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The Annual Net Primary Production and Decomposition of the Salt Marsh Grass, Spartina Alterniflora, Loisel. in the Barataria Bay Estuary of Louisiana

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The Annual Net Primary Production and Decomposition of the Salt Marsh Grass, Spartina Alterniflora, Loisel. in the Barataria Bay Estuary of Louisiana Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1971 The Annual Net Primary Production and Decomposition of the Salt Marsh Grass, Spartina Alterniflora, Loisel. In the Barataria Bay Estuary of Louisiana. Conrad Joseph Kirby Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Kirby, Conrad Joseph Jr, "The Annual Net Primary Production and Decomposition of the Salt Marsh Grass, Spartina Alterniflora, Loisel. In the Barataria Bay Estuary of Louisiana." (1971). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2139. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2139 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This dissertation was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 A Xerox Education Company > I; l 72-17,777 KIRBY, Jr., Conrad Joseph, 1941- THE ANNUAL NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND DECOMPOSITION • OF THE SALT MARSH GRASS Spartina alterniflora Loisel. IN THE BARATARIA BAY ESTUARY OF LOUISIANA. The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1971 Botany University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED THE ANNUAL NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION AND DECOMPOSITION OF THE SALT MARSH GRASS Spartlna alternlflora Loisel. IN THE BARATARIA BAY ESTUARY OF LOUISIANA A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Botany by Conrad J. Kirby, Jr. B.S., University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1964 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1967 December, 1971 PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The author wishes to express his appreciation and gratitude to Dr. James G. Gosselink whose inspiration and guidance made this paper possible. His sincere appreciation is extended to Dr. William G. Smith for his suggestions and advice on the study. Thanks are also extended to Drs. Bert Wilkins, Jr., John Baker, and Charles Schexnayder for their constructive criticism. The author owes a particular debt of gratitude to Mr. Richard Condrey for his suggestions and criticism of certain aspects of the research. Appreciation is extended to Mr. Donald Schlatre for his help with computer calculations, and to Mr. Wilmer Stowe and all others who were instrumental in sampling assistance. The author wishes to express his sincere thanks for financial assistance given by the Louisiana State University Sea Grant Program which is maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of the U. S. Department of Commerce. To his wife, Wanda, the author expresses his profound gratitude for her constant encouragement and understanding in the past several years. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS................................................ ii LIST OF TABLES.................................................. v LIST OF F I G U R E S ................................................ vi ABSTRACT......................................................... viii INTRODUCTION..................................................... 1 Description of the Study Ar e a ................................ I The Net Production and decomposition of Spartina............. 2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE.............. 5 I. METHODS OF MEASUREMENT OF PRIMARY PRODUCTION............. 5 A. Aboveground Production............................... 5 1. Gas Exchange Method ............................. 5 a. Single Leaf Approach......................... 5 b. Whole Canopy Approach ....................... 6 c. Open Field Approach ......................... 6 2. Harvest Methods .................................. 6 a. Wiegert-Evans Method......................... 7 b. Polish Modification of Wiegert-Evans Method...................................... 7 B. Belowground Production................................ 9 II. PRIMARY NET PRODUCTION OF SALT MARSHES................... 10 III. ORGANIC DETRITUS.......................................... 13 A. Decomposition and Nutritive Value ................... 14 MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................................... 17 A. Primary Production........................................ 17 B. Litterbag Loss............................................. 19 C. Spartina Decomposition..................................... 19 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION.......................................... 22 1. Standing C r o p ............................................. 22 2. Net Production............................................. 24 3. Litterbag Loss............................................. 29 iii Page 4. True Net Production...................................... 30 5. Caloric Values............................................. 42 6. Percent Distribution of Marsh Area........................ 43 7. Spartina Detritus Decomposition ......................... 44 A. Detritus Decomposition at 30 C ........................ 45 1. Respiration and Ash-free Dry We i g h t .............. 46 2. Carbon and N i t r o g e n .............................. 46 3. Microbial Conversion of Spartina................. 50 4. Photographs...................................... 53 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS........................................ 58 LITERATURE CITED................................................ 65 APPENDIX......................................................... 69 VITA............................................................. 74 iv LIST OF TABLES Page Calculation of net primary production of streamside marsh according to monthly changes in standing crop, (grams dry weight) ...................................... 27 Net primary production of inland marsh calculated according to monthly changes in standing crop. (grams dry weight) ...................................... 28 Monthly instantaneous loss rate calculated from litterbag loss as proportion of mass at beginning of month, (gram lost/gram/month)....................... 37 Comparison of net primary production in grams/m^ of change in live and dead standing crop and true net production .............................................. 41 The annual net primary production in kilocalories per square meter calculated according to changes in live and dead standing crop and true net production. 42 The percent distribution of the watershed area surrounding the Airplane Lake marsh as computed from grid points ........................................ 43 Calculations of net primary production on a whole marsh basis, according to changes in live and dead standing crop and true net production................... 44 Respiration rates of four size fractions of Spartina expressed as milligrams oxygen consummed per gram ash-free dry weight per hour. (30C) ................... 47 Ash-free dry weight of Spartina incubated at 30C (mg/5ml) ................................................ 47 Oxidizable carbon of four size fractions of Spartina expressed in percent of dry weight. (incubation at 3 0 C ) .................................................... 49 Organic nitrogen of four size fractions expressed in percent of dry weight. (incubation at 30C)............. 49 v LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE Page 1. Location map of the southern Barataria Bay estuary indicating the sample
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