Project Name

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Project Name PROPOSED UMSOBOMVU WIND ENERGY FACILITY, NORTHERN CAPE & EASTERN CAPE PROVINCES DEA Reference: 14/12/16/3/3/2/730 SCOPING REPORT Prepared for: InnoWind (Pty) Ltd. PO Box 1116 Port Elizabeth, 6000 South Africa Prepared by: EOH Coastal & Environmental Services EAST LONDON 16 Tyrell Road, Berea East London, 5201 043 726 7809 Also in Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, Cape Town, Johannesburg and Maputo (Mozambique) www.cesnet.co.za April 2015 COPYRIGHT INFORMATION This document contains intellectual property and propriety information that is protected by copyright in favour of Coastal & Environmental Services and the specialist consultants. The document may therefore not be reproduced, used or distributed to any third party without the prior written consent of Coastal & Environmental Services. This document is prepared exclusively for submission to InnoWind (Pty) Ltd, and is subject to all confidentiality, copyright and trade secrets, rules intellectual property law and practices of South Africa. This Report should be cited as follows: EOH Coastal & Environmental Services, November 2014: Proposed Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility, Scoping Report, CES, East London. REVISIONS TRACKING TABLE CES Report Revision and Tracking Schedule Document Title Proposed Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility, Northern Cape & Eastern Cape Provinces Client Name & InnoWind (Pty) Ltd. Address PO Box 1116 Port Elizabeth, 6000 South Africa Document Reference DEA Ref: 14/12/16/3/3/2/730 Status Final Issue Date April 2015 Lead Author EOH Coastal & Ms Caroline Evans Environmental Services Reviewer EOH Coastal & Dr Cherie-Lynn Mack Environmental Services Study Leader or Registered Environmental EOH Coastal & Dr Alan Carter Assessment Practitioner Environmental Services Approval Report Distribution Circulated to No. of hard No. electronic copies copies Department of Environmental 2 2 Affairs (DEA) Department of Economic Development, Environmental 1 Affairs and Tourism (Eastern Cape) Department of Nature Conservation and 1 Environmental Affairs (Northern Cape) This document has been prepared in accordance with the scope of EOH Coastal & Environmental Services (CES) appointment and contains intellectual property and proprietary information that is protected by copyright in favour of CES. The document may therefore not be reproduced, used or distributed to any third party without the prior written consent of EOH Coastal & EOH Coastal& Environmental Services Environmental Services. This document is prepared exclusively East London for use by CES’s client. CES accepts no liability for any use of 16 Tyrell Road this document other than by its client and only for the purposes East London for which it was prepared. No person other than the client may 5214 copy (in whole or in part) use or rely on the contents of this +27 43 726 8313 document, without the prior written permission of CES. The [email protected] document is subject to all confidentiality, copyright and trade www.cesnet.co.za secrets rules, intellectual property law and practices of South Also in Grahamstown, Port Elizabeth, Cape Town Africa. Johannesburg and Maputo EOH Coastal & Environmental Services i Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility INFORMATION REQUIRED BY COMPETENT AUTHORITY In terms of Section 28(1) of the EIA Regulations (2010), a Scoping Report must contain all the information necessary for a proper understanding of the nature of issues identified during scoping, and must include– (j) Any specific information required by the competent authority. General Site Information Description of affected farm portions Farm Name Farm number 21 digit SG Code Size (ha) Klip Krands 60/1 C04800000000006000001 934 ha 133/0 C03000000000013300000 1 876 ha Holle Fountain 133/1 C03000000000013300001 672 ha 133/3 C03000000000013300003 150 ha 61/0 C04800000000006100000 1 110 ha 61/2 C04800000000006100002 1 765 ha Leeuw Hoek 61/4 C04800000000006100004 538 ha 61/6 C04800000000006100006 148 ha Elands Kloof 135/1 C03000000000013500001 16 ha 3/0 C04800000000000300000 1 765 ha 3/2 C04800000000000300002 1 076 ha 3/3 C04800000000000300003 1 101 ha Uitzicht 3/4 C04800000000000300004 1 069 ha 3/7 C04800000000000300007 1 298 ha 3/8 C04800000000000300008 903 ha Leuwe Kop 120/0 C03000000000012000000 2321 ha Elands Kloof 135/0 C03000000000013500000 358 ha Winterhoek 136/0 C03000000000013600000 1163 ha Location of the Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility EOH Coastal & Environmental Services ii Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility Photographs of the site (a) (b) EOH Coastal & Environmental Services iii Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility (c) (d) (e) (f) Photographs from sensitive visual receptors Information not yet available Turbine design specifications Nacelle height/Hub height Max. 137m Blade Diameter Max. 132m Foundation dimensions Max. 20m x 20m x 5m Laydown area dimensions 10 000m2 Generation Capacity Max. 4MW each Onsite measured wind parameters This information is considered, by the developer, to be confidential because of its commercial sensitivity. Generation capacity of the facility at delivery point Delivery point To be determined EOH Coastal & Environmental Services iv Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility THE PROJECT TEAM EOH Coastal & Environmental Services team and responsibilities Dr Cherie-Lynn Mack Project Leader Ms Caroline Evans Project Manager Dr Alan Carter Project Reviewer Mr Roy de Kock Agricultural Assessment Specialist Ms Tarryn Martin Ecological Assessment Specialist Ms Rosalie Evans Visual Assessment Specialist Additional sub-consultant team members and responsibilities Mr Gavin Anderson Umlando: Archaeological, Tourism and Resource Management: Heritage (History and Archaeological) Impact Assessment Dr John Almond Natura Viva CC: Paleontological Impact Assessment Mr Jon Smallie WildSkies Ecological Services (Pty) Ltd.: Avifaunal Monitoring and Impact Assessment Mr Werner Marais Animalia Zoological & Ecological Consultation CC: Bat Monitoring and Impact Assessment Dr Brett Williams Safetech: Noise Impact Assessment Ms Marchelle Terblanche INDEX (Pty) Ltd.: Social Impact Assessment EOH Coastal & Environmental Services v Umsobomvu Wind Energy Facility TABLE OF CONTENTS General Site Information ............................................................................................................. ii 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the study .