52083-002: Malolos-Clark Railway Project

Environmental Monitoring Report

Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Report No. 1 March 2020

PHI: Malolos-Clark Railway Project – Tranche 1 Volume V

September 2019 – March 2020

Prepared by the Project Management Office (PMO) of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) for the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank.

CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 March 2020)

Currency unit – Philippine Peso (PHP) PHP1.00 = $0.02 $1.00 = PHP50.96

ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BMB – Biodiversity Management Bureau Brgy – Barangay CCA – Climate Change Adaptation CCC – Climate Change Commission CDC – Clark Development Corporation CEMP – Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CENRO – City/Community Environment and Natural Resources Office CIA – Clark International Airport CIAC – Clark International Airport Corporation CLLEx – Central Luzon Link Expressway CLUP – Comprehensive Land Use Plan CMR – Compliance Monitoring Report CMVR – Compliance Monitoring and Validation Report CNO – Certificate of No Objection CPDO – City Planning and Development Office DAO – DENR Administrative Order DD / DED – Detailed Design Stage / Detailed Engineering Design Stage DENR – Department of Environment and Natural Resources DepEd – Department of Education DIA – Direct Impact Area DILG – Department of Interior and Local Government DOH – Department of Health DOST – Department of Science and Technology DOTr – Department of Transportation DPWH – Department of Public Works and Highways DSWD – Department of Social Welfare and Development DTI – Department of Trade and Industry EA – Executing Agency ECA – Environmentally Critical Area ECC – Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP – Environmentally Critical Project EGF – Environmental Guarantee Fund EHS – Environmental Health and Safety EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EIS – Environmental Impact Statement EISR – Environmental Impact Statement Report EMB – Environmental Management Bureau EMF – Environmental Monitoring Fund EMoP – Environmental Monitoring Plan EMP – Environmental Management Plan

ENRO – Environment and Natural Resources Officer EQPL – Environmental Quality Performance Level ERA – Environmental Risk Assessment ERP – Emergency Response Plan ESRD – Environment, Social and ROW Division EU – Environmental Unit FAM – Facility Administration Manual FMB – Forest Management Bureau GAF – Grievance Action Form GCR – Greater Capital Region GPS – Global Positioning System GRM – Grievance Redress Mechanism IEC – Information Education and Communication IEE – Initial Environmental Examination IFC – International Finance Corporation IIA – Indirect Impact Area IRR – Implementing Rules and Regulations ISF – Informal Settler Families JDT – JICA Design Team JICA – Japan International Cooperation Agency LGU – Local Government Unit LIAC – Local Inter-Agency Committee LRT – Light Rail Transit LRTA – Light Rail Transit Authority MCLUPZO – Manila City Comprehensive Land Use Plan and Zoning Ordinance MCRP – Malolos Clark Railway Project MCRRS – Manila-Clark Rapid Railways System MENRO – Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Office MGB – Mines and Geosciences Bureau MMDA – Metro Manila Development Authority MMSP – Metro Manila Subway Project MMT – Multipartite Monitoring Team MNTC – Manila North Tollways Corporation MOA – Memorandum of Agreement MPDO – Municipal Planning and Development Office MRT – Metro Rail Transit NAMRIA – National Mapping and Resource Information Authority NCCA – National Commission for Culture and the Arts NCR – National Capital Region NECP – Non-Environmentally Critical Project NGO – Non-Government Organization NHA – National Housing Authority NHCP – National Historical Commission of the Philippines NLEX – North Luzon Expressway NLRC – North Luzon Railways Corporation NM – National Museum NSCR – North South Commuter Railway Project NSCR EX – North South Commuter Railway Extension Project

NSRP – North South Railway Project NTP – Notice to Proceed ODA – Overseas Development Assistance OSH – Occupational Safety and Health PAF – Project Affected Families PAP – Project Affected Persons PD – Presidential Decree PEISS – Philippine Environmental Impact Statement System PEMAPS – Project Environmental Monitoring and Audit Prioritization Scheme PENRO – Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office PEPRMP – Programmatic Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan PH – Public Hearing PMO – Project Management Office PNP – Philippine National Police PNR – Philippine National Railways PNSC – Philippine National Structural Code PO – People Organizations PPE – Personal Protective Equipment PRI – Philippine Railway Institute RA – Republic Act RAP – Resettlement Action Plan RHU – Rural Health Unit RIC – RAP Implementation Committee ROW – Right-of-Way SB – Sangguniang Bayan SCPW – Society for the Conservation of Philippine Wetlands Inc. SCTEX – Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway SDP – Social Development Plan SMR – Self-Monitoring Report SPS – Safeguard Policy Statement STPP – Sucat Thermal Power Plant SWMP – Solid Waste Management Plan TIA – Traffic Impact Assessment TMS – Train Management System TOR – Terms of Reference UNDP – United Nations Development Program UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

NOTE{S} (i) In this report, "$" refers to United States dollars

This environmental monitoring report is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

Figure 7.2. Issues for Traffic Management in Malolos, Bulacan

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-4

Figure 7.3. Issues for Traffic Management in Calumpit, Bulacan

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-5

7.2 PROVINCE OF PAMPANGA

The traffic surveys were conducted at the municipalities of Apalit, San Simon, Minalin, Santo Tomas, San Fernando, Angeles and Mabalacat including the Clark Freeport Zone. The Province of Pampanga will house the following railway stations: Apalit Station, San Fernando Station, Angeles Station, Clark Station and Clark International Airport Station. Four casting yards and the depot will also be in the province during the construction period.

Figure 7.4. Province of Pampanga

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-6

Fourteen out of the 30 survey intersections located in Pampanga have acceptable levels of service considering their current unoptimized signal programs. The highest number of construction vehicles can be accommodated by N29A (Manuel A. Roxas/CMAR/1st St) while the lowest among those analyzed is N13 (MacArthur Hwy / Baliti Road) in San Fernando. When NSCR already operates, it is also N26 (Gil Puyat Ave / Clark East Perimeter Road) that can accommodate the most feeder traffic while the least is N15 (MacArthur Hwy / Santo Entiero St) in Angeles City.

Table 7.3. Study Intersections in Pampanga Construction Operation Existing Period Period Large Un Un Trucks Un Margin Name Intersection Name LGU Opt Opt Margin Opt (6AM to opt opt (10PM to opt 10PM) 6AM) N04 MacArthur Hwy/ Apalit - Macabebe- Apalit F F F F 17,433 F F 3,761 Masantol Road N05 MacArthur Hwy/ Quezon Road San Simon C C C C 21,068 D D N06 MacArthur Hwy/ Sta Maria Minalin C B C B 6,640 C B N07 MacArthur Hwy/ Municipal Rd Santo Tomas E E F F 40,686 F F N08 Capitol Blvd/ Pedro Gil St San Fernando F F F F F F N09 MacArthur Hwy/ Jose Abad Santos Avenue San Fernando F F F F 11,182 F F 2,168 N10 MacArthur Hwy/ Lazatin Blvd San Fernando F E F E 42,307 F F N11 MacArthur Hwy/ San Isidro-Alasas Road San Fernando C C C C 51,740 D D N12 MacArthur Hwy/ Maligaya San Fernando F F F E 18,321 F F N13 MacArthur Hwy/ Baliti Road San Fernando F F F F 6,892 F F N14 MacArthur Hwy/ Santo Rosario St Angeles A A A A A A 34,677 N15 MacArthur Hwy/ Santo Entiero St Angeles F F F F 27,171 F F 432 N16 MacArthur Hwy/ Jake Gonzales Blvd Angeles E E E E 39,119 E E N17A MacArthur Hwy/ Manuel A. Roxas St. Angeles F F F F 48,126 F F N17B MacArthur Hwy/ 1st Street Angeles F F F F 48,209 F F N18 MacArthur Hwy/ Dau Access Road Mabalacat E C E C 24,619 F D N19A MacArthur Hwy/ Mabiga EB Mabalacat D D D D 25,129 F F N19B MacArthur Hwy/ Mabiga WB Mabalacat D D D D 26,591 F F N20 MacArthur Hwy/ Sta Ines Interchange Mabalacat F F F F 19,101 F F N21 MacArthur Hwy/ Dolores Interchange Mabalacat C B C C 22,100 E E N24 Prince Balagtas Ave / Clark North Exit Mabalacat A A A A 22,094 A A N25 Prince Balagtas Ave / Sacobia River Bridge Mabalacat A A A A 26,988 B B N26 Gil Puyat Ave / Clark East Perimeter Road Mabalacat A A A A 68,210 A A 69,517 N27 Claro M. Recto Hwy/ A. Bonifacio Ave Mabalacat B C B B 35,659 B B 32,784 N28 SCTEX Clark South Interchange Exit Angeles A A A A B B N29A Manuel A. Roxas/CMAR/1st St Angeles E C E C 104,631 F E 23,842

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-7

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Malolos - Clark Green City (CGC)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Construction Operation Existing Period Period Large Un Un Trucks Un Margin Name Intersection Name LGU Opt Opt Margin Opt (6AM to opt opt (10PM to opt 10PM) 6AM) N29B 1st St/ CMAR Angeles F F F F 12,710 F F - N30 21st Street/ Narciso Ave Angeles C B C B C C N31 Fil Am Friendship Hwy/ Sampaguita Ave Angeles C C C C C C N32 Arayat Rd / Richtofen St Angeles E E E E F F

7.2.2 Issues for Traffic Management

Table 7.4. Traffic Management Matrix - Pampanga Survey Issue Traffic Management Measure Location N11 Presence of side Contain the presence of side vendors such as they do not impede vendors traffic flow. N11, N21 Parked vehicles along Clear MacArthur Highway of parked vehicles. Towing of illegally Macarthur Highway parked vehicles should be enforced. N30 High pedestrian traffic Improvement of pedestrian facilities such as wide sidewalks and along Fields Avenue footbridges where necessary should be planned to contain the movement of pedestrians. N20, N32 Presence of make-shift Restrict tricycles and e-bikes from plying along MacArthur Highway tricycle terminal and provide alternative routes. N14, N15, Presence of jaywalkers Contain the movement of pedestrians through an anti-jaywalking N16 policy and improvement of pedestrian facilities. N18 Rampant loading/ Formal loading / unloading stops a few meters before the unloading of buses and intersection should be provided for public transport utility vehicles PUJs to reduce roadside friction. Buses should only load/unload at the terminal.

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-8

Figure 7.5. Issues for Traffic Management in Apalit, Pampanga

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-9

Figure 7.6. Issues for Traffic Management in the Towns of Minalin, Santo Tomas and San Simon SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-10

Figure 7.7. Issues for Traffic Management in the City of San Fernando

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-11

Figure 7.8. Issues for Traffic Management in Angeles City

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-12

Figure 7.9. Issues for Traffic Management in Mabalacat City

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-13

7.3 BAMBAN, TARLAC

N23 (MacArthur Hwy / unnamed road) is already near its capacity until the construction period if it remains unoptimized. If the signal in this intersection is optimized, it can accommodate 15,786 additional large trucks during the construction period and the levels of service during the construction and operation period will be at B and C respectively.

Table 7.5. Study Intersection in Bamban

Existing Construction Period Operation Period Name Intersection Name Unopt Opt Unopt Opt Large Unopt Opt Trucks Margin (10PM to 6AM) N23 MacArthur Hwy/ unnamed road E E E B 15,786 F C

7.4 SUBIC BAY FREEPORT ZONE

Three intersections at the Subic Freeport Zone were counted with SU2 (Rizal Hwy / Maritan Hwy) and SU3 (Argonaut Hwy) having acceptable levels of service up to the construction period. The traffic signal programs of all three intersections need to be optimized in order to increase their respective capacities and minimize vehicle delays.

Table 7.6. Study Intersections in Subic Freeport Zone

Existing Construction Operation Period Period Name Intersection Name Unopt Opt Unopt Opt Unopt Opt SU1 Rizal Hwy/ Argonaut Hwy F D F D F F SU2 Rizal Hwy/ Maritan Hwy C C C C F F SU3 Argonaut Hwy / Maritan Hwy B A B A F F

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7-14

Environmental Monitoring Report

Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Report No. 1 March 2020

Appendix J: NSCR EX PMO Organizational Chart

PHI: Malolos-Clark Railway Project – Tranche 1

Prepared by the Project Management Office (PMO) of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) for the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank. Appendix H: NSCR-EX PMO Organizational Chart

Environmental Monitoring Report

Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Report No. 1 March 2020

Appendix K: General Consideration for the SDP (SC)

PHI: Malolos-Clark Railway Project – Tranche 1

CATEGORY ISSUE AND CONCERN PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN

 Blocking and/or closure of access roads  Preparation of traffic impact assessments (major, barangay, private and farm-to- (TIA) and implementation of traffic market roads) management plan  Road space reduced  Preparation and implementation of transit- Public Access  Pedestrian crossings and alleys affected oriented development (TOD) plans for areas  Heavy road traffic during railway around railway stations construction and operation (e.g.,  Preparation and implementation of traffic transportation of construction management and community access plan materials)  Drainage systems affected  Drainage and flooding designs in  Water supply infrastructure affected consideration of flood levels and existing  Damage to existing drainage systems drainage capacities Hydrogeology due to construction  Construction of drainage facilities along the  Flooding due to clogged drainage right-of-way (ROW) which have the same or canals or low drainage capacity larger capacity to the existing ones  River improvement

 Utilities and infrastructure affected,  Coordination with LGUs and utility companies e.g., streetlights, power lines and regarding compensation and replacement of Basic buildings affected utilities and infrastructure infrastructure  Inventory of all directly affected utilities and and services infrastructure (e.g., electric posts, streetlights and irrigation canals)

 Encroachment to the project site  Provision of safety and security measures  Salvageable materials in affected (e.g., fencing of project ROW, designation of properties security guards around the ROW) Public order  Implementation of an agreement to demolish and remove improvements (ADRI) stating the details of demolition

 Old structures and stations located  Preparation and implementation of a within the right-of-way preservation plan for historic structures  Old structures that will be affected by  Conduct of archaeological impact assessment Cultural the vibration caused by construction  Assessment of vibration vulnerability of heritage activities structures and adaptation of low vibration technology for construction machinery and technique

 Consideration of PWDs for the design  Consideration of the people needing special of stations care (PWD, senior citizens) in station design Gender and  Accessibility for senior citizens and provision of facilities such as wheelchair development ramps, railings, toilets, elevators, etc.  Prioritization on job employment PAGE 1

NORTH-SOUTH COMMUTER RAILWAY CLARK EXTENSION PROJECT GENERAL SOCIAL CONSIDERATIONS INTEGRATED IN PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN

CATEGORY ISSUE AND CONCERN PROJECT PLANNING AND DESIGN

 Closure of access roads going to  Preparation and implementation of traffic schools impact assessment (TIA) Children’s rights  Transfer of students to a different  Coordination with concerned agency (DePEd, school from schools affected by the CHED) project  Allocation of traffic enforcers

 Ancestral domains to be traversed by  Compliance to National Commission on the project Indigenous Peoples (NCIP) Certificate of Non- Indigenous Overlap people  Cultural Resources Protection and Preservation

 Disposal of construction waste  Preparation and implementation of a waste Waste management plan Management  Spoils management and disposal  Solid and liquid waste management

 Air pollution caused by construction  Plan preparation implementation based on activities WHO noise standards including the following:  Degradation of water quality  Dust and emission control plan  Noise and vibration caused by  Noise control plan construction activities and operation  Vibration management protocol (scheduling  Spread of HIV brought about by influx of construction activities according to nearby Health and of external laborers sensitive receptors; construction of noise safety  Occupational hazards in railway barriers; and, purchase/ maintenance of industry equipment to lower noise generation  Preparation and implementation of occupational safety and project personnel health program  Conduct of personnel training and awareness program

 Temporary/permanent loss of  Prioritization of PAPs and the vulnerable for business/ employment/livelihood construction-related jobs Employment during construction and operation  Preparation and implementation of livelihood and income restoration programs for direct  Displacement of small-time vendors PAPs

 Environmental grievances/complaints  Preparation and implementation of a on the project grievance redress mechanism (GRM) for Grievance environmental concerns  Setup and operation of DOTr help desks in affected LGUs

SOURCE: JICA DESIGN TEAM PAGE 2

Environmental Monitoring Report

Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Report No. 1 March 2020

Appendix L: Waste Management Plan (SC)

PHI: Malolos-Clark Railway Project – Tranche 1

Prepared by the Project Management Office (PMO) of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) for the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank.

WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN for the North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

August 2019

Department of Transportation (DOTr)

Prepared by:

WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. THE PROJECT 1 2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 2 2.1. Objectives of the Project Waste Management Plan 2 2.2. Scope 3 Exclusions 4 2.3. Approach and Methodology 4 Approach to Waste Minimization 4 Methodology 5 3. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE 6 3.1. Relationship to Environmental Impact Assessment 6 3.2. National Laws and Regulations 6 Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Waste Management 6 DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 2016-08: Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standard and Related Standards 6 RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management 8 LGU Solid Waste Management Plans 10 DAO 2019-17: Chemical Control Order for Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds 14 DAO 2014-02: Revised Guidelines for Pollution Control Officer Accreditation 14 DAO 2013-24: Chemical Control Order for Lead and Lead Compounds 15 DAO 2013-22 Management of Toxic and Hazardous Waste and Related Standards 15 DAO 2000-02: Chemical Control Order on Asbestos 16 DAO 2004-01: Chemical Control Order for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) 16 DAO 1997-39: Chemical Control Order for Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds 16 DAO 1997-38: Chemical Control Order for Mercury and Mercury Compounds 16 MC 2008-008 - Effluent Quality Monitoring Manual 17 3.3. Implications for Waste Management Plans 17 4. WASTE STREAMS 17 4.1. Introduction 17 4.2. Pre-construction 17 Tree Clearance and Disposal 17 Clearance of Other Houses Building on the ROW or Expanded ROW 18 Clearance of ISF Housing 18 Residual Waste on the ROW 19 Hazardous Waste on the ROW 19 Summary of Pre-Construction Waste Streams and Process 19 4.3. Construction 21 Contracts 21 Grubbing Operation 21

Page i WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

Excavations Waste (Spoil) 21 Solid Waste 22 Liquid Waste 23 Hazardous Waste 24 Electrical and Mechanical Installation (E&M) 25 Summary of Construction Phase Solid Waste Streams 25 4.4. Operation Phase 26 Introduction 26 Solid Waste 26 Liquid Waste 27 Hazardous Waste 27 Summary 27 5. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 29 5.1. Purpose 29 5.2. Institutional Arrangements 29 Pre-construction 29 Construction 29 Operation 31

LIST OF TABLES Table 1-1 Responsible Parties 2 Table 2-1 Waste Management Responsibility by Project Phase 3 Table 3-1 Waterbody Classification and Usage of Freshwater 7 Table 3-2 Water Quality Guidelines for Primary Parameters 7 Table 3-3 Significant Effluent Quality Parameters (Edited to Relevant Rows) 8 Table 3-4 Category of Landfill Types 9 Table 3-5 Domestic/ Commercial Waste Stream Facilities by LGU 11 Table 4-1 Tree Count Survey 18 Table 4-2 Summary of Pre -Construction Waste Streams 20 Table 4-4 Spoil Excavation Construction Build 22 Table 4-5 Estimate of Solid Waste Produced per Employee (2025) 23 Table 4-6 Summary of Construction Waste Streams 25 Table 4-7 Summary of Waste Streams Operations 27 Table 5-1 Example Waste Reporting Table 30 Table 5-2 Generic Conversion of waste volume to weight 31

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 Alignment and LGU Boundary 1 Figure 2-1 Waste Management Hierarchy 5 Figure 3-1 Classification of Solid Wastes based on RA 9003 9 Figure 3-2 Hazardous Waste Label 16

Page ii WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX A. List of Accredited Hazardous Waste Transporters in NCR 2 APPENDIX B. List of Residual Waste Transporters and Landfill Facilities in Region 4A 3 APPENDIX C. Examples of Self Monitoring Forms 4

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LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations CALABARZON Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal and Quezon; Region 4A NCR National Capital Region

Acronyms ACMs Asbestos-Containing Materials BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CCO Chemical Control Order COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CMR Compliance Monitoring Report (a condition of the ECC) DAO Department Administrative Order DBH Diameter at Breast Height (diameter of a tree at 1.5m high) DENR Department of Environment DOTr Department of Transportation ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau HW Hazardous Wastes JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LGU Local Government Unit (City, Municipality or Barangay) MC Memorandum Circular NCR National Capital Region NSWMC National Solid Waste Management Commission PPE Personal Protective Equipment PSIC Philippine Standard Industrial Classification Code. RA Republic Act SWMP Solid Waste Management Plan (LGU Plan) TSD Treatment / Storage / Disposal WEEE Waste Electrical, Electronic Equipment WMP Waste Management Plan

Page i WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Proponent The proponent is taken to mean the Proponent (DOTR) or the proponent’s agent the General Consultants (GC), also called The Engineer in project specifications for the construction phase. EIA/ EIS In this document EIA refers to the process of Environmental Impact Assessment and the EIS to the final report or “statement”

USEFUL WEB LINKS

EMB Water Quality https://emb.gov.ph/laws-and-policies-water-quality- Management management/ http://water.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=396 EMB Solid Waste https://emb.gov.ph/laws-and-policies-solid-waste-management- Management 3/ EMB Hazardous Waste https://emb.gov.ph/laws-and-policies-hazardous-waste- Management management/ DENR Hazardous Waste https://emb.gov.ph/9482-2/ Management (Forms) EMB Online Permitting https://opms.emb.gov.ph/accounts/login/ DENR Recognised https://opms.emb.gov.ph/browse/laboratories Environmental Laboratories NCR, List of Classified http://water.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=809 Waterbodies Region 4A, List of Classified http://water.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=761 Waterbodies What a Waste 2.0 (World https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17388 Bank 2018)

Page ii WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

1. THE PROJECT 1. The proposed North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project or NSCR Calamba Extension alignment will traverse 10 cities.

2. A depot will be located between Mamatid (in Cabuyao) and Calamba Stations. The alignment of the Project is to follow the currently operational PNR route, except at Sucat where a deviation to the former Sucat Thermal Power Station site is made.

3. The route is shown in Figure 1-1.

Figure 1-1 Alignment and LGU Boundary Source: EISR of NSCR-Ex (Solis-Blumentritt-Calamba Section) Project, 2019

4. The South Line runs through 10 cities that fall within the regional jurisdictions of National Capital Region (Metro Manila) and Region 4A (CALABARZON).

5. Table 1-1 shows the different LGU’s hosting the project construction works. As outlined in 3.2.3 below the LGU creates and manages a 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan for its jurisdiction.

Page 1 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

Table 1-1 Responsible Parties

DENR- Construction Project Local Government Unit EMB Package Chainage1 (LGU)/ City Region

Office CP S-01 1+329-2+405 Manila CP S-02 2+405-10+314 Manila, CP S-03a 10+314-14+800 Makati, Taguig NCR Taguig, Parañaque, CP S-03b 14+800-25+418 Muntinlupa NCR and CP S-04 25+418-33+957 Muntinlupa, San Pedro Region 4A San Pedro, Biñan City, CP S-05 33+957-46+730 Santa Rosa City, Cabuyao City Region 4A Cabuyao City, Calamba CP S-06 46+730-56+952 City 1 Shows station to station chainage. Project boundary is between stations.

2. OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE 2.1. OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN

6. As part of the compliance to ECC conditions for the NSCR-Ex, DOTr is required to ”submit detailed waste management program for proper handling, collection and disposal of solid, hazardous and liquid waste to EMB Central Office (CO), EMB National Capital Region (NCR) and EMB Region IVA within six (6) months prior to project construction. Proof of implementation shall be submitted together with the CMR“.

7. The Proponent has prepared this Project Waste Management Plan as a basis for the detailed WMP to be developed by the Contractors as part of the Contractors Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (CEMMP). Similar plans would be required for the site clearance activities (Pre- Construction) and the railway operation (Operations).

8. The purpose of this Project Waste Management Plan (WMP) is thus to ensure that waste generated in the pre-construction, construction and operational phases of the project is managed and disposed of legally and in a way that protects both public health and the environment. The objective of this Project WMP is to:

• Determine the types of waste that will be generated by the project; • Estimate the volume of waste generated; • Determine the capacity of LGUs and local waste streams for disposal • Identify alternative options for disposal if estimated volumes exceed local waste stream capability; • Outline the management controls that will be implemented to ensure waste is disposed of according to this WMP and evidence to be submitted with the CMR; • Outline required legal compliances; and • Provide guidance on how to minimize, handle, control, re-use, recycle and dispose of all waste generated all throughout project implementation.

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2.2. SCOPE

9. This Project Waste Management Plan is intended to form the foundation and strategy for the more detailed Waste Management Plans to be developed by the responsible parties for the three separate phases of the project; (1) Pre-construction, (2) Construction and (3) Operation.

10. The site clearance activities during the pre-construction phase will be commissioned and managed by DOTr, the proponent or their appointed agents the General Consultants. A site clearance contractor and tree cutting contractor will be appointed both of which will be required to complete a Waste Management Plan to specify the ultimate disposal of the materials they remove from site.

11. Construction of the NSCR – Ex will be divided in eight contracts. Each contractor will be required to produce a separate Site Waste Management Plan (SWMP) that integrates the requirements of this Project Waste Management Plan with details of their own specific plans. All Contractors’ Site Waste Management Plans will be submitted to the Proponent’s Engineer (General Consultants) for approval as part of the Contractor’s Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (CEMMP).

12. The contractors have been given a number of choices in the contract documents that will affect the details of their WMP such as whether or not to build a concrete batching plant or to sub-contract to existing concrete suppliers. They are also given the choice of utilizing Contractor’s Yard Sites identified by the design team or to identify their own. Furthermore, sites for spreading spoil have been suggested in the bidding documents but the contractor is free to find his own disposal solutions. Notwithstanding these uncertainties, the requirements of the Contractor WMP will remain the same.

13. The Operation of the railway will be put out to tender at a later date. The operation of the railway includes operating trains, stations and the maintenance and stabling depot.

14. The main waste generating activities at each stage and the parties responsible for the WMP are summarized in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Waste Management Responsibility by Project Phase

Project Responsibility Waste Generating Activities Stage Clearance of trees Clearance of surface constructions such as informal settler housing, waste material and dumped items. Pre- Proponent/General Consultant construction (GC)/Contractor Clearance of other buildings, houses and their associated structures (e.g. fences, water supply system components, drainage and sewage treatment facility components, etc.) Emptying and removal of septic tank systems

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Project Responsibility Waste Generating Activities Stage Site Preparation Clearance of top surface (150mm) of site (Grubbing) Fencing of site

Support Sites Construction and operation of concrete batching plant1 Construction and operation of casting yard(s) Construction and operation of worker dormitory, offices, canteens Operation of medical center.

Supporting Infrastructure Installation of drainage (entire length) Installation of concrete road (entire length)

Contractor per Contract Railway Construction Construction Package Deep piling excavation, excavation of pile cap, Construction of reinforced concrete piles, pile cap and piers. Construction of Stations and associated works Constructing of Bridges and associated works Embankment Works at transitions Cut and Cover tunnel Works

Depot Construction Excavation of unsuitable material at depot Land raising and installation of retaining walls at depot Piling of building foundation piles Construction of Depot Buildings

E&M Works Installation of railway infrastructure (Track and Electrical) Station and station retail and food service operations Train passenger operations (on board waste) Operation Proponent / Operator Track maintenance Rolling stock maintenance at depot Employee/ Commercial Waste from offices/ canteen etc. 1The contractor may not build a batching plant and opt to subcontract concrete production

Exclusions

15. Waste generators not included in the scope of the Project Waste Management Plan are electricity infrastructure changes (new connections by power supply companies) which will be covered under existing obligations of the electricity suppliers.

2.3. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

Approach to Waste Minimization

Waste management on the project will be guided by the widely accepted waste hierarchy illustrated below in Figure 2-1.

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Avoidance Reduction (minimization)

Re-use

Recycling

Treatment

Disposal

Figure 2-1 Waste Management Hierarchy

16. The inverted triangle represents the relative volumes of waste at each stage with the aim being to avoid most waste by design and only have to dispose of a small amount. A brief summary of the meaning of each stage of the hierarchy is as follows:

• Avoidance: Where possible, the contractor will choose processes and maintain work procedures that avoid the generation of waste. • Reduction: The contractor will reduce the generation of unnecessary waste by considering in its planning and purchasing decisions the final disposal of waste generated. • Reuse: The contractor will always consider reusing materials before disposal. • Recycling: The contractor will ensure the separation of waste materials in order to maximize recycling. • Treatment: The contractor will reduce the need for treatment by avoiding toxic products or will segregate and ensure specialist treatment to recover material if possible. The contractor will treat wastes such as liquid wastes before discharge to the environment. • Disposal: The final and least desirable option is disposal into a sanitary landfill site for burial.

Methodology

17. Relevant national laws were reviewed and summarized. The responsibilities under the laws of the Philippines have been outlined.

18. Analysis of the stages and activities of the project has been made and a list of estimated wastes has been determined. For major waste streams, an estimation of the volume of waste generation has been made in consultation with the JICA Design Team.

19. The 10-year Solid Waste Management Plans (SWMP) in each of the 10 cities through which the rail alignment passes, were reviewed and the LGUs consulted as to the waste processing services available locally. Specialized waste processors for toxic and hazardous waste that serve NCR and Region 4A were identified from DENR-EMB accredited lists.

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3. REGULATORY COMPLIANCE 3.1. RELATIONSHIP TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

20. The project received approval of the submitted Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on 13th August 2018 and the project was issued with an Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC). As stated in Section 2.1 above, this Project WMP is to fulfill Condition 3 of the ECC.

3.2. NATIONAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS

Laws and Regulations Pertaining to Waste Management

21. The applicable laws, rules and regulations affecting waste management in the Project as a whole, and particularly disposal, consist of the following:

• Republic Act (RA) 9275 or the Clean Water Act, and its Implementing Rules and Regulations, DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 2016-08 • Republic Act (RA) 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations, DAO 2001-34 • Republic Act 6969 or the Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act of 1990 and its Implementing Rules and Regulations, DAO 2013-22, DAO 2000-02, EMB Memorandum Circular (MC) 2017-0003 and EMB MC 2017-004 • DAO 2019-17: Chemical Control Order for Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds • DAO 2014-02: Revised guidelines for Pollution Control Officer Accreditation • DAO 2013-24: Chemical Control Order for Lead and Lead Compounds • DAO 2004-01: Chemical Control Order (CCO) for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) • DAO 2000-02: Chemical Control Order (CCO) on Asbestos • DAO 1997-39: Chemical Control Order for Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds • DAO 1997-38: Chemical Control Order for Mercury and Mercury Compounds • MC 2008-008 - Effluent Quality Monitoring Manual

DENR Administrative Order (DAO) 2016-08: Water Quality Guidelines and General Effluent Standard and Related Standards

22. One of the objectives of DAO 2016-08 is to control the quality of waste water that is discharged to a watercourse. The allowable levels of pollutants depend on the classification of the receiving waterway. DENR has classified waterways into five classes, with AA being the highest quality and D the lowest.

23. Table 3-1 reproduces Table 1 of the DAO 2016-08 and explains the five quality levels. As noted in this table EMB should be consulted for water body classification and will determine the beneficial use for previously unclassified rivers1.

24. Discharges form any point source shall at all times meet the general effluent standards in Table 3 ‘Water Quality Guidelines for Primary Parameters’ in DAO 2016-08 reproduced in Table 3-2 below. In addition, Table 8 ‘Significant Effluent Quality Parameters per sector’ in DAO 2016-08 lists the industry specific parameters [organized by Philippine Standard Industrial Code (PSIC)] that must be monitored. Extracts from Table 8 of the DAO are reproduced below in Table 3-3. In cases where the

1 Current classifications are found at http://water.emb.gov.ph/?page_id=757

Page 6 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project discharging activity does not fall into one of the identified sectors the EMB should be consulted for a decision.

25. A discharge to a watercourse requires a permit. The Permitting process is outlined in DAO- 2004-25. In the Southern Region, the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) issues discharge permit. In practice the discharger is required to monitor the significant pollutants produced in the discharge and it is these that form the basis of the monitoring plan. The contractor should seek approval of EMB for any exemptions.

26. An Effluent Quality Monitoring Plan must be produced in accordance with the EMB Memorandum Circular 2008-008 (Effluent Quality Monitoring Manual). Self-Monitoring Plan requirements are outlined in DAO 2003-27. After agreeing the monitoring plan with EMB and being awarded the permit, the Contractor must record his inspection sampling and submit a self-monitoring report to EMB every quarter.

Table 3-1 Waterbody Classification and Usage of Freshwater

Class Intended Beneficial Use Public Water Supply Class I Intended primarily for waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited and/or AA – otherwise declared as protected areas, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the latest PNSDW Public Water Supply Class II Intended as sources of water supply requiring conventional treatment A – (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to meet the latest PNSDW B Recreational Water Class I – Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.) 1. Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources C 2. Recreational Water Class II – For boating, fishing or similar activities

3. For agriculture, irrigation and livestock watering D Navigable waters Source: Table 1 of DAO 2016-08

Table 3-2 Water Quality Guidelines for Primary Parameters

Parameter Unit Class AA A B C D BOD mg/l 1 3 5 7 15 Chloride mg/l 250 250 250 300 400 Color TCU 5 50 50 75 150 Dissolved Oxygen Mg/l 5 5 5 5 2 Fecal Coliform MPN/ 100ml <1.1 <1.1 100 200 400 Nitrate as mg/l 7 7 7 7 15 NO3-N pH (Range) 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-8.5 6.5-9.0 6.0-9.0 Phosphate mg/l <0.003 0.5 0.5 0.5 D Temperature ºC 26-30 26-30 26-30 25-31 25-32 Total Suspended mg/l 25 50 65 80 110 Solids Source: Table 3 of DAO 2016-08 (contains important additional notes)

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Table 3-3 Significant Effluent Quality Parameters (Edited to Relevant Rows)

PSIC Industry Project Application Significant Parameters Parameter Limits Code Category Temperature, Manufacture of Cement Concrete 23940 Cement Batching Plant pH, Tables 3-6 in DAO 2017-08 Total Suspended Solids BOD, Other fecal Coliform, accommodation Contractor’s Yard Ammonia, services 55 Nitrates, Tables 3-6 in DAO 2017-08 Housing, Temporary Phosphates, Facilities Oil and Grease, Surfactants Effluent from Oil and Water pH, OC3 Separator of Depot Total Suspended Solids, Tables 3-6 in DAO 2017-08 auxiliary Oil and Grease facilities Sewage BOD, (operation of fecal Coliform, sewer systems Ammonia, or sewage Station and Depot 37000 treatment Nitrates, Tables 3-6 in DAO 2017-08 Operation facilities that Phosphates, collect treat or dispose of Oil and Grease, sewage) Surfactant Source: Table 8 DAO 2016-08

RA 9003: Ecological Solid Waste Management

27. RA 9003 created the institutional mechanisms and incentives for the implementation of an ecological solid waste management program at the LGU level. The implementing rules are contained in DENR Administrative Order No. 2001-34.

28. Under the Act, DENR is responsible for setting up and heading the National Solid Waste Management Commission (SWMC) and serves as the coordinating body to develop and implement the National Solid Waste Management Framework.

29. The local government unit (LGU) is responsible for setting up a Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB) and is required by the Act to formulate a 10-year local Ecological Solid Waste Management Plans instituting an effective and sustainable solid waste management plan with primary emphasis on implementation of all feasible re-use, recycling and composting programs. Residual and special waste is required to go to a sanitary landfill site.

30. In practice, many LGUs have struggled to fully implement the Act and Engineered landfills have only been built in a few areas. Most LGUs have a Material Recycling Facility (MRF) at the Barangay level where mixed waste is sorted into waste streams.

31. Based on RA 9003, solid wastes are classified into 4 waste streams.

• Compostable, • Recyclable, • Residual/non-recyclable and

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• Special wastes.

32. Special wastes include bulky wastes (items too large to be disposed in normal channels), hazardous wastes, including waste electrical, electronic equipment (WEEE). Examples are shown in Figure 3-1.

Figure 3-1 Classification of Solid Wastes based on RA 9003

33. The RA 9003 will be the basis for classifying and separating wastes that will be generated from the project.

34. Sanitary landfill sites are categorized into 4 types dependent on the capacity amongst other technical specifications as shown in Table 3-4.

Table 3-4 Category of Landfill Types

Capacity Features and Category Tons per day Features Over Lower Category Category 1 ≤ 15 Leachate Collection Leachate Collection Category 2 >15 ≤ 75 + Leachate Treatment Leachate Collection Category 3 >75 ≤ 200 + Leachate Treatment + Compact clay system or HDPE liner Leachate Collection Category 4 >200 + Leachate Treatment + Composite liner Source: Technical Guidebook on Solid Wastes Disposal Design, Operation and Management (NSWMC/JICA 2010)

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The National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) is the major agency tasked to implement Republic Act 9003.

LGU Solid Waste Management Plans

35. Each of the cities along the railway alignment has submitted a 10-Year Solid Waste Management Plan (SWMP) to the National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC). The purpose of the plan is to detail how the LGU will collect and dispose of waste.

36. LGU Solid Waste Management Plan vary somewhat from one locality to another, however most barangays or groupings of barangays have implemented a Material Recover Facility (MRF) that sorts domestic and commercial waste into the compostable, recyclable and residual wastes. Recyclable items such as cardboard and plastics and reusable items are sometime sent through the junk shop system. The junk shop system shred or batch materials and prepare for resale into the raw material market or repair or reuse items for resale. Few, if any, barangays have an effective composting system so compostable waste may end up in landfill.

37. Domestic and Commercial (office and business) waste collection is carried out by private waste operators or by the LGU in-house operation. These waste transporters arrange waste separation and recycling and transport residual waste to the nearest sanitary landfill, which may be in neighboring provinces.

38. As a result of the implementation of RA 9003, Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) are established for each Barangay or cluster of Barangays. The intended purpose of the MRF is to receive mixed waste for final sorting, segregation, composting, and recycling.

39. The older municipal open dump sites may still exist, but these are either closed or being closed and rehabilitated. Under the RA 9003, disposing waste in these types of landfills is prohibited.

40. Table 3-5 below outlines the waste stream facilities available or used by LGU to meet the requirements of the Solid Waste Management Plan and the location of major MRF, Sanitary Landfill sites and closed Open Dump Sites (ODS).

41. The Contractor will need to engage private or LGU waste contractor for collection and disposal of the onsite domestic and commercial waste streams and an up to date list of accredited private waste operators are available from the city or municipality Environment and Natural Resources Offices (ENRO).

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Table 3-5 Domestic/ Commercial Waste Stream Facilities by LGU

Composting Other Facility/ Material Recovery Facility Recycling Residual Typical LGU Special Wastes Notes Food wastes (Recycling) e.g. Junk Waste Landfill Tipping Fee use Shops Manila Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected by city Infectious wastes Variable Fees exclude facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer service contractor for pre-treatment by fee range: collection and Food wastes (LGU owned or operated); reuse options; and disposed at TSD before SLF P1,200- transport costs collected as NGOs, and landfill; with barging disposal; WEEE P1,500/T; (~min. animal feed or Operational MRFs ambulant thru junkshops / IWs – charged P1,850/trip) recycled as established by EMB-NCR: collectors HMR on minimum and pass way fertilizer Brgy.412 (Established) kilos fees Makati Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected by city facility available. glass separated at an MRF shops offer service contractor Infectious wastes Food wastes (LGU owned or operated); reuse options; and disposed at for pre-treatment by collected as NGOs, and landfill TSD before SLF animal feed or Operational MRFs ambulant disposal; WEEE recycled as established by EMB-NCR: collectors thru junkshops / fertilizer Brgy. East Rembo (for HMR upgrade) Taguig Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected by city facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer service contractor Infectious wastes Food wastes (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; and disposed at for pre-treatment by collected as NGOs, and landfill TSD before SLF animal feed or Operational MRFs even ambulant disposal; WEEE recycled as established by EMB-NCR: collectors thru junkshops / fertilizer Brgy. Katuparan HMR -

Parañaque Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected by city facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer service contractor Infectious wastes Food wastes (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; for pre-treatment by

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Composting Other Facility/ Material Recovery Facility Recycling Residual Typical LGU Special Wastes Notes Food wastes (Recycling) e.g. Junk Waste Landfill Tipping Fee use Shops collected as NGOs, and and disposed at TSD before SLF animal feed or Operational MRFs ambulant landfill disposal; WEEE recycled as established by EMB-NCR: collectors thru junkshops / fertilizer Brgy. Merville (Temporarily HMR stopped); Don Bosco; Brgy. San Dionisio Muntinlupa Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected by city facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer service contractor Infectious wastes Food wastes (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; and disposed at for pre-treatment by collected as NGOs, and landfill TSD before SLF animal feed or Operational MRFs ambulant disposal; WEEE recycled as established by EMB-NCR: collectors thru junkshops / fertilizer Sucat; HMR Putatan (Established); Poblacion (for turnover to Barangay) San Pedro Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Category 3 landfill facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer available within Infectious wastes Food wastes (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; jurisdiction; privately for pre-treatment by collected as NGOs, and owned TSD before SLF animal feed or even ambulant disposal; WEEE recycled as collectors thru junkshops / fertilizer HMR Binan Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected through facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer City Environment Infectious wastes Food wastes (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; and Natural for pre-treatment by collected as Resources Office TSD before SLF

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Composting Other Facility/ Material Recovery Facility Recycling Residual Typical LGU Special Wastes Notes Food wastes (Recycling) e.g. Junk Waste Landfill Tipping Fee use Shops animal feed or NGOs, and disposal; WEEE recycled as ambulant thru junkshops / fertilizer collectors HMR Sta. Rosa Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected by city Infectious wastes facility available; glass separated at MRF shops offer service contractor for pre-treatment by Eco-Waste (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; and disposed to a TSD before SLF Center to NGOs, and private SLF in San disposal; WEEE produce fertilizer ambulant Pedro, Laguna; thru junkshops / from Sta. Rosa collectors other establishments HMR Public Market have private haulers wastes Cabuyao Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Collected through Infectious wastes facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer City Environment for pre-treatment by Food wastes (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; and Natural TSD before SLF collected as NGOs, and Resources Office disposal; WEEE animal feed or ambulant thru junkshops / recycled as collectors HMR fertilizer Calamba Composting Plastics, cartons, metals and Multiple junk Category 2 Landfill Infectious wastes facility available. glass separated at MRF shops offer within jurisdiction; for pre-treatment by Food wastes (LGU owned or operated) reuse options; privately owned TSD before SLF collected as NGOs, and disposal; WEEE animal feed or ambulant thru junkshops / recycled as collectors HMR fertilizer Sources: http://ncr.emb.gov.ph/materialsrecoveryfacilitymrf/ https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1048865 http://calabarzon.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2018-swm-consolidated-report.pdf http://calabarzon.emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/List-of-Existing-Disposal-Facilities.pdf

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DAO 2019-17: Chemical Control Order for Arsenic and Arsenic Compounds

42. RA 6969 is an act to control toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes, providing penalties for violations thereof, and for other purposes.

43. DAO 2019-017 provides consolidated rules and regulations for Arsenic and Arsenic compounds, and its wastes.

44. This Order aims to do the following:

a. Reduce the risk of exposure to human health and the environment of arsenic and arsenic compounds used in the industrial processes; b. Increase awareness about the toxicity of arsenic and its compounds, as well as the availability of technically superior and safer alternatives; c. Develop the framework for proper implementation of appropriate prevention-based programs to mitigate, reduce and eliminate risks from the use of arsenic and arsenic compounds; and d. Provide guidelines to identify potential arsenic release/exposure in industrial facilities to reduce workers’ arsenic exposure.

DAO 2014-02: Revised Guidelines for Pollution Control Officer Accreditation

45. DAO 2014-02 requires the contractor to nominate a Pollution Control Officer (PCO) who has received the EMB 40-hour PCO training to manage and monitor hazardous waste on site. The duties and responsibilities of the PCO are as follows:

1. Ensure compliance with the requirements of PD 1586, RA 6969, RA 8749, RA 9003, RA 9275, their respective implementing rules and regulations (IRRs), and other pertinent rules and regulations; 2. Identify significant environmental aspects and impacts of the company’s operational activities and recommend possible mitigating measures for the formulation and preparation and/or review of the Environmental Management Plan and Contingency Plan; 3. Attend to all permitting and registration requirements of the establishment and in the construction, installation and operations of pollution sources and control facilities: 4. Ensure the proper performance, operation, and maintenance of environmental management facilities or systems of the establishment such as the following: a. Wastewater treatment facilities; b. Air pollution control devices referred to in DAO 2000-03; c. Hazardous waste management storage areas (permanent or temporary); d. Solid waste segregation management facilities; and e. Environmental monitoring devices and other environmental monitoring devices. 5. Ensures that the hazardous wastes disposed offsite are covered by a Permit to Transport; Each Transport is covered by a hazardous waste manifest duly signed by the transporter and TSD facility; and with corresponding Certificate of Treatment Copies of the signed hazardous waste manifest and COT shall be submitted to EMB Region 4A in accordance with DAO 2004-36; 6. Monitor compliance to the requirements specified in the Environmental Compliance Certificate and the commitments stipulated in the Environmental Management and Monitoring Plans or Environmental Performance Report and Management Plans and report the same in the Compliance Monitoring Report (CMR); 7. Monitor activities pertaining to the installation or construction of pollution source and control facilities to ensure compliance with the National Emission Standards for Source Specific Air Pollutants and National Ambient Air Quality Standards and report monitoring results to DENR as part of the Self-Monitoring Report (SMR);

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8. Monitor activities pertaining to the operation and maintenance of pollution control facilities to ensure compliance with the Standards and report monitoring results to DENR as part of the SMR; 9. Monitor the use of chemicals, especially those listed under the Priority Chemical List (PCL) and those with Chemical Control Orders (CCO) and the generation of solid and hazardous wastes; 10. Monitor the importation or distribution of chemicals; 11. Promptly submit CMRs and SMRs.

DAO 2013-24: Chemical Control Order for Lead and Lead Compounds

46. RA 6969 is an act to control toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes, providing penalties for violations thereof, and for other purposes.

47. This Order aims to do the following:

a. Increase awareness about toxicity of lead and lead compunds an; b. Increase awareness about the toxicity of arsenic and its compounds, as well as the availability of technically superior and safer alternatives; c. Develop the framework for proper implementation of appropriate prevention-based programs to mitigate, reduce and eliminate risks from the use of arsenic and arsenic compounds; and d. Provide guidelines to identify potential arsenic release/exposure in industrial facilities to reduce workers’ arsenic exposure.

DAO 2013-22 Management of Toxic and Hazardous Waste and Related Standards

48. RA 6969 is an act to control toxic substances and hazardous and nuclear wastes, providing penalties for violations thereof, and for other purposes.

49. DAO 2013-22 Revised Procedures and Standards for the management of Hazardous Wastes, contains the revised procedures and standards for the implementation of RA 6969. It contains the updated classification of Toxic and Hazardous Wastes (THW), and outlines the requirements for Waste Generators and Waste Transporters.

50. The following are some key points taken from the advice:

• The waste generator is determined to be large, medium or small depending on the amount of THW produced. The waste generator must meet the requirements set out in Table 3.2 of DAO 2013-22. • All hazardous wastes are classified by codes and must be identified before entering the waste stream. Set out in Table 2.1 of DAO 2013-22. • THW transporters are registered and licensed to carry certain waste only. • THW must be disposed of at a registered THW landfill sites or treater and a hazardous waste manifest system must be used to identify waste transported. • A trained Pollution Control Officer (PCO) should have responsibility for THW. • THW should not be mixed and should be segregated and managed according to compatibility. • Building demolition waste is not classified as THW unless it contains asbestos. • The following are also not classified as THW. Septic tank effluents, spoils from quarrying and excavation, wastewaters disposed on site through the sewage system as set out in Table 2.2 of DAO 2013-22. • All hazardous waste containers or drums should be labelled (for storage purposes) as per DAO 2013- 22 requirements, using the template shown in in Figure 3-2 Hazardous Waste Label.

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Figure 3-2 Hazardous Waste Label

51. The latest list of DENR-EMB accredited HW transporters and TSD facilities, as of December 31, 2018, is found in List of Accredited Hazardous Waste Transporters in NCR , while the list of residual waste transporters and landfill facilities in Region 4A is found in APPENDIX B.

DAO 2000-02: Chemical Control Order on Asbestos

52. DAO 2000-02 is meant to control and regulate the use and disposal of asbestos into the environment to avoid the adverse health consequences of exposure to asbestos.

53. Asbestos is most likely to be found in building materials where it has been used in mostly in building materials (roofing shingles, ceiling and floor tiles, paper products, and asbestos cement products).

54. DAO 2000-02 Section 9 (6) sets out the requirements for the removal of asbestos during demolition. If asbestos is present it will be necessary to have removal carried out by companies licensed by DENR and following the requirement in the Control Order.

DAO 2004-01: Chemical Control Order for Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)

55. The DAO 2004-01 gives implementation provisions of Republic Act No. 6969

56. The need to follow PCBs disposal requirements may result from discovery of illegal or improper dumping of waste that contained PCBs, such as transformer fluids or leaks (fugitive emissions) from electrical transformers and capacitors containing PCBs that are removed as part of the project.

DAO 1997-39: Chemical Control Order for Cyanide and Cyanide Compounds

57. The DAO 1997-39 applies to the importation, manufacture, processing, use and distribution of cyanide and cyanide compounds. It also addresses the treatment, storage and disposal of cyanide- bearing or cyanide-contaminated wastes in the Philippines.

DAO 1997-38: Chemical Control Order for Mercury and Mercury Compounds

58. The DAO 1997-38 applies to the importation, manufacture, processing, use and distribution of mercury and mercury compounds. It also addresses the treatment, storage and disposal of mercury- bearing or mercury-contaminated wastes in the Philippines.

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MC 2008-008 - Effluent Quality Monitoring Manual

59. The MC 2008-008 provides water quality monitoring manual in order to establish the uniform quality control assurance on a nation-wide ambient water and effluent quality monitoring.

3.3. IMPLICATIONS FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS

60. During the three phases of the project (Pre-construction, Construction and Operation) the proponent and contractors/ operator must in particular:

• Make a check for asbestos or any other material subject to Chemical Control orders and make separate plans for extraction and disposal using licensed companies. • Empty any septic tanks in areas for demolitions and dispose of liquids to licensed waste water treatment works. • Ensure that the Solid Waste disposal operators are accredited by DENR and the LGU in which they operate and separate ‘special wastes’ from the other types and if necessary, separate the other types into compostable, recyclable and residual (landfill) waste before collection. • Ensure that Hazardous and Toxic Waste generated by construction and operations is separated and stored appropriately and according to the regulations. • Ensure that before transport of Hazardous and Toxic Waste to licensed waste facilities the waste is labeled according to the manifest system and is only transported by licensed hazardous waste transporters. • Before any discharge to the local water drainage system, waste water is treated to meet appropriate standards for the effluent and class of watercourse. • Monitor waste water discharges and submit monitoring reports to EMB quarterly.

4. WASTE STREAMS 4.1. INTRODUCTION

61. In this section, the various types of waste the project will produce are identified and waste volumes are estimated. If waste disposal volumes may overwhelm local disposal, this is noted.

4.2. PRE-CONSTRUCTION

Tree Clearance and Disposal

62. All trees within the project ROW will be removed. Trees will be cleared after obtaining the Tree Cutting Permit from the DENR. The proponent will employ a contractor to cut down the trees and dispose of them.

63. The tree survey has not yet been completed in preparation for the application for tree cutting permit. Results will be shown in Table 4-1 when data is collected. Under the requirements of the Philippine Regulations (DAO-16-2018) trees on Public lands over 15cm Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) should be delivered to DENR for use in timber projects. In practice, the marketable trees will need to be auctioned off to the timber trade and may end up in furniture, wood crafts, charcoal or as fuel. DENR should be consulted as to procedures to dispose of the trees. The number of trees has the potential to overwhelm DENR’s disposal process.

64. Trees less than 15cm DBH will require disposal either through the cutting contractor or by a specification by the proponent. Allowing the contractor to dispose for profit should reduce the bid price for the work. It is likely that a proportion of the wood will find a market for fuel or charcoal. Wood and

Page 17 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project brash that the contractor cannot use may be chipped or transported for composting or industrial fuel. As the chippings or brash cannot be left on site the contractor will have to transport elsewhere.

Table 4-1 Tree Count Survey

Tree Class dbh No1 /cm 5-14 15-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65-74 75-84 >95 Source JDT 1Data will be available When Tree Survey is Complete

65. The proponent will finalize the following items for the Waste Management Plan at the pre- construction stage;

• Coordinate with the DENR Region 4A Office to ensure they have the capacity to store and dispose of the timber if this required. • Coordinate with the cutting contractor to determine and agree the final disposal of the timber if this is left to the contractor.

66. After discussion with contractors about feasibility, the tree clearance specifications will ensure the waste wood and brash is chipped and disposed to composting or other reuse rather than land in fulfilment of the waste hierarchy.

Clearance of Other Houses Building on the ROW or Expanded ROW

67. Houses and buildings built on the PNR ROW and houses and building outside the PNR that are purchased under eminent domain in order to expand the ROW will be demolished. The exact number of houses and buildings and their size has not been confirmed yet.

68. Owners will be given the opportunity to retrieve construction materials from properties and it is envisaged that significant retrieval and thus reuse or recycling of these materials will take place.

69. Some of the buildings are expected to contain septic tanks. These will be emptied before tanks are removed and the pits filled in.

Clearance of ISF Housing

70. ISFs will be given the opportunity to retrieve construction materials from their own property, but it is envisaged that the site will need to be cleared of a lot of outstanding materials. A clearance contractor will be employed to demolish and remove any structures remaining on site and various other dumped materials. To ensure the clearance contractor disposes of the rubble in the correct way, the proposed final disposal site will be submitted to the proponent for approval and the waste receipts audited.

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71. An estimate was made based on the structures recorded by the RAP team. In total 10,986 structures were found on the project section. A typical structure is a 4 m x 4 m x 2m high built with 2/3 with 8mm plywood timber and 1/3 with 100mm concrete blocks on a concrete base 4 m x 4 m x 100mm. This amounts to 0.96m3 concrete blocks and 1.6m3 concrete base and 0.172m3 timber per structure. On top of this, we assumed 16m2 of canvas sheeting per structures. However, it is assumed the timber and sheeting will be recovered by owners leaving 10,547 m3 of concrete blocks, 17,578 m3 of concrete bases to be removed totaling 28,125m3.

72. It is likely the material will just become general fill in land raising projects, but if possible, the concrete can be crushed for use as a general aggregate and fill material and thus substitute for virgin aggregates in construction projects.

Residual Waste on the ROW

73. It is expected that some general refuse will be left on site by ISFs in properties but also informal waste dumps. This will also be cleared by the clearance contractor and disposed of at the nearest landfill site.

74. If each dwelling left one 40L bag of domestic waste there will be 439m3 (10,986 dwellings x 0.04m3) of domestic waste to dispose of. There may also be general refuse and surface dumping areas. To ensure the clearance contractor disposes of the refuse in the correct way the final disposal site will be submitted to the Engineer for approval and the waste receipts audited.

Hazardous Waste on the ROW

75. Initial inspection by the Resettlement Action Team (RAP) suggest that there is little asbestos on site. Asbestos is most likely to be in the form of previously salvaged asbestos concrete sheeting if present. However, in order to deal with the risk of asbestos being present in some ISF dwellings DOTR should arrange to carry out an initial inspection by a qualified person. If asbestos is found a contractor registered for asbestos clearance will be employed to remove the material safely and dispose at a licensed THW landfill according to the requirements of DAO2000-02. It is likely that a demolition contractor will provide both services.

76. There may be some other residual hazardous waste such as batteries, bulbs, oil, chemicals on site. This will not be known until the site is assessed. To ensure this is properly disposed of the clearance contractor will be asked make a hazardous material inspection in advance of general demolition to separate hazardous material and dispose separately.

77. Provisional studies of Hazardous Waste on the Sucat Thermal Power Station site suggest that the ROW concerned is not highly contaminated. However, access to the transformer sites has not been possible yet. It can reasonably be expected that the site is contaminated with PCB and thus a specialist contractor will be required to dispose of the contaminated soil.

78. The contract with the clearance contractor will have suitable contingency for asbestos discovery and disposal in advance of any other demolition work. To ensure the clearance contractor disposes of the hazardous waste in the correct way the final disposal site will be submitted to the Engineer for approval and the waste receipts audited.

Summary of Pre-Construction Waste Streams and Process

79. The size of the project and the number of ISFs who are living on the Project ROW means that there is substantial amount of waste to remove from the Project ROW before construction can commence.

Page 19 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

80. At least two specialist contractors will be required. The tree cutting contractor and the demolition and clearance contractor. It may also be necessary to use a specialist asbestos removal contractor if asbestos is found.

81. A waste management plan will be prepared by the proponent or contractor for the pre- construction phase and submitted to EMB for approval. This can only be completed once the contractor is appointed and final details of the disposal methods are clear.

82. The proper disposal of the waste will be ensured by implementing the following specification into the clearance contractor’s work requirements.

• Tree Cutting

 Agreeing a procedure and delivery schedule for the delivery of marketable timber to DENR Region 4A Yard or other disposal option.  Determining a plan for the disposal of small wood / brash material with the contractor and identifying the disposal route.

• ISF Dwelling and other Building Demolition

 Incorporate a specification for inspection and removal of asbestos if found before general demolition and auditing the disposal manifest system.  Survey for and incorporate a specification for the emptying of septic tanks both formal (purchased properties) and informal settler’s latrines.  Determine the contractor’s proposed waste stream (landfill, re-use, crush etc) and waste manifest system that can be implemented.  Encourage the contractor to recycle concrete, concrete blocks and other suitable building materials by crushing to recycled aggregate. However, it is likely the material will just become general fill.

• Contaminated Land at Sucat (Provisional)

 Incorporate specification for analysis and removal of any contaminated soil at the Transformer site.

83. Table 4-2 summarizes the pre-construction waste streams.

Table 4-2 Summary of Pre -Construction Waste Streams

Classification Waste Stream/s Disposal Option/s Estimated Amount Monitoring Options or form Disposal sites as Trees <15cm dbh approved by DENR. also Final Destination agreed and brash Chipped or cut consider burning, and audited. charcoal production or composting Sold to the timber market, timber yards may Cut to timber DENR Timber Yard Trees >15cm dbh be identified by units Proponent and approved Receipt by DENR, or be identified by DENR Generally* Assorted Separate for re-use, MRF Contractor reports via non-toxic: construction and residuals to Landfill 2304m3 of concrete, tipping receipts or other materials wood, cement Site evidence. blocks

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Classification Waste Stream/s Disposal Option/s Estimated Amount Monitoring Options or form Domestic Refuse left on site Landfill site Up to 239m3 Tipping receipts, audits Liquid Septic Sewage Treatment Tank waste Sewage Works Not known Transfer receipts DENR licensed Fully audited manifest Hazardous Chemicals, hazardous landfill site. Not known system if sent to THW Materials General paints, oils etc. General Landfill if part of landfill construction rubble Hazardous Asbestos (if DENR licensed Fully audited THW Not Known Materials General found) hazardous landfill site manifest system Soil DENR licensed Fully audited THW Hazardous Waste Contaminated Not Known hazardous landfill site manifest system with PCB

4.3. CONSTRUCTION

Contracts

84. Nine contractors are expected to build the railway, six will work on construction, one on the depot, one on Electric and Mechanical (E&M) and one on the Rolling Stock. Rolling Stock is not expected to generate any particular waste issues as it is limited to delivery and testing of rolling stock imported from abroad.

Grubbing Operation

85. The contractor is required to carry out the grubbing of the remaining roots and the removal of the top 150mm of soil in preparation for construction. This soil is likely to be mixed with various bits of rubble, tree roots and plants. This type of soil may not all be suitable for land raising for building projects but may have use on land fill sites for cell creation, covering or filling quarried areas.

86. Across the whole route Solis to Calamba (57.1 km x 30 m plus additional amounts for 60m width stations) amounts to 281,520 m3 of spoil. The estimated volumes calculated represent about 313 10-cu.m. trucks per day (281,520 ÷ 10 ÷ 90) if the work is carried out in 3 months as planned. Contract values will be available at the end of Detail Design.

87. The spoil will enter the market for spoil spreading in the local areas. This market for spoil spreading will only become clear close to the time of the operation. Several areas have already been identified as suitable for spoil spreading by the JICA Design Team. Since this has been confirmed with land owners the capacity required is assured, however but the chosen contractors will make their own choice based on the cost and benefits of what is available in the market at the time.

Excavations Waste (Spoil)

88. Construction of each pier involves the excavation of multiple piles and pile caps at each pier location at a usual spacing of 40 m along the ROW. Further excavations are required for drainage, roads and the additional piles required at stations and for all the buildings at the depot.

89. From geological investigations it is known that this spoil is either silts or sands. This type of soil will be suitable for land raising for building projects and may have value as aggregates.

90. The total amount of spoil that will be removed for the project will be available at the end of Detail Design Stage. Table 4-3 shows the estimated amounts of spoil produced.

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Table 4-3 Spoil Excavation Construction Build

Contract Viaduct Pile and Buildings & Drainage & Volume of Spoil Package Pile Cap Stations Roads removed (m3) CP S-01 22,395 21,547 21,170 65,112 CP S-02 Not Known1 Not Known Not Known Not Known CP S-03 “ “ “ “ CP S-04 “ “ “ “ CP S-05 “ “ “ “ CP S-06 “ “ “ “ CP S-07 (depot) “ “ “ “ Total 1 Missing Data will be available at the end of Detail Design Source JDT

91. As mentioned above, the spoil will enter the market for spoil spreading in the local areas. This market for spoil spreading will only become clear close to the time of the operation. Several areas have already been identified as suitable for spoil spreading by the JICA Design Team. Since this has been confirmed with land owners the capacity required is assured, however but the chosen contractors will make their own choice based on the cost and benefits of what is available in the market at the time. Spoil may also have a use in backfilling borrow pits used to raise levels at the depot or other quarry sites.

Solid Waste

92. Solid wastes generated by the contractor during the course of work will be;

• Domestic/ Commercial Waste: Waste from Accommodation blocks, offices • Waste Concrete: Waste from concrete pours • Timber: Occasional Formwork, temporary structures.

93. Domestic and Commercial waste includes all the office waste and waste from accommodation blocks. This waste is suitable for collection by the local solid waste disposal services. In order to integrate with Local Solid Waste Management Plans of the LGU in which the Contractor is operating the waste might be segregated by the Contractor into the waste streams of (1) compostable, (2) recyclable and (3) residual and (4) Special Wastes. However, as most LGUs have opted to separate waste at the MRF sites this may not be necessary. All hazardous and toxic waste however must be separated as outlined below in Section 4.3.6.

94. Complete waste disposal to controlled dumpsites or sanitary landfills is not fully functional in Metro Manila and illegal open dumping is still carried out. For this project the contractor must ensure that its waste disposal arrangements meet the requirements of the RA 9003 and the Waste Management Plan of the LGU in which they operate.

95. Senate Document AG-17-01 “Philippine Solid Waste at a glance”2 states that National Capital Region generates 0.768kg of municipal waste per person per day. This is estimated to rise to 0.9 kg per day by 2025 using World Bank data (contained in WB What a Waste 2.0)3. Figures given for an international level, show the largest waste category is food and green waste, making up 44 percent of global waste. Dry recyclables (plastic, paper and cardboard, metal, and glass) amount to another 38

2 https://www.senate.gov.ph/publications/SEPO/AAG_Philippine%20Solid%20Wastes_Nov2017.pdf 3https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/30317/211329ov.pdf?sequence=11&isAllowed= y

Page 22 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project percent of waste. Eighty-two percent of waste is therefore potentially recyclable. Using the estimated figure for 2025 an estimate of the worker waste production was made and summarized in Table 4-4. Manpower requirements represents the peak maximum workers on site only and assumes worker consumption is 1/3 of the metro manila per capita per day amount.

Table 4-4 Estimate of Solid Waste Produced per Employee (2025)

Truck Loads Solid Waste Total Daily Average per Manpower 6T truck per 7- Contract Kg per person per Collection contract (no.) (Max) day week per day 2025 rate kg kg / day contract Pre- 200 0.3 60 60 0.07 Construction Civils 22,575 0.3 6,773 968 (7) 1.1 E&M 3,079 0.3 924 924 (1) 1.1 Rolling Stock 1,026 0.3 308 308 (1) 0.36 Operation 3,850 0.3 1,155 1,155 1.3 Source: JICA Design Team (Table 2.7.3 EIA)

96. It is expected that the Contractor will arrange a contract with the local service providers and transport the waste to pick up points adjacent to roads or with easy internal road access. The contractor may also choose to enter into separate agreements with recyclers for plastic or paper if quantities are high enough.

97. The contractor will be recommended to use the local junk shop system to dispose of surplus or broken furniture, tool and equipment thus diverting items from landfill and taking advantage of repair and re-use possibilities and boosting the local economy. A list of ‘Junk’ Shops (Recycling Service Providers) is given can be obtained from the Federation of Junk Shop Owners in the Philippines

98. The contractor will detail the arrangements made in the WMP in order for the plan to be audited.

99. During concrete pours and in the pre-fabrication yard there may be waste concrete. A number of options are possible for this surplus concrete.

• Return waste to batching plant, for reuse in lower quality concrete or other use or crushed for aggregate. • Use on site for hard standing areas, additional roads • Pour and recycle as aggregate when set. Crushed on or off site • Pour and send to land fill when set

100. The Contractor will outline in its WMP the options it will use for disposing of waste concrete.

101. Most casting formwork is expected to special purpose metal forms as this is the most economic method. Timber formwork may be needed on occasion and timber may be used in many temporary constructions, scaffolding work etc. Timber in formwork has a limited life and is disposed of after 2-3 uses. Timber can be usefully reused and recycled or used as fuel and may find a use via the local junk shop system. The contractor is expected to separate timber from other waste and attempt to find a non- landfill uses.

Liquid Waste

102. The main liquid wastes generated during construction and operation will be;

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• Sewage: From portable toilets and septic tanks • Grey water: From washing cleaning water used in offices and accommodation. • Pile slurry liquid: Drilling Slurry is made up of polymers or special clays depending on technology used by contractor • Concrete washout liquids: From cleaning of concrete batch plant and transporter trucks and other equipment

103. Sewage removal in portable chemical toilets will be sub-contracted to portable toilet suppliers and disposed through their existing sewage companies. If the contractor elects to use toilets running water flush systems these will either be connected to septic tanks and emptied by a similar waste disposal company that pumps out the tank and takes to a sewage treatment plant or treated on site in a portable Waste Water Treatment Plant (WTP). To ensure the waste is disposed of correctly the companies concerned will be required to provide evidence of correct disposal. If using an WTP a discharge permit will be required from EMB and a monitoring plan developed.

104. All septic tanks shall be designed with three (3) chamber type to ensure that there is no risk to groundwater from overflow between emptying schedules

105. Grey water from office and accommodation washing facilities will also be directed to tanks or to WTP. In the case of the tanks, the water will be extracted and taken to a municipal treatment works. If the case of an ABT the final discharge will be suitable for discharge to the local waterways/ drainage. If using an WTP a discharge permit will be required from EMB and a monitoring plan developed.

106. Piling is carried out with a liquid slurry system. The slurry is either mixed with bentonite clay or special polymers to stabilize the sides of the borehole. Before the slurry is disposed of the material must be de-watered. The water from this process may require further treatment before disposal to the sewer or local watercourses due to pH or contaminants. The contractor may test and neutralize the water before discharge.

107. A method of disposal of pile slurry liquid will be proposed by the contractor in their WMP. This will normally involve a settling area to separate the liquid from the spoil, treatment of liquid before discharge to local drainage systems. All leaching area, evaporation ponds etc. will be designed to contain the waste material fully for later extraction and disposal.

108. Concrete delivery trucks, pumping pipes and casting machines require regular wash outs to prevent waste concrete hardening in place. Washout water is usually high in pH (Alkaline). DAO-2016- 08 requires discharge water to be less than 8.5-9.0 pH (depending on watercourse class) The treatment and disposal of wastewater from washing out of concrete lorries and batching plants will be proposed by the contractor in their WMP and will likely involve a settling area with evaporation ponds before disposal of the remaining cement cake to a landfill site or acid neutralization of the liquid waste.

109. Any water discharged to the local drainage system has to meet the requirements of DAO 2016- 08, a discharge permit with an agreed monitoring plan is required from EMB and monitoring results must be submitted quarterly. Additional sampling and auditing will be carried out by the Engineer as required.

Hazardous Waste

110. Some hazardous waste is expected to be produced during the construction phase mainly hazardous chemical containers, lightbulbs, batteries etc. The contractor must segregate the materials and arrange disposal at a Hazardous Waste Disposal Site.

111. To ensure the Hazardous Waste is disposed of according to the laws and regulation outlined in Section 3.2.5 above the contractor shall implement a waste separation process on site and a hazardous waste manifest system as explain below in Section 5.

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Electrical and Mechanical Installation (E&M)

112. The installation of tracks, signaling and overhead catenary is not expected to generate significant amounts of waste. Metal wastes and some electrical wastes are expected.

Summary of Construction Phase Solid Waste Streams

113. Table 4-5 summarizes the waste streams for construction and proposes the monitoring requirements. The various contractors will be required to produce waste management plans for approval by the Engineer as specified in project specifications.

Table 4-5 Summary of Construction Waste Streams

Operation Type of Waste Description Disposal Monitoring Generally non-toxic: consist mainly of soil, • Sanitary Land Fill Grubbing Soil and Mixed occasional concrete Waste Receipts and rocks, weeds and • Backfill for quarry sites shrubs • Land raising Piling and Pile Cap Spoil Silts and Sands • Backfill for quarry sites Reporting and Audit • Aggregates • Through local Waste Consist mainly of Domestic and operator Office and recyclables, commercial type • Separated at MRF Audit of contract Accommodation solid waste compostable and residual wastes • Residuals to Residual Landfill • Reuse on site Waste Concrete Solid Solid Concrete • Crush for aggregates Contractor to specify • Land Fill Contractor to specify Timber Solid Occasional Formwork • Fuel Review of WMP Process Audit

Office and Sewage and Grey • Tank storage and Review of WMP Liquid disposal by contractor Accommodation Water at treatment works Process Audit Infectious Wastes Medical Hazardous Pharmaceuticals and • Drugs Potential Neutralization and Contractor to specify contaminated liquid • Pile Slurry Liquid disposal to surface Review of WMP depending on water technique used Process Audit • Neutralization and Contractor to specify Washout Liquid High pH disposal to surface Review of WMP water Process Audit Review of WMP General Hazardous/ Batteries, fluorescent • Segregation and lamps, chemical disposal at hazardous Process Audit Operations Special Waste containers waste site. Waste Manifest receipts. Waste from Electrical • Segregation and Review of WMP E&M Installation Solid waste and Electronic Equipment disposal Process Audit

• Segregation and Review of WMP E&M Installation Special Waste Chemicals disposal at hazardous waste site Process Audit

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4.4. OPERATION PHASE

Introduction

114. There are 19 stations on the line (Blumentritt to Calamba). Some stations have been designed with space for shops and food service outlets on the ground and first floors. Solid waste streams within the station have been designed for passenger operation only at the design stage and further waste plans will need to be made once the operation plan for the stations is further developed. Stations contain public and staff toilets and staff kitchens.

115. The rolling stock maintenance details are not known at this stage as the contract will be design and build. However, estimates have been made based on Japanese Operators Guidelines4.

116. Operations maintenance takes place at the depot where there is a Light Repair Shop (LRS), Unscheduled Repair Shop, Wheel Reprofiling Shop, train washing facilities, offices and Operational Control Center (OCC). The expected number of people employed is around 107. All the Depot buildings will contain toilets, washrooms and there will be a canteen and kitchen.

117. Track maintenance is another operation that will lead to waste being produced as fixings, sleepers and ballast are maintained. Track maintenance splits into two types slab and ballast although the greatest part of the track is slab.

118. The Contract and Specifications for operations has not been completed. As part of the Operators Contract the Proponent will require a Waste Management Plan as part of the Operators Environmental Management Plan.

Solid Waste

119. Solid waste generation at the station and has been estimated based on the number of passengers. Provision has been made for three bin recycling waste bins in the Station design and these will allow all the waste to be picked up by the local commercial waste management company

120. Train preparation works involves light maintenance and trash collection and will take place at the depot. This has been estimated based on half full trash boxes of 7kg each and 300 cars per day (1050kg). Light maintenance involves general housekeeping tasks like air conditioning, lights, emptying waste bins and cleaning etc. and this has been estimated as 20kg per day using Japanese Operation experience. Unscheduled Repair Shop is expected to produce 50kg per day. Waste from these operations includes many oils and other materials that are contaminated with oils, greases or hazardous waste and worn out parts. The wheel grinding operation produces steel waste of 379kg per day and this has a ready market for recycling.

121. The offices, control center and training institute will generate commercial/ domestic type waste. It is assumed this is one third of the figure stated in Senate Document AG-17-01 “Philippine Solid Waste at a glance”5 of 0.9kg per person per day in 2025 or 0.3kg.

122. It is expected that the Operator will enter into a contract for Solid Waste Removal with local Solid Waste transport operators.

4 https://www.mlit.go.jp/english/2006/h_railway_bureau/Laws_concerning/14.pdf 5 https://www.senate.gov.ph/publications/SEPO/AAG_Philippine%20Solid%20Wastes_Nov2017.pdf

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Liquid Waste

123. Liquid waste water and sewage at the stations will be treated by a Water Treatment System installed at each station. This will be discharged to the local drainage system as no reliable local sewage system is available. The water discharged to the local drainage system will meet the requirements of DAO 2016-08 and monitoring will be agreed with EMB.

124. There are no toilets on the trains.

125. The Banlic Depot will have a sewage treatment plant (STP) and a separate treatment facility for non-sewage wastewater such as wastewater from maintenance works and other wastes to meet the applicable effluent standards and in compliance to the Sanitation code of the Philippines. Estimates were made for sanitary waste water based on The Philippines Institute of Development Studies paper “Determination of Basic Household Water Requirements”6. This paper identified 60.5 liters per capita per day.

Hazardous Waste

126. Various waste oils, cleaning solvents and oil contaminated cleaning material and protective clothing are produced on a daily basis in the maintenance operations.

127. Various oil traps are included in the car park and train washing facilities to separate oil from waste water before discharge to the municipal drainage system. These waste oils and grease must be collected and treated as hazardous waste.

128. The operator will register with DENR as a hazardous waste generator as outlined and in DAO- 2013-22. Hazardous waste will be segregated labeled and stored as outlined in DAO-2013-22 and sent for disposal at an accredited treatment, storage or disposal facility. The Operator will use the waste manifest system as described in Chapter 6 of the above Administrative Order.

129. There are a number of secondary uses for waste oils and solvents such as for Alternative Fuels (typically in cement factories or for refining into fuel oils). EMB publishes a list of accredited treatment/storage/disposal (TSD) facilities for hazardous wastes7. The Operator should explore the options for reuse of the oil-based waste.

Summary

130. Table 4-6 below summarizes the estimated waste stream generated during operations. As many aspects of the operations are yet to be finalized the Operator will submit a Waste Management Plan to the proponent and EMB for approval before commencing operations.

Table 4-6 Summary of Waste Streams Operations

Kg / day Location Waste Origin Waste Type Waste Disposal Destination (estimate)1 Depot Train trash bin Solid 1,050 MRF and landfill Light Maintenance Special 20 Landfill at Sanitary landfill Unscheduled Repair Special 50 Landfill at Sanitary landfill Offices (Domestic waste from 107 Solid 32 MRF and landfill workers at 0.3kg pppd)

6 https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps9902.pdf 7 https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/List-of-TSD-Facilities-for-posting-April-30-2019.pdf

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Kg / day Location Waste Origin Waste Type Waste Disposal Destination (estimate)1 Waste water and Sewage (offices) Liquid (l) 6,473 Waste Water Treatment Works (107 workers) Workshop Wheel Grinding Special 378 Metal Recycling Waste Water Liquid 400 Municipal Sewer Paper Solid 200 MRF and Sanitary landfill Cloth 80 MRF and Sanitary landfill THW Sanitary landfill Oil infused Cloth 50 Possible reuse as alternative fuel Sealing Materials 30 THW Sanitary landfill Plastic 20 MRF and Sanitary landfill THW Sanitary Landfill Used Oil 20 Possible reuse as alternative fuel Rubber 50 THW Sanitary Landfill Others 150 MRF and landfill Station Office Workers2 Solid Sanitary Landfill Workers and Passengers Toilets On site waste water treatment Liquid etc 2 and discharge to local drainage 1Exact amounts will depend on the Rolling Stock chosen. 2 Figures not available until end of DD Source: JDT

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5. WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 5.1. PURPOSE

131. The waste management system describes the framework for the correct collection, treatment and disposal of waste. It describes the institutional arrangements and performance monitoring of the process to ensure regulatory requirements are met.

132. The section below outlines how the proponent will ensure the contractor’s employed at Pre- Construction, Construction and Operation will met the regulatory requirements,

5.2. INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

Pre-construction

133. The proponent shall employ subcontractors to clear the ROW.

134. The proponent shall ensure that the arrangements for legal waste disposal are covered in the specifications and contractual obligations of the contractor.

135. The contract specifications shall cover the following items.

1. A Waste Management Plan to be prepared by the Contractor detailing the waste stream proposed for all waste removed, including: a. A plan for any hazardous or Special wastes found b. A plan for the disposal of small wood / brash material not delivered to DENR c. Disposal of sewage to licenced treatment plants 2. Provision for inspection for asbestos and hazardous wastes (including any products with Chemical Control Orders) in advance of demolition works. 3. Provision for inspection of the site for un-emptied septic tanks and latrines. 4. Separate treatment for asbestos containing material following DAO 2000-02: Chemical Control Order (CCO) on Asbestos if found. 5. A requirement to maintain records and waste receipts and submit for review.

136. The Proponent’s Environmental Unit shall make periodic inspections both of site works and waste receipts.

Construction

137. The Contractors are instructed in the project specifications to prepare a Waste Management Plan based on this Project WMP. The Proponent shall review the Contractors Waste Management Plan as part of the CEMMP review.

138. The Contractors Waste Management Plan should explain how the Contractor intends to meet the Regulatory Requirements of Philippine law and cover the following as a minimum:

1. Waste Management Team a. Identify the personnel with PCO Training b. Identify the responsibilities and reporting lines 2. Training of personnel a. Training of the Pollution Control Officer b. General Training in waste management for employees appropriate to their level

Page 29 WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN North-South Commuter Railway Calamba Extension Project

3. Separation, Storage and Disposal of Solid Waste a. Design and Locations of Storage Areas for general Commercial and Business waste, b. Design and Location of Storage Areas for Toxic and Hazardous waste and Special Wastes i. Medical Wastes ii. Vehicle Maintenance Wastes (oils, batteries etc) iii. Items subject to Chemical Control Orders (Chemicals. Asbestos, PCB etc) iv. Business and Commercial Special Wastes (Batteries, lamps, Chemicals) c. Spoil disposal locations and agreements and permits if required 4. Storage and Disposal of Liquid Wastes a. Design of septic tanks b. Waste Water Treatment (if used) c. Other liquid wastes and treatments (e.g. slurry, concrete washout, sludges, oil interceptor etc.). 5. External Audits a. Audits and inspections of waste disposal facilities to ensure they are operating according to their permits. 6. Record Keeping a. Registration as a hazardous waste producer if required b. Licenses of Waste Carriers and Disposal Operators and Landfill Sites used. c. Records of Waste Transfer Notes for all non-hazardous waste transfers. d. Records of the Toxic and Hazardous Waste Manifest System e. Records of Permits and Monitoring for any waste water disposal to surface waters f. Records of External audits of waste disposal sites/ operators 7. Plans for Decommissioning Hazardous Waste Stores at the end of the project. 8. Any other requirements of Philippine Waste Management Law

139. The Contractors should carry out their own external audits to ensure environmental audits of off-site treatment, storage, and disposal facilities prior to their selection to verify that the facility is permitted, engineered, and operated in conformance with applicable regulatory requirements.

140. The Contractor should summarize its waste disposal operations in a monthly summary as shown below in Table 5-1. This summary should form part of the monthly monitoring report to the Engineer. The table is populated with example data. Table 5-2 shows some generic conversion values to calculate tonnes from volume. This summary should form part of the monthly monitoring report to the Engineer.

Table 5-1 Example Waste Reporting Table

Waste Waste % Diverted Date of Activity Material Quantity (t) Classification Stream from Landfill Movement Landfill, Demolition, Hazardous, Use default Description of recycling, excavation or non-haz, or rates (above) construction non-haz inert material offsite reuse, if not known etc.

Non- 60 m3 (200 Excavation hazardous Soil, silt, sand Reuse offsite 100% inert tonnes)

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Table 5-2 Generic Conversion of waste volume to weight

Type Equivalent Demolition (mixed) 0.87t/m3 Excavation 1.25t/m3 Construction (mixed) 0.87t/m3 Soil and stones 1.25t/m3 Metals 0.42t/m3 Inert – concrete, bricks, tiles 1.24t/m3 Packaging 0.21t/m3 Wood 0.34t/m3 Source: Waste recording and reporting WRAP http://www.wrap.org.uk/sites/files/wrap/Reporting%20Guidance.pdf

141. The PCO is responsible for submitting the Contractor’s quarterly self-monitoring report (SMR) to the EMB website and a sample of the SMR requirements is shown in APPENDIX C. Note a specific Module (2) in the SMR is dedicated to Hazardous Wastes Management.

Operation

142. The Specification for the Operator has not been completed. However, the Contractor will also be required to produce a Waste Management Plan for approval by the proponent along the same lines as the Construction Contractor.

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APPENDICES

APPENDIX A. LIST OF ACCREDITED HAZARDOUS WASTE TRANSPORTERS IN NCR

Registration Date Expiry of LGU operating in / Name Contact Details Waste Streams Covered Number Checked License accepting from Lot 7 West Los Angeles Street, Eco Safe Hazmat California Village, San Bartolome, TR-NCR-74- D407 D G703, G704 D H802 D I101-I103 D I104, J201 D I101 From CAR, Region 1, 2,3 Novaliches, Quezon City 8/8/2019 D M506, M507 D A101, B201-B299, C301- C399, D401-D499, Treatment Inc 00006 F601, F699, M503. M501 NCR, 4 and 5 632-4178888

Lot 9, Block 4, Joy Street, Pearl G703, G704, I101, I102, I103, I104. J201 E A101, B201, B202, Green Planet Island Industrial Compound, TR-NCR-75- 06/14/19 B203, B204, B205, B206, B207, B208, B299, C301, C302, From CAR, Region 1, 2,3 Management, C303, C304, C305, C399, D401, D402, D403, D404, D405, Punturin, Valenzuela City 00006 NCR and 4 Inc. D406, D407, D408, D499, F601, F602, F603, F604, F699, 632-9848647 K301, K302, K303, M503, M507 Victoria Wave Industrial Complex Petromine(M) TR-NCR-75- 06/14/19 B201, B202, B203, B204, B205, B206, B207, B208, B299, From CAR, Region 1, 2,3 SDN BHD Branch SEPZ Malaria Tala Caloocan City C301, C302, C303, C304, C305, C399, D401, D402, D403, 00096 NCR, 4 and 5 Office (02)9844882 D404, D405, D406, D407, D408, D499 Clean Leaf 397 M.H. DEL PILAR ST. BRGY. H802, M501-M507 B D407 D G03-G704 D I101-I104 D A101, TR-NCR-75- From CAR, Region 1, 2,3 International MAYSILO, MALABON CITY 08/15/19 B201-B299, C301- C399, D401-D499, E501- E599, F601- 00161 NCR, 4 and 5 Corporation 632- 990-6607 F699, G703- G704, I101-I104, J201, L401, L402, M501-M507 168 Gen Luis St. Brgy. Kaybiga JM Ecotech TR-NCR-75- D407, F601-F699, G703- G704, I101 D B201-B299, C301- From CAR, Region 1, 2,3 Caloocan City 08/31/19 Solutions Co 00028 C399, D401-D499, F601-F699, I104, J201, K301-K303, M503 NCR, 4 and 5 632-936 4632 D407 D F601, F602, F603, F604, F699 D G703, G704 D H802 Trame Oil & L2 B2 Pearl Island Compound, TR-NCR-75- D I101, I102, I103 D M506 D ------B201, B202, B203, B204, From CAR, Region 1, 2,3 Environmental Punturin, Valenzuela 11/06/19 B205, B206, B207, B208, B299, C301, C302, C303, C304, 00007 NCR, 4 and 5 Specialist Inc 632- 959-8590 C305, C399 E I104, J201 E K301, K302, K303 E D401, D402, D403, D404, D405, D406, D408, D499, M503 M501 E L401, L402, K301, K302, K303 H802, I101, I102, 004 Sta. Maria Drive, Sta. Maria Udenna I103,I104, J201, H802, B201, B202, B203,B204,B205, B206, Industrial Estate, Bagumbayan, TR-NCR-76- 12/06/19 B207, B208,B299, C301, C302, C303,C304, C305, C399, From CAR, Region 1, 2,3 Environmental Services, Inc. Taguig 00379 D401,D402, D403, D404, D405,D406, D407, D408, NCR, 4 and 5 632 551-7235 D499,E501, E502, E503, E599,F601, F602, F603, F604,F699, G703, G704, M503, M504, M505, M506, M507

APPENDIX B. LIST OF RESIDUAL WASTE TRANSPORTERS AND LANDFILL FACILITIES IN REGION 4A

Site / Capacity LGU Province Region Category Operational Tons per day Coldwell Imus City Cavite 4a Cat 2 70 Environmental Care Corp. Brgy. Pasong Buaya I Suri Waste Calamba Laguna 4a Cat 2 70 Management & Disposal Services Pilotage Trading San Pedro City Laguna 4a Cat 3 200 and Constn. Corp. Brgy. San Antonio

Module 4: RA 8749 (Air Pollution) page ____ of ___

APPENDIX C. EXAMPLES OF SELF MONITORING FORMS

Department of Environment and Natural Resources Environmental Management Bureau

GENERAL INFORMATION SHEET Name of the Establishment/Facilit y

Establishment/Facilit Street # & Street Name: ___ y Address Barangay: City/Municipality: ___ (NOT the company of head office) Province: Name of

Owner/Company Street # & Street Name: ___ Address (if address is not the same as Barangay: City/Municipality: ___ previous address) Province:

Phone Number Fax Number e-mail address

Philippine Standard Industry Classification Code No. ___ Type of Business/ Industry Philippine Standard Industry Descriptor: ___ Classification ___

CEO/President. ___ Tel #: Fax #: ___ Responsible e-mail address: ___ Officer/s: Plant Manager: ___ Tel #: Fax #: ___ e-mail address: ___

Name. ___ Pollution Control Tel #: Fax #: ___ Officer e-mail address: ___

 single proprietorship  partnership Legal Classification  private domestic corporation  government corporation  Multi-national  ___

We hereby certify that the above information are true and correct.

Name/Signature of CEO/President Name/Signature of PCO

Module 4: RA 8749 (Air Pollution) page ____ of ___

Department of Environment and Natural Resources Environmental Management Bureau

QUARTERLY SELF-MONITORING REPORT

MODULE 1: GENERAL INFORMATION Name of the Plant Please provide the necessary revised, corrected or updated information not contained in your General Information Sheet

(use additional sheet/s if necessary)

DENR Permits/Licenses/Clearances Environmental Permits Date of Issue Expiry Date Laws A/C No. P.D. 984 PO No. ECC 1 PD 1586 ECC 2 ECC 3 DENR Registry ID CCO Registry RA 6969 Importer Clearance No Permit to Transport A/C No. RA 8749 PO No.

Module 1: General Information page ____ of ____

Operation Operating hours/day Operating days/week # of shift/day Average Maximum

Operation/Production/Capacity: Average Daily Total Output this

Production Output Quarter Total Water Total Electric Consumption this Consumption this Quarter (cubic meters) Quarter (KwH) Please use additional sheet/s if necessary

MODULE 2: RA 6969

A. CCO Report (please accomplish this section for each chemical/substance)

Common Name/IUPAC/CAS Index Name. ___ CAS No.: ___ Trade Name: ___

For importers only: Import Quantity Date of Quantity Port of Country of Country of Clearance Requested Arrival Received* Entry Origin Manufacture No.

Total Quantity Total Quantity

Requested (annual) Received (annual) * attach copy/ies of Bill of Lading

For distributors (importers/non-importers) Name of Client License No. Quantity Date of Distribution

Module 1: General Information page ____ of ____

Total Quantity Distributed

For non-importer users: Name of Distributor Quantity Date of Purchase

Total Quantity Purchased from Distributor

For producers Average Daily Total Output this

Production Output Quarter Quantity of Stock Quantity of Stock Inventory (Start of Inventory (End of Quarter) Quarter) Name of Buyer Quantity Date of Purchase

Total Quantity Sold

Used in Production (please fill up only if chemical/substance is not main product) Average Daily Total Output this

Production Output Quarter Average Quantity Total Quantity Used Used per month this Quarter Describe any changes in Production/Process/Operations:

Module 2B: RA 6969 (Hazardous Wastes Generator) page ____ of ____

Stock Inventory/Waste Chemical Generated: Average Quantity of Total Quantity of Waste Chemical Waste Chemical Generated per month Generated this Quarter Quantity of Stock Quantity of Stock Inventory (Start of Inventory (End of Quarter) Quarter) Other Information:

Manner of handling  storage on-site  Treatment on-site hazardous wastes  storage off-site  Treatment off-site

Changes in Safety  Yes (please attach copy of revised plan) Management System  No

Chemical Substitute  Yes (please attach copy if not submitted/included in previous report/s or had been revised) Plan  No

B. Hazardous Wastes Generator

HW Generation: Remaining HW from HW HW Generated HW No. HW Class HW Nature Previous Report Cataloguing Quantity Unit Quantity Unit

Waste Storage, Treatment and Disposal:(Please fill-up one table per HW) HW No: ___ HW Details Qty of HW Treated: Unit: ___ TSD Location: ___

Name: ___ Storage Method: ___

ID: Name: ___ Transporter Date: ___

ID: Name: ___ Treater Method: Date: ___

Disposal ID: Name: ___

Module 2B: RA 6969 (Hazardous Wastes Generator) page ____ of ____

Date: Date: ___

HW No: ___ HW Details Qty of HW Treated: Unit: ___ TSD Location: ___

Name: ___ Storage Method: ___

ID: Name: ___ Transporter Date: ___

ID: Name: ___ Treater Method: Date: ___

ID: Name: ___ Disposal Date: Date: ___

On-Site Self Inspection of Storage Area: Premises/Area Findings & Corrective Action Date Conducted Inspected Observations Taken (if any)

C. Hazardous Wastes Treater/Recycler

HW Stored and/or Untreated as of End of Quarter: Type of Transport Storage Time Table HW Wastes Date of Permit/Date Valid until Quantity Container/ for Number Generator Transport of Issue # of Treatment containers

Module 2B: RA 6969 (Hazardous Wastes Generator) page ____ of ____

HW Treated and/or Recycled as of End of Quarter: Type of Type & Transport Treatment Quantity of Type of HW Wastes Date of Permit/Date Quantity or Recycled or Wastes Number Generator Transport of Issue Recycling Treated Process Product

Residual Wastes Generated from the Treatment and/or Recycling Operation: Process by Type of Type of which the Storage Disposal Time Table HW Number Quantity Wastes Wastes is Container/ Option for Disposal Generated # of containers

MODULE 3: P.D. 984 (Water Pollution)

Water Pollution Data Domestic wastewater Process wastewater

(cubic meters/day) (cubic meters/day) Cooling water Others: ______

(cubic meters/day) (cubic meters/day) Wash water, Wash water, floor equipment (m3/day) (cubic meters/day)

Record of Cost of Treatment (Separate entries for separate facilities) Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Person employed, (# of employees) Person employed,

(cost) Cost of Chemicals used by WTP Utility Costs of WTP

(electricity & water) Administrative and

Overhead Costs Cost of operating in- house laboratory

New/Additional

Investments in WTP

(Description)

Module 2B: RA 6969 (Hazardous Wastes Generator) page ____ of ____

Cost of New/Add Investments

WTP Discharge Location Outlet Location of the Outlet Name of Receiving Water Body Number 1 2 3 4 5 Detailed Report of Wastewater Characteristics for Conventional Pollutants Outlet No.

Effluent Oil & ______BOD TSS Temp rise (name) DATE Flow Rate Color pH Grease (mg/L) (mg/L) (ºC) (m3/day) (mg/L) (unit)

Module 3: P.D. 984 (Water Pollution) page ____ of ____

Please fill-up/accomplish separate form/s for other outlet/s.

Detailed Report of Wastewater Characteristics for Other Pollutants Outlet No.

Effluent ______(name) (name) (name) (name) (name) (name) (name) DATE Flow Rate (m3/day) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit)

Module 3: P.D. 984 (Water Pollution) page ____ of ____

Please fill-up/accomplish separate form/s for other outlet/s. Please use additional sheet/s if necessary.

MODULE 4: R.A. 8749 (Air Pollution)

Summary of APSE/APCF # of hrs of Process Equipment Location operations 1. 2. 3. 4. Fuel Burning Quantity # of hrs of Location Fuel Used Equipment Consumed operations 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. # of hrs of Pollution Control Facility Location operations 1. 2. 3. 4.

Module 3: P.D. 984 (Water Pollution) page ____ of ____

Cost of Treatment Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Cost of Person employed, (salary) Total Consumption of

Water (cubic meters) Total Cost of chemicals used (e.g., activated carbon, KMnO4) Total Consumption of

Electricity (KwH) Administrative and

Overhead Costs Cost of operating in- house laboratory, if any

Improvement or modification, if any.

(Description)

Cost of improvement of modification

Module 4: RA 8749 (Air Pollution) page ____ of ____

Detailed Report of Air Emission Characteristics Description/Location

of PCF ______Flow Rate CO NOx Particulates (name) (name) (name) (name) DATE (Ncm/day) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm)

Please fill-up/accomplish separate form/s for other PCF/s. Please use additional sheet/s if necessary.

Module 4: RA 8749 (Air Pollution) page ____ of ____

MODULE 5: P.D. 1586 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (if required as part of ECC conditions) Description/Location

of Monitoring Station Noise ______CO NOx Particulates (name) (name) (name) (name) DATE Level (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (dB) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm) (mg/Ncm)

(Please accomplish one table per monitoring station.)

Ambient Water Quality Monitoring (if required as part of ECC conditions) Description/Location

of Sampling Station ______(name) (name) (name) (name) (name) (name) (name) (name) DATE (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit) (unit)

(Please accomplish one table per sampling station.)

Other ECC Conditions Status of Compliance ECC Condition/s Actions Taken Yes No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Please use additional sheet/s if necessary.

Environmental Management Plan/Program Status of Enhancement/Mitigation Measures Implementation Actions Taken Yes No 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Please use additional sheet/s if necessary.

Solid Waste Characterization/Information: Average Quantity of Total Quantity of Solid Wastes Solid Wastes Generated per month Generated this Quarter Average Quantity of Total Quantity of Solid Wastes Solid Wastes Collected per month Collected this Quarter Entity in charge of collecting solid Disposal Facility/SLF wastes

Brief Description of Solid Waste Management Plan

(e.g., waste reduction, segregation, recycling)

MODULE 6: OTHERS

Accidents & Emergency Records Findings and Date Area/Location Actions Taken Remarks Observation

Personnel/Staff Training # of Personnel Date Conducted Course/Training Description Trained

I hereby certify that the above information are true and correct.

Done this ______, in ______.

Name/Signature of PCO

Name/Signature of CEO

SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN before me, a Notary Public, this ______day of ______, affiants exhibiting to me their Community Tax Receipts:

Name CTR No. Issued at Issued on ______

Environmental Monitoring Report

Semi-annual Environmental Monitoring Report No. 1 March 2020

Appendix M: Traffic Impact Assessment (SC)

PHI: Malolos-Clark Railway Project – Tranche 1

Prepared by the Project Management Office (PMO) of the Department of Transportation (DOTr) for the Government of the Republic of the Philippines and the Asian Development Bank. +

on behalf of

Japan International Cooperation Agency

FEBRUARY 2019

Submitted by: SMDI Consultants, Inc. Room 302 Platinum 2000 #7 Annapolis St. Greenhills, 1502 San Juan, Metro Manila

Unit 302 Platinum 2000 SMDI Consultants, Inc. 7 Annapolis Street San Juan, Metro Manila transport/traffic technology partner @34 Telefax: 753-8741 www.smdiconsultants.com

6 February 2019

ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD 8th Floor, Tower 3, Rockwell Business Center Ortigas Avenue, Ugong Pasig City, Philippines

Attention: MR. SATORU SAITOH

Subject: THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)

Dear Mr. Saitoh:

We are pleased to submit one hard copy of the Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report on the above project, for your review and comments.

We shall be glad to discuss the contents of the report at your convenient time.

Very truly yours, SMDI Consultants, Inc. by:

MERCEDITAS V. TUAZON President

SMDI Consultants, Inc. i THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1-1 1.1 Project Background ...... 1-1 1.2 Study Objectives ...... 1-1 1.3 Scope of Work ...... 1-1 2 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA ...... 2-1 2.1 Location of Study Area ...... 2-2 2.2 Road Inventory ...... 2-8 2.3 Traffic Volumes ...... 2-13 2.3.1 Vehicular Traffic ...... 2-13 2.3.2 Pedestrian Volume ...... 2-24 2.4 Signal Indication Survey (SIS) ...... 2-26 2.5 Travel Time and Delay Survey (TTDS) ...... 2-34 2.6 Roadside Frictions ...... 2-39 2.6.1 Bus/Jeepney Loading and Unloading ...... 2-39 2.6.2 Traffic Signal ...... 2-39 2.6.3 Uncontrolled Intersection ...... 2-40 2.6.4 Parked Vehicle...... 2-40 2.6.5 Slow Moving Vehicles ...... 2-42 2.6.6 Vendors on the Carriageway ...... 2-43 2.7 Rail Crossing Survey ...... 2-43 3 TRAFFIC ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY ...... 3-1 3.1 Study Periods ...... 3-1 3.2 Methodology ...... 3-1 4 CURRENT CAPACITY ANALYSIS SUMMARY ...... 4-1 4.1 Unoptimized Conditions ...... 4-1 4.2 Optimized Conditions...... 4-7 5 CONSTRUCTION PERIOD SUMMARY ...... 5-1 5.1 Level Of Service Analyses ...... 5-1 5.1.1 2020 Construction Period ...... 5-1 5.1.2 2025 Construction Period ...... 5-2 5.2 Access to Construction Yards ...... 5-8

SMDI Consultants, Inc. ii THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report 5.3 Depot Connection ...... 5-12 6 OPERATION PERIOD SUMMARY...... 6-21 6.1 LOS Analysis Results ...... 6-21 6.1.1 2025 Operation Period ...... 6-21 6.1.2 2030 Operation Period ...... 6-22 6.2 Detour Analysis ...... 6-28 6.3 Vehicle Margin Estimation ...... 6-30 7 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 7-1 7.1 Metro Manila ...... 7-2 7.1.1 Capacity Analysis ...... 7-3 7.1.2 Issues on Traffic Management ...... 7-3 7.2 Province of Laguna ...... 7-9 7.2.1 Capacity Analysis ...... 7-10 7.2.2 Issues for Traffic Management ...... 7-10

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2.1. Study Area ...... 2-1 Figure 2.2. Area 1 Survey Locations ...... 2-4 Figure 2.3. Area 2 Survey Locations ...... 2-5 Figure 2.4. Area 3 Survey Locations ...... 2-6 Figure 2.5. Area 4 Survey Locations ...... 2-7 Figure 2.6. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 1) ...... 2-9 Figure 2.7. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 2) ...... 2-10 Figure 2.8. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 3) ...... 2-11 Figure 2.9. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 4) ...... 2-12 Figure 2.10. Weekday vs Weekend Hourly Volume Distribution in PCU ...... 2-16 Figure 2.11. Metro Manila vs Laguna Traffic (Weekday) ...... 2-17 Figure 2.12. Metro Manila vs Laguna Traffic (Weekend) ...... 2-17 Figure 2.13. Weekday Hourly Traffic Distribution in Vehicles ...... 2-18 Figure 2.14. Weekday Vehicle Composition ...... 2-19 Figure 2.15. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 1) ...... 2-20 Figure 2.16. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 2) ...... 2-21 Figure 2.17. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 3) ...... 2-22 Figure 2.18. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 4) ...... 2-23 Figure 2.19. Truck Traffic at the 24-Hour Volume Count Survey Locations ...... 2-24 Figure 2.20. Weekday Total Pedestrian Traffic ...... 2-25 Figure 2.21. Weekend Total Pedestrian Traffic ...... 2-25

SMDI Consultants, Inc. iii THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Figure 2.22. Weekday vs Weekend Total Pedestrian Traffic ...... 2-26 Figure 2.23. Survey Location W2 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-27 Figure 2.24. Survey Location W3 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-27 Figure 2.25. Survey Location W5 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-27 Figure 2.26. Survey Location W6 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-28 Figure 2.27. Survey Location W8 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-28 Figure 2.28. Survey Location W14 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-28 Figure 2.29. Survey Location W15 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-29 Figure 2.30. Survey Location W18 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-29 Figure 2.31. Survey Location W19 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-29 Figure 2.32. Survey Location W20 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-30 Figure 2.33. Survey Location W21 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-30 Figure 2.34. Survey Location S1 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-30 Figure 2.35. Survey Location E1 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-31 Figure 2.36. Survey Location E2 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-31 Figure 2.37. Survey Location E4 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-31 Figure 2.38. Survey Location E5 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-32 Figure 2.39. Survey Location E8 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-32 Figure 2.40. Survey Location E4 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-32 Figure 2.41. Survey Location E18 Phasing Diagram ...... 2-33 Figure 2.42. SIS Cycle Lengths ...... 2-33 Figure 2.43. Travel Time Checkpoints and Route for Northbound ...... 2-34 Figure 2.44. Travel Time Checkpoints and Route for Southbound ...... 2-35 Figure 2.45. AM Average Travel Speeds ...... 2-36 Figure 2.46. PM Average Travel Speeds ...... 2-37 Figure 2.47. Night Average Travel Speeds ...... 2-38 Figure 2.48. E11: Manuel L. Quezon/ Meralco Rd...... 2-39 Figure 2.49. W20: Manila S Rd/ Mayapa-Canlubang Cadre Rd...... 2-39 Figure 2.50. W2: Tayuman Rd/Abad Santos St ...... 2-40 Figure 2.51. E21: JP Rizal St/Parian Rd ...... 2-40 Figure 2.52. W1: Juan Luna St/ Hermosa St ...... 2-41 Figure 2.53. E14: Arandia St/ Rodriguez St ...... 2-41 Figure 2.54. E11: Manuel L. Quezon/ Meralco Rd ...... 2-41 Figure 2.55. E18: Manila S Rd/ Rizal Blvd ...... 2-42 Figure 2.56. W7: Quirino Ave/ Paco-Sta Mesa Rd ...... 2-42 Figure 2.57. E6: Ramon Magsaysay Blvd Service Rd Rail Crossing ...... 2-43 Figure 2.58. Maximum Queue Lengths at Tutuban-Alabang Segment (1) ...... 2-44 Figure 2.59. Maximum Queue Lengths at Tutuban-Alabang Segment (2) ...... 2-45 Figure 2.60. Maximum Queue Lengths at Alabang-Calamba Segment ...... 2-46 Figure 3.1. Queuing Analysis in PTV Vistro 6 ...... 3-4 Figure 3.2. Signal Optimization of PTV Vistro 6 ...... 3-5 Figure 3.3. Intersections affected during Construction Period (Area 2) ...... 3-7

SMDI Consultants, Inc. iv THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Figure 3.4. Intersections affected during Construction Period (Area 3) ...... 3-8 Figure 3.5. Intersections affected during Construction Period (Area 4) ...... 3-9 Figure 3.6. Projected Turning Volumes for E15 during Operation Period (2030)...... 3-10 Figure 3.7. Intersections affected during Operational Period (Area 1) ...... 3-12 Figure 3.8. Intersections affected during Operational Period (Area 2) ...... 3-13 Figure 3.9. Intersections affected during Operational Period (Area 3) ...... 3-14 Figure 3.10. Intersections affected during Operational Period (Area 4) ...... 3-15 Figure 3.11. Projected Turning Volumes for E13 during Operation Period (2030)...... 3-16 Figure 4.1. Area 1 Current Intersection Delays and LOS ...... 4-3 Figure 4.2. Area 2 Current Intersection Delays and LOS ...... 4-4 Figure 4.3. Area 3 Current Intersection Delays and LOS ...... 4-5 Figure 4.4. Area 4 Current Intersection Delays and LOS ...... 4-6 Figure 5.1. Area 1 2020 LOS and Delay ...... 5-2 Figure 5.2. 2025 Area 1 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS and Delay ...... 5-4 Figure 5.3. 2025 Area 3 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS and Delay ...... 5-5 Figure 5.4. 2025 Area 3 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS and Delay ...... 5-6 Figure 5.5. 2025 Area 4 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS and Delay ...... 5-7 Figure 5.6. Area 2 Large Trucks Margin during 10:00PM to 6:00AM ...... 5-9 Figure 5.7. Sucat and Area 3 Large Trucks Margin during 10:00PM to 6:00AM ...... 5-10 Figure 5.8. Area 4 Large Trucks Margin during 10:00PM to 6:00AM ...... 5-11 Figure 5.9. Port to Depot ...... 5-12 Figure 5.10. Vehicle Template of the Trailer Truck 1 ...... 5-13 Figure 5.11. AutoTurn Simulation at Ayala Blvd/San Marcelino St ...... 5-15 Figure 5.12. AutoTurn Simulation at Quirino Ave/San Marcelino St ...... 5-15 Figure 5.13. AutoTurn Simulation at Osmeña Hwy/ Quirino Ave ...... 5-16 Figure 5.14. AutoTurn Simulation at Circumferential Road 3 ...... 5-16 Figure 5.15. Alternative Route Option from Port to the Depot ...... 5-17 Figure 5.16. AutoTurn Simulation at EDSA Ext./ Roxas Blvd...... 5-18 Figure 5.17. AutoTurn Simulation at EDSA Ext./Macapagal Blvd ...... 5-19 Figure 5.18. AutoTurn Simulation at Macapagal Blvd./NAIA Expressway ...... 5-19 Figure 5.19. AutoTurn Simulation at Sales Rd./Lawton Ave ...... 5-20 Figure 6.1. 2025 Area 1 LOS and Delay ...... 6-22 Figure 6.2. 2030 Area 1 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS and Delay ...... 6-24 Figure 6.3. 2025 Area 2 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS and Delay ...... 6-25 Figure 6.4. 2025 Area 3 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS and Delay ...... 6-26 Figure 6.5. 2025 Area 4 Unoptimized and Optimized LOS ...... 6-27 Figure 6.6. Detour Route 1 from Dr. ML Carreon St. (NB and SB) ...... 6-29 Figure 6.7. Detour Route 2 to Dr. ML Carreon St. (SB) ...... 6-29 Figure 6.8. Area 1 Vehicle Margins – Operation Period...... 6-33 Figure 6.9. Area 2 Vehicle Margins – Operation Period...... 6-34 Figure 6.10. Area 3 Vehicle Margins – Operation Period ...... 6-35 Figure 6.11. Area 3 Vehicle Margins – Operation Period ...... 6-36

SMDI Consultants, Inc. v THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Figure 7.1. Metro Manila ...... 7-2 Figure 7.2. Issues for Traffic Management in City of Manila ...... 7-6 Figure 7.3. Issues for Traffic Management in City of Makati ...... 7-7 Figure 7.4. Issues for Traffic Management in Cities of Taguig and Parañaque ...... 7-8 Figure 7.5. Issues for Traffic Management in Muntinlupa City ...... 7-9 Figure 7.6. Province of Laguna ...... 7-10 Figure 7.7. Issues for Traffic Management in the Cities of San Pedro and Biñan ...... 7-12 Figure 7.8. Issues for Traffic Management in the Cities of Sta. Rosa and Cabuyao ...... 7-13 Figure 7.9. Issues for Traffic Management in City of Calamba and Los Baños ...... 7-14

LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1. List of Survey Intersections ...... 2-2 Table 2.2. List of CDVVC Survey Intersections ...... 2-13 Table 2.3. Weekday vs Weekend 16 Hour Traffic (CDVVC) ...... 2-15 Table 2.4. Weekday vs Weekend Pedestrian Traffic per Location ...... 2-24 Table 2.5. Average Travel Time along MacArthur Highway ...... 2-36 Table 3.1. LOS Criteria (HCM) ...... 3-3 Table 3.2. Intersections affected during Construction Period ...... 3-6 Table 3.3. Intersections affected during Operation Period ...... 3-11 Table 4.1. Current Capacity Analysis - Unoptimized ...... 4-1 Table 4.2. Current Capacity Analysis - Optimized ...... 4-7 Table 5.1. Growth Rates (Construction Period) ...... 5-1 Table 5.2. Summary of LOS Analysis for Construction Period (2020) ...... 5-1 Table 5.3. Summary of LOS Analysis for Construction Period (2025) ...... 5-2 Table 5.4. Summary of Construction Vehicles Margin (2025) ...... 5-8 Table 5.5. Results of the Swept Path Analysis ...... 5-14 Table 5.6. Results of the Swept Path Analysis ...... 5-18 Table 6.1. Growth Rates (Operational Period) ...... 6-21 Table 6.2. Summary of LOS Analysis for Operational Period (2025) ...... 6-21 Table 6.3. Summary of LOS Analysis for Operational Period (2030) ...... 6-23 Table 6.4. Vehicles at Dr. ML Carreon St during Operation Period ...... 6-28 Table 6.5. Vehicle Margin Analysis ...... 6-30 Table 6.6. Intersections affected during Operational Period ...... 6-30 Table 6.7. Summary of Vehicle Margins - Operation Period ...... 6-31 Table 6.8. Summary of Vehicle Margin for Survey Location W3 ...... 6-32 Table 7.1. Study Intersections in Metro Manila ...... 7-4 Table 7.2. Capacity Analysis on the Study Intersections in Laguna ...... 7-11

SMDI Consultants, Inc. vi THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report CHAPTER 1 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND

SMDI Consultants, Inc. was engaged by Oriental Consultants on behalf of Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to undertake traffic surveys from Solis in the city of Manila to Los Banos in Laguna. The NSCR Project South Line will utilize the existing Philippine National Railways (PNR) right- of-way which passes through the cities of Manila, Makati, Taguig, and Muntinlupa in Metro Manila and the cities of San Pedro, Binan, Sta. Rosa, Cabuyao, and Calamba in the province of Laguna. The construction and operation of the NSCR are expected to affect the capacity and traffic flow of the adjoining road network.

The traffic impact analysis aims to assess the current traffic conditions within the project area and the effect of the construction and eventual operations of the proposed North South Commuter Railway system. The output of the study is a draft Traffic Impact Assessment (TIA) report which details the recommendations on how to adequately manage the traffic conditions within the area during construction and post-construction phases of the project.

1.2 STUDY OBJECTIVES

The objectives of the study are the following:

• To assess the existing traffic characteristics at the study area using the data from volume counts, rail crossing and travel time and delay surveys. • To determine the impact of the forecasted traffic during the construction and operation period on the capacity of the adjoining road network. • To recommend appropriate traffic management and improvement measures during the construction and operation period of the project. • To prepare a draft Traffic Impact Assessment report for the construction and operations of the North South Commuter Railway project for the approval of the Provincial Government of Laguna, Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and concerned local government units (LGUs).

1.3 SCOPE OF WORK

The final output of the study is the formulation of the draft Traffic Impact Assessment report that covers two future periods, namely, construction and operation periods. The report examines the impact of the railway project to adjacent roads through the analyses of 45 intersections in the project’s vicinity.

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | INTRODUCTION 1-1

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report a) Data gathering – site reconnaissance and traffic surveys were conducted. Six types of traffic surveys were conducted, two of which were done for a weekday and a weekend as listed below:

• Lane Configuration in Intersection Surveys (LCIS) - prior to survey day • Classified Directional Vehicle Volume Counts (CDVVC) -15-Mar (Thurs), 17-Mar (Sat) & -20-Mar (Tues) • Directional Pedestrian Counts (DPC) -15-Mar (Thurs) & 17-Mar (Sat) • Rail Crossing Survey -15-Mar (Thurs) • Signal Indication Surveys (SIS) -15-Mar (Thurs) • Travel Time and Delay Survey (TTDS) -15-Mar (Thurs)

b) Data Analysis – this encompasses three study periods as follows:

• Existing Traffic Conditions – traffic survey results were summarized to determine the peak hour to serve as the baseline data for analysis. The current capacity of the intersections were then analyzed.

The survey locations were assessed based on their capacity to carry the future general traffic and the traffic volumes generated during the railway construction and operation. Future general traffic is expected to rise due to increase in population, increase in car ownership and development of new offices, commercial facilities and housing, among others. The two future periods are:

• Construction Period – The year of analysis for the construction period is set as 2020 and 2025. The section of Solis to Blumentritt will undergo a rapid construction at 2020. These survey locations will use the growth rate 0.9576 for 2020 as provided by the JICA Design Team. On the other hand, the year of analysis for the remaining section of Blumentritt to Calamba is set on the year 2025 with the growth rate varying depending on the area. The growth rate ranges from 0.9058 to 1.2377. Highest growth rate was computed for Area 4 at 1.2377% where cities of Calamba, Sta. Rosa and Cabuyao are located while the lowest increase in growth rate is forecasted for Area 1 in the city of Manila. Traffic conditions during this period will also be affected by construction vehicles will also pass through the survey intersections towards construction yards and the depot.

• Operation Period – The year of analysis for the operation period is set as 2025 and 2030. It is expected that the section of Solis to Blumentritt will operate earlier than the remaining section. The growth rate for Solis to Blumentritt was estimated at 0.9067. The growth rates for the remaining areas were estimated from 0.8951 to 1.4106. The highest SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | INTRODUCTION 1-2

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report increase in growth rate was seen again at Area 4 where the stations of Sta. Rosa, Cabuyao and Calamba stations are located. The lowest increase in growth rate was seen at Area 2 located at the cities of Manila (Paco), Makati, Taguig and Parañaque. Traffic conditions during this period will also be affected by the generation of feeder transportation to/from the railway stations and the shift in mode usage from existing public and private modes to the rail mode.

c) Consultations with government bodies – consultation with Local Government Units (LGUs), Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) and Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) will be conducted to gather their comments and recommendations regarding the analyzed the traffic capacities and formulated traffic management measures.

d) Preparation of reports – the following reports were prepared and submitted at certain stages of the study:

• Preparation Document of Traffic Assessment Survey • Traffic Assessment Survey • Current Capacity Analysis • Future Capacity Analysis • Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | INTRODUCTION 1-3

The study area covers 45 survey locations at the vicinity of the South Commuter line, as illustrated in Figure 2.1. These survey stations are in the cities of Manila, Makati, Taguig, Parañaque, Muntinlupa in Metro Manila and cities of San Pedro, Biñan, Sta. Rosa, Cabuyao and Calamba in Laguna.

Figure 2.1. Study Area SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-1

The vicinity of the Solis – Calamba commuter line is divided into four areas as summarized in Table 2.1 and illustrated in Figure 2.2 to Figure 2.5.

Table 2.1. List of Survey Intersections No. Name Area Intersection Name LGU Intersection 1 W1 1 Juan Luna St/ Hermosa St Manila Unsignalized 2 W2 1 Tayuman Rd/ Abad Santos St Manila Signalized 3 W3 1 Tayuman Rd/ Rizal Ave Manila Signalized 4 W4 1 Governor Forbes/ Dimasalang Rd Manila Signalized 5 W5 1 Governor Forbes/ Espana Blvd Manila Signalized 6 W6 1 C2/ R6 Manila Signalized 7 W7 2 Quirino Ave/ Paco-Sta Mesa Rd Manila Unsignalized 8 W8 2 Quirino Ave/ Pedro Gil St Manila Signalized 9 W9 2 R3 Rd Service road/ Buendia Ave Makati City Signalized 10 W10 2 E&W Service Rds / Abenida Lawton Taguig/ Pasay Unsignalized 11 W11 2 E&W Service Rds/ Dona Soledad Rd Taguig/ Unsignalized Parañaque 12 W12 2 E&W service Rds / Meralco Rd Muntinlupa Unsignalized Paranaque-Sucat Rd 13 W13 3 E&W Service Rds/ Montillano St Muntinlupa Signalized 14 W14 3 Manila S Rd/ Susana Rd Muntinlupa Signalized 15 W15 3 Manila S Rd/ Magsaysay Rd San Pedro Unsignalized 16 W16 3 Daang Governor/ Soro-Soro Barangay Rd Biñan Unsignalized 17 W17 3 Binan-Sta Rosa Access Rd/ Biñan Signalized 18 W18 4 Manila S Rd/ Rizal Blvd Sta. Rosa Signalized 19 W19 4 Manila S Rd/ Pulo-Diezmo Rd Cabuyao Signalized 20 W20 4 Manila S Rd/ Mayapa-Canlubang Cadre Calamba Signalized Rd 21 W21 4 Manila S Rd/ Jose P Rizal St Calamba Signalized 22 E1 1 Abad Santos Ave/ Hermosa St Manila Signalized 23 E2 1 Aurora Blvd/ Dimasalang Rd Manila Signalized 24 E3 1 Maceda St/ Maria Clara St Manila Signalized 25 E4 1 Maceda St/ Espana Blvd Manila Signalized 26 E5 1 Gregorio Araneta Ave/ Santa Mesa Blvd Quezon City Signalized 27 E6 1 Ramon Magsaysay Blvd- Service Rd Rail Manila Unsignalized Crossing 28 E7 2 Dr Jose P. Rizal Ave/ Chino Roces Ave Makati Unsignalized 29 E8 2 Amorsolo St/ Antonio Arnaiz Ave Makati Signalized 30 E9 2 E Service Rd/ C5 entrance Taguig Unsignalized 31 E10 2 E Service Rd/ General Santos Ave Taguig Roundabout 32 E11 2 Manuel L. Quezon/ Meralco Rd Muntinlupa Unsignalized

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-2

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report No. Name Area Intersection Name LGU Intersection 33 E12 3 Ilaya/ Montilliano St Muntinlupa Unsignalized 34 E13 3 Amparo St/ Rizal St Muntinlupa Unsignalized 35 E14 3 Arandia St/ Rodriguez St Muntinlupa Unsignalized 36 E15 3 J Luna St/ A. Mabini St San Pedro Unsignalized 37 E16 3 Manila S Rd/ San Francisco Rd/ A Bonifacio Biñan Unsignalized Rd 38 E17 3 Manila S Rd/ Malvar St Biñan Unsignalized 39 E18 3 Manila S Rd/ Rizal Blvd Sta. Rosa Signalized 40 E19 4 Rizal Blvd/ Tatlong Hari St Sta. Rosa Unsignalized 41 E20 4 Marinig/ Cabuyao Unsignalized 42 E21 4 JP Rizal St/ Parian Rd Calamba Unsignalized 43 S1 4 Manila S Rd/ Bucal Bypass Rd Calamba Signalized 44 S2 4 Manila S Rd/ Maahas Rd Los Baños Unsignalized 45 S3 4 Pili Dr/ IPB Rd Los Baños Unsignalized

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-3

Figure 2.2. Area 1 Survey Locations

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-4

Figure 2.3. Area 2 Survey Locations

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-5

Figure 2.4. Area 3 Survey Locations

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-6

Figure 2.5. Area 4 Survey Locations

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-7

The Lane Configuration in Intersection Surveys (LCIS) were conducted to determine the lane configurations that are necessary for capacity analysis, which include the number of lanes for each leg of the intersections, lane widths, directions and lane sharing. It was observed that surveyed intersections are mostly made of rigid pavement, the terrain in all study intersections is relatively flat and medians are present 32 out of 45 intersections.

The alignment of the PNR alignment passess thru different national highways/ roads in Metro Manila and Laguna. These highways are national roads that crosses different cities and municipalities. The PNR South alignment crosses different roads like Rizal Avenue, Dimasalang Street, Espana Blvd, Ramon Magsaysay until it aligns itself with Padre Zamora in Pandacan where it crosses the Pasig River in Manila. The alignment continues on at Quirino Avenue then the South Super Highway where it is parallel with the highway. The alignment then crosses several national roads in Makati like Buendia, Amorsolo, Don Bosco and EDSA. It will continue on to Muntinlupa following the South Luzon Expressway (SLEX) alignment which will cross several exits of SLEX like Nichols, Bicutan and Sucat. It will then align itself to Manila South Road where the current PNR alignment terminates at the city of Calamba, Laguna.

South Super Highway is a national highway that connects Metro Manila to the province of Laguna. It is a combination of a free and toll highway. The free highway is around 4-5 lanes and begins at Quirino Avenue and terminates at Sales Interchange in Taguig City. It continues as South Luzon Expressway which is an at-grade limited-access highway regulated by a toll from Sales Interchange in Taguig to the Laguna province. The expressway is around 4 – 5 lanes in each direction.

Manila South Road is a national road which is a section of the Pan Philippine Highway. It connects Metro Manila from Muntinlupa to the southern provinces of Luzon. The Manila South Road is a four lane national road in which several commercial establishments are access to. The poblacion of the cities of San Pedro, Biñan, Sta. Rosa, Cabuyao and Calamba are all accessible through Manila South road.

The summary of the number of lanes of the study area is presented in Figure 2.6 to Figure 2.9.

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-8

Figure 2.6. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 1)

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-9

Figure 2.7. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 2)

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-10

Figure 2.8. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 3)

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-11

Figure 2.9. LCIS Results – Number of Lanes (Area 4)

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-12

Results of the Classified Directional Vehicle Volume Counts (CDVVC) and Directional Pedestrian Counts (DPC) are summarized below.

2.3.1 Vehicular Traffic

Classified Directional Vehicle Volume Counts (CDVVC) were conducted to assess the current volume of vehicular traffic. Surveyors counted all traffic by vehicle type using 10 classifications and by direction at every 15-minute interval. These surveys were undertaken for either periods of 16 hours (starts at 6:00AM and ends at 10:00PM) and 24 hours (starts at 6:00AM and ends at 6:00AM the following day) on a weekday and a weekend for a total of 45 stations identified in Table 2.2 below:

Table 2.2. List of CDVVC Survey Intersections No. Name Area Intersection Name Duration 1 W1 1 Juan Luna St/ Hermosa St 16 2 W2 1 Tayuman Rd/ Abad Santos St 16 3 W3 1 Tayuman Rd/ Rizal Ave 16 4 W4 1 Governor Forbes/ Dimasalang Rd 16 5 W5 1 Governor Forbes/ Espana Blvd 16 6 W6 1 C2/ R6 16 7 W7 2 Quirino Ave/ Paco-Sta Mesa Rd 24 8 W8 2 Quirino Ave/ Pedro Gil St 16 9 W9 2 R3 Rd Service road/ Buendia Ave 24 10 W10 2 E&W Service Rds / Abenida Lawton 16 11 W11 2 E&W Service Rds/ Dona Soledad Rd 16 12 W12 2 E&W service Rds / Meralco Rd Paranaque-Sucat Rd 16 13 W13 3 E&W Service Rds/ Montillano St 24 14 W14 3 Manila S Rd/ Susana Rd 16 15 W15 3 Manila S Rd/ Magsaysay Rd 16 16 W16 3 Daang Governor/ Soro-Soro Barangay Rd 16 17 W17 3 Binan-Sta Rosa Access Rd/ 16 18 W18 4 Manila S Rd/ Rizal Blvd 16 19 W19 4 Manila S Rd/ Pulo-Diezmo Rd 16 20 W20 4 Manila S Rd/ Mayapa-Canlubang Cadre Rd 16 21 W21 4 Manila S Rd/ Jose P Rizal St 24 22 E1 1 Abad Santos Ave/ Hermosa St 24 23 E2 1 Aurora Blvd/ Dimasalang Rd 16 24 E3 1 Maceda St/ Maria Clara St 16 25 E4 1 Maceda St/ Espana Blvd 16 26 E5 1 Gregorio Araneta Ave/ Santa Mesa Blvd 16 27 E6 1 Ramon Magsaysay Blvd- Service Rd Rail Crossing 16

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-13

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report No. Name Area Intersection Name Duration 28 E7 2 Dr Jose P. Rizal Ave/ Chino Roces Ave 16 29 E8 2 Amorsolo St/ Antonio Arnaiz Ave 16 30 E9 2 E Service Rd/ C5 entrance 16 31 E10 2 E Service Rd/ General Santos Ave 16 32 E11 2 Manuel L. Quezon/ Meralco Rd 16 33 E12 3 Ilaya/ Montilliano St 16 34 E13 3 Amparo St/ Rizal St 16 35 E14 3 Arandia St/ Rodriguez St 16 36 E15 3 J Luna St/ A. Mabini St 16 37 E16 3 Manila S Rd/ San Francisco Rd/ A Bonifacio Rd 16 38 E17 3 Manila S Rd/ Malvar St 16 39 E18 3 Manila S Rd/ Rizal Blvd 16 40 E19 4 Rizal Blvd/ Tatlong Hari St 16 41 E20 4 Marinig/ 16 42 E21 4 JP Rizal St/ Parian Rd 16 43 S1 4 Manila S Rd/ Bucal Bypass Rd 16 44 S2 4 Manila S Rd/ Maahas Rd 16 45 S3 4 Pili Dr/ IPB Rd 16

The vehicles were classified as follows: 1. Passenger Car 2. Jeepney 3. UV Express 4. Bus (Large) 5. Coaster 6. Truck (Medium) 7. Truck (Large) 8. Motorcycle 9. Tricycle 10. Construction vehicle (in case of intersection Samson Road & M.H. del Pilar/Mabini St.) Others (Bicycle, non-motor)

The total number of vehicles were converted in terms of PCU. The PCU is a metric unit used in transportation engineering to assess traffic flow rate on a road or highway. It is a method that allows different vehicle types within a traffic flow group to be assessed in a consistent manner. Based on the MUCEP study conducted by JICA, one car is considered as a single unit, where car and UV Express have an equivalent of 1.0, 1.3 cars for jeepney, 2.5 cars for bus, truck (large) and construction vehicles, 2.0 cars for coaster and truck (medium), 0.3 cars for motorcycles, tricycles and others (like bicycles and non-motorized road-based vehicles).

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-14

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report The shaded cells in Table 2.3 highlight the day with bigger volumes. 29 out of 45 survey locations have higher weekday volumes compared to the weekend. Summing up the vehicle volume for all locations, the total weekday volume is determined to be 2,185,742 which is higher than the total weekend volume of 2,138,827.

Table 2.3. Weekday vs Weekend 16 Hour Traffic (CDVVC) Area Location Code Weekday Weekend E1 59,926 64,069 E2 57,204 60,023 E3 21,304 19,152 E4 74,543 75,017 E5 79,749 75,941 E6 7,511 8,017 1 W1 20,110 21,662 W2 58,238 55,193 W3 34,657 33,826 W4 53,970 51,911 W5 121,219 114,644 W6 62,677 57,101 E7 29,088 27,909 Metro E8 37,149 29,878 Manila E9 95,285 86,589 E10 63,101 49,730 E11 11,085 10,510 2 W7 79,077 76,647 W8 88,648 91,667 W9 66,344 65,807 W10 145,244 161,826 W11 96,340 95,745 W12 113,272 107,074 E12 11,721 12,258 E13 8,400 7,190 E14 6,134 5,803 W13 69,452 73,022 W14 43,544 46,562 3 W15 44,765 43,875 W16 27,638 27,605 W17 31,410 41,602 Laguna E15 13,596 13,024 E16 29,555 31,436 E17 44,483 50,267

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-15

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Area Location Code Weekday Weekend E18 71,018 39,772 E19 18,774 18,196 E20 6,120 5,932 E21 17,391 16,119 S1 36,761 43,172 S2 37,387 31,709 S3 11,017 8,034 4 W18 38,452 40,128 W19 39,636 39,475 W20 50,624 53,270 W21 52,128 50,437 TOTAL 2,185,742 2,138,827

The hourly volume distribution in terms of PCU was analyzed in order to establish the peak hour. The afternoon peak hour is 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM which is the same for both weekday and weekend traffic profile as presented in Figure 2.10Figure 2.10. Weekday vs Weekend Hourly Volume Distribution in PCU. On the other hand, weekday morning peak hour is 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM while weekend morning peak hour is 8:00 AM to 9:00 AM. It was also observed that during the weekday, the morning peak volume is higher compared to the afternoon peak volume. The case is opposite for the weekend where the afternoon peak volume is higher compared to morning peak volume.

151,134 145,081 150,223 160,000 141,975 140,000

120,000

100,000

80,000 Weekday 60,000 Weekend 40,000

Vehicular Volume in PCU in Volume Vehicular 20,000

8:00-9:00 PM 8:00-9:00

7:00-8:00 PM 7:00-8:00

6:00-7:00 PM 6:00-7:00

5:00-6:00 PM 5:00-6:00

4:00-5:00 PM 4:00-5:00

3:00-4:00 PM 3:00-4:00

2:00-3:00 PM 2:00-3:00

1:00-2:00 PM 1:00-2:00

8:00-9:00 AM 8:00-9:00

7:00-8:00 AM 7:00-8:00

6:00-7:00 AM 6:00-7:00

5:00-6:00 AM 5:00-6:00

4:00-5:00 AM 4:00-5:00

3:00-4:00 AM 3:00-4:00

2:00-3:00 AM 2:00-3:00

1:00-2:00 AM 1:00-2:00

12:00-1:00 PM 12:00-1:00

9:00-10:00 PM 9:00-10:00

9:00-10:00 AM 9:00-10:00

12:00-1:00 AM 12:00-1:00

11:00-12:00 PM 11:00-12:00

10:00-11:00 PM 10:00-11:00 10:00-11:00 AM 10:00-11:00 Time Period AM 11:00-12:00 Figure 2.10. Weekday vs Weekend Hourly Volume Distribution in PCU

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-16

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report The hourly traffic profile of survey locations in Metro Manila and Laguna were compared for both weekday and weekend as illustrated in Figure 2.11 and Figure 2.12 respectively. Since more sites have been surveyed in Metro Manila, the resulting volumes are higher than those located in Laguna for both survey dates.

109,517 109,157 108,500 120,000 109,739 100,000 80,000 60,000 41,976 41,723 40,000

Volume PCU in Volume 20,000

8:00-9:00 PM 8:00-9:00

7:00-8:00 PM 7:00-8:00

6:00-7:00 PM 6:00-7:00

5:00-6:00 PM 5:00-6:00

4:00-5:00 PM 4:00-5:00

3:00-4:00 PM 3:00-4:00

2:00-3:00 PM 2:00-3:00

1:00-2:00 PM 1:00-2:00

8:00-9:00 AM 8:00-9:00

7:00-8:00 AM 7:00-8:00

6:00-7:00 AM 6:00-7:00

9:00-10:00 PM 9:00-10:00

12:00-1:00 PM 12:00-1:00

9:00-10:00 AM 9:00-10:00

11:00-12:00 PM 11:00-12:00 10:00-11:00 AM 10:00-11:00 Metro Manila Laguna Time Period Figure 2.11. Metro Manila vs Laguna Traffic (Weekday)

108,178 108,530 108,393 120,000 103,261 100,000 80,000 36,902 36,318 60,000 36,446 38,305 38,714 40,000

Volume PCU in Volume 20,000

8:00-9:00 PM 8:00-9:00

7:00-8:00 PM 7:00-8:00

6:00-7:00 PM 6:00-7:00

5:00-6:00 PM 5:00-6:00

4:00-5:00 PM 4:00-5:00

3:00-4:00 PM 3:00-4:00

2:00-3:00 PM 2:00-3:00

1:00-2:00 PM 1:00-2:00

8:00-9:00 AM 8:00-9:00

7:00-8:00 AM 7:00-8:00

6:00-7:00 AM 6:00-7:00

9:00-10:00 PM 9:00-10:00

12:00-1:00 PM 12:00-1:00

9:00-10:00 AM 9:00-10:00 11:00-12:00 PM 11:00-12:00 10:00-11:00 AM 10:00-11:00 Metro Manila Laguna Time Period Figure 2.12. Metro Manila vs Laguna Traffic (Weekend)

It can be observed from the weekday profile that the Metro Manila traffic has almost similar hourly traffic volumes from 7:00 AM to 10:00 AM while the peak hour is more pronounced during the afternoon at 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM. The same can be observed in its weekend profile where similar hourly traffic volumes were calculated from 8:00 AM to 11:00 AM and the afternoon peak hour is at 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM.

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-17

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report For the Laguna weekday traffic, the peak hours were determined to be at 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM. However for the weekend traffic in Laguna, the hourly volumes from 8:00 to 11:00 AM are almost the same. This coincides with the observation of AM peak period of the Metro Manila weekend traffic. The weekend afternoon data also shows that there are similar hourly volumes from 4:00 PM to 6:00 PM.

Focusing on the weekday hourly traffic profile as shown in Figure 2.13, overall traffic peaks at 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM then decreases gradually until the 1:00 PM – 2:00 PM time band. Volume then increases again until it reaches its peak at 5:00 PM to 6:00 PM. Given these hourly profiles, it has been decided that the peak hour that will be used for current and future capacity analyses will be weekday 7:00 AM to 8:00 AM following the overall highest volume

As shown in Figure 2.14, the largest percentage share in terms of vehicle classification are private cars (35%) followed closely by motorcycles (33%). Tricycles come third at 11% as these are dominant public transport vehicles especially in the province. Other public transport vehicles such as jeepneys, UV express and buses are also significant in the study area at 9%, 2% and 1% respectively. Trucks also pass through the study intersections and take up 6% of the total traffic.

250,000 Others (bicycles, non-motor) Tricycles 200,000 Motorcycles

150,000 Construction Vehicles Truck (large) 100,000 Truck (Medium)

Volume vehicles) (in Volume Coaster 50,000

Bus (Large)

- UV Express

Jeepney

Private Vehicles Time Period

Figure 2.13. Weekday Hourly Traffic Distribution in Vehicles

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UV Express 35% Bus (Large)

Coaster

Truck (Medium)

33% Truck (large)

Construction Vehicles 9% Motorcycles 4% 0% Tricycles 2% 2% 0% 1%

Figure 2.14. Weekday Vehicle Composition

The weekday areal distribution of vehicular traffic volumes for the four areas are shown in Figure 2.15 to Figure 2.18Error! Reference source not found.. In the illustration, each circle represents a survey location which size is proportional to its 16-hour volume in terms of PCU. The highest traffic volumes were observed in W10 (E&W Service Rds/ Abenida Lawton) with a total system traffic of 145,244 PCUs followed by W5 (Lacson Ave/ Espana Blvd) at 121,219 PCUs and W12 (E&W Service Rds/ Meralco Rd/ Paranaque-Sucat Rd) at 113,272 PCUs. On the other hand, the lowest volume count was observed in E20 (Marinig St/) and E14 (Arandia St./ Rodriguez St.) at 6,120 PCUs and 6,134 PCUs respectively.

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Figure 2.15. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 1)

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Figure 2.16. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 2)

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Figure 2.17. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 3)

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Figure 2.18. CDVVC Weekday Areal Distribution of 16 Hour Traffic Volumes (Area 4)

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-23

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report The hourly distribution of truck traffic (medium, large and construction vehicles) is illustrated in Figure 2.19. The peak hour for trucks is at 10:00 AM – 11:00 AM which is the start of the window period of the unified truck ban being implemented by the Metro Manila Development Authority (MMDA) in the National Capital Region (NCR). is This is only applied during from Monday thru Friday and lifted during Sundays and holidays. Large trucks are only allowed to ply major thoroughfares within Metro Manila from 10:00 AM to 5:00 PM and 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM.

2500

2000

1500

1000 Truck Volume Truck 500

Time Period E1 W7 W9 W13 W21

Figure 2.19. Truck Traffic at the 24-Hour Volume Count Survey Locations

2.3.2 Pedestrian Volume

Directional Pedestrian Counts (DPC) were conducted simultaneously with CDVVC at the 4 (four) survey locations. Table 2.4 presents the weekday and weekend pedestrian counts per survey station. When the 24-hour counts for all survey locations have been added, the results show that the total pedestrian traffic during the weekend is higher at 145,903 compared with the weekday pedestrian traffic of 142,824. Comparing the four locations, the highest pedestrian traffic is observed at W13 (E&W Service Rds/ Montillano St.) as it is a major public transport transfer point and it is in the vicinity of several commercial activities. This is followed by W21 (Manila S Rd/ Jose P Rizal St) which is also surrounded by commercial establishments.

Table 2.4. Weekday vs Weekend Pedestrian Traffic per Location CODE WEEKDAY WEEKEND E1 15,715 13,253 W9 21,364 21,208 W13 72,767 79,055 W21 32,978 32,387 TOTAL 142,824 145,903

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-24

Figure 2.20. Weekday Total Pedestrian Traffic

Figure 2.21. Weekend Total Pedestrian Traffic SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-25

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report The directional pedestrian counts for the four survey locations are summarized in Figure 2.22. The peak hour for both the weekday and the weekend surveys are consistent with the vehicular peak hours which are from 7:00 AM - 8:00 AM and 5:00 PM – 6:00 PM.

14,000 12,230 11,426 12,000

10,000 8,261 7,121 8,000

6,000

4,000 Pedestrian Volume 2,000

Time Period

Total Weekday Total Weekend

Figure 2.22. Weekday vs Weekend Total Pedestrian Traffic

2.4 SIGNAL INDICATION SURVEY (SIS)

SIS was conducted during the weekday at two time periods, namely: 7:00 AM to 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM. All the twenty-one (21) intersections surveyed have working signals except for W9 (R3 Rd Service road/ Buendia Ave) for both AM and PM and W20 (Manila S Rd/ Mayapa-Canlubang Cadre Rd) in the morning. Both have existing traffic signal infrastructure but are turned off while traffic enforcers manage the congestion.

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Figure 2.23. Survey Location W2 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.24. Survey Location W3 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.25. Survey Location W5 Phasing Diagram

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Figure 2.26. Survey Location W6 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.27. Survey Location W8 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.28. Survey Location W14 Phasing Diagram SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-28

Figure 2.29. Survey Location W15 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.30. Survey Location W18 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.31. Survey Location W19 Phasing Diagram

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Figure 2.32. Survey Location W20 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.33. Survey Location W21 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.34. Survey Location S1 Phasing Diagram SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-30

Figure 2.35. Survey Location E1 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.36. Survey Location E2 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.37. Survey Location E4 Phasing Diagram

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-31

Figure 2.38. Survey Location E5 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.39. Survey Location E8 Phasing Diagram

Figure 2.40. Survey Location E4 Phasing Diagram

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Figure 2.41. Survey Location E18 Phasing Diagram

400 350 350 311 300

250

200

150 Cycle Cycle Length(s) 100

0 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W8 W14 W15 W18 W19 W20 W21 E1 E2 E4 E5 E8 E17 E18 S1

AM PM

Figure 2.42. SIS Cycle Lengths

Of the twenty (20) intersections that were recorded with functioning traffic signals, nine (9) have the same cycle length and signal phasing during AM and PM while the rest have different signal timings. The longest cycle length in the morning was observed in E18 (Manila S Rd/ Rizal Blvd) with 311 seconds or 5.18 minutes. However, in the afternoon this is surpassed by W6 (C2/ R6) with a cycle length of 350 seconds or 5.83 minutes. This long cycle length of E18 and W6 are affected by its five (5) phases, the greatest number of phases among the twenty (20) intersections. The shortest cycle length was

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-33

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report determined to be at W3 (Tayuman Rd/ Rizal Ave) with only 102 seconds in the morning and 76 seconds in the afternoon.

2.5 TRAVEL TIME AND DELAY SURVEY (TTDS)

The Travel Time and Delay Survey was conducted for the whole stretch of the study area. Travel Time and Delay survey was done on three time periods: morning, afternoon and night time. Both northbound and southbound have a different route. The routes are characterized as the west and east side of the current PNR alignment. The northbound as seen in Figure 2.43 starts from Calamba City then goes all the way back to Hermosa St in Manila. On the other hand, southbound as seen in Figure 2.44 begins at Hermosa then terminates at JP Rizal St in Calamba City.

Figure 2.43. Travel Time Checkpoints and Route for Northbound

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Figure 2.44. Travel Time Checkpoints and Route for Southbound

Table 2.5 summarizes the total travel time for both the northbound and southbound of the study area. The distance travel for the whole study area is about 60km from Calamba to Manila. The travel time in the morning is relatively around 2 to 3 hrs to travel depending on the direction. Southbound direction tends to have a higher travel time than those of northbound direction. The longest travel time is experienced during the afternoon from Bamban to Malolos at 3 hours and 36 minutes.

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-35

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Table 2.5. Average Travel Time along MacArthur Highway Direction Morning Afternoon Northbound 4 hrs, 2 mins 4 hrs, 22 mins (Calamba to Manila) Southbound 3 hrs, 9 mins 2 hrs, 50 mins (Manila to Calamba)

During the AM survey as seen in Figure 2.45, the slowest speeds were obtained starting from East Service Road / C5 which continues all the way to Santa Ana in Manila City for northbound and from Juan Luna / Tayuman to Quirino Hwy / Osmena Hwy for southbound. The average speed in between Hermosa / Abad Santos in the north and JP Rizal St / Manila S Rd in Laguna is determined to be 14.85 kph for northbound traversing east of the PNR alignment and 18.97 kph for southbound traversing west of the railway.

Figure 2.45. AM Average Travel Speeds SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-36

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Figure 2.46 illustrates the average travel speeds in the afternoon. The slowest speed was recorded from Maharlika Hwy / A. Mabini to A. Mabini / J. Luna in Laguna at 2.81 kph followed by the speed from Merville Exit to West Service Rd. / Bicutan Exit with only 5.55 kph. In general, the southbound route was calculated to be faster averaging at 21.11 kph compared to 13.70 kph for the northbound route.

Figure 2.46. PM Average Travel Speeds

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-37

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report The travel time and delay survey during night time was only to and from Hermosa / Abad Santos in Manila and ML Quezon Ave / Gen Paulino Santos Ave near Bicutan. It can be observed in Figure 2.47 that during the night time, the fastest speed was obtained from Quirino Hwy / Osmena Hwy to Quirino Hwy / EDSA at 55.11 kph while the slowest speed was recorded from Merville Exit to West Service Rd. / Bicutan Exit with a speed of only 2.60 kph.

Figure 2.47. Night Average Travel Speeds

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The following presents example cases of the causes of delays:

2.6.1 Bus/Jeepney Loading and Unloading

In the Philippines, drivers do not always stop at designated loading and unloading zones. Instead, boarding and alighting is done at the presence or preference of passengers close to their origin or destination. This includes stops close to intersections causing impedance in traffic flow and movements. Shown in the figure below is an example of improper unloading.

Figure 2.48. E11: Manuel L. Quezon/ Meralco Rd.

2.6.2 Traffic Signal

Signalized intersections are not always used by default, at Manila S Rd/ Mayapa-Canlubang Cadre Rd signals are set to flashing yellow at morning. The intersection functions as unsignalized but manned by traffic enforcers during congested periods. Other intersections such as at Tayuman Rd./Abad Santos St. function normally throughout the day, with countdown timer to guide motorists.

Figure 2.49. W20: Manila S Rd/ Mayapa-Canlubang Cadre Rd

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Figure 2.50. W2: Tayuman Rd/Abad Santos St

2.6.3 Uncontrolled Intersection

Potential cause of queueing and congestion is the absence of traffic lights, wherein flows depend on the gap acceptance, or willingness to give way of drivers. Major intersections are equipped with traffic lights although, when it becomes non-operational or ineffective, are unable to manage traffic movements properly, thus traffic enforcers intervene during peak hours. Example of uncontrolled intersection is E21: JP Rizal St/Parian Rd.

Figure 2.51. E21: JP Rizal St/Parian Rd

2.6.4 Parked Vehicle

Tricycles and pedicabs are improperly stationed, parked or are occupying road lanes, thereby decreasing the effective carriageway, resulting to a decrease in the carrying capacity of the road. Examples of illegally parked vehicles are shown in Figure 2.52 to Figure 2.54 contributing to road friction, causing other passing vehicles to slow down. Figure 2.52 also shows a tricycle terminal near

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-40

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report the intersection, causing impedance to traffic flow as they maneuver in and out of the said terminal are examples of illegal tricycles and pedicabs terminals near intersections.

Figure 2.52. W1: Juan Luna St/ Hermosa St

Figure 2.53. E14: Arandia St/ Rodriguez St

Figure 2.54. E11: Manuel L. Quezon/ Meralco Rd SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-41

Narrow streets are difficult to maneuver for longer vehicles such as bus, jeepneys and trucks, especially at turning movements. If the drivers fall short on their maneuver estimate, a reverse is needed to fit the narrow road. This causes impedance in the upstream or following vehicles. In addition, small vehicles such as tricycles and pedicabs are slower thus setting the pace for vehicles behind them. These small vehicles also cause delay as they turn at will towards minor roads or side streets. Naturally, tricycles are not allowed on the national highway as stated by Letter of Instruction No. 1482, s. 1985 or the Directing the Legalization Of “Colorum” Motorized Tricycles Article Section 10 which prohibits the operations of tricycle from national highway. As seen in Figure 2.55, tricycle was observed along Manila S Road.

Figure 2.55. E18: Manila S Rd/ Rizal Blvd

Figure 2.56. W7: Quirino Ave/ Paco-Sta Mesa Rd

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Another contributor to road friction is the presence of vendors and illegal settlers placing their possessions at the sidewalks and extending to the outer lanes. Pedestrians will then have to use road lanes, and worse some will occupy the road to transact with the vendors, causing delay to vehicle traffic. This is evident in E6: Ramon Magsaysay Blvd Service Rd Rail Crossing wherein the shade of the bridge makes the area conducive for vendors and the homeless.

Figure 2.57. E6: Ramon Magsaysay Blvd Service Rd Rail Crossing

2.7 RAIL CROSSING SURVEY

A total of 78 rail crossings have been surveyed for two weekdays last March 2018. The closure time due to train passing and the queue length due to each closure have been measured during the operation hours of the Philippine National Railways. The rail crossings in between Tutuban Station and Alabang Station (#1 to #45, #101) were surveyed from 5:00 AM to 9:00 PM while the crossings from Alabang Station and Calamba Station (#46 to #100) were only surveyed from 4:30 AM to 7:30 AM and 7:00 PM to 10:00 PM due to limited operations in this segment. Only two northbound trains pass by the Alabang – Calamba segment in the early morning and only two southbound trains operate in the late evening.

Figure 2.58 and Figure 2.59 illustrate the maximum queue lengths per rail crossing from Tutuban to Alabang Station. The longest queue was observed at #12 (Espana Blvd) at 262 meters followed by #21 (Dr. M. L. Carreon St) at 253 meters. Minimal to no queues were recorded for #43 (Espeleta St.) and #45 (T. Molina St) both located in Muntinlupa City.

The maximum queue lengths determined from rail crossings between Alabang and Calamba Station are significantly lower compared to the Tutuban – Alabang Segment as these were measured during off-peak hours. Figure 2.60 illustrates the queue lengths for each crossing for the Alabang – Calamba

SMDI CONSULTANTS, INC. | DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA 2-43

THE DETAILED DESIGN STUDY (INCLUDING SUPPLEMENTARY FEASIBILITY STUDY) OF THE MALOLOS – CLARK RAILWAY PROJECT AND THE NORTH SOUTH RAILWAY PROJECT – SOUTH LINE (COMMUTER) (Solis - Calamba)) Draft Traffic Impact Assessment Report Segment. The longest queue was observed at #84 (Rizal Blvd) at 191 meters followed by #67 (Pacita Ave) at 132 meters.

Figure 2.58. Maximum Queue Lengths at Tutuban-Alabang Segment (1)

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Figure 2.59. Maximum Queue Lengths at Tutuban-Alabang Segment (2)

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Figure 2.60. Maximum Queue Lengths at Alabang-Calamba Segment

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