dictionaries are being widely used for research in the window to implement WSD. -
The Procedure of Lexico-Semantic Annotation of Składnica Treebank
The Procedure of Lexico-Semantic Annotation of Składnica Treebank Elzbieta˙ Hajnicz Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Ordona 21, 01-237 Warsaw, Poland [email protected] Abstract In this paper, the procedure of lexico-semantic annotation of Składnica Treebank using Polish WordNet is presented. Other semantically annotated corpora, in particular treebanks, are outlined first. Resources involved in annotation as well as a tool called Semantikon used for it are described. The main part of the paper is the analysis of the applied procedure. It consists of the basic and correction phases. During basic phase all nouns, verbs and adjectives are annotated with wordnet senses. The annotation is performed independently by two linguists. Multi-word units obtain special tags, synonyms and hypernyms are used for senses absent in Polish WordNet. Additionally, each sentence receives its general assessment. During the correction phase, conflicts are resolved by the linguist supervising the process. Finally, some statistics of the results of annotation are given, including inter-annotator agreement. The final resource is represented in XML files preserving the structure of Składnica. Keywords: treebanks, wordnets, semantic annotation, Polish 1. Introduction 2. Semantically Annotated Corpora It is widely acknowledged that linguistically annotated cor- Semantic annotation of text corpora seems to be the last pora play a crucial role in NLP. There is even a tendency phase in the process of corpus annotation, less popular than towards their ever-deeper annotation. In particular, seman- morphosyntactic and (shallow or deep) syntactic annota- tically annotated corpora become more and more popular tion. However, there exist semantically annotated subcor- as they have a number of applications in word sense disam- pora for many languages. -
Student Research Workshop Associated with RANLP 2011, Pages 1–8, Hissar, Bulgaria, 13 September 2011
RANLPStud 2011 Proceedings of the Student Research Workshop associated with The 8th International Conference on Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP 2011) 13 September, 2011 Hissar, Bulgaria STUDENT RESEARCH WORKSHOP ASSOCIATED WITH THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE RECENT ADVANCES IN NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING’2011 PROCEEDINGS Hissar, Bulgaria 13 September 2011 ISBN 978-954-452-016-8 Designed and Printed by INCOMA Ltd. Shoumen, BULGARIA ii Preface The Recent Advances in Natural Language Processing (RANLP) conference, already in its eight year and ranked among the most influential NLP conferences, has always been a meeting venue for scientists coming from all over the world. Since 2009, we decided to give arena to the younger and less experienced members of the NLP community to share their results with an international audience. For this reason, further to the first successful and highly competitive Student Research Workshop associated with the conference RANLP 2009, we are pleased to announce the second edition of the workshop which is held during the main RANLP 2011 conference days on 13 September 2011. The aim of the workshop is to provide an excellent opportunity for students at all levels (Bachelor, Master, and Ph.D.) to present their work in progress or completed projects to an international research audience and receive feedback from senior researchers. We have received 31 high quality submissions, among which 6 papers have been accepted as regular oral papers, and 18 as posters. Each submission has been reviewed by -
From CHILDES to Talkbank
From CHILDES to TalkBank Brian MacWhinney Carnegie Mellon University MacWhinney, B. (2001). New developments in CHILDES. In A. Do, L. Domínguez & A. Johansen (Eds.), BUCLD 25: Proceedings of the 25th annual Boston University Conference on Language Development (pp. 458-468). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla. a similar article appeared as: MacWhinney, B. (2001). From CHILDES to TalkBank. In M. Almgren, A. Barreña, M. Ezeizaberrena, I. Idiazabal & B. MacWhinney (Eds.), Research on Child Language Acquisition (pp. 17-34). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla. Recent years have seen a phenomenal growth in computer power and connectivity. The computer on the desktop of the average academic researcher now has the power of room-size supercomputers of the 1980s. Using the Internet, we can connect in seconds to the other side of the world and transfer huge amounts of text, programs, audio and video. Our computers are equipped with programs that allow us to view, link, and modify this material without even having to think about programming. Nearly all of the major journals are now available in electronic form and the very nature of journals and publication is undergoing radical change. These new trends have led to dramatic advances in the methodology of science and engineering. However, the social and behavioral sciences have not shared fully in these advances. In large part, this is because the data used in the social sciences are not well- structured patterns of DNA sequences or atomic collisions in super colliders. Much of our data is based on the messy, ill-structured behaviors of humans as they participate in social interactions. Categorizing and coding these behaviors is an enormous task in itself. -
The British National Corpus Revisited: Developing Parameters for Written BNC2014 Abi Hawtin (Lancaster University, UK)
The British National Corpus Revisited: Developing parameters for Written BNC2014 Abi Hawtin (Lancaster University, UK) 1. The British National Corpus 2014 project The ESRC Centre for Corpus Approaches to Social Science (CASS) at Lancaster University and Cambridge University Press are working together to create a new, publicly accessible corpus of contemporary British English. The corpus will be a successor to the British National Corpus, created in the early 1990s (BNC19941). The British National Corpus 2014 (BNC2014) will be of the same order of magnitude as BNC1994 (100 million words). It is currently projected that the corpus will reach completion in mid-2018. Creation of the spoken sub-section of BNC2014 is in its final stages; this paper focuses on the justification and development of the written sub- section of BNC2014. 2. Justification for BNC2014 There are now many web-crawled corpora of English, widely available to researchers, which contain far more data than will be included in Written BNC2014. For example, the English TenTen corpus (enTenTen) is a web-crawled corpus of Written English which currently contains approximately 19 billion words (Jakubíček et al., 2013). Web-crawling processes mean that this huge amount of data can be collected very quickly; Jakubíček et al. (2013: 125) note that “For a language where there is plenty of material available, we can gather, clean and de-duplicate a billion words a day.” So, with extremely large and quickly-created web-crawled corpora now becoming commonplace in corpus linguistics, the question might well be asked why a new, 100 million word corpus of Written British English is needed. -
Conference Abstracts
EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION Held under the Patronage of Ms Neelie Kroes, Vice-President of the European Commission, Digital Agenda Commissioner MAY 23-24-25, 2012 ISTANBUL LÜTFI KIRDAR CONVENTION & EXHIBITION CENTRE ISTANBUL, TURKEY CONFERENCE ABSTRACTS Editors: Nicoletta Calzolari (Conference Chair), Khalid Choukri, Thierry Declerck, Mehmet Uğur Doğan, Bente Maegaard, Joseph Mariani, Asuncion Moreno, Jan Odijk, Stelios Piperidis. Assistant Editors: Hélène Mazo, Sara Goggi, Olivier Hamon © ELRA – European Language Resources Association. All rights reserved. LREC 2012, EIGHTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LANGUAGE RESOURCES AND EVALUATION Title: LREC 2012 Conference Abstracts Distributed by: ELRA – European Language Resources Association 55-57, rue Brillat Savarin 75013 Paris France Tel.: +33 1 43 13 33 33 Fax: +33 1 43 13 33 30 www.elra.info and www.elda.org Email: [email protected] and [email protected] Copyright by the European Language Resources Association ISBN 978-2-9517408-7-7 EAN 9782951740877 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without the prior permission of the European Language Resources Association ii Introduction of the Conference Chair Nicoletta Calzolari I wish first to express to Ms Neelie Kroes, Vice-President of the European Commission, Digital agenda Commissioner, the gratitude of the Program Committee and of all LREC participants for her Distinguished Patronage of LREC 2012. Even if every time I feel we have reached the top, this 8th LREC is continuing the tradition of breaking previous records: this edition we received 1013 submissions and have accepted 697 papers, after reviewing by the impressive number of 715 colleagues. -
ALW2), Pages 1–10 Brussels, Belgium, October 31, 2018
EMNLP 2018 Second Workshop on Abusive Language Online Proceedings of the Workshop, co-located with EMNLP 2018 October 31, 2018 Brussels, Belgium Sponsors Primary Sponsor Platinum Sponsors Gold Sponsors Silver Sponsors Bronze Sponsors ii c 2018 The Association for Computational Linguistics Order copies of this and other ACL proceedings from: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL) 209 N. Eighth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 USA Tel: +1-570-476-8006 Fax: +1-570-476-0860 [email protected] ISBN 978-1-948087-68-1 iii Introduction Interaction amongst users on social networking platforms can enable constructive and insightful conversations and civic participation; however, on many sites that encourage user interaction, verbal abuse has become commonplace. Abusive behavior such as cyberbullying, hate speech, and scapegoating can poison the social climates within online communities. The last few years have seen a surge in such abusive online behavior, leaving governments, social media platforms, and individuals struggling to deal with the consequences. As a field that works directly with computational analysis of language, the NLP community is uniquely positioned to address the difficult problem of abusive language online; encouraging collaborative and innovate work in this area is the goal of this workshop. The first year of the workshop saw 14 papers presented in a day-long program including interdisciplinary panels and active discussion. In this second edition, we have aimed to build on the success of the first year, maintaining a focus on computationally detecting abusive language and encouraging interdisciplinary work. Reflecting the growing research focus on this topic, the number of submissions received more than doubled from 22 in last year’s edition of the workshop to 48 this year. -
FERSIWN GYMRAEG ISOD the National Corpus of Contemporary
FERSIWN GYMRAEG ISOD The National Corpus of Contemporary Welsh Project Report, October 2020 Authors: Dawn Knight1, Steve Morris2, Tess Fitzpatrick2, Paul Rayson3, Irena Spasić and Enlli Môn Thomas4. 1. Introduction 1.1. Purpose of this report This report provides an overview of the CorCenCC project and the online corpus resource that was developed as a result of work on the project. The report lays out the theoretical underpinnings of the research, demonstrating how the project has built on and extended this theory. We also raise and discuss some of the key operational questions that arose during the course of the project, outlining the ways in which they were answered, the impact of these decisions on the resource that has been produced and the longer-term contribution they will make to practices in corpus-building. Finally, we discuss some of the applications and the utility of the work, outlining the impact that CorCenCC is set to have on a range of different individuals and user groups. 1.2. Licence The CorCenCC corpus and associated software tools are licensed under Creative Commons CC-BY-SA v4 and thus are freely available for use by professional communities and individuals with an interest in language. Bespoke applications and instructions are provided for each tool (for links to all tools, refer to section 10 of this report). When reporting information derived by using the CorCenCC corpus data and/or tools, CorCenCC should be appropriately acknowledged (see 1.3). § To access the corpus visit: www.corcencc.org/explore § To access the GitHub site: https://github.com/CorCenCC o GitHub is a cloud-based service that enables developers to store, share and manage their code and datasets. -
The Translation Equivalents Database (Treq) As a Lexicographer’S Aid
The Translation Equivalents Database (Treq) as a Lexicographer’s Aid Michal Škrabal, Martin Vavřín Institute of the Czech National Corpus, Charles University, Czech Republic E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract The aim of this paper is to introduce a tool that has recently been developed at the Institute of the Czech National Corpus, the Treq (Translation Equivalents) database, and to explore its possible uses, especially in the field of lexicography. Equivalent candidates offered by Treq can also be considered as potential equivalents in a bilingual dictionary (we will focus on the Latvian–Czech combination in this paper). Lexicographers instantly receive a list of candidates for target language counterparts and their frequencies (expressed both in absolute numbers and percentages) that suggest the probability that a given candidate is functionally equivalent. A significant advantage is the possibility to click on any one of these candidates and immediately verify their individual occurrences in a given context; and thus more easily distinguish the relevant translation candidates from the misleading ones. This utility, which is based on data stored in the InterCorp parallel corpus, is continually being upgraded and enriched with new functions (the recent integration of multi-word units, adding English as the primary language of the dictionaries, an improved interface, etc.), and the accuracy of the results is growing as the volume of data keeps increasing. Keywords: InterCorp; Treq; translation equivalents; alignment; Latvian–Czech dictionary 1. Introduction The aim of this paper is to introduce one of the tools that has been developed recently at the Institute of the Czech National Corpus (ICNC) and which could be especially helpful to lexicographers: namely, the Treq translation equivalents database1. -
Distributional Properties of Verbs in Syntactic Patterns Liam Considine
Early Linguistic Interactions: Distributional Properties of Verbs in Syntactic Patterns Liam Considine The University of Michigan Department of Linguistics April 2012 Advisor: Nick Ellis Acknowledgements: I extend my sincerest gratitude to Nick Ellis for agreeing to undertake this project with me. Thank you for cultivating, and partaking in, some of the most enriching experiences of my undergraduate education. The extensive time and energy you invested here has been invaluable to me. Your consistent support and amicable demeanor were truly vital to this learning process. I want to thank my second reader Ezra Keshet for consenting to evaluate this body of work. Other thanks go out to Sarah Garvey for helping with precision checking, and Jerry Orlowski for his R code. I am also indebted to Mary Smith and Amanda Graveline for their participation in our weekly meetings. Their presence gave audience to the many intermediate challenges I faced during this project. I also need to thank my roommate Sean and all my other friends for helping me balance this great deal of work with a healthy serving of fun and optimism. Abstract: This study explores the statistical distribution of verb type-tokens in verb-argument constructions (VACs). The corpus under investigation is made up of longitudinal child language data from the CHILDES database (MacWhinney 2000). We search a selection of verb patterns identified by the COBUILD pattern grammar project (Francis, Hunston, Manning 1996), these include a number of verb locative constructions (e.g. V in N, V up N, V around N), verb object locative caused-motion constructions (e.g.