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Environmental Authorisation in South Africa .................................................................... 1 1.3 Environmental Impact Assessment Process .................................................................... 1 1.4 Scoping Phase ................................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Nature and Structure of this Report ................................................................................. 5 1.6 Assumptions and Limitations ........................................................................................... 5 1.7 Details and Expertise of the Environmental Assessment Practitioner .............................. 5 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Project Locality ................................................................................................................ 8 2.2 Proposed Activity ........................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Wind Energy Facility (WEF) ....................................................................................... 10 2.2.2 Access roads ............................................................................................................. 12 2.2.3 Additional infrastructure ............................................................................................. 12 2.3 The development phases of a wind farm ....................................................................... 12 2.3.1 Preliminary civil works ............................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 Construction .............................................................................................................. 13 2.3.3 Electrical connection .................................................................................................. 15 2.3.4 Operational phase ..................................................................................................... 15 2.3.5 Decommissioning of the Wind farm ........................................................................... 16 2.4 Wind Measurement ....................................................................................................... 16 3 PROJECT NEED & DESIRABILITY ..................................................................................... 17 3.1 International ................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.1 The 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) .... 17 3.1.2 The Kyoto Protocol (2002) ......................................................................................... 17 3.2 National ......................................................................................................................... 18 3.2.1 National Development Plan (2011) ...........................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Lesotho Fourth National Report on Implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity
    Lesotho Fourth National Report On Implementation of Convention on Biological Diversity December 2009 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ADB African Development Bank CBD Convention on Biological Diversity CCF Community Conservation Forum CITES Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species CMBSL Conserving Mountain Biodiversity in Southern Lesotho COP Conference of Parties CPA Cattle Post Areas DANCED Danish Cooperation for Environment and Development DDT Di-nitro Di-phenyl Trichloroethane EA Environmental Assessment EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ERMA Environmental Resources Management Area EMPR Environmental Management for Poverty Reduction EPAP Environmental Policy and Action Plan EU Environmental Unit (s) GA Grazing Associations GCM Global Circulation Model GEF Global Environment Facility GMO Genetically Modified Organism (s) HIV/AIDS Human Immuno Virus/Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome HNRRIEP Highlands Natural Resources and Rural Income Enhancement Project IGP Income Generation Project (s) IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources LHDA Lesotho Highlands Development Authority LMO Living Modified Organism (s) Masl Meters above sea level MDTP Maloti-Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation and Development Project MEAs Multi-lateral Environmental Agreements MOU Memorandum Of Understanding MRA Managed Resource Area NAP National Action Plan NBF National Biosafety Framework NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NEAP National Environmental Action
    [Show full text]
  • Resource Overlap Within a Guild of Browsing Ungulates Inasouth African Savanna
    RESOURCE OVERLAP WITHIN A GUILD OF BROWSING UNGULATES INASOUTH AFRICAN SAVANNA by Lorene Breebaart submitted in partial fulfilment ofthe requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Range and Forage Resources School ofApplied Environmental Sciences Faculty ofScience and Agriculture University ofNatal PIETERMARITZBURG December 2000 11 ABSTRACT Food selection by free-ranging black rhinoceros, eland, giraffe and kudu as well as the utilisation ofvegetation types by the latter three browsers were investigated over an entire seasonal cycle, from June 1998 to July 1999, at Weenen Nature Reserve, KwaZulu-Natal. The study was aimed at determining the extent ofresource overlap within this browser guild. Feeding habits ofeland, giraffe and kudu were studied by direct observations, while a plant-based technique was used for black rhinoceros. Dung counts were conducted to monitor selection for vegetation types. Overlap was estimated by measuring the similarities in resource utilisation patterns. Giraffe were exclusively browsers, feeding mostly on woody foliage, over the complete seasonal cycle. The bulk ofthe annual diet ofkudu also consisted ofwoody browse, although forbs were important and their use increased from early summer to winter. The annual diet of eland consisted ofapproximately equal proportions ofgrass and browse, with pods making up almost a third ofthe diet. Similar to kudu, forbs were more prominent in the winter diet, while grass use decreased. During winter, overlap in forage types generally increased and was considerable because the browsers did not resort to distinct forage 'refuges'. Overlap in the utilisation of woody plant species, however, decreased as animals diversified their diets. Nonetheless, overlap was extensive, primarily owing to the mutual utilisation ofAcacia karroa and Acacia nilatica.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Cape Town
    The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgementTown of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Cape Published by the University ofof Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University Woody vegetation change in response to browsing in Ithala Game Reserve, South Africa Ruth Wiseman Town Percy FitzPatrick Institute 0/ African Ornithology, University o/Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, Cape Town, South Africa Cape of Key words: browsers, conservation, elephant, Ithala, vegetation Running title: Vegetation change in Ithala Game Reserve University Vegetation change in lthala Game Reserve Abstract Wildlife populations in southern Africa are increasingly forced into smaller areas by the demand for agricultural and residential land, and many are now restricted by protective fences. Although numerous studies have focussed on the impacts of elephants and other browsers on vegetation in large, open areas, less is known of their effects in restricted areas. The woody vegetation in Ithala Game Reserve, a fenced conservation area of almost 30 000 ha, was monitored annually from 1992 to 2000 to assess the impact of browsers on vegetation structure and composition. Three Towncategories of tree were identified: those declining in abundance (e.g. Aloe marlothii and A. davyi), those increasing in abundance (e.g. Seolopia zeyheri andCape Euclea erispa), and those with stable populations (e.g. Rhus lucida and Gymnosporiaof buxifolia). Species declining in abundance were generally palatable and showed low recruitment and high mortality rates.
    [Show full text]
  • Rademan Et Al., Afr., J. Complement Altern Med. (2019) 16 (1): 13-23 I1.2
    Rademan et al., Afr., J. Complement Altern Med. (2019) 16 (1): 13-23 https://doi.org/10.21010/ajtcam.v16 i1.2 THE ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF FOUR INDIGENOUS SOUTH AFRICAN PLANTS. Sunelle Rademana, Preethi G. Anantharajub, SubbaRao V. Madhunapantulab and Namrita Lalla aDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.b Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Bannimantapa, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar, Mysore, 570 015, Karnataka, India. Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]. Article History Received: March, 05. 2018 Revised Received: June, 19. 2018 Accepted: June. 19, 2018 Published Online: Feb. 27, 2019 Abstract Background: Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Limitations of current cancer therapies necessitate the search for new anticancer drugs. Plants represent an immeasurable source of bioactive compounds for drug discovery. The objective of this study was to assess the anti-proliferative and antioxidant potential of four indigenous South African plants commonly used in traditional medicine. Materials and Methods: The anti-proliferative activity of the plant extracts were assessed by the 2,3-Bis-(2-Methoxy-4- Nitro-5-Sulfophenyl)-2H-Tetrazolium-5-Carboxanilide (XTT) assay on A431; HaCat; HeLa; MCF-7 and UCT-Mel 1 cells and sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay on HCT-116 and HCT-15 cell lines. Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide scavenging assays. Results: Three of the plant extracts (Combretum mollefruit, Euclea crispa subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • In Vitro Antioxidant Potential of Euclea Crispa (Thunb.) Leaf Extracts Chella Perumal Palanisamy, Devaki Kanakasabapathy1, Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa
    [Downloaded free from http://www.phcogres.com on Wednesday, May 12, 2021, IP: 223.186.91.179] Pharmacogn. Res. ORIGINAL ARTICLE A multifaceted peer reviewed journal in the field of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products www.phcogres.com | www.phcog.net In vitro Antioxidant Potential of Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Leaf Extracts Chella Perumal Palanisamy, Devaki Kanakasabapathy1, Anofi Omotayo Tom Ashafa Phytomedicine and Phytopharmacology Research Group, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, QwaQwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, South Africa, 1Department of Biochemistry, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India ABSTRACT leum ether extract Background: Euclea crispa is a South African medicinal plant belonging • The fresh E. crispa leaves displayed high content of enzymatic and nonenzy‑ to the family Ebenaceae. Objectives: The objective of this study was to matic antioxidants. analyze the in vitro antioxidant activity of different extracts of E. crispa leaves. Materials and Methods: 2, 2‑diphenyl‑1‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, reducing power assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay, hydroxyl scavenging assay, and nitric oxide scavenging assay were used to analyze free‑radical scavenging activity. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total reduced glutathione (TRG), and estimation of vitamin C assays were carried out to analyze the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants on a fresh leaf of E. crispa. Results: The DPPH radical scavenging assay (135.4 ± 0.7 µg/ml), hydroxyl scavenging assay (183.6 ± 0.9 µg/ml), and nitric oxide scavenging assay (146.2 ± 1.3 µg/ml) showed the significant half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in ethanolic extract when compared to the ethyl acetate, chloroform, and petroleum ether extract of E.
    [Show full text]
  • The Classification of the Vegetation of Korannaberg Eastern Orange Free
    S.Afr.J.Bot., 1992, 58(3): 165 - 172 165 The classification of the vegetation of Korannaberg, eastern Orange Free State, South Africa. I. Afromontane fynbos communities P.J. du Preez National Museum, P.O. Box 266, Bloemfontein, 9300 Republic of South Africa Present address: Nature and Environmental Conservation Directorate, O.F.S. Provincial Administration, P.O. Box 517, Bloemfontein, 9300 Republic of South Africa Received 24 May 1991; accepted 16 March 1992 The Afromontane fynbos communities of Korannaberg were classified using TWINSPAN numerical analysis and refined by the Braun-Blanquet technique. The Passerina montana - Cymbopogon dieterlenii fynbos was divided into two communities, of which one was divided into two sub-communities. Descriptions of the plant communities include diagnostic species and the habitat features such as geology, altitude, aspect, slope and soil factors such as soil type, depth and rockiness of the soil surface. Die Afromontaanse fynbosgemeenskappe van Korannaberg is geklassifiseer deur middel van die TWINSPAN numeriese analise en verfyn met die Braun-Blanquet tegniek. Die Passerina montana - Cymbopogon dieter­ lenii fynbos is in twee gemeenskappe verdeel, waarvan een in twee subgemeenskappe verdeel is. Die gemeenskapsbeskrywings behels differensierende spesies en die habitateienskappe soos geologie, hoogte bo seevlak, aspek, helling en grondeienskappe soos grondsoort, diepte en klipperigheid van die grond­ oppervlak. Keywords: Afromontane fynbos communities, Braun-Blanquet techniques, eastern Orange Free State, vegetation-site relations. Introduction which the landowners have pooled some of their resources The term fynbos has been used widely in botanical for the purpose of conserving the wildlife on their combined literature. There is general consensus among botanists that properties (Earle & Basson 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Wasps and Bees in Southern Africa
    SANBI Biodiversity Series 24 Wasps and bees in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2014 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 Sep- tember 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Manage- ment: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include respon- sibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by, or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editing: Alicia Grobler Design & layout: Sandra Turck Cover design: Sandra Turck How to cite this publication: GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2014. Wasps and bees in southern Africa. SANBI Biodi- versity Series 24. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN: 978-1-919976-73-0 Manuscript submitted 2011 Copyright © 2014 by South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without written per- mission of the copyright owners. The views and opinions expressed do not necessarily reflect those of SANBI.
    [Show full text]
  • SABONET Report No 18
    ii Quick Guide This book is divided into two sections: the first part provides descriptions of some common trees and shrubs of Botswana, and the second is the complete checklist. The scientific names of the families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. Vernacular names are also arranged alphabetically, starting with Setswana and followed by English. Setswana names are separated by a semi-colon from English names. A glossary at the end of the book defines botanical terms used in the text. Species that are listed in the Red Data List for Botswana are indicated by an ® preceding the name. The letters N, SW, and SE indicate the distribution of the species within Botswana according to the Flora zambesiaca geographical regions. Flora zambesiaca regions used in the checklist. Administrative District FZ geographical region Central District SE & N Chobe District N Ghanzi District SW Kgalagadi District SW Kgatleng District SE Kweneng District SW & SE Ngamiland District N North East District N South East District SE Southern District SW & SE N CHOBE DISTