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Association MAR 12h? ’ Pr iso n Ship Ma rty rs Mo n u m e nt

14th 1908 N ovember ,

DEDI CATO RY C EREMONI ES

The Ceremon ies attendi ng the dedicat ion of the Monument a i n Fort Greene Park , erected to the memory of the thous nds who perished on the fou l prison sh i ps anchored i n Wallabou t R r of Bay during the evol utiona y War , were made the charge the fol lowi ng Commi ttee ; General H oratio C . K ing , Chai rman ,

8. . H on . Charles E . H ughes , Governor of N ew York , H on . V

Wh i te , Presiden t of the Prison Shi p Martyrs Monument Associa of Old tion , H on . Stephen M . Griswold , Society Brooklyn i tes , and John B . Creighton , Secretary .

OR D ER O F C E R E MON I ES .

T 23 rd R . . Music by egi ment Band , . F . Shannon , Leader .

Closi ng wi th the Star Spangled Banner , al l standi ng . a a a D D Rev . . . Pr yer S Parkes C dm n , . a Poem Thom s Walsh .

O . H n. a ration o Wi l l i m H Taft . Presentation of Monumen t on Behalf of the N ational o Government by the Secretary f War ,

n . . H o . Luke E Wri ght e of Acceptanc on Behalf the State by the Governor ,

H on . Charles E . H ughes . Acceptance on Behalf of the Ci ty by the Chai rman of

McGowan. the Board of A ldermen . . H on . Patrick F . Address on Beh alf of the Tammany Society or Col um O n a . . a . Cohala bian rder H on . D n iel F , Grand S chem r Closi ng P ayer and Benedict ion , r D D Rev . J ohn L . Belfo d , . . of War Tri bute , Sal ute and Taps , U n ion Prisoners , N ew

York Associ at ion . 4 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT

The day was most unpropi t ious . A threaten ing storm wi th a cold easterly wi nd cu l m i nated at the hou r for the l i terary exer was c ises i n sleet and snow . The parade most stri ki ng , bu t

much marred by the u nfriendl y elements . A descri pt ion wi l l

be found at the close of th is account . Abou t two thousand spectators were congregated i n the Grand Stand and i t i s esti mated that forty thousand more braved the Ol elements to wi tness the i nteresti ng ceremon ies . The d Brook l nites a y , who have long been i nterested i n the Memori l , seeki ng to ccu through Congress secure the necessary appropriat ion , o a pied conspicuous place , and nearby were the members of the R Martyrs Monu men t Society , the Daughters of the evol ut ion , of R and the Daughters the American evol ut ion , Li ttle Men ’ 6 z of 7 . Women , and other patriot ic organ i at ions The Tammany a Society , wh ich was the first body to make practical effort i n the col lect ion of the exposed bones i n Wallabou t Bay and pl ace in 1808 a on was re re them , , i n wooden tomb H udson Street , p

sented by several Grand Sachems , who wi th over two h u ndred

members paraded . Among the u n ique featu res was a banner in 1808 carried the procession i n by the Tammany Society ,

wh ich was presented to the Mon ument Society by Mrs . H enry lt : of . . Young , R i verhead , N J bears th is i nscri ption Mor 1 1 50 tals Avaunt . Spi ri ts of the Martyred Braves approach

of of . the tomb of H onor , G lory , Vi rtuous Patriots of The Veteran Corps of Arti l lery of the State New York , i n o the picturesque u n iform f a century ago , did guard duty at the on 1 3 1808 Mon ument . Th is organ ization paraded Apri l , , at of - on the l ayi ng the corner stone of the tomb H udson Street ,

long si nce decayed , and removed when the bones were transferred

to the tomb at the en trance of Fort Greene Park .

After several musi cal select ions , endi ng wi th the Star Span ’ - gled Banner , adm i rabl y rendered by Shannon s Twenty th ird R e of egi m nt Band , the H on . Stephen V . Wh i te , President the

Monu ment Associat ion , cal led the audience to order , and after briefly descri bi ng the movements wh ich led u p to the comple

t ion of the Monument , presented the Chaplai n of the day , who

made the i nvocat ion .

D . D . Rev . . The prayer by the S Parkes 'Cadman , , Pastor of was the Central Congregat ional Church , a most eloquent appeal , of : unfortunatel y not reported , bu t wh ich the Eagle said I t PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 5 was strangely i mpressive to hear the Engl ish born and Engl ish bred clergyman p ray eloquentl y and fervently on the subject of the Martyrs who had perished i n B ri tish sh i ps th rough B ri tish r neglect and c uel ty .

of Mr . Wh i te I now have the great pleasure present i ng Mr r our own r to you . Thomas Walsh , a talented esident of Bo o , as the Poet of the occasion .

POEM.

E T s . By homas Walsh , q

'

T H E P R l S O N S H I P S .

N ot h ere t he f renzi ed onslaught— h ere no roar Of victo ry— no raucous cry of hat e From t he red su rge of w ar;

’ H ere c rowd no Caesar s my rmidons of stat e Lest for som e hasty -fadi ng lau rels he be lat e And night annu l his place ; But sol emn is t he t read of feet that com e A rou nd this hal low ed mou nt— with d ru m Conco rdant— wi th t he clarion Of youthfu l h earts that th rob for d eeds subli m e ’ H ere wh ere no stai n can e er defac e T e e P r e his colu mn d b auty out of a th non , r r This glo y su gi ng pu re b eyond t he clouds of Ti m e .

H ere ou r fort ress hi l l ’ ere ree er r e r Wh F dom s gath i ng vangua ds took th i stand , O re re I— ere e e la sac d l ics how s n y y, How pati ent for this d ay Whose ri t es we now f u lfi lll Thousands of dusks and dawns have t re mbl ed on Th ese po rtals of you r tomb ; Ye e r t he re r e h a d t ad of disco d shak this land , The t ru mp eti ngs of doom ;

’ Yea r r ee e e t he r cr , th ough you sl p y kn w o phan s y, ’ The r e e r far r b ok n h a ts clamo i ng , And t he pal e h ero es pl ucki ng d eathl ess wreaths ’ ' F rom fi elds o ershad ow ed by t he buzzard s wi ng ' O re h , i n what di fu l school L earn ed ye t he i ron rigo r of t he mi nd You r m emo ry b equ eaths? Was i t i n plagu e and fami n e ye did fi nd ’ PRI SON SHIP MARTYRS MONU MENT

S uch right di vi n e to ru l e Such h opes i n God and man— that doubl e stay Of comm onw ealths to -d ay? For ere t he r for all e h , sponso s ag s , Ye gave as sol em n gages Not blood alon e But very fl esh and bon e l Nor e e e for t he r and r e pl dg d y only st ong b av , But for t he g en erations yet u nbo rn e er r re e ree t he mom By v y st and mot that g ts , For t he pal e despot shackl ed to his th ron e

As for t he serf and slave. O r re er t he stal wo th d am s i n dust , ' T G od who oo r e r r hat t k you you ng h a ts t ust , o r t he e r r e Y u pangs , issu of you pat iots caus , Sti l l sways t he stars and sou ls of men ’ Wi th t h anci ent s eals and laws ; Nor did H e tu rn and mock you r anguish wh en Ye c ri ed H is passwo rd th rough et ernity

A nd di ed i n fetters so ye might be f ree. 0 marty rdom of hope l — to lie I n youth and st rength— and d ie

’ Mid rotti ng hul ks that o nce by every sea A nd star swu ng carel essly ’ T d ie e e r e o b cal m d i n wa s black h l l , ’ Wh ere i n t he n oon s wid e blaz e you r h earts could soar With gu l l and eagl e by each ch erish ed sho re Of hom e— wh ere ye had swo rn to dwel l

The fath ers of t he f ree. Doom li ke to this t he Lydian victi m bo re — Who cl utch ed at feasts divi ne only to starve the mo re . Wel l might t he bl u e ski es and t he b reeze

’ e er e e e o er Which onc p chanc sw pt D l phi , Wel l might t he star-ey es qu estion : What are th ese ’ H eaped holocausts on Freedom s sh ri n e? N ot even t he du l lard ox u nto ou r altars led ' O e re ere r f old , but wal k d mid v nt th ong Anoi nt and garland ed ' What rit e of hat e or sco rn of law divi n e St ri k es down i ts victi ms h ere With not a fu n eral song Nor poo r li bation of a t ear? ’ ’ T -d a e er — e t he e r r o y giv answ y , who mi d battl s oa ' e t he r re a r e Hav known aptu of pat iot s d ath , ’ Ye e ee t he re e re o er , who hav s n au ol t mbl i ng ' r r as e at e re You b ows anguish cl utch d Lif s fond b ath , Bl essed and radiant now l —look down I n consec rati on of t he sol em n deed ’ PRI SON SH I P MARTYRS MONU MENT

Which h ere comm emorates this i ron b reed Of martyrs nam el ess in the clay As the t ru e h ero es of our n ewer d ay Wo rld h eroes— patt ern ed not on ki ng and d emi -god Of chariot ed spl endor or Of c rown - r — n er h Blood c usted but o toi l s i n t e sod , O re er of t he sea on o er n ap s , l v s of manki nd , Wh ose b ruised shou lders b ear The l u mberi ng wai n of prog ress— all who share The c rust and sorrows of ou r mo rtal lot Lamps of t he sou l The Ch rist hath l eft behi nd h e H re To light t e path wh er on e falt e d not .

Yea t he Of , now boom gu ns , The r e e ro t he r ' sca l t bugl s , fai nt f m off wo ld ’ o er t he er r man r e Lo , lofti b ows of , u nfu l d The pu rer bann ers of t he dawni ng su ns ' Bann ers of God i n godli ke mi nds -of hope O t he r r e ree f fai th , to dau nt c afty ho d s of g d , ’ The venom ed rem nant Of the d ragon s seed Along t he gutt ers of t he world 'No mo re men g rop e ’ U p l ife s black chasms— bu t f ree th ey swi ng along ’ ’ Th ei r spacious l evels i n t he noon s fu l l fl ow r

And st ri ke to earth t he barricades of w rong .

Th ey have to rn down t he tyrants of an hou r. Thi n k not that th ey shall h ear t he d eeps of sham e ' Foredoom th e m li kewise with t he d espot s nam e ; Nor r e e ou r e dou bt this glo ious v ss l of stat , T e r ere in r r re his vision d ba k , wh of ma ty d ams ’ r e r e t he r e F om d ath s g i m hul ks th y caught halya d gl ams , N e can e e nor t he r e o f ud s iz i t , g i p of hat Tu rn back its p row i nto t he sl i m e For sco rn to overwh el m With nam e so cu rsed on t he li ps of Ti m e ' ' As prison shi p for men who wou ld be f ree '

T w as er e H igh God , hy hand on anoth h l m Wh en every tid e and b reez e B rought t he hope-li ght ed argosi es From out t he po rts of hu nger and of wrong ' And thou alon e hast nu mber kept Of that i ndomi tabl e th rong Who e r r r gai n d this ha bo po tal , From ou t th ei r house of bondage crept t he r t he t he e And sought no th , south , w st , A rmi es of th rift and fai th with h earts that bl essed Th ese g raves i m mo rtal ' To -d ay from far th ei r Freedom - lighted brows D ’ C PRISON SHI P MARTYRS MONU MENT

Tu rn hi th er musi ng on th ei r happy p rows That met t he t id es of sac red wat ers h ere e a r re e r And touch d l ust al sho whos sh i n es u nto t he up rear. e O r r r And y , sai lo s fa i ng buoyant fo th , B ear ye t he tidi ngs of this j oy-swept mai n Wh ere rou nd t he coasts of Celt or Dan e Ye b rave t he sl eet - mouth ed no rth O r t rack t he moon o n som e Sici l ian wave O r lon ely cape of Spai n; Take ye t he sto ry of th ese com rades t ru e Whose p rison hu l ks san k h ere Wh ere now such tides of men are pou red ' As n ever su rged o er c rag or fiord To stay t he gu l ls wi th fear Who yet such qu est of glo ry knew As n ever A rgonaut of old Seeki ng t he sho res of gold As n ever knight f rom wou nd and vigi l pal e ' Traci ng o er subset wo rlds his H oly G rai l '

A nd lo l — to all t he seas a pharos set I n sign m emo rial 'Th rough t he gloom of Ti m e ' T e a r fi e e e wi l l t ach sac i c of s lf , subl i m ' O er lash of sto rms as th rough co rrodi ng cal ms ’ Nor e er alon e shal l shi n e lts love- b right parap et ; Bu t every star shal l b ri ng a golden al ms ; The seethi ng harbo r l i n e ’ e r- fed e and fl re Glow n ath i ts sta hi v s , i ts swi ng a Of B ridges ;— whi l e wi th pi lg ri m lamps f rom sea Shal l g rope the d readnought fleets ;— whi l e endl ess p ray er Of dawns and su nset floods the faces far U e e r- e i r r r e plift d , t a stai n d to th s Ma ty sh i n , Whose sist er to rch shal l g reet what Li berty — ~ ’ e r r e eri r. Holds back to God , a th s b ight st answ ng sta

of After musi c Mr . Wh i te , i n i ntroduci ng the President the to U n i ted States , referred i n fel ici tous terms h is great popu lari ty and thanked h i m for honori ng this sign ificant event wi th h is

presence . The fal l i ng snow and sleet suggested the precaution ’ of not his the Speaker s removi ng hat , a suggest ion endorsed by

many voices and wisely adopted . ’ PRISON SHIP MARTYRS MONU MENT 9

OR ATI ON

O N I I T T BY H , W LL AM H , A F ,

P resid ent of t he U nit ed Stat es .

Lad ies and Gentlemen

’ — We are met to day to pay a nation s debt , long si nce recog n zed i . , but most tardi l y provided for The Mon ument wh ich we dedicate commemorates the sac rifice for thei r country of the l ives of u pward or Americans , who were hurried , more 125 a o for in than years g , i nto what seemed years to be an glorious Obl i vion . They died because of the cruel ty Of thei r of i mmediate custodians , and the neglect those who h igher i n r authori ty were responsi ble for thei detent ion . They were r the prisoners of K i ng Geo ge the Th i rd , captured i n the war of r the Revol ution . Ci cumstances combi ned to make thei r fate harsh , cruel and sordid . Thei r identi ty and personal i ty have not been preserved , and we who assemble i n gratefu l recol lect ion ' of thei r self- sacrifi ce are compel led to refer to them as the uh known dead .

The si gn ificance of th is ci rcumstance i n i tself is great , for i t showed the lack of system and carelessness that attended the custody Of the prisoners , and an i ndi fference to thei r names and fate harmon izi ng completely wi th thei r physical treatment . f We on ly know of the i nnumerable bu rials under i nsu fic ient soi l , on the shores of Long I sland where now is the Brooklyn N avy

Yard , and our esti mate of is a mere esti mate .

The ch ief prison sh i p was the J ersey . There were other old hu l ks used as prison sh i ps before the J ersey , notabl y the Whi tby ' and H ope . There were sh i ps cal led hospital sh i ps , wh ich were su pposed to Offer a refuge for the sick of the regu lar prison sh i ps . of I n al l them , however , there were the neglect and cruel ty that led to a l arge percentage of deaths among the prisoners ; b u t the detai ls i n respect to them can be gathered on l y from fugi tive o f f . letters the victi ms , and not from O fici al sources The Bri t ish commanders general ly den ied the al legations made on behalf

of the American prisoners from ti me to ti me , and wi th the close of the war , and the absence of any comprehensi ve i nvesti gation ou t and report i n respect to them , we are l eft to piece the evi dence as best we may and to explai n the shocking percentage 10 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS , MONU MENT

of the dead th at were gathered each d ay and given a hasty and

i nsufficient bu ri al . We have more i nformation i n respect to the J ersey hu l k th an n i n regard to a y other , and enough to confirm i n the strongest way the outrageous and i ndefensi ble cruel ty wi th wh ich the a a o Americ n prisoners were tre ted , resu l ti ng i n the death f a of a is as large proportion them , death wh ich the more horri ble i t proceeded from l i ngeri ng disease and from the pai nfu l and u n a so successfu l struggle ag i nst condi tions and envi ronmen t , fri ghtfu l and distressi ng as to m ake the fate of the prisoners far a a a worse th n if , fter thei r c pture , they had been shot down a or on regu l rl y i n fi les , stru ng u p the yard arm as vicious male

factors . I do not wish to be u nderstood as chargi ng that these con d it ions were due to the premedi tat ion of the Engl ish Com a - in- or set of a a m nders ch ief , to the purpose nyone i n uthori ty havi ng to do wi th the fate of the u nfortun ate men whose bravery a and self sacrifice th is Monu ment records . Such ch arge wou ld

make the Bri tish commanders hu man monsters . The condi o t f no . ti ons were the resu l t neglect , desi gn Let us review shortly the h istory of the prisoners on board the hu l ks of the Jersey and others i n order to u nderstand how resu l ts so revol ti ng of to every i nsti nct h u man n ature cou ld have come about .

The c i ty of N ew York , partl y by reason of i ts geograph ical si tuat ion and i n part because of i ts i mportance as a center of a a of pol i tical and commerci l aff i rs , became the headquarters the nd a Bri tish m i l i tary command a admi n istr tion i n America , even before the Bri t ish troops were wi thdrawn from the vici n i ty of o of Re Boston , and s conti nued duri ng the enti re period the volutionar a y War . I ts i mportance from m i l i tary poi nt of view a for wi l l be better u nderstood , perhaps , when I s y that , save the operat ions at Boston , Saratoga , and the campai gns i n the of Carol i nas and Vi rgi n i a , wh i ch were term i nated i n the S iege

Yorktown , the most i mportant campaign and operations of the Revol ution took pl ace wi th i n one hu nd red m i les of the c i ty of of oc N ew York . Some these i mportant and decisi ve events curred al most wi th i n the shadow of the Monument wh ich we

- to day ded icate to the memory of the martyred dead . N ot on l y was th is metropol i tan ci ty the center of B ri t ish

command and admi n istration , bu t other i mportant m i l i tary PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT 1 1

activi ties found here an appropriate field of action . As there were bu t few places i n the States then composi ng the federat ion fi i n wh ich a rm m i l i tary occu pation had been establ ished , and o war a on a and sea where prisoners f c ptu red l nd , from Boston ro to the Carol i nas , were sen t to New York , where , u nder the p a tect ion of a powerfu l fleet , they cou ld be s fel y and securely ma a concen held . And to th is fact y be di rectl y ttri buted the trat ion of such l arge numbers of prisoners of war at a si ngl e and a poi nt , , i ndi rectly , the needless sufferi ng they were c l led u pon to u ndergo . I n the treatment of the prisoners taken from the Ameri can forces by the Bri tish , the Bri tish commanders found themselves a much embarrassed . Techn ic l l y and actual ly , every prisoner w of for a a taken as gu i l ty treason , and l iable to prosecution c pi t l w s offence i n the courts of the land . The Bri tish government a as qu i te i ndisposed , was natural , to recogn ize the bel l igerency of the American forces or to treat those who were captu red as of prisoners of war . They were afraid commi tti ng themsel ves i n some way to a recogn i tion of the existence of a war as between wo a t i ndependent powers , and yet they were l oth to tre t al l a prisoners c ptured as pun ishable by death . The detention of prisoners wi thout proceedi ngs agai nst them for treason i n the regu l ar courts made i t possi ble for friends of a for the prisoners to pply wri ts of habeas corpus , and thus em ffi barrass the commandi ng o cers . Accordi ngl y , Lord North , ’ P of George the Th i rd s ri me M i n ister , secured the passage an act of Parl iament whereby i n the suppression of the rebel l ion of h is ’ a M jesty s subjects i n America , persons i n arms might be detai ned wi thou t an exam in ation i nto the legal i ty of thei r detention of n under the process the wri t of habeas corpus , a d i n th is way there was establ ished a quasi status of prisoners of war as between the Bri tish forces and the American forces . I ndeed , the status had been recogn ized before the passage of the act by the per sonal arrangement between the commandi ng officers of the op

posi ng forces . There was nothi ng in the pecu l iar relat ions between a govern ment and the forces Of i ts rebel l ious su bjects therefore wh ich shou ld have differentiated the treatment of the capti ves i n such a way from that wh ich ought to obtai n u nder the ru les of i nter

national l aw i n the case of war between i ndependent nations . 12 PRISON S HIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT

The same embarrassi ng q uestions arose i n our own Civi l War , and were sol ved i n much the same way . H owever loth we were to recogn ize the confederation i nternational ly as an i ndependent of of power , the extent the rebel l ion , wh ich made i t one the great

’ est a for w rs of modern t i mes , requ i red h uman i ty s sake that al l the ru les appl icable to the conduct of war between two ind epen dent n ations shou ld be observed i n the war of the Rebel l ion ; and i t is not too much to say th at i n the war of the Rebel l ion there was substanti al l y the same rel ations as between Great

Bri tai n and the forces of the Conti nental Congress . The lot Of a prisoner Of war at al l ti mes and u nder al l ci r cumstances nd i s one of constant a i nevi table hardsh i p . I n

ancient ti mes the prisoner of war became the sl ave of h is captor . R his z The captu red oman forfei ted ci ti ensh i p , wh ich was bu t o a partl y revi ved by the even t f rec pture . I n the middle ages , of and , i ndeed , down to the advent N apoleon , death was per h aps the least of the horrors wh ich were associ ated wi th the o status of prisoners f war . Separated from h is fami ly and o friends , depri ved by the exi gency f captu re of the compan ion of - sh i p ten t mates and comrades , su rrounded not on l y by strang ers bu t by enem ies , a capti ve wi thou t ri ghts wh ich h is captor was of bound to respect , i t is i mpossi b le to concei ve a more hope

- less , distressi ng and heart breaki ng si tu ation . of of I n relati vel y recent ti mes , the lot the prisoner war has been a nd made the subject of amel ioration , i n cartels , tre ties a con ventions wh ich define the ri ghts of the captured and the duties of of the captor . The personal safety of the prisoner war i s secured , h is personal belongi ngs and possessions are protected from captu re and spol iation and offences agai nst h i m are ri gor ousl of restraint to y pun ished . The measures wh ich a captor may resort for the detention Of prisoners cannot now take the of character pun i ti ve i mprison men t . I t must be a source of gratification to al l of us to learn the provisions of The H ague conventi on wi th reference to the rights of prisoners of war as they are now understood by al l the si gna to see of tory powers to that convention , and that i t i s the duty the captu ri ng forces to make as ample provision for the prisoners of war as for thei r own men . A sti l l more emphatic evidence of r the p ogress that is made , and an earnest of what we may expect of of hereafter , i s to be found i n the treatment prisoners war i n

’ 14 PRISON SHIP MARTYR S MONU MENT

one of , they were not subj ected to the cruel ties the prison sh i ps . Men who were detai ned on the prison sh i ps were general ly those who had been captured by Bri t ish vessels of war from the decks of a American pri v teersmen . There were a great m any Bri t ish sai lors captured by Ameri a and a can priv teersmen , had these c pti ves been turned over to

the Congressional Government for detention , they wou ld h ave consti tuted a source from wh ich exch anges mi ght have been regu l arly effected and the men detai ned on the prison sh i ps

have been thus set at l i berty . Bu t the American privateersmen

took no pai ns i n th is matter . They were frequentl y successfu l i n i nduci ng thei r Bri tish prisoners to ' engage themsel ves as s or American sai lors i n new pri vateeri ng enterpri es , , if not , they took no care to tu rn them over to the regu l ar comm issary of

prisoners and al lowed them to go . The American Navy proper was not large or extensive enough to capture prisoners to be so a exchanged i n any nu mber , the i nm tes of the prison shi ps had a l i ttle Opportun i ty for Obtai n i ng l i berty through exch nge . I pause here to al l ude to a charge m ade by the Bri tish agai nst Wash i ngton and the American au thori ties i n order to rel ieve themsel ves from the responsi bi l i ty for the awfu l loss of l ife sa as occu rri ng i n thei r prison hu l ks . They y, is true , that the Brit ish authori ties offered to exchange the pri soners detained i n the prison hu l ks for Bri tish soldiers held by the American forces was i n American prisons and that th is Offer was decl i ned . I t decl i ned by Wash i ngton , first on the ground that he had no a on an au thori ty over naval prisoners . L ter i t appears such exchange m ight have been made by Wash i ngton had he desi red so he f to do , bu t h i s posi t ion eviden tly was that cou ld not a ford , o i n the i n terests f the cause for wh ich he was fighti ng , to a id the Bri tish by gi vi ng back to them seasoned soldiers of the l i ne to rei nforce thei r army i n Ameri ca i n exchange for men who had at all never had experience as soldiers , and who were noth i ng but the sai lors Of pri vateersmen . I t is true that by so doi ng he wou ld have been enabled to save the su fferi ngs of h is own countrymen who were detai ned i n the prison hu l ks , and th is shows clearly that the ri ghts of those , to whose memory we here recal l wi th grati tude , were sacrificed meet the exigencies of the country i n the cri tical hou r of her ’ bi rth . Bu t i t was a balanci ng of Wash i ngton s obl igations , and PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT 15 he fel t i t to be the hig herZId u ty to mai ntai n th at course wh ich wou ld weaken the enemy and u lti mately drive h i m to peace , than to rel ieve the sufferi ngs of those of h is unfortunate country men , however terri bly detai ned upon prison hu l ks . a We must j ustify W sh i ngton i n this concl usion , j ust exactly as we must j ustify Grant i n refusi ng the exchange at a ti me i n 1 64 of August , 8 , when the sufferi ngs Andersonvi l le were held a u p before h i m as reason for maki ng such an exchange . Bu t was of i t a cri tical moment i n the h istory the war , and he knew better than anyone else cou ld how much of strength he was wi th holdi ng from the rebel army by refusi ng to give back to them the men who wou ld fi l l u p thei r ranks from northern prisons . a Wh t shou ld be emphasized , however , is that the refusal of Washi ngton and the American authori ties to make the exch ange proposed was not the sl i ghtest j ustification for the neglect and cruel ty wi th wh ich the prisoners of war upon the prison h u l ks ’ a were tre ted , and that Wash i ngton s mere fai l ure to act and to accept the proposal of the Bri tish made i n thei r own i nterest and for the betterment of thei r army was not the sl i ghtest excuse for thei r fai l ure to heed h is complai nts and warn i ngs agai nst the treatment to wh ich they were subject i ng those confined to the prison sh i ps . I may here notice one ci rcumstance referred to by some of a a o a a of the h istori ns , th t f a certific te of comm i ttee American shi pmasters under parole from the prison h u l k J ersey , that the treatment received by the prisoners on board those hu l ks was all and a that cou ld be expected , th t what they needed on l y was l i beration and exchange . The ci rcumstances u nder wh ich th is a a of certificate was ex cted by the Engl ish comm iss ry prisoners , as to David Sproat , were such depri ve the certificate of any real a to of evidenti l weight . Th is bri ngs me a consideration the ci rcumstances of the i mprisonment .

The prisoners were sai lors . They were therefore turned over n al a and a av . to the uthori t ies , not to the m i l i t ry au thorit ies a as a a a The nav l authori ties used , was n tur l , sh i ps r ther than for of dry l and detention . I t meant a less number sai lors to as be used guards , and meant more economy i n every way i n o Old the cost f custody . They took the vessels wh ich had ceased r to be usefu l for wa or transportation pu rposes . Such vessels a and were usual ly le ky , i nfested wi th verm i n , when thei r port ’ 16 PRISON S I I I P MA RTYRS MON U M EN T

to holes were boarded u p prevent escape , there was very l i ttle

- venti lat ion . The J ersey was a sixty fou r gun sh i p and capable 00 Of carryi ng a crew of 4 persons . When dismantled and after f o fices had been assigned to the officers and crew i n charge , there was left space under the u pper decks i nto wh ich r m iserable vict i ms Of the system we e thrust , there to spend the n i ghts i n the summer i n an i ntolerable heat and to suffer from one cold i n the wi nter . Wi th on l y surgeon , who d id not appar his one ently attend to dut ies at al l , wi th cook , and wi th guards is i n charge al l of whom resented the empl oyment , i t not won dered at that the poor prisoners were gradual ly subjected to greater and greater cruel ty at the hands of thei r captors . Yel — a low fever and smal l pox were rife mong the prisoners . The clean l i ness of the vessel depended u pon the energy of the prisoners ' as as wel l the severi ty of disci pl i ne by the guards , bu t how cou ld clean l i ness be expected when the whole were affected wi th a of to ? disease , and were dyi ng at the r te from five ten a day effluvi The fi l th and a were horri ble . I t is hard to understand how men l i ved on from month to

month , from year to year , i n such a foetid atmosphere . I t is i mpossi ble to determ i ne exactly who was responsi ble for the lack of food and the i nsuffic ient q ual i ty and q uanti ty wh ich was fur i d two- n she . There is evidence that the orders were that th i rds Of the dai ly food furn ished to Bri ti sh sai lors was to be furn ished

to these prisoners , but i t i s certai n that the bread and meat and dried vegetables wh ich were fu rn i shed to these prisoners were

- so worm eaten and rotten as to provide l i ttle sustenance . That these abuses arose probabl y from the fraud Of the guards e f and i mmedi ate att ndants is probable , bu t the O ficers i n h i gher authori ty cannot escape the responsi bi l i ty that i s necessari l y at thei r door for a fai l u re to order constant i nspection and to as protect the human bei ngs whose l i ves , they must have known , were bei ng sacrificed from day to day by the awfu l envi ronment o i n wh ich they were c mpel led to l ive . The dangers of i nfect ion and contagion from the pestholes ln wh ich the vessels at once became , doubtless drove away spectors and persons of cha ri table i ntent who m i ght have assisted

the victi ms of th is i mprisonment . I ndeed , the very cruel ty and danger of the surrou ndi ngs exposed the prisoners more and more to the absol ute authori ty of the i mmedi ate attendants

PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 17

and guards , who themselves had to undergo the risk of l i vi ng near and i n the pesthouse and who j ustified thei r cupidi ty and dishonesty , dou btless , by the dangers wh ich they themsel ves a of had to ru n . Thousands and thous nds the victi ms were buried on the shores of Wallabou t Bay not more than 500 yards from the sh i p , and bu ried i n such an i nsufficient way that the recurri ng t ides disclosed thei r bodies to the ai r and washed thei r r bones farthe u pon the shore . F 1 783 i nal l y , i n , th is sh i p , wh ich seems to have been used as was a a prison sh i p on l y for three years , ab ndoned ; those who had l ived through the awfu l m iseries were released and the sh i p was al lowed to remai n i n i ts pl ace u nt i l i t fel l apart and was For its destroyed by the elements . years frame and ri bs at low tide cou ld be seen to remi nd the on looker of i ts terri ble h istory . su r N o complete l ist of those confined , no l ist of those who died : vi ves to enable us to identify i ts victi ms . We know th is The men there confined were Ameri cans who had taken serv ice on privateersmen to destroy Bri t ish commerce and to hamper Brit ish Operations u pon the sea and who after thei r confinement were general ly offered the Opportun i ty of bet rayi ng thei r al le iance R g to the cause of the evol ution , by en l isti ng i n the Brit ish N avy and engagi ng i n the suppression of the war agai nst thei r ow n . people We know that they , wi th bu t very few exceptions , preferred the death wh i ch was present to them every day i n thei r l i ves upon these prison shi ps , to the dishonor of deserti ng the of r cause thei r count y . E fforts have been made , from t i me to ti me , to put i nto per manent - form an expression of the grati tude Of th is Government and its people to those who th us Offered u p thei r l ives rather ’ of than to be unfai thfu l to thei r country s cause . The Society Tammany and others and the pri vate associ at ion known as P The Sh i p rison Martyrs Association , wi th Stephen V . Wh i te a at i ts he d , took the matter i n hand wi th an energy and perse verance of worthy the cause , final l y secured governmental aid , and now a su i table test i mon ial has been reared i n memory of of these heroes and martyrs . The State New York contri bu ted ’ the ci ty of N ew York the Prison Sh i p Martyrs Association by private subscri pt ion and the Government Of the U n i ted States F Mc Kim rom the plans made by the arch i tects , , Mead and 18 PRISON SHI P MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT

' construct ion has Wh i te , the work of gone on under the di rection now of of Colonel Marshal l , Ch ief of Engi neers the U n i ted States

to- Army , and day th is nobl e Memori al i s ded icated as a remi nder to l i vi ng Ameri cans of the grat i tude due to the u nknown su fferers i n ou r country ’ s cause and as an i nspi ration to fu tu re unselfish and u nheralded sacrifice to mai ntai n our i nsti tutions of l i berty and ci vi l izat i on .

General Lu ke E . Wri ght then made a brief address , i n wh ich : he presented the Mon ument to the State and ci ty . H e said The story of the experiences of the Martyrs honored by th i s shaft makes one of the darkest pages i n the annals of the Re vol ution . They met wi thout complai nt starvation and depriva t ion and suffered the most loathsome diseases rather than prove tra i tors to thei r cou ntry . The th i ng that makes a nation great i s as is i ts men rather than t materi al resou rces , and such men these hel ped to make ou r nation great . We are now abou t to

pay a long del ayed debt . When we consider how long the l apse of ti me between the i ncu rri ng and the payi ng , we m i gh t tru ly con say that repu bl ics are ungratefu l , but i t is a fact that the temporaries of men rarel y do them j ust ice . The remoter genera t ions have a broader perspecti ve and are better able to do honor

to the great deeds of those who have gone before . We have erected th is Monument i n tri bute to the Martyrs f who su fered for thei r country , and now , Governor H ughes , I ou present to y as Governor of the State i n wh ich they suffered , ou McG owan and to y , Mr . , as representi ng the c i ty wh ich

wi tnessed thei r sufferi ngs , th is Monu ment .

McGowan Governor H ughes rose and bowed , and President

also . Al most at the same moment a signal was given , the cord E was drawn by M iss sther K i ng N orton , a granddaughter of K of General H oratio C . i ng , and the great banner the Stars and Stri pes Wh ich enshrouded the Monu ment began to fal l away urn at the top . The grand surmounti ng the shaft was brought i nto view as the bl ue field and wh i te stars that had h idden i t

dropped away . Slowl y the flag came down . a The people rose and men began to take Off thei r hats . I n few seconds a great mu lt i tude of bare - headed men stood and

2 0 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT

a o appreci ation of opportun i ty and obl ig ti n , and furn ish i ng the moti ve power for the finer service of peace . e And i n th is spi ri t and as a trust for th is h igh purpose , on b of half the State of N ew York , I accept th is Mon ument .

s f Mr . Wh i te : I t i a pleasant o fice to i ntroduce to you Presi M n cGowa . dent , who wi l l accept th is shaft on behalf of the ci ty McG ow n : Mr . a said

R O F H N McGOWAN. A D D ESS O . P . F .

Fri ends and fel low ci tizens : I f lessons of stone and bronze are needed to remi nd the youth of ou r l and of the heroism and forti tude of those who suffered and died to establ ish th is U n ion

ot our . and preserve i t from disruption , they are n lacki ng i n ci ty

They ornament our parks and pu bl ic places , and patriot ic societies and i ndividuals have added thei r zeal and endeavor to governmental effort i n perpetuat i ng the ach ievements of those brave men and women who sacrificed l ife and property that we m ight enj oy the i ndependence and l i berty wh i ch exist i n these

- U n i ted States to day . a Wi th i n short distance from here , at the Brooklyn approach to the Wi l l iamsburg Bridge , stands a beautifu l monument to one the i mmortal Wash i ngton , erected through the generosi ty of ’ - of H on . Brooklyn s publ ic spi ri ted c i tizens , . J ames R H owe , who devoted the fees of a publ ic office to that patriot ic pu rpose . The ci tizens of Brooklyn have also erected to the memory of the gal lant General Slocum a splendid equestri an statue i n honor of that brave m i l i tary leader . Onl y a few months ag o there was erected on Ri verside Dri ve by ou r fel low ci tizens of German bi rth and extraction a splendid

- tri bute to an adopted ci ti zen soldier , who fought bravely i n the

R . War of the ebel l ion , General Franz S igel On the banks of the beautifu l H udson repose the mortal re of mai ns the great Captai n of the Civi l War , General Grant , and thousands of people from al l over the world annual ly make pi lgri mages to that beautifu l tomb to pay thei r tri butes of respect and reverence . to Ti me , however , wi l l not perm i t me cal l you r attention to the many evidences of our grati tude and reverence wh ich are PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT 2 1 spread over th is ci ty to i mpress u pon the you th the lesson of patriotism and sacrifice wh ich they are meant to convey . We are not met tod ay to hono r the memory of some great captai n of ou r arm ies who marshaled h is hosts to tri umphant a victory , nor are we here to honor those g l lant privates who shed thei r blood u pon the field of battle i n obedience to the word of of command . We are to pay tri bu te to the sad memory thou sands of American Revol ut ionary prisoners who suffered martyr dom i n condemned hu l ks used as prisons . Bad provisions and a of bad water , scanty r tions and a complete l ack medical attend ance brought about a condit ion where disease and m isery reigned a unassisted and unrel ieved , and left beh i nd one of the most p a pal l i ng records i n the annals of warf re . Thousands su ffered and died whose names are unknown to their countrymen , and no tongue can adequatel y descri be thei r subl i me devotion to thei r country . One a hundred years ago , th i rty thous nd people thronged the hei ghts near the place of sepu l ture to pay thei r homage of rever ence and respect to the remai ns of these patriot martyrs , who for gasped existence where l ife was fu l l about them , and who perished of the fever and the plague when the breeze of heal th was fresh and strong . The ci vi l ized world stood aghast wi th horror at the terri ble who of sufferi ng of those perished i n the bl ack hole Calcutta , yet thei r tortu res were brief and merciful l y ended i n a few hours , wh i le the agon ies of the Prison Sh i p Martyrs were spent i n long

of . drawn sufferi ng and torture , over weeks and months m isery When we recal l the sacrifices of the men of that day who en ff on dured every pri vation and su eri ng i n the camp , the field of battle , i n the hospi tal and the prison , to found th i s government , i t is not aski ng too much of the c itizens of to—day to safeguard and transmi t , un i mpai red , the l i berty wh ich i t guarantees to those who are to fol low us . in Several years ago Congressman Fi tzgerald , of Brooklyn , trod uced the bi l l i n Congress au thori zi ng an appropri ation for r of ou r r f the e ection of th is tri bute g ati tude , and i n h is ef orts to its r secure passage was abl y assisted by ou presen t Mayor , who at that ti me was a member of the H ouse . In that purpose the

N ational Government , the State of New York and th is ci ty h ave blended harmon iousl y wi th the Monumen t Associ ation . PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT

On behalf of the c i ty of New York , I accept for her ci ti zens th is beaut ifu l Mon ument dedicated to the pathetic and patrioti c of of R memory the Prison Shi p Martyrs the evol utionary War .

Mr . Wh i te : To the Tammany Society great credi t is due for f and thei r earl y e forts to col lect preserve the bones of the Martyrs . I t i s therefore wi th speci al pleasure and satisfaction that I now present to you Grand Sachem Cohalan of that anc ient organ iza and ti on , whose Sachems members , i n considerable n umber , are

- wi th us to day .

AD D R ESS BY H D ON. F C A N I E L . OH ALAN

I t is very proper that the Tammany Society shou ld take part agai n to - day and pay a tri bu te to the Martyrs who lost thei r R O l i ves i n the evol ut ionary War . rgan ized by soldiers and sai l ors is of the Revol ution , the Tammany Society one of the oldest patriot ic societies i n the world . 1812 I t has al ways stood for patriotism , and i n i t came to

Brookl yn , strong , and threw u p breastworks to hel p defend th is pl ace from a threatened i nvasion by the Bri t ish . We ’ are proud of the Society s record i n the Mexi can War , and of of R proud i ts record i n the War the ebel l ion , when i t organ ized - and n the Forty second Regi men t se t i t to the front , where - i n th i rty seven battles i t won for i tself renown . We are proud of what we have been able to do for the honori ng 1 802 of the Prison Sh i p Martyrs . I n the Society memori al ized Congress and cal led attention to the condi tion of the graves Of the Martyrs and asked that a Mon ument shou ld be erected .

on in. 1808 That prayer fel l deaf ears , but tried agai n and was successfu l . The Monument was bu i l t and ded icated by the

Grand Sachem of Tammany Society . We hope that th is Shaft wi l l stand for centuries to teach that patriotism i s the h i ghest vi rtue .

r K Deputy Park Comm issione M ichael J . ennedy was i ntro d uced P , to accept the Mon u ment i n behalf of the ark Depart ment , and said of P r D r In behalf the a k epartment , i t gi ves me g eat pl easure to assume the care of th is magn ificent Mon ument . PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT 23

- The ceremon ies were closed wi th a prayer by the Rev . J ohn Pr L . Belford , and a Tri bute , Sal ute and Taps by Un ion i soners of War . The bri l l iant ceremon ies were somewhat marred by the bi ti ng cold rai n and sleet , bu t the great work had been dedicated and of the people satisfied . The neglect over a hundred years had as been wi ped out , and the beautifu l shaft wi l l stand an object lesson to future generations and an assurance that wh i le th is Repu bl ic i s someti mes slow i n recogn izi ng its Obl igations to i ts

is . heroic defenders , i t not ungratefu l

P R T H E A A D E .

(B rooklyn Eag le. )

The Tammany Society formed part of the Veteran Associ a P D tions and atriotic Societies i vision . I t marched di rectly Old beh i nd the Guard Of N ew York .

The Old Guard also did i tself credi t i n Brooklyn yesterday . I t K marched about one h undred strong . General Adol ph L . l i ne , R com formerl y colonel of the Fourteenth egi ment , led the first O pany of the organ ization . ther Brooklyn i tes i n the organ iza

- tion who marched yesterday were ex Lieutenant A . W . Li ndgren , 14th R formerly of the egi ment , and Brevet Second Lieutenan t

R . Sm i th , formerly of the Th i rteenth egi men t Another veteran organ i zation that showed u p wel l was that of the Twenty—th i rd Regi ment under the command of General

- . f . o J B Froth i ngh am . Abou t a hundred ex members the - R Twenty th i rd egi ment paraded i n i ts ranks . The regi ment started from the j unct ion of Di vision and Bed ford avenues i n the Eastern distri ct sharpl y at 1 o ’ clock and the head of the col umn reached Fort Greene Park at seven mi nu tes ’ 2 of after o clock . The l i ne parade was along Bedford avenue D K l to Lafayette aven ue , to Sou th Oxford street to e a b aven ue R ’ to . to aymond street , to Wi l loughby street , St Edward s street , and thence diagonal l y across the Plaza of the park to Myrtle avenue and lateral streets through wh ich the parade disbanded . F . Roe Major General Charles , the grand marshal , and h is ’ 24 PRI SON SHIP MARTYRS MON U MENT

staff, escorted by sq uadrons A and C , deployed upon the Plaza and took u p a posi tion faci ng the grand stai rway leadi ng u p to Roe the Mon ument . H ere Genera l reviewed the parade , the marchers passing between the foot Of the stai rcase and the caval P cade drawn u p u pon the grass among the trees of the l aza . A steady stream of un iformed men flowed past the reviewi ng ffi for one o cer u ni nterruptedl y hou r and a half , the last organ iza tion not arri vi ng opposi te the reviewi ng officer unti l half after 4 ’ o clock . Al ready the dedi catory ceremon ies , of wh ich Presi

- dent elect Wi l l iam H . Taft was the central figure , had com me e nc d .

r f w The pa ade was handled i n a most e fic ient manner . I t ent Off wi thout a h i tch and those who part ici pated i n i t were enthusi astic Roe i n thei r praise of General and h is adj utant , Lieutenant

Colonel Wi ngate of Brookl yn , who planned i t . There was a o notable absence f disagreeable wai ts and accidents . ’ The reg ulars from Governors I sland and the nearby coast defence fortifications had the ri ght Of l i ne . They were u nder of the command Colonel Wi l l iam H . C . Bowen of the Twelfth I nfantry and consisted of several compan ies of the Twelfth I n fantry of the Coast Arti l lery Corps and j ackies and mari nes from the battlesh i p N ew H ampsh i re and the Mari ne Barracks of the

Brooklyn N avy Yard . The regul ars of both the army and navy el ici ted applause and cheers al l along the l i ne of march for the r precision and m i l i ta y beari ng they displayed on the march . Many persons who were not awa re that sailormen cou ld also be horsemen were agreeabl y surprised at the equestri an ism d is Of played by the captai n the New H ampshi re and h is staff. Precedi ng the regu lars were the two State caval ry squadrons wh ich acted as an escort to the grand marshal . Squadron C of had the ri ght l i ne , al though Squadron A shou ld have had i t o by ri ght f sen iori ty . But Maj or Bridgeman of the latter , out Bevoise of courtesy to Major De and h is troopers , because the r parade was held i n B ooklyn , yielded the honor to them . A feature of the escort detachment was the mounted band of the r Manhattan squad on . Fol lowi ng the regu l ars came the tot al st rength of the N ational u nd er he Guard i n Greater New York , t command of Brigadier r General George Moore Sm i th Of the Fi rst Brigade . The Fi st Si gnal Corps acted as the escort and was fol lowed by the Twenty ’ 0 RT R S TO T O R T R E EN E 1 87 3 TO 1 9 8. MA Y M B A F G ,

26 PRISON SHI P MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT to be his favori te mou nt i n the days when he was not qu i te so a good horseman as he is at present . The Maj or undoubtedly hung on to the old superann uated charger as long as he did for of reasons sent imen t and ou t of considerat ion for old associ ations . of The Fi rst Battery Manhattan , u nder the command of Cap ’ O R an s tai n J ohn y , led the field arti l lery force of the State . The Second of Brooklyn came second and the Th i rd of the Bronx brought u p the rear . and Then fol lowed General Eddy the Second Bri gade , com as an and n prisi ng the Second Signal Corps , escort , the three i fantr - com y regi ments of Brooklyn , the Twenty th i rd , under the

a . m . ; , co m nd of Colonel W A Stokes , the Fourteenth u nder the of and - mand Colonel J ohn H . Foote , the Forty seven th , u nder B r m of . a th an ac the command Colonel H enry C . A l l three

- qu i tted themselves wel l . The al i gnment of the Twenty th i rd l and the Fourteenth was exceptional ly wel l kept . The genera effect of the Forty-seventh was marred by the presence of two officers wi thou t overcoats . Thei r fu l l dress un iforms were the most conspicuous th i ngs abou t the col umn . a I n the Fourteenth , Lieutenan t Colonel Garci commanded the a a Fi rst Battal ion , M jor Li bby the second , and Major B ldwi n wa a the th i rd . Major Stevenson of the Th i rd Battal ion s un ble to part ici pate i n the parade . k n xt The Fi rst Brigade of Manhattan came e . Colonel Dan iel

a a a . Appleton , ccomp n ied by h is st ff, commanded I mmedi atel y

’ fol lowi ng the colonel s staff came the carri age of Rear Adm i ral

of v . Caspar F . Goodri ch , commandant the Brooklyn N a y Yard w The adm i ral as accompan ied by h is personal aide , L ieutenant Alm t of e . Bricker , and F Latson , president the U n ion League

Cl u b .

The Seventh Regi men t , under the command of Lieutenan t of Col onel W . C . Fiale , occu pied the ri ght l i ne of the Fi rst - of Brigade . Then came the Sixty n i n th , under the command

Colonel Duffy , the Twelfth under the command of Colonel Dyer

- and the Seventy fi rst under the command Of Colonel Bates . The Seventh and Seventy-fi rst easi ly won the plaudi ts of the on lookers for the verve wi th wh ich they marched . of Comman The Fi rst N aval Battal ion , under the leadersh i p Kalba der Andrew s , and the Second Battal ion , under the com of mand of Lieutenant Com mander Ford , brought u p the rear PRI SON SHIP MARTYRS MONU MENT 27

of Old the m i l i tary portion the parade . Then fol lowed the a of Y of - R Gu rd New ork , the veterans the Twenty th i rd egi r and ment , th ee Grand Army posts , the Tammany Society a delegation from the Un i ted Boys Bri gade . L ayi n g O f t he Co r n e r St o n e

O f t h e Pr iso n Shi p Ma rty rs Mo n u m e n t

F ort G reene Park

Broo l n New Y or Ci k y , k ty

Sat u rd a O ct ober 26 190 m y, , 7 , p. .

' Und er t h e au s pic e s of t h e Pri s o n Ship Marty rs Mon u m e n t A ss o

io an h o o f r k c iat n d t e S c ie t V O ld B oo ly n it es .

O i h ia i o Pre e t e Pre s n . I I n rable S . . i e A V Wh t , s d n t of ssoc ti on , d i g

r r r 2 to M 23 rd After a prel i m i na y conce t , f om P . . , by the F H n R . o . egi men t Band , Thomas Shannon , Bandmaster , the : S . V . Wh i te opened the meeti ng as fol lows

N eighbo rs and Friends : The long deferred t i me has come when the ci tizens of America have assembled to do honor to the r men who died that th is count y m ight be born . We wi l l pro Dr Rev . ceed I . wi th the services , and cal l u pon the Newel l

Dw igh t H i l l is for the di vi ne i nvocation .

— D V E . . PRAY ER R E . N EW L L DW I G H T H I L L I S , D

e . O Lord , Thou hast b en our dwel l i ng place i n al l generations

O ur Fathers t rusted i n Thee and t hey were not ashamed . I n al l of ou r peri ls Thou wast a refuge ; i n ou r darkness a l igh t ;

r r . Y i n t i me of perplexi ty a place Of efuge , a succo and hel p ea , r r i n al l thei r j ourneys t h ough the wi lderness , Thy p ovidence was u nto them a pi l la r of cloud by day and a pi l lar of fi re by n i ght . PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 29

We recognize Thy ben ignant hand upon al l Thy people , all r Fr through these years and gene ations . om Thee hath come every good u pon th is nat ion . From Thee the scholars have had thei r wisdom , the sold iers thei r valor , the j udges thei r love Of j ustice , the merchants the power to feed the State , the physici ans to S the power save and heal the tate , and our educators the to power del iver and i nstruct the State . a We th n k Thee that Thou hast raised u p good men , famous m n e Of Old , men of renown and disti nction . now not And , i n this hour , we praise and bless Thy name , alone of old of for the prophets and the martyrs of the days , and the for ou r our early Christi an Church , bu t own patriots , brave soldiers that died gi vi ng thei r blood to feed the roots of the tree of l i berty that the blossoms thereof mi ght be cri mson and for our of beautifu l us and for ch i ldren . May thei r spi ri t devo tion to the great convictions never fade ou t from the hearts of ou r ch i ldren . ll Bless Thou this wide land and a i ts ru lers this day . H old our a of people b ck from any form evi l , from the peri l of over l a a l . ri pe l uxury and we l th , and from al l fol l y and from fear to R And grant that the end of ti me th is epubl ic , wi th i ts fami ly l ife , wi th i ts schools , wi th i ts homes and wi th i ts Churches may educate all the world i n Li berty and free i nsti tutions . We renew our dedication to hee of allth at we are and of al l T ' o that we have and f al l that we hope to be , and i mplore Thy our blessi ng upon us and u pon l and , through Jesus Christ , our

Lord , Amen .

RO O R E R — H ON E I N T D U CT RY MA KS . S . V . WH I T .

ff Mr . Wh i te reviewed at length the su er i ngs of the Martyrs who had died on the prison shi ps , and the work wh ich had been a done to commemor te thei r martyrdom with a Monument . I n opening h is remarks he graph ical ly told of the fate of Bri tish soldiers i n the Black H ole of Calcu tta . H e cont inued We have no record of any one concrete act of hel l ishness i n the treatment of prisoners wh ich equaled th is i ndescri bable of - tragedy of Calcutta . But to the shame the Anglo Saxon race a for the Brit ish be i t said , th t the six years i n wh ich , forces held ’ 30 PRISON S HI P MA RT vR s MONU MEN T

N ew York ci ty , there were enacted conti nuously scenes of barbarism wh ich i n the aggregate , i n comparison wi th that of as D barbarism I ndia , was the del uge of eucal ion to a Colorado cloudbu rst . The onl y avai l able means of cari ng for them was to confine on old S them certai n h u l ks , for the most part cattle h i ps used i n carryi ng suppl ies ; wh ich were so nearl y worn ou t that they were for and no longer avai l able even that low grade of commerce , the Bri tish anchored the hu l ks where the prisoners wou ld not dare j ump overboard and expose themselves to the double risk of bu l lets and drown i ng i n the swift and swi rl i ng t ide . I om i t the names of the di fferent sh i ps and on l y emphasi ze old the J ersey , of wh ich the prisoners knew enough of Genera l ’

Sherman s defin i tion to sti gmatise i t as the Old H el l . The fidel i ty Of these men to thei r newl y formi ng Country and to our establ ished N ation i s wi thout a paral lel i n the h istory of the world . They were al l the ti me offered rations and freedom i n the open ’ air , if they wou ld en l ist i n George the Th i rd s army for service not i n forei gn wars , wh i ch wou ld compel them to fight aga inst own thei r Country bu t wou ld rel ieve other soldiers who wou ld .

There is a tradi tion that one man accepted the cond i tions , and is r wh i le th is not ent i rel y ce tai n , i t is entirel y certai n that there on were not more than e or two at the most . Brave soldiers i n what seemed a hopeless cause 'Thei rs was the bravery of Leon idas and h is three hundred Spartan com patriots at the Pass of Thermopylae . Thei rs was the bravery Winkelreid of Arnold , when wi th bared bosom he monopol ized a dozen Austri an spears and held that corner i n spears un broken t i l l h is Swiss comrades had swept through the defi le and led

Swi tzerland to l i berty .

R K To El ij ah . ennedy , as President of the Mon ument Society ,

of . Mr . Wh i te gave the honor layi ng the Cornerstone With a in Si lver trowel hand he performed the solemn ceremony . I n the center of the stone was placed a copper box contain i ng coins and of the present day copies of the Brooklyn papers . As soon as Mr . Kennedy announced that the stone had been tru ly laid the band struck u p The Star Spangled Banner and the on z Th i rd Battery the Pla a fired a national sal ute . ’ PRISON SHIP MARTYRS MONU MENT 3 1

: u Mr . Wh i te I t is wi th unfei gned pleas re that I i ntroduce D to you Major Genera l Frederick . Grant , son and l ivi ng l i keness is to of h is noble father , who here speak i n behalf of the Un ited

States .

R EMA R KS OF G EN E RA L G RANT .

The address of General Grant , who was the next speaker , was a glowi ng tri bute to the men who had sacrificed thei r l ives P the S ln i n the old rison Sh i ps . H e pra ised enti ments wh ich spi red the erection of the beautifu l Mon ument , sayi ng that i n the heart of every true American the Monument i ncu lcated a Of r feel i ng reverence , espect and admi ration for the heroes who died for thei r count ry and whose deeds the shaft of gran i te wou ld always keep al ive i n the mi nds of generat ions to come . H e was freq uentl y i nterrupted wi th appl ause . ’ ' Su l l i van s Lost Chord was played by the Band . Then

Mr . Wh i te i ntroduced Governor H ughes i n fel ici tous terms . The reception wh ich the Governor had was a fine tri bute to h is popu lari ty .

T H E A D D R ESS OF GOV ER N O R H UG H ES .

- : r Mr . Chai rman and Fel low Ci tizens G atefu l ly though l co- tardi y the N ati on , the State and the Ci ty , wi th the operation of pri vate benevolence , have made th is preparation for su i table recogn i tion of the heroi c su fferi ngs of the Prison Sh i p Martyrs .

- We leave to day our usual act ivi t ies , and for a momen t we strive to forget the anxieties that are i nciden t to our unprecedented endeavors i n order that we may fi tly commemorate the work and death of those who humbly yet effecti vely pl ayed so i mport a ant part i n the layi ng of the foundations of th is Republ ic . I t is easy when the young student turns over the pages of Amer r o ican h istory , for h i m first to lea n of those cal ls f the pioneers of freedom , those eloquent appeals to patriotic senti ment wh ich brought together the struggl ing colon ies i n an effective un ion to so defend thei r ri ghts agai nst tyranny . As Cu rt is eloquentl y Of said , The voice Patri ck H enry from the mountai n answered O ea of that of J ames tis by the s . Agai n the student reads the 32 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT

of struggles the Conti nental Army , the valor i n the field , the sufferi ngs i n the camp , the i ndom itable spi ri t wh ich made vi ctory possi ble ; and ou t of i t al l grows befo re his i mag ination a majestic of of and re figure the ideal Ameri can , who , because h is force s olut ion u nselfishness r , the chari ty and of h is wo k , because of the unfai l i ng resources of h is masterfu l strength , because of h is dign i ty and h is poise , has real ized forever the American States of his man , forever the Father Country . Li ttle does the studen t read of those who unaided by the cal l on e r to arms the battl field , u n i nspi ed by the cheers of comrades , of unsustai ned by the appeals Generals , none the less fai thfu l l y wa and devotedly , wi th that tenac i ty of character wh ich s the f most stri ki ng e fect , the most stri ki ng i l l ustrat ion of American R a of characteristics i n the evol utionary peri od , i n gony sou l l aid down thei r l i ves rather than forswear thei r new al legiance to l i berty .

so - Of And to day , wi thout disparagement great leadersh i p , after too l ong del ay we lay our wreath upon the graves of those who perhaps after al l reached the h ighest summ its of patriotism when i n abject m isery , wi thout even the mercy of speedy death , they gave u p thei r l i ves i n the h u l k of the old Jersey .

Th is is a memori al to sufferi ng . Were i t noth i ng more i t

of . e wou ld be worthy th is ceremony W , as Americans , stri ve r d ist inc to ach ieve . We seek eve y Opportun i ty for i ndi vidual too u ti on and power . We measure strength often by s ccess t and attai nment . We m ust ever be recal led to our du y to h uman i ty ; and when the fount of American sympathy wi th sufferi ng dries u p the Republ ic wi l l totter to i ts fal l .

Side by side wi th the American motto , Ach ieve , Ach ieve , ' ' ’

ne . Ach ieve , must ever be wri tten Bear ye o anothers burdens — so And so to day we come , regretfu l that we have long for our to gotten partnersh i p , some extent , wi th the sufferi ngs of these Martyrs . And let no man th i nk that he fulfi l ls h is duty as of a man , whatever h is talent or whatever use he makes magn i ficent not American opportun ity , when he does learn joyfu l l y to become a partner i n the sufferi ngs of the world .

But th is is more than a memorial of sufferi ng . I t is a memo

’ of rial devotion . Noth i ng has human i ty s worsh i p more than unselfish devotion to a cause , even though the cause i tself may not have our enti re sympathy . Character is not measured by

PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT 33

see acqu isition , bu t by sacrifice , and whenever we a man givi ng a a h i mself unreservedly to c use wh ich he bel ieves , there is that i n our manhood wh ich is so superior to al l the temptations of a ci vi l ization , wh ich has made i t possi ble for h umani ty ag i n and agai n to rise u p to the summi t— there is that i n ou r common manhood wh ich recogn izes that the man who gives h is l ife for a cause i n Wh ich he bel ieves is above al l ki ngs and al l ru lers and al l men who acqu i re weal th and every possi ble disti nction of ambition . - was But , Fel low Ci tizens , th is devot ion to our cause , th is to - was not devot ion supersti tion , th is was not self abnegation Who wh i ch was the resu l t of some bl ind fau l t . were these bl i nd ? a a Martyrs They were New England l ds l rgely , young men that went from home wi th the spi ri t of adventu re and fi l led wi th r r zeal for l i berty , and f equentl y i n thei r very first efforts on thei r first voyage were captured and b ought to th is prison hel l . We see them wi th hunger unappeased , wi th th i rst unassuaged , i n loathsome associations , wagi ng remorseless confl ict wi th disease , r r r on beari ng thei comrades , morn i ng by mo n i ng , to g aves the own as beach and wai ti ng thei r turn , but , I have said , wi th spi ri t unbroken . Those whom we revere were men who cou ld have had thei r freedom at any moment had they been wi l l ing to take for service the Bri tish cause . These poor sou ls , crushed i n a m anner th at no one i nj ured on a battlefield and left there wounded to die , terri ble as may have been h is sufferi ngs , cou ld wel l i magi ne

those poor sou ls , even i n thei r agony , held thei r celebration on the Fourth of J u l y and l aughed i n the faces of thei r guards as they vowed that they wou ld rather die than serve the K i ng .

Noth i ng that we can do can rel ieve thei r sufferi ngs . The a of panegyric Of epi t ph , the adu lation eu logy do noth i ng to

- assist the hero to forti tude i n h is fal l . Th is , Fel low Ci tizens ,

owe - we to ourselves . Th is , Fel low Ci tizens , we do i n order th at r r we may p eserve what they gave us , because we can neve hold r inviol the l i berties , ou r priceless possessions , un less we prese ve a a ate that same spi ri t , th t same re di ness to sacrifice , that same devotion to ideals wh ich conquers al l thought of personal com or of fort i ndi vidual ach ievement , that same i ntense love of l i berty and of our i nsti tutions wh ich gave us the heroism of the

P - rison Martyrs , and wh ich we to day , newl y i nspi red , shou ld go a our - forth to i l l ustr te i n the conduct of every day l ife . ’ 34 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS MONUM ENT

’ of H of After the rendi tion andel s Largo by the Band , a grou p old - soldiers , U n ion ex prisoners of the Ci vi l War , led by Comrade

. . re re J C Ki lgore , beari ng laurel wreaths , a flag and a floral p sentat ion of Old the prison sh i p J ersey , came forward and pl aced the floral piece on the corner-stone and as the name of each of r on the ori gi nal States was cal led , a Veteran placed a w eath the

’ ’ stone . Then these heroes of 61 to 65 loaded thei r guns wi th blan k cartridges and fired a sal ute of three vol leys . The Band ’ struck u p My Country Tis of Thee , the audience standi ng and j oi ni ng i n the si ngi ng . The exercises were concl uded wi th a Prayer and Benediction

Rev . r McCart . : by the Fathe E . W y

Great God of N ations , we beseech Thee to bless the memories of them whose heroic dust makes sacred th is pl ace u pon wh ich we stand . We beg Thee to i nsti l l thei r spi ri t i nto al l of us . Voices come to us from thei r graves rem i ndi ng us of the pri n ciples for wh ich they fought and suffered and died ; i ndividual l i berty , reasonable equal i ty , true fratern i ty , eq ual opportun i ty , fai r play to every man , woman and ch i ld wi th i n the boundaries O of our country . And , God of Nations , we beg Thee to enable to r us l ive true to these p i nci ples , and if , duri ng the i nterven i ng years , we have swerved from the right l i ne l aid down by the heores R O who founded our epubl ic , then , God , gentl y gu ide us back agai n . 'O our God save America God , hel p legislators and our ru lers to meet successfu l ly the dangers that threaten our Re publ ic , not on l y i n the present , bu t graver dangers that seem to O threaten our existence i n the future . Let i t not be said , God , that a Repu bl ic is i mpossi ble ; that men cannot govern them selves . ask O of We Thee , God , to send the spi ri t ami ty throughou t of our land . May the dove peace bu i ld her nest i n these U n i ted O u r . States and abide wi th s fo ever But if , God , i t becomes unfortunately necessary to defend those ri ghts wh ich Thou to hast given us , by resort the cruel ties of war , then may there rise from every h i l l and from every val ley throughou t the length o r and breadth of u great and glorious country , spi rits that wi l l ral ly round her standard l i ke unto them whose memory we bless to- day . PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 35

May the blessi ng of God Al mighty , Father , Son and H oly r r u s . . Ghost , descend u pon al l and emai n wi th us fo ever Amen

P TA S were sounded and the vast audience d ispersed . After of more than one hundred years the Un i ted States , the State New York and New York ci ty had begun an i mperishable shaft to the memory of the men who suffered and died that the Re pu bl ic m ight be establ ished and perpetuated forever . ’ Se c reta ry s R e po rt

O F T H E

O bsequ i es of t he Pr iso n Shi p Ma rty rs

A t Pl m ou t h Chu rc h B roo l n y , k y

J U NE 1 6 ,

1900 new I n J an uary , , i n excavati ng for the fou ndations of a bu i ldi ng at the Brooklyn N avy Yard , the workmen uncovered the bones of a nu mber of those who died u pon the prison Sh i ps duri ng the war of the Revol ut ion and were i nterred u pon the Wallabout a shores of Bay . I mmedi ately u pon the nnounce of of ment th is discovery by the dai ly press , the Secretary the ’ Prison Sh i p M artyrs Monu ment Association w rote to Rear of Adm i ral John W . Ph i l i p , then Commandant the Yard , and received the fol lowi ng repl y :

2 1 r 5 900. N avy Yard , New York , J anu a y ,

Mr s . H orat io C . Ki ng

My Dear Madam : Replyi ng to your note of yesterday wou ld say that the few human bones found wh i le excavati ng near the water front are i n a box and w i l l be cared for u nti l the Commandant hears agai n from you . Wi thout givi ng the subject much serious thought , i t was my i ntention to cause them to be buried i n the cemetery at the N aval H ospi tal . But

a . now , as I s id , I wi l l retai n them u nti l I hear agai n from you

P I I P . J . W . H L

The excavations conti n ued for some t i me and the bones , r as they were exhumed , were reve ently col lected i n temporary

’ receptacles and stored i n the Commandant s office , awai ti ng the publ ic obsequ ies under the auspices of the Mon ument Associa 3 6 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT 37

' 16 the tion , wh ich were fixed for J une , the day precedi ng Ann i f of versar o . y the Battle Bunker H i l l , wh ich fel l on Sunday In - M R . r conj unction wi th ajor General J ohn B ooke , commandi ng D r of R Ad miral P on of the epa tment the East , ear h i l i p , behalf - r McLeer the N avy , and Brigad ier Gene al J ames , commandi ng r of the Second B igade , N at ional Guard New York , a su itable H o n . m i l i tary escort was provided . . S . V . Wh i te , H on Wi l l i am

D . B . avenport and General H oratio C Ki ng were appoi nted a of r comm ittee ar angements , and the last was designated as M r r Grand arshal . Colonel Edwa d E . B i tton was selected by o General Ki ng as Ch ief f Staff. P on 16 2 . . of At M J une , the special escort , composed Battery R N , Fifth Un i ted States Arti l lery , Captai n Thomas idgway a commanding , and a Battal ion of Un i ted States Mari nes , M jor b of Thomas Woods commandi ng , headed y the band the Fifth

’

Arti l lery , assembled i n front of the Commandant s Office i n the

N avy Yard . The remai ns , i n seven heavy and handsome oak

caskets , provided by the Monument Association , and constructed

by Thomas T . Fisher , were pl aced i n the several hearses by a of detachmen t Un i ted States sai lors , and covered wi th American

flags , the band pl ayi ng a di rge . The procession moved at r fol lowed by General Brooke and staff, Admi al Phi l i p and staff, o f a and ther distingu ished o ficers and civi l i ans , i n carri ges , to

P . lymou th Church H ere , wh i le the escort presented arms and ' to the band played N earer My God Thee , the caskets were

carried i nto the church and pl aced i n front of the pu l pi t . The church i tself was profusely decorated wi th flags ch iefly K provided by Mrs . H oratio C . i ng . Across the whole front Of the great organ was suspended a flag of the Revol ution loaned nd on Mrs . a by H enry Sanger Snow , ei ther side of the pul pi t

platform stood two handsome standards , one beari ng the th i rteen stars of the origi nal States and the other the forty-fi ve stars of

the expanded U n ion , wh ich , wi th nu merous escutcheons , were M especial ly ordered and provided by rs . S . V . Wh i te . Flowers , a wreaths and grouped pl nts also decked the platform .

As the remai ns were brought i n , the Dead March from

Sau l was played by Mr . George Wari ng Stebbi ns , organ ist of who r M s . the church , wi th the quartette , Mrs . C . M . H arvey ,

H elen S . Gue , Mr . George Leon Moore and Mr . A . M . Best ,

gave thei r services for the occasion . 38 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT

3 . R At abou t P . M H onorable El ij ah . Kennedy , President Rev D . D D of the Monument Association , N ewel l wight H i l l is , . the pastor of the church , General Brooke , Admi ral Ph i l i p , of H onorable J ohn D . Long , Secretary the N avy , General Stewart

. C L . Woodford , H onorable Amos J Cu mm i ngs , M . . , H onorabl e P of E . M . Grout , resident of the Borough Brooklyn , Major - of General Robert Dal ton , Adj u tant General Massachusetts ,

- - an . . d Brigad ier General W L Stryker , Adj utant General of New

J ersey , entered and occupied the pu l pi t seats . I n the i mmediate

- fron t pews were Major General Dan iel E . Sickles , U . S . A

- H onorable Benj am i n F . Tracy , ex Secretary of the N avy , McLeer and General staff, H onorable Fel ix Campbel l , and many members of the Monu ment Association , the Daughters of R the Revol u tion , Daughters of the American evol ution and

Society of Old Brooklyn ites . Every seat i n the audi tori u m was

fil led .

After the organ prel ude , the meeti ng was cal led to order by

President E lij ah R . Kennedy .

: is a o Mr . Kennedy I t appropri ate that ceremony t com memorate patriotism and martyrdom i n the cause of a free cou ntry shou ld be conducted i n a pl ace wh ich i s associ ated wi th of the very ideas c ivi l and rel igious l i berty , where such l i berty has had i ts h ighest aspi rati ons and i ts most eloquent and potent for o advocacy ; and i t is su i table the solemn i ty f the place , as wel l as of the occasion , that the exerc ises shou ld partake , i n part ,

of . at least , a rel igious character We shal l therefore first l isten o to the readi ng f the H oly Scri pture by the pastor of th is ch urch . D r the Rev . . N ewel l Dwight H i l l is .

D SC R I PT U R E R EA I N G .

Comfort ye , comfort ye my people , sai th you r God .

Speak ye comfortably to J erusalem , and cry u nto her that her warfare i s accompl ished , that her i n iq u i ty i s pardoned ; for she ’ hath received of the Lord s hand double for al l her si ns . of The voice hi m that crieth i n the wi lderness , Prepare ye the of for our way the Lord , make straight i n the desert a h ighway

God .

’ 40 PRISON S HIP MARTYRS MONU MENT

Ou t of weakness were made strong , waxed val iant i n fight , turned r to fl ight the a mies of the al iens . Women recei ved thei r dead raised to l ife agai n ; and others

were tortured , not accepti ng del i verance ; that they might obtai n a better resurrection :

And others had tri al of cruel mocki ngs and scourgi ngs , yea , moreover Of bonds and i mprisonment :

They were stoned , they were sawn asunder , were tempted , were sl ai n wi th the sword ; they wandered abou t i n Sheepski ns

and goatski ns ; bei ng desti tute , affl icted , tormented ;

was : h Of whom the world not worthy t ey wandered i n deserts ,

and i n mountai ns , and i n dens and caves of the earth . ' I n in erils j ourneyi ngs Often , i n peri ls of water , p of robbers ,

i n peri ls by m i ne own cou ntrymen , i n peri ls by the heathen , i n e peri ls i n the c i ty , i n peri ls i n the wi lderness , i n peri ls i n the s a, i n peri ls among false brethren ;

I n weari ness and pai nfu l ness , i n watch i ngs often , i n hunger

and th i rst , i n fasti ngs often , i n cold and nakedness .

And these al l , havi ng obtai ned a good report through faith , received not the prom ise :

us God havi ng provided some better th i ng for , that they wi th ou t us shou ld not be made perfect . d o Blessed are they that h is commandments , that they may o have ri gh t t the tree of l ife , and may enter i n through the gates

i nto the ci ty . And there shal l be no mo re curse ; bu t the throne of God and of the Lamb shal l be i n i t ; and h is servants shal l serve h i m : And they shal l see h is face ; and h is name shal l be i n thei r

foreheads . no no And there shal l be n ight there ; and they need candle , nei ther l ight of the su n ; for the Lord G od giveth them l ight ;

and they shal l reign forever .

May God bless the reading Of H is word .

464 The quartet then sang the hymn of the Pl ymouth H ymnal , commenci ng

Who are these i n brigh t array , Th is i nn umerable throng ?

Dr : At i ts close , . H i l l is offered the fol lowi ng prayer

PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 41

P RAY E R .

B e D R v . D . D . y N ewel l wight H i l l is ,

O Lord , Thou hast been our dwel l i ng place i n al l generations .

Before the mountai ns were brought forth , or ever Thou hadst formed the earth and the world , even from everlasti ng to ever Our l asti ng Thou art God . fathers trusted i n Thee ; they trusted i n Thee and were not afraid . I n al l thei r dangers Thou d idst of del iver them . In al l hours perplexi ty Thou didst lend them wisdom and gu idance . I n ti mes of defeat Thou didst make the overthrow better victory . Thy providence was unto them a of of . pi l lar cloud by day , and a pi l lar fire by n ight And now for we , Thy ch i ldren , give Thee u nfeigned praise and grat i tude O ur the i nheritance of the founders and fathers . ti mes are i n r Thy hands . I n Thy generous love Thou hast o dai ned that we shou ld enjoy l i berty , i n tel l i gence , opportun i ty . We than k Thee that we dwel l i n th is fru i tfu l land , beneath ben ignant skies , and that our happi ness and freedom have been secured by i nst i tu tions that represent truth and j ust ice . And we desi re to receive these r i nst i tut ions of the fathe s as gifts di vi ne . And we ask that Thou us wou ldst deepen wi th i n the sense of fidel i ty to convi ct ion , us o r and lend i ncreased love f home and chu ch and school , and al l that makes the republ i c the teacher of the nat ions i n free

. of ou r i nsti tutions Grant that , to the end ti me , our chi ldren and ch i ldren ’ s chi ldren may be fai thfu l to the memory of the fathers who loved j ustice , did mercy , and wal ked h umbl y before God . of Eternal God , the author al l l ife , unchanged from age to age , we gi ve Thee speci al grati tude th is day for the memory of the of heroes who once l i ved , bu t are not . I n the discovery these

a . bones , as i t were , those who were dead h ve risen u p Thei r very dust hath broken i nto voice , speaki ng of patriotism , courage , and fidel i ty to conviction . These are they who were honored i n r of r thei r generation , and were the glo y thei ti mes . They have left a name beh i nd them that thei r praises m ight be reported . TO- day we carry thei r bones to thei r resti ng pl ace i n peace and D honor , and thei r names l ive forevermore . eepen wi thi n us f r our admi ration o thei r bravery , truth , thei r high sense of j us t ice and thei r unyieldi ng fidel i ty . We feel that they have taken f l r R o to ove ou . vows us and serve country atify Thou , we beseech Thee , this covenant , the wh i le we consecrate oursel ves 42 PRI SON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT anew to the cause of l i berty and to the i nst i tutions for wh ich ou r

r . fathe s l i ved and died And as the generations come and go , may the mu l ti tude that wi l l wear deeply the path unto th is tomb , read these i nscri ptions , and swear fidel i ty to the con vict ions of our r o u r and princi ples founders and fathe s , and f o

God . Oh and r of , Thou who art the Ki ng of K i ngs , Lo d Lords , send P Thy blessi ngs th is day upon thy servant , the resident of the of Un i ted States , and u pon al l members h is cabi net , associ ated wi th h i m i n posi tions of au thori ty . May those who counsel wi th h i m be themselves taught of God . Grant Thy speci al favor of u pon Thy servan t , the Secretary the N avy , who th i s day se represents our sai lors u pon the a. Be gracious unto the soldier Oh who represents our army . , Thou who didst come to bri ng r peace and not a swo d , hasten the day when the sword shal l be r drawn on l y to smi te oppression , c uel ty and despotism . Bri ng

e . i n the ra of peace , and of un iversal good wi l l H old the people - too to back from over ri pe prosperi ty , make the weak strong be oppressed , make the poor too wise to be led astray . Destroy selfishness , ignorance , fear and su persti tion ; i ncrease i ntel l igence , j ustice and the sense of recti tude . May the lamp of l i berty , r l i ghted by ou fathers , be fed by the ch i ldren u nt i l i ts beacon S fires , burn ing more and more brightly , hal l l ighten darkened e l ands beyond the s a. Thou who hast made of one people al l nations of men who dwel l upon the face of the earth once more we pray Thy ki ngdom ’ ou r come , and Thy wi l l be done . Th is was fathers prayer , and sti l l the era of peace on earth and good wi l l toward men i s Oh how ? del ayed . H ow long , Lord , long When shal l the cry of the oppressed and the sound of wrath and strife die away upon the horizon ? Even wh i le we pray there comes to us from that ancient empi re the battle cry , soundi ng the confl ict . Grant , oh G d - o , that if i t be necessary that the plow share of war shal l of pass through the soi l , i t may bury forever the evi l seeds w r . so igno ance , vice , superstition and tyranny And deeply the good seed of wisdom , l i berty and love . H old the turbu lent R people back from confl ict . estrai n hatred and anger and race Oh for r . prej udice . Inc ease the sense of brotherhood , the ti me when brotherly love shal l be un i versal , and the earth shal l be of fi l led wi th the knowledge the Lord , as the waters cover the ’ PRISON SHIP MARTYRS MON UMENT 43

Oh great deep . , for the era when men shal l learn the mi ght of of and meekness , and the strength gentleness , the omni potence of sympathy and love . H asten the ti me when the angel shal l stand upon the sea , and l ifti ng h i s trumpet , proclai m that the ki ngdoms of the earth h ave become the ki ngdoms of our Lord and of H is Christ . Thy Ki ngdom come , and Thy wi l l be done on Earth , as i t is i n H eaven . Amen .

Stainer A NT H EM What Are These ,

' a H al lel ujah What are these that are arr yed i n whi te robes , and whence came they? These are they wh ich came ou t of great tri bu lation , and have washed thei r robes and made them whi te in of the blood the Lamb . of Therefore are they before the throne God , and serve H i m H is day and n i ght i n temple . They shal l h unger no more , nei ther r su n on thi rst any mo e ; nei ther shal l the l i ght them , nor any of a heat . For the Lamb wh ich is i n the m idst the throne sh l l feed them , and shal l lead them unto fountains of waters ; and shall God wi pe away al l tears from thei r eyes .

: Mr . Kennedy I t is fortunate that at the moment when the remai ns of these nameless dead were discovered , where they were r first i nterred by unf iendly hands , the Un ited States govern on r not men t , whose te ritory they were buried , was represented sea onl y by one who had acqu i red disti nction i n the service at , bu t who had wi th i n h i m a heart and senti ments of appreciat ion for the heroism of these u nknown martyrs— Rear Adm i ral J ohn P who W . h i l i p , the Commandant of the Brooklyn N avy Yard , wi l l now tel l us of the discovery of these remai ns and of thei r

r . reve ent care and custody i n h is hands , unti l th is moment

R EMA R KS OF R EA R A DM I RA L PH I L I P .

As the representative of the H onorable the Secretary of the on or N avy , at the N avy Yard , bu t not here th is platform , i n was a o th is holy edifice , I told a few moments g that I shou ld be asked to tel l you how these sacred remains came i nto the possession of the au thorit ies at the N avy Yard . Some months a o he n of a g , last wi nter , i n excavati ng for t foundatio new ’ 41 PRISON S I I I P MARTYRS MONU ME N T

bu i ldi ng that had been ordered to be erected by the Secretary as of the N avy , the hal lowed remai ns were found , the sand was shoveled ou t for the excavation of th is bu i ldi ng . They were apparent ly buried natural l y together ; but there was noth i ng r r fou nd around them , on l y the bones emai ned . They we e col lected by the naval authori ties , and as they were accumu lati ng r of there , the Sec etary th is Society asked the Commandant to retai n them i n h i s custody unti l the Society cou ld take ch arge of

them . The sands on the beach of the Wallabou t had been thei r cus tod ian for nearl y one hundred and twenty years , but bei ng robbed of thei r charge by the naval authori ties , and kept u p to the present a ti me i n s fety , I now turn them over to the custody of the

H onorable the Secretary of the N avy .

: Mr . Kennedy I t is a pecu l i ar honor that the Secretary of so the N avy , wel l known to the people of the enti re cou ntry , h s whose voice has never advocated an unworthy purpose , bu t a often led i n causes that have received the approbation of al l patriot ic ci tizens , has been wi l l i ng to defer the pressi ng and accumu lati ng dut ies of h is posi tion and to travel from the capi tal of the country here to Brooklyn , to perform the honorabl e service of transferri ng now the care of these remai ns to th is ci ty , where they are to find final i nterment . I have the honor to i ntroduce to you the H onorable J ohn D . Long , Secretary of the N avy .

D D R F R A ESS O S EC ETA RY LON G .

As the representati ve here of the U n i ted States N avy I beg to exp ress my app reci ation of your courtesy i n i nvi ti ng me to a partici pat ion i n these sad but i nspi ri ng ceremon ies . These rel ics of dead heroes wh ich the disti ngu ished commandant of the r I B ooklyn N avy Yard has gathered , now , so far as I may , transfer

’ to the Prison Sh i p Martyrs Monument Associ ation for thei r r r ca e . Let me exp ess to them the obl igation wh ich the navy , are r for as wel l as the whole country , u nde to t hem th is patriotic r wo k i n wh ich they are engaged . - - d a These men whose bones we bu ry to day are of the navy of to y.

46 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUM ENT

school room . I t is a growth and cul ture wh ich comes from the i nspi ration of noble deeds whenever enacted ; from contact wi th great events reproduced ; from associ ation wi th noble ideas of enforced by fitt ing symbols , and from the examples brave heroic act ion i mpressed upon the publ ic mi nd . I t is i n the very ai r we breathe ; i n the scenes and surroundi ngs and th i ngs wh ich we have pu t abou t us , and i n the atmosphere wh ich we create . You can hardly poi n t to a man who has made h is mark i n the h istory of the Un i ted States whose educat ion was not of th is sort of rather than the school or of the col lege . What educat ion i n the ordi nary sense of the word had Washi ngton or H ami l ton or J ackson or Li ncoln ?

And yet what education , i n the best sense of the word , did they not have i n the en l i ven ing i nspi rations of American l ife ? The wonderfu l th ing to me i n th is tremendous age of ours is the S of spi ri t of the ti me , the pi ri t the republ ic , the spiri t of develop S ment and growth for al l , the spi ri t of patriot ism , the pi ri t of i ntel l igence un i versal l y di ffused and tempered by the church , the school , the platform , the press and al l the educati ng i nfl uences of modern l ife . Wh i le th is spiri t predomi nates there may be frict ions , there may be convu lsions , there wi l l be sporadic i nstances of cri me and fraud and evi l ; bu t an underlyi ng , i rresisti ble force is always and surely at work toward the accumu lati ng as

of . surance good morals , good ci tizensh ip and good government When you shal l have consummated your noble and patriotic work , i n wh ich God give you good speed , and for wh ich you a h ve the grat i tude of the country , and especial l y of the Navy

- whom you so signal ly honor , you wi l l l ay the corner stone not of on l y of a monument to these patriotic martyrs , bu t a un iversi ty education for al l the peopl e now and hereafter of you r great and i noble c ty .

J u l i a Ward H owe ’ s i mmortal Battle H ymn of the Republ ic

Mrs . was then sung , H arvey si ngi ng the solo and the vast audience i mpressi vel y join i ng i n the refrai n ; after wh ich Mr . : Kennedy said As often happens , those who have done the most to bri ng abou t a desi red end make the least appearance i n i t , i - is and i t s so to day . Th is not the ti me to award praise to those who have organ ized th is Association and ca rried i t to th is poi nt ; o— for they are si len t t day . But for a voice to speak th is Society PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 47 and f for th is ci ty , who other shou ld be chosen than that O ficer ’ of P the rison Sh i p Martyrs Association , that beloved and r ? admi red ci tizen of Brooklyn , General Stewart L . Woodfo d

D D R D A ESS OF G E N E RA L WOO D FOR .

My Countrymen : The N avy of the U ni ted States to day commi ts to the Prison Sh i p Martyrs ’ Monument Association r r the custody fo final i nte men t of these unknown remai ns . Wallabou t 1 7 th I n the prison hu l ks i n Bay , from the disastrous of August , when the battle of Long I sland was lost , u nti l the close of hosti l i ties , al l pri vateersmen captured by the Bri tish fleet , of many soldiers the Conti nental Army and many ci tizens , driven of from thei r homes , were i mprisoned . To the horri ble n umber they starved to death and thei r remai ns were fl ung i nto r on t enches rudely dug the shore of the bay . I t is an i ndictment agai nst Ki ng George and his mi n isters r wh ich ti me can neve efface . Let us reverently thank God of r has so that the spi ri t Ch istian ci vi l ization far advanced , that of so the horrors war have been far m itigated , that when , si r 'here General Woodford turned toward Secretary Long] under your admi n istration of ou r N avy more than Span ish sai lors for for fel l i nto your custody , you cared them as you did you r own

ou . men , and h uman i ty thanks y for i t of R r r When the hosti l it ies the evol ution closed , the few su vivo s of the prison shi ps were rescued and freed , bu t such was the of old condi tion the ch ief among thei r floati ng prisons , the Jersey , she S as she that was left , without guard , to gradual ly i nk mi ght , o ll o and the waters f Wa ab ut Bay now cover her . To the care of owe a single ci tizen , Joh n J ackson , we that the remai ns were to a R r gathered ; Benj mi n omai ne , that temporary sepu lche was provided and the first move made for a su itable burial . of To the Tammany Society New York , we owe thanks for the

first effort made to place above them a fitti ng monument . But a as the years passed and th t effort d id not crystal l ize , new was 1873 effort made i n , when our ci ty government provided the l arge tomb now upon Fort Greene i n Wash i ngton Park . To that tomb to rest unti l the final j udgment , we shal l comm i t a to- these rem i ns day . We hope , nay more , we bel ieve , that the 48 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU M ENT

present effort to secu re a su i table mon ument wi l l be successfu l . The ci ty of New York has been au thorized to contri bute b The State of New York wi l l make contri ution , and further more we are assured that the n ation i tself is to act i n marki ng of the bu ri al place i ts first heroes , men who belonged to the th i rteen origi nal States . A l i beral su m has al ready been contri buted and i s on deposi t i n a trust company of our ci ty , and we bel ieve , Mr . Secretary , th at we shal l succeed i n su i tabl y marki ng the spot where these are heroes to rest . Prolonged remarks after the schol arly and i nspi ri ng u tterances of the Secretary of the N avy wou ld be i nappropriate ; bu t th is is as spot eloquen t wi th memory . H ere nowhere i n ou r beloved of h s Brooklyn , the spi ri t l i berty a breathed i n the days that are and of o gone , the voice ou r dead Prophet f Li berty sti l l echoes of are wi th i n these wal ls . The ashes ou r heroes here and they speak to us as do the memories of th is sacred place ; and they a ' one — of are l utteri ng lesson the lesson patriotism , the lesson G od of fidel i ty , the lesson of du ty . God hel p you and me , hel p r ou r people to be wo thy of what these men died for . They did of more than di e i n battle . I n the awfu l joy confl ict , when is bayonets are flash i ng and the blood t i ngl i ng , men spri ng to struggle ; but these men , wi thout a flag above them , wi th no u ’ sounds of bugle or cl arion , wi th no to ch of comrade s el bow , these men wal ked i nto the most horri ble of deaths , patient , cal m , unwaveri ng . They were bri bed to leave thei r prison house , if they wou ld enter the service of the K i ng . They spurned the bri be . They faced starvation . They died and became martyrs of l i berty . God hel p us to keep that l i berty .

' o of After the si ngi ng f My Country , Tis Thee , by the Dr congregation , . H i l l is pronounced the benediction ; the r caskets were retu ned to the hearses , and the procession was re- formed i n the fol lowi ng order :

F . Fifth Arti l lery Band , Ch ief Musician rederick Frank

r . Batte y N , Fifth Art i l lery , Captai n Thomas R idgway Ma ri ne Band , Signor G . Savasta , Leader . Battal ion Mari nes , — . Major Thos . Woods . Twenty th i rd Regi ment Band , Thos - G . R . F . Shannon , Leader . Twenty th i rd egi ment , N , Major

D . N avid K . Case , commandi ng Troop C , ational Guard , g F ole f r m an rin in th e L on s land is orical ocie . h t a h e F . t I H t t o o r d b . o old g y P p y E y, p S T E I R ST O N U EN T H F M M .

PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONUMENT 49

’ DeBevo e P . i s . . Captai n Charles I , commandi ng St au l s Church

. r J r. Cadets , Fi rst Lieutenant W H en y Al lers , , commandi ng ; fol lowed by the hearses and by the dist ingu ished officers and of Old civi l ians al ready named and members the Association , r Brooklyn i tes and others i n carriages . The oute was along r to H icks to Pierrepont , to Cl i nton , to Sche merhorn , Lafayette M ’ Avenue , to Cumberland , to yrtle and the Martyrs Tomb P i n Fort Greene ark . H ere the troops were massed i n close col umn fronti ng a vast concourse of ci tizens who crowded the Sl S — a opes and every avai lable pace , but i n perfect order scene of D unsurpassed beau ty and long to be remembered . uri ng of the transfer the caskets to the tomb , m i nute guns were fired f R s in o . . . a u by a platoon the Th ird Battery , N G . (Captai n H S q ) of i n charge L ieutenant Chauncey Matlock , J r . Before the entrance to the tomb a tablet wi th these words from the Scri p Mrs : tures , chosen and printed by . Whi te , was placed Let now ou r us praise famous men , and fathers that begot us . The Lord hath wrought great glory by them through H is great power

from the begi nn i ng . Leaders of the people by thei r counsels and by thei r knowledge of learn i ng meet for the people wise and

eloquen t i n thei r i nstructions . A l l these were honored i n thei r of generations and were the glory of thei r ti me . There be them that have left a name beh ind them that thei r praises might be

reported . And some there be wh ich have left no memorial , bu t these were mercifu l men whose righteousness hath not been s forgotten . Thei r bodie are buried i n peace , bu t thei r name — -1 : 1 0. l iveth forever . Ecclesiast icus (Apocrypha) , xlvi

The flag on the staff i n the Park and the flags on al l the publ ic

- d irec edifices were pl aced at half mast duri ng the exercises , by of D r of P tion H on . J ames J . K irwi n , epu ty Commissione ubl i c

Bu i ldi ngs . P The transfer havi ng been completed , resident Kennedy C who : i ntroduced H on . Amos J . Cumm i ngs , M . . , said

E F MR M A D D R SS O . CU M I NGS .

Fel low Ci tizens : When these bones were ignomi n iousl y Wallabout thrown into the trenches at the , th is was a nat ion 5 0 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT of — people . To day people l i ve wi th i n si ght of th is tomb . These ashes represent the hopes and aspirat ions of a nat ion struggl ing for l i berty ; they perpetuate the prayers and f the tears of the noble women o the Revol ut ion . They recal l the days of Ethan Al len at Ti conderoga ; they bri ng to m i nd the blood of Warren Si nki ng i nto the sod at Bunker H i l l ; a they recal l the days of Saratog , the Brandywi ne , and the bloody footprints i n the snow at Val ley Forge ; they memori al ize of the tri umphs at Trenton and Pri nceton , and the death H ugh Mercer ; they bri ng back the dyi ng words of De Kal b at Camden and the glorious death of Pu laski at Savannah ; they recal l the days of Li ght H orse H arry and of Mad An thony Wayne ; they ’ render vivid the battle of Ki ng s Mountai n , the defeat of Tarleton at Cowpens , and the crown i ng victory at Yorktown . They H ale ln recal l the fate of N athan , of I saac H ayne and of the numerable heroes who gave up thei r l i ves for American freedom i n the long ag o. I t is to the glory of Brookl yn and its ci t izens that she took the i n i tiat i ve i n erecti ng a monument to the memory of these

. was martyrs I t was h igh ti me that someth i ng done . The very elements themselves had ri veted the atten tion of the nation to r - . r thei bones Buried at low water ma k , the tide washed the sand from thei r skeletons , recal l ing thei r cruel sufferi ngs f and torture at the hands o the soldiers Of Ki ng George . When the Tammany Society removed the remai ns and placed them i n the terrace at the N avy Yard , the elements agai n spurred the nation to i ts duty . The bones were exposed by heavy rai ns and storms and were fi nal ly deposi ted here at Fort Greene , and the conscience of the nation has agai n been awakened . I n the march of progress the u ncoffined bones of 1 5 0 other martyrs have been unearthed . A th i rd ti me Providence demands the action of Congress i n the erection of a monumen t to the memory of the men who died the most horri bl e of deaths that the nat ion m ight l i ve . Fi tti ng was i t that a lineal descendant of that noble Puri tan

Mrs . Captai n Myles Standish , Stephen V . Wh i te , took a leadi ng part i n th is movement . I t was an i nspi ration that Speaks for r of vol umes the American cha acter . The c i ty Brookl yn of is strivi ng to do i ts duty by these dead patriots . The ci ty

New York is i n no way backward , and the State authori ties

5 2 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT rel ics— wi l l be raised so h igh above them that i t can be seen from the H ighl and Li ghts to Stony Poi nt , and one that wi l l awaken the i nterest and admi ration of every patriot and every visi tor of who enters the h istoric H arbor N ew York .

The caskets when deposi ted i n the vau l t were profusel y strewn wi th flowers by the ladies present . The tomb was then closed and three magn ificen t wreaths presented by the Associa D of R tion , the aughters the evol ut ion and the Daughters of the u n American Revol ution were l aid aga inst i t . The audience : covered and Dr . H i l l is read the commi ttal service

i H eaven sa in And I heard a voice from y g unto me , Wri te ,

Blessed are the dead wh i ch die i n the Lord , from henceforth ; yea , sai th the Spi ri t , that they may rest from thei r labors ; and thei r works do fol low them . one And of the elders answered , sayi ng unto me , What are these wh ich are arrayed i n wh ite robes? and whence came they?

And I said unto h i m , S i r , thou knowest . And he said unto f me , These are they wh ich came ou t o great tri bu lat ion , and a of have w shed thei r robes , and made them wh i te i n the blood the lamb . And they shal l see H is face ; and H is name shal l be i n thei r foreheads . no And there shal l be n ight there ; and they need no candle , nei ther l ight of the sun ; for the Lord God gi veth them l ight ; and they shal l reign for ever and ever .

Jesus said unto her , I am the resurrect ion , and the l ife ; he that bel ieveth i n me , though he were dead , yet shal l he l ive ;

And whosoever l i veth and bel ieveth i n me shal l never die . Bel ieveth thou th is?

to . Earth to earth , dust to dust , ashes ashes

r Al l agai n un i ted i n si ngi ng Ame ica , and amid most solemn Dr : sti l l ness . H i l l is pronounced the benediction

And now may that G od who brought agai n from the dead our Lord J esus Christ , that great Shepherd of the sheep , make us al l perfect i n every good work to do h is wi l l , working i n us PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 5 3

that wh ich is wel l pleasi ng i n h is sight , through Jesus Christ ou r

Lord . Amen .

r D The si lence was b oken by Bugler ennis H ogan , who sounded of r r Taps , and the boomi ng the a ti l le y , wh ich closed the deeply i mpressi ve ceremon ies wi th thi rteen guns . F of rom the i nception to the close these notable exercises , o noth ing occurred to mar the perfection f detai l . co— a of D The oper tion the War and N avy epartments , the a ffi National Gu rd and i ts local o cers , of H on . George V . Brower , o D P McLau hln Commissioner f Parks and eputy Ch ief . H . g i r r i n the admi rable pol ice a rangements , are wa mly acknowledged : by the Associ ation . Said a local paper

’ Not a si ngle feature of yesterday s ceremony fai led to take place as planned . At the church , the exercises were conducted r wi th p ecision ; at the fort , they were brief ; but at both places they were sign ificant and appropri ate . The mi l i tary portion ’ of the afternoon s arrangements surrounded the bu ri al wi th a mart ial atmosphere disti nctl y i n keepi ng wi th the nature of the ceremony . ’ F ox s Sto r y O f t he J e rse y

( From the Brookl yn Eagl e . )

now a a And , fter many ye rs of unselfish devotion and hard

is to of . work , success abou t crown the efforts the Association When the shaft i s raised i n Fort Greene Park i t wi l l be an enduri ng mon ument to men whose names and memories shou ld never be suffered to be forgotten . I t i s a matter of h istory that al though most of the men con fined on the prison sh i ps might have obtai ned freedom by desert i ng the American cause and en l ist i ng i n the Brit ish service , the patriot ic preferred to remai n i n thei r loathsome prisons rather than prove trai tors to thei r country . I n a general way Americans of to - day have a not ion of the sacrifices these men made for thei r country , bu t few have any old idea of the horrors of l ife aboard the hu l k of the J ersey , wh ich swung l azi ly i n the Wallabou t as gri m a summons to

’ abandon hope as Dante s I nferno .

- I n th is muck rake age , when the magazi n ists wou ld have us bel ieve that rascal i ty i s rampant and patriotism a dead and is to forgotten th i ng , i t wel l occasional ly retouch fading and van ish i ng portrai ts of the men of yesterday lest we forget what r r r manne of persons they we e , what they da ed and what they endured . No one is so wel l fitted to tel l of dangers passed or sufferi ng endu red as a su rvi vor who wri tes wh i le h is i mpressions are st ill of E vivid , and from the accou nt benezer Fox , who spent many d eathhouse weary months i n the l i vi ng of the J ersey , the fol lowi ng descri ption is taken :

one On Sunday , one pound of biscu i t , pound of pork and half one a pi nt of peas ; Monday , one pound of biscu i t , pi n t of oatmeal of and two ounces butter ; Tuesday , one pound of biscu i t and of two pounds sal t beef ; Wednesday , one and a half pounds of 5 4 ’ PRISON S HIP MARTYRS MONU MENT 5 5

a d w s flour n two ounces of suet . Thursday a a repet i tion of Su n ’ ’ ’ a a of and of d y s fare , Frid y Monday s Saturday Tuesday s . I f th is food had been of good qual i ty and properl y cooked a at i t wou ld h ve kept us comfortable , least from sufferi ng . w s r Ou a a . But th is a not the case . food was d m ged The bread was mou ldy and fi l led wi th worms . I t requ i red considerable rappi ng upon the deck before the worms cou ld be dislodged from thei r l urki ng places i n the biscu i t . ' As ou t of for the pork , we were cheated i t more than half one the ti me , and when i t was obtai ned , wou ld have j udged from the mot ley hues , exhi bi ti ng as i t did the consistency and a a ppearance of v riegated fancy soap , that i t was the flesh of the porpoise or seahog and had been an i nhabi tant of the ocean t rather than of the s y. But whatever doubts might arise res ectin of p g the genera or species the beast , the flavor of the flesh was so unsavory that i t wou ld have been rejected as unfi t even ffi f for the stu ng o Bologna sausages .

The peas were general ly damaged , and from the i mperfect manner i n wh ich they were cooked were abou t as i ndi gesti ble not S . as grape hot The butter , the reader wi l l suppose was the ' ’ its real Goshen , and had i t not been for adhesi ve properties , to retai n together the particles of biscu i t wh ich had been so o riddled by the worms as to lose al l thei r attraction f cohesion , r we shou ld have considered i t no desi rable addi tion to ou vi ands . ' r The flou and the oatmeal were often sour , and when the suet was m ixed i n i t we Shou ld have considered i t a blessi ng to be dest i tute of the sense of smel l i ng before we admi tted i t i nto f o . ou r mou ths . It m ight be nosed half the length the sh i p not And last , though the least , i tem among ou r staples i n ln ~ r of the eati ng i e ou beef . The first view i t wou ld exci te an idea of veneration for its antiqu i ty and not a l i ttle cu riosi ty to r ascertai n to what ki nd of an an i mal i t o i gi nal ly belonged . I ts color was of dark mahogany and i ts sol idi wou ld have set the fi keen edge of a broad axe at de ance to cu t across the grai n , though , l i ke oakum , i t cou ld be pu l led i nto pieces one way i n r stri ngs . A st eak of fat i n i t wou ld have been a phenomenon that wou ld have brought al l the prisoners together to see and admi re . ' I t was so completely saturated wi th sal t that after havi ng been boi led i n water taken from the sea i t was found to be con ’ 5 6 PRI SON SHIP MARTYRS MONUMENT

sid erably freshened by the process . I t was no uncommon th i ng to find i t extremely tender , bu t then th is pecu l iari ty was not a a ox a owi ng to i ts bei ng pri me cu t from prem i um , bu t r ther — of owing to i ts long keepi ng the vicissi tudes heat and cold , of h um idi ty and aridi ty i t had experienced i n the course of t i me ; and of th i s disposi tion of tenderness we were du ly apprised by the extraordi nary fragrance i t em itted before and after i t was cooked . ' r of w s Such was ou food . But the qual i ty i t a not al l that we o of had reason t compl ai n . The way i n wh ich i t was cooked was more i nj urious to our heal th than the qual i ty , and i n many cases laid the foundation of diseases that brought many a hi sufferer to h i s grave years after s l i beration . The cooking for the prisoners was done i n a great copper vessel that contai ned r of set of two o three hogsheads water , i n bri ckwork . The form i t was square and i t was d ivided i nto two compartments . I n one of these peas and oatmeal were boi led i n fresh water taken u p from alongside of the Sh i p . ' S and S The J ersey , from her ize , lyi ng near the hore , was not a embedded i n the mud , and I do recol lect h vi ng seen her afloat duri ng the whole ti me I was a prisoner . Al l the fi l th that accumu l ated among u pward of a thousand men was dai ly th rown

' overboard and wou ld remai n there ti llcarried away by the tide .

The i mpuri ty of the water may be easi ly conceived , and i n th i s w s water our meat a boi led . a was I t wi l l be recol lected , too , th t the water sal t , wh ich caused the i nside of the copper to become corroded to such a of a degree that i t was l i ned wi th a coat verdigris . Me t thus cooked must be , i n some degree , poisoned , and the effects of i t were man ifest i n the cadaverous countenances of the emaci ated n an o bei ngs who had remai ned o board for y length f ti me . ' N o vegetables were al lowed us . Many t i mes si nce , when I have seen i n the count ry a large kettle of potatoes and pumpki ns ’ fi re r steami ng over the to satisfy the appeti tes of a farme s swi ne , I have thought of ou r desti tu te and sta rved condi tion and what a l uxu ry we shou ld have considered the contents of that kett le on board the J ersey .

Prisoners were confined i n the two mai n decks bel ow . The l owest dungeon was i nhabi ted by those prisoners who were was r of foreigners . Thei r treatment mo e severe than that the

’ The Pr iso n Shi p Ma rty rs Mo n u m e n t Asso c iati o n

F rom I t s I nau g u rat ion t o t he Present

On 19th 1 898 J anuary , , at the i nstance of the Long I sland D of R Chapter of the aughters the evol ution , and by thei r of r i nvitation , members the va ious patriotic societies met at the

Mrs . . house of . H S Snow , then President of the Chapter , to r consider the advisabi l i ty of fo m i ng an association , un i ti ng r the sepa ate funds al ready held by the Long I sland Society , R f Daughters of the evol ution , and that o Fort Greene Chapter , on Daughters of the American Revol ution , and worki ng broader l i nes l i kely to secure publ ic appropri ations . Another meeti ng was 16th re held at the same place February , when i t was r sol ved to form such an associ ation . A tempora y chai rman , Mrs r . . a . General A C Barnes , and a tempor ry secretary , H o atio

. to C Ki ng , were chosen and were asked cal l a special meet i ng 23 rd the fol lowi ng month . March many prom i nent ci tizens r w f esponded and the associ ation as establ ished . The o ficers : P E - elected were resident , l ij ah R . Kennedy ; Vice President ,

Mrs . . Mrs . S . V Wh ite ; Treasurer , Fel ix Campbel l ; Secretary ,

H . C . Ki ng . Articles of association were proposed and accepted . The first regu lar meeti ng of the Prison Sh i p Martyrs Mon umen t 46 Association was held at Wi l low Street , the house of the Sec retar 2 7th 1898 : y, May , , where n i ne trustees were elected , viz

H n. . o . H on Wi l l iam Berri , H on . Cornel i us N . Bl iss , Wi l l iam B D avenport , H on . H enry E . H owland , H on . Roswel l P . Flower , Mr s . Mrs . . . . . Dan iel Mann i ng , H enry S Snow , H on S V Whi te H - on. B and Stewart L . Woodford . y l aws were adopted and the first annual meeti ng of the Associ at ion was held on the fourth of 2 3 rd 1899 of Thursday March (the ) , , at the residence the r r r Sec eta y . The Span ish War absorbed i nterest duri ng that yea .

Th is bei ng gloriousl y settled , patriot ism was reki ndled and the 5 8 ’ PRISON SHIP MARTYRS MONUMENT

work for th is mon ument was taken u p wi th renewed zeal . The Secretary reported that the two funds al ready raised for the of of D of R object , that the Society the aughters the evol ution , of F D of and that ort Greene Chapter , aughters the R American evol ut ion , had been deposi ted i n the ’ F P a . eople s Trust Company by the l te H on el ix Campbel l ,

- r a and re . treasu er . The s me officers trustees were then elected In 1900 fresh i mpetus was given to the work by the findi ng of of S Y many more bones the prison h i p martyrs at the N avy ard , a of 3 3 at a wh i le diggi ng the found tion bu i ldi ng No . the N vy Y ard , near Li ttle Street . The Secretary i mmediately com municated P wi th Admi ral h i l i p , then commandant of the Yard , and requested h i m to care for the bones and al low the Associ ation to have them buried wi th those of thei r com rades i n the tomb r r at Fo t G eene . Admi ral Ph i l i p most courteously compl ied wi th th i s request . On 16th a a J une , wi th ppropri te ceremon ies and m i l i tary honors , s of for i n pre ence of representati ves other States , wi th the flag wh ich they died coveri ng the Six handsome caskets constructed by Fisher , contai ni ng thei r remai ns , they were carried u p the aisle on the shou lders of sai lors of the U n ited States N avy and placed side by Side beneath the pul pi t of Plymouth Church . R r Rev . el igious se vices were conducted by the Pastor , N ewel l D D D and r r wi ght H i l l is , , add esses we e made by Adm i ral P D of a . h i l i p , H on . J ohn . Long , Secretary the N vy , H on r H on Stewa t , L . Woodford and . Amos J . Cu mmi ngs . At the close the remains were conveyed i n hearses to Fort Greene P r R a k , preceded by Un i ted States egu lars and Sai lors , the - R Twenty th i rd egi men t and Troop C , N ew York N ational Guard , and were led by the Mari ne Band playi ng hymns and di rges . The officers and trustees of the society and disti ngu ished guests fol lowed i n carriages . The Grand Marshal was General H orat io ' A . . s of d a C Ki ng stated by the Eagle the y, N ot a si ngle feature ’ of yesterday s ceremony fai led to take place as pl anned .

At the tomb a most i mpressive scene was presented . Su r roundi ng the enclosure on al l sides were thousands of spectators . The sai lors bore the caskets on thei r shoulders to the door of the Dr tomb and . H i l l is read the comm i ttal service . After si ngi ng ' r God Nea er my to Thee , each casket was reverentl y pl aced wi thi n . The bugle sounded taps and the guns boomed a parti ng 60 PRISON SHIP MARTYRS , MONU MENT sal ute to the soldiers and sai lors of a century ago whose noble sacrifices were now honored and commemorated . H n In 1901 o . S . V . Wh i te was elected President of the As soc iation , Stephen M . Griswold trustee , and H on . Augustus

G eneral . . Van Wyck and H C K i ng counsel . 1902 r f r I n the popu l a and e ficien t Treasu er , Fel ix Campbel l ,

’ r of Com died and Edwa d J ohnson , president the People s Trust w to r as . pany , chosen fi l l the vacancy H e se ved fai thfu l l y 1 6 r 90 . unti l h is death i n , when Cha les A Boody , h is successor R i n the Trust Company , took h is place . H on . E l ij ah . Kennedy was elected trustee . Stren uous and successfu l effort was made th is year to raise the amoun t l acki ng of the necessa ry F to make u p the when the ederal , State and Ci ty appropriat ions m i ght be granted . re I n 1903 General Ki ng was appoi nted sole counsel . I t was at solved a special meeti ng to i ncorporate the Association , and the 4t h 1 903 i ncorporation was effected May , , wi th the fol lowi ng

: . . . . directors H on Cornel i us N Bl iss , H on Wi l l iam Berri , Mr

r R . . . . J . Charles T Barney , , obert D Benedict , H on Wi l l i am B

D . . . . avenport , H on S M Griswold , General Thomas H H ub

H on. R . a H on. bard , Edward J ohnson , E l ij ah Kennedy , Gener l

Mrs . . . . H oratio C . Ki ng , H orati o C K i ng , Mr Wi l l i am G Low , P -~ . . . M . . H on . Thomas C l att , Mr Wal ter S Logan , rs Anna B

Snow , H on . Stephen V . Wh i te , Mrs . Stephen V . Wh i te , and

General Stewart L . Woodford . 1903 : P I n J une , , the fol lowi ng officers were elected residen t ,

- R . H on . Stephen V . Wh i te ; Fi rst Vice Presiden t , H on . E l ij ah

- Mrs . . . . Kennedy ; Second Vice Presiden t , E M C Wh i te ; Sec

retar Mrs . y, Esther H oward K i ng ; Treasurer , Edward J ohnson ; of and Counsel , General H oratio C . Ki ng . U pon the death

Mrs . Wh i te , her daughter , Mrs . J enn ie Wh i te H opki ns , was chosen Second Vice - Presiden t i n her stead ; and u pon the death r w s M . . a of Edward J ohnson , Charles A Boody chosen Treasu rer P to fi l l the vacancy . rior to the ded ication of the mon umen t ,

r : Mrs . . . r the fol lowi ng di ectors died Wh i te , C T Ba ney , Edward

D D . Rev . . J ohnson and Wal ter S . Logan . Newel l Dwi gh t H i l l is , ,

M . R . . H on . J ames H owe , Charles A Boody and rs Jenn ie Wh i te of H opki ns were elected di rectors . Wi th the excepti on those f f named as deceased , the o ficers and di rectors i n o fice at the dedication were as above set forth . PRISON SHIP MARTYRS ’ MONU MENT 61

E fforts were i ncreased to raise more money . Contri but ions were made through al l of the di rectors unti l the sum of r r was deposi ted wi th the T easu er . No h istory of th is Associat ion wou ld be complete wi thout speci al men tion of the ti reless devotion of the l ate Vice- President of E l iza M . C . Wh i te , who from the begi nn i ng th is movemen t unt i l her death made i t her dearest wish to see the monumen t r completed . She raised personal ly a g eat deal of money and i n every possi ble way furthered and hel ped the object . H er r to- friends rejoice i n the accompl ishmen t of the g eat work day , she she and hope that , al though is absen t i n the body , views i t al l wi th subl i me feel ings of satisfaction from above .

D H n . uri ng al l these years o . S . V Wh i te had been i ndefatigable

r r . i n push i ng the bi l l before Cong ess , the Legisl atu e and the ci ty r H e gave h is ti me and money l i be al l y , and had the satisfaction of seei ng h i s efforts crowned wi th success . The State bi l ls , wh ich r K were engineered by Gene al i ng , were si gned by Theodore

Roosevel t as Governo r and the Federal bi l l by h i m as President . Now that the were actual l y avai l able , i t was ti me to a consider plans for the mon ument . Accordingly , Mr . Wh i te p r w poi nted a commi ttee , consisti ng of Gene al Ste art L . Wood

H on. r H on E R . R fo d , . l ij ah Kennedy , S . V . Wh i te , Mr . obert D . Benedict and Mrs . H orat io C . Ki ng . Mr . Benedict was Mrs K elected chai rman and . i ng secretary . r r of r They dec ided to secure the se vices of th ee firms a ch i tects , K m Mr : Mc i . viz , Mead and Wh i te , Lord and H ewlett , Woodruff

rr r . Leemi ng , and Ca e e and H astings , who submi tted designs A r — j ury of three expe t artists were selected Messrs . St . Gaudens , On F 3d H enry Bacon and Warren Wh i tney . ebruary a decision r on F sth was rende ed , and ebruary the comm ittee met at the ’

of r a . house the secreta y , where the j u ry s ward was made known The comm ittee and di rectors convened at the house of El ijah R 8th . . Kennedy on February , where the designs were exh i bi ted Mc Kim That recommended by the j ury , that of Messrs . , Mead was and Wh i te , formal l y accepted . The successfu l firm were made the arch i tects i n charge of construction of the monumen t r under the di rect ion of the Gove nment and a comm ission of four , r of the Secreta y of War , Wi l l iam H . Taft ; the Governor N ew

M . York , Charles E . H ughes ; the ayor of the c ity , George B cCl ll n M e a . . ; and the President of the Association , S . V Wh i te ’ 62 PRISON SI I I P MARTYRS MONU M EN T

’

Th is i s , i n brief , a summary of a year s work of the Commission ; on and plans , of many meeti ngs , extensive correspondence visi ts to offici als . I t wou ld seem that now the money was raised and the design selected , al l wou ld go smooth l y on and the monu men t soon be bu i l t , but there was sti l l much to be done by the Com

’

Col. m ission , worki ng first u nder the Government s engineer , Mc i ol Kenz e C . . , and afterward u nder Marshal l The si te had to be surveyed and was graded and changed . N umerous dif fi cu lt ies appeared to prevent a speedy concl usion , but final ly , O 26th 1907 r on ctober , , the corne stone was laid wi th i mpressi ve ceremon ies i n the presence of a vast assemblage of patriotic men r and women . Governor H ughes made a b i l l iant address after President Wh i te had gi ven a sketch of the work of the past r F n i ne yea s . General red D . Grant also spoke , patriot ic songs were sung and al l eyes were gladdened to see the begi n r n i ng of the end of ou dreams . The work progressed u nder the

- . to P J . Carl i n Construction Company , and day the statel y col umn

' rears itself to proclai m to the world that republ ics are not u n S sen gratefu l , even though someti mes l ow to pu t thei r deepest t men r i ts of patriotism i nto i mperishable fo m . The marvelous bravery wi th wh ich these men of long ago suffered and died is rather than betray thei r country now and forever procl ai med , and so long as ti me shall l ast th is shaft wi l l be an object lesson to the men and the women and the youth of Ameri ca .

h o t o ra hed b g p . F . F ole f rom an old r t I H t t y y, p in in t h e L on s la nd is oric al ocie P E g S y. S H OW I N G CO N D I T I O N O F MO N U M E N T CA U S E D BY R I N O U SO N E N U E G A D G F H D AV .

Offi cers

O F T H E

’ Pri son Ship Martyrs Mon ument Association

O f t he U nit ed St at es

Presid ent .

H ON . E J K Y R . E ED LI A H N N .

Fir i e-Pr i s t V c es d ent .

G EN . OR O K H ATI C . I N G .

nd i e-Pr i Sec o V c es d ent . E MR S. E W E OPK J N N I H IT H I N S .

re T as u rer. E B D R S . Y C H A L A OO .

Se c re t ary.

M S. R O . K R H O ATI C I N G .

n Cou s el. B D E H . W M . ON I LLIA AV N POR T .

D i re ct ors . B n i W Mrs . e n e . k i illia erri. o n . H on. W m J H p s

H n. a . . li . B her. o e R o Col. Wi l am C ee c J m s H w e

H n. Eli ah R . K enn Charles A . Bood y . o j ed y .

B D . n. ra i . K H . illi . a en r G e o o in L L . D on W a o . m v p t H t C g ,

E r . E . Mrs . th e K in . M orris U . ly s H g

l . H n. hn ill r n e hen M . ri o d o o M o a . H on. St p G s w J H g

K n. J ohn . Mc eo O m ri F . H ibb ard . S

D . k D h illi D . . Charl s hen . R ev . e ll i e N w e w g t H s , L Sc

Mr . nna B r ok S en o a . bard . s o no . G . Th m s H H u b A s w Articles of Associat ion

O F T H E

’ Prison Ship Martyrs Monument Association

O f t he U nit ed St at es

E AR TI CL I .

N ame .

There is hereby form ed a v olu nt ary Association t o be k no w n ’ as t he Prison Ship M artyrs M onu m ent Associat ion of t he i Un t ed St at es .

E AR TICL II .

Obj ect .

The ob e of t he o ia ion is t o r c re one and t o j ct Ass c t p o u m y, ca e t o be ere ed and fore er ared for a on men at F or u s ct , v c , m u t t Greene Park in the B oro h of B rook l n in t he i and S a e , u g y , c ty t t of New Y ork hi h m a a ro ria el o mem ra e the , w c y pp p t y c m o t heroism and t he pat riotism of thos e brav e m en who d ied from priv ations and d isease on t he prison ships in t he Wallabou t B ay d u rin h f h R e lu i n g t e w ar o t e v o t o .

R E A TICL III . ffi O cers .

The Offi ers of hi so ia ion hall on i of a Pre id en c t s As c t S c s st s t , i e-Pre id en s rea u rer Se re ar and a B oard of tw o V c s t , T s , c t y,

Tru s t ees .

E AR TICL IV .

Tru st ees .

B f ru s shall on i of nin m mb r who The oard o T st ee c s st e e e s , h h her offi ers hall be elec ed at t he fi r ee in of wit t e ot c , s t s t m t g his ss cia ion or at an ad ou rned m ee in t o whi h said fi r t A o t , j t g c st meeting may be adj ourned . ’ 66 PRI SON S HI P MARTYRS MON UMENT

A R TICLE V .

la ifi a i n C ss c t o .

The s aid Tru st ees Sh all classify t he m s elv es int o three class es of hree ea h b lot t he fi r la t o hold o fi e for one ear t c y , st c ss f c y , t he e ond la for t w o ear and the hird la for hree s c c ss y s , t c ss t ear and ea h la shall hold O fi e n il heir e or are y s , c c ss f c u t t s u cc ss s li e ele ct ed and qu a fi d .

AR TICL E VI .

erm f ffi e T o O c .

All other offi cers shall hold offi c e for one year and u ntil t heir a ifi s u cc essors are elect ed and qu l ed .

E AR TICL VII .

Ele ction.

An annu al election shall be held on t he fo u rt h Th u rsd ay of M arch in each year aft er the year eig ht een h u nd red and ninety ei h at hi h im e hall be ho en hree r ee t o er e g t , w c t S c s t T u st s , s v for hree ear and a Pre id n ice-Pre id en rea rer t y s ; s e t , V s ts , T s u , for he n in ear and e re ar t o ser e t e . S c t y , v s u g y

R E A TICL VIII .

Vacancies .

Shou ld any v ac ancy occ u r in the B oard of Tru st ees or other o fi e ro d ea h or o her i e t he B oard of r ee ma fi ll f c f m t t w s , T u st s y h a an n il t he ne ann al ele ion herea er and s u c v c cy u t xt u ct t ft , i has b een e ed and alifi e u nt l a s u cc essor el ct qu d .

R E ' A TICL I . B Ad visory oard .

hi o ia ion m a b it s B - a t o b e herea er d l T s Ass c t y, y y L w s ft u y ena ed ro id e for an d i or B oard and for a iliar board ct , p v A v s y , ux y s hrou h w hi h t o e end and enlar e it s w ork and m a ro id e t g c xt g , y p v for and appoint all s u ch co m mit t ees as m ay s eem u s efu l in t he aff ir cond u ct of it s a s . E AR TICL '.

Offi ce .

The principal place of b u siness of this Association shall be PRISON SHIP MARTYRS , MONU MENT 67

in the B oro h of Brookl n in the o n of K in in he a e u g y , C u ty g s , t St t f o New Y ork .

R E 'I A TIC L .

M e r hi m be s p.

Any person of g ood moral charact er m ay bec om e a m e m ber of hi So ie on t he a en of one d ollar t o t he rea rer t s c ty u p p ym t T s u , en in na h S r r and s d g m e t o t e ec e t a y.

R E ' A TICL I I .

Cou nsel.

There m ay b e chos en by t he B oard of Tru st ees a C ou nsel and an o n el w ho Shall be men learned in t he law Assi st t C u s , and of e inen a rio i w illin t o er e t he o ia ion as m t p t t s m , g s v Ass c t , h fi r i h n a i n Shall all r o e o o e o . ot e f c s , w t u t c m p s t

B y - L a w s

O F T H E

’ Prison ShipMartyrs Monument Association

O f t he U nit ed St at es

OF F ICER S .

e a Pre id en tw o i e The offi c ers of the Association Shallb s t , V c

i n rea rer and e re ar . Pres d e t s , T s u , S c t y

PR ESI D EN T .

id e at all ee I t shall be the d u ty of the Presid ent t o pres m t i i n and E e i e C o i ee t o i n all ing s of t he Assoc at o x c u t v m m t t , S g n in b ehal of t he o ia ion c ert ifi c at es and leg al inst ru m e t s f Ass c t , and ack nowled g e and d eliv er t he sam e . i and T o c all spe cial m ee ting s of t he Ex e c u tiv e Co m m t t ee B ard and s hall d o so hen here n o re ired b Ad visory o , w t u t qu y

fi ve (5 ) Tru st ees in w riting . ’ PRI SON S HIP MARTYRS MONUMENT

- E D E VICE PR SI NTS.

I t shall be t he d u ty of the Vic e-Presid ent s t o assist the Presid ent in his or her d u ties ; and act in his or her plac e in r n his or he abse c e .

E ER TR ASUR .

shallbe t he d of t he reas rer t o olle all d e d eb It u ty T u s c ct u s , ts , and s u bscriptions not otherw ise c ollect ed ; t o d eposit all m oneys in t he name of t he Association in a b ank or ot her m oneyed instit u tion approv ed by t he Ex e c u t iv e Com m it t ee ; t o k eep a d et ailed acc o u nt of re c eipt s and expend it u res ; t o s end rec eipt s t o the respe ctiv e c ollect ors and others for all m oneys re c eiv ed rom he and t o a all bill a er he ha e been a ro f t m , p y s ft t y v pp v ed h i H e or She hall al k a by t e Exe cu tiv e Co m m t t ee . s so eep r n in h ia i n rec ord of prope ty belo g g t o t e Assoc t o .

E E'ECUTIVE COM M ITTE .

here Shall b e an E e i e om i ee o o ed of the T x c u t v C m tt , c m p s offi er of t he o ia ion the hair en of t he e eral com c s Ass c t , c m s v m itt ees and hree t o be ele ed b t he B oar . , t ct y d

E OR D ER OF B U SI N SS .

R ead ing of Minu t es of t he previou s m eeting . i i Com m u n c at ons .

R eports of Offi c ers .

R eports of Co m m it t ees . o i n n M t o s a d R es olu t ions . B Misc ellaneou s u siness .

A M EN D M ENTS .

Thes e By-L aw s m ay be al t ered or a m end ed w it hou t notic e at an ad o rned m ee in f hi nn al m ee in of 1899 and y j u t g o t s a u t g , ’ herea er at an re lar or lle m ee in t en d a no i e of t ft y g u ca d t g , ys t c the propos ed chang e having been g iv en by m ail t o t he Tru st ees at heir la k n n l f t st o w p ac es o resid enc e . Membe rs of t he Soc iety

x Mr E hee eb r u h e er s . C s o o . . A l and , li za g , Miss L A e M Mr r rs . . . s . . And ws , G B Clapp , Dwight L R re . . r ev . . . And ws , Miss J K Cla k , L M wen en er . . C o hov e Av i l l , Miss M J , Miss Kat

e Mrs . E . . e r Al l n , B Chapman , Col . H n y

Mr . . Mrs . e r Abbott , Wm Chapman , H n y V n . e r e re Mr . G e e a s o. . Al l n , F B at ic Co y , H

n. r e G e . . r r Ba n s , A C Ch isty , Howa d C .

G eo. . r . r er . B ow , V C ossman , J H

r E r . r e Mrs . . . Bi dsal l , n st W C ossman , J H M r rs . E . . Bi dsal l , W Cu mmi ngs , A mos J .

Mr . e e r s . . B am , H n y Cu m mi ngs , A J e r M r e Mr . r S s e rs . . B am , H n y Cla k , Ma y n rr o e r G e . N . . Bu , Miss L tti Cu tis , M

rr E Mrs . E . Bu , Miss dith Conant , l la M e r S Mrs . e . e Mrs . . E Bul kl y , H n y Colton , l l n M M re er r Mr e e rs . e s . . T . B ld n , F d ick Cla k , W M M rs . e e rs . . N . Bliss , A manda Cl m nt , D r Mr Mr . . e s . . . n er s . Bu k , Wm C Co ov , W A

Mrs . . . e . ee er . B ch , H B Cas , Miss M A D e Beech er, Col . W . C Wolf , Joh n D . . a Mrs . . ee er Mrs . P B ch . W C y, Augustus

G eo. . r e Mrs . . . r D r. S B ush , W Du y a , B

Mr . G eo. e r . . . r s . B ush , W Dav npo t , Hon Wm B

Mr . r M . S rr rs . . s . . Bai d , Wm Da ow , C L R r . Mrs . . . Ba man , Adol ph H Davidson , J

J r. Boody , Hon . David A . Douglas , J . M . M Mrs . . . e rs . . . Boody , D A Dodg , H A

Mrs . . . r Mrs . . . e e r Blancha d , J A Di f ndo f , J J

M D n r ck Mr. r . Brookfi eld , s Wm . o t i , J . W . D n i r Mrs . . o t r ck Mrs . . . Bush B own , H . K , J W

Mr S r M . r r . . . rs e Boo man , H Da wi n , Cha l s C

r Mrs . e e . Boo man , D an , Miss Alic B

r Mrs . . . r e R . er S B own , Jam s D ap , J

rr . . r rr e . Bu ows , W A D i ng , Ca i C R E r e r e e Mrs . . . e B adl , A a l , H n y E r Mr r r e Mr . e er . s Bi tt , Ka l a l , H n y

n E er . . Baz i . . g , G W m y , Jos H r re S R ffi Mrs . S P e . . Co n , tu gis u ,

F u r e . . . S . e M S R e Mr rs . . Cogsw l l , s W , 7 0 PRISON S HIP MARTYRS ’ MONU M ENT

Mr . Fu ree e . s n , Miss Anni D H ul l , Washi ngto M e rs . N r . Foot , ancy M . H ul l , Ca l L M r rs . . . J r. Fai banks , C W H ul l , Washi ngton ,

e . E . lre e Foy , J H u ll , Miss n r M H al l . e rs . r . E Fost , Ma tha W , Hagaman M r . . . e rs . R Fai banks , Hon C W H ogu t , uth H . r r S e . r . O . F az , Miss usan C Ha t , W

r r R Mr . P . e s e e . G ay , cy Hanna , B ssi B

r Mr . . Mr . Per R . I s s . G ay , cy Hanna , H r lbelhauser e r Mrs . . P . Gi an , J , H n y

M . l Mr r. . Gi l es , Joh n C ddi ngs , s C . F .

. . E r Gi lston , Miss M A Johnson , dwa d

. S . . r n M s . r e e . G iswo ld , Hon M Josc ly , Alic L

ree e Mr. R . . e er er G n , H Ja g s , Alb t

R . Mrs . ree e Mrs . . E G n , H J oh nson , m ma C .

Mr. . . ree e . E . G n , Wm V Joh nson , Miss F

Mr . r . Mr re e s s . Gi tch l l , F an k H Jacobs , And w Mr r G ambert s . G en. . , A lonzo Ki ng , Ho atio C

Mr . . . r er s . Mrs . G ang , Joh n C Ki ng , H C M R J o e e . . . r er r. e E Ga dn , K n n dy , Hon

S e M . R . e Mr. . . e rs . E Gi l s , W K nn dy ,

Mr. e r Mr . S . e e S . E Howa d , K nn dy , idn y

M . e r . . S S R rs E e . Howa d , K nn dy , Miss usan

e Mrs . e R . enne e r How , Jam s K dy , L ona d

r M S r . E e rs . H i n man , dwa d Ki nn y , a a L

r Mrs . E e . e Hoyt , Cha l s A K mpton , dwi n

Mr . . s . Hoyt , C . A . Knowlton , A C

M Mr. r . e rs . er n Hal y , Al b t Lu pto , F ank M

e y Mrs . r . Hal y , Miss Luc Lupton . F ank M

Mrs . e r Mrs . r Holb ook , Loth op , Dani l

Mr. r . nd Mr . e Mr. a s e Hanway , John L mi ng , Wood uff f Mrs . r r r . ee Howa d , F ank W L mi ng , Wood u f

r Mrs . E r D r. N . . e H i ll is , D Lau t bach , dwa d

Mrs . N . . . . H i ll is , D Long , Hon Joh n D

Mrs . . Mrs . . . H u mmi ng , J A Long , Joh n D E r Hopki ns , L . C . Langstaff, dwa d

Mrs . e e Mrs . r e Hopki ns , F ankli n L igh , Jos phi n

C harles R . er Mr. . . Hold , Wm D Lamb ,

Mr . r e . er Mrs . . . s Hold , Wm D Li ppitt , Cha l s W

Mrs . T . . H oe Mrs . R er , ob t Lyons , hos B

er S . . S e Mrs . . H l muth , Wm Logan , Walt

Litchfleld Mr. E . . Mr. . . , B H iggi ns , F W

Mr . . . Mrs . er s Hopki ns , Luth Mi l ls , Wm L

M Lane Mrs . Mrs . e . c e , Don ld Hal , Jos ph C a

r Mrs . E . S . . r . . H owa d , W Mayna d , Wm L

M e r R . r S r S . r rs . Howa d , Miss a ah Mal lo y , H n y

Mrs . . . e e S R . r ti n , F H tz l , Miss usan Ma A

D e . Mu n riond o P. Mr. n H ull , Washi ng to g , M

’ 72 PRI SON S HIP MARTYRS MONUM EN T

Mr . S e re e . e s . . Whit , V Whit , Cla nc M Mr r Mrs . E e er r . . . Walwo th , ll n Wat bu y , J L M oo Mr. . . er r rs . . . W d , Wm C Wat bu y , J L

rren Mrs . T r . Mrs . . . Wood , Wm C Wa , acy B M r Mr R . ee rs . e . o . . . Wo d , W C W d , Walt H

. S o . . r . . Walt n , Miss F H Woodfo d , Ho n L

Mr r Mrs . S . . s . Wal ton , Woodfo d , L

Mrs . T . r S . e . W l l man , B Woodfo d , Miss Mr P Mrs ...... Wi l l iams , J H Watki ns , L

M er Ben R . r. . . e Wi l liams , J H W st n , M e E e rs . . Washi ngton , Miss ug nia You ng , Jos ph e e Walton , Miss Jos phi n C O N T E N T S

E I T I O N 1 908 D D CA , .

Thomas Walsh .

. T Hon Wi l l iam H . aft E . e r Hon Lu k . W ight r N Esth e Ki ng o rto n . E r e . Hon . Cha l s H ugh es M . G w an P . . c Hon F o .

e . C hal n H on . Dani l F o a

e . Hon . M icha l J

R ER - S N I 1 90 O N TO E N 7 . C LAY G ,

R ev . e Pray er. N w el l Dwight H i l lis

R e r S . e . ma ks . Hon . . V Whit e R ar G n r . e . . . . m ks . F D G ant

re s . . r e Add s H on Cha l es E . H ugh s

P r er. R e E c r ay v . . W . Mc a thy

O S E U I ES 1900 B ' , .

P a R ev N . . r er. . y . D H i l lis R R e r- r emarks . a Admi al Phi l i p

Add ress . Hon . John D . Long r d . n S . . G e . Add ress . L Woodfo

H . on. Add ress . A mos J Cu m mi ngs

I S E N EO U S M C LLA .

’ Fox s Sto ry of t he J ersey

’ P S r r e t he S e re r rison hi p Ma ty s Monu m nt by c ta y .

M r . . rs . H o atio C Ki ng Soci ety of Old B rooklyni t es O ffic ers of t he Association

A rticl es of Association . By- Laws of t he Associat ion

M emb ers of t he Soci ety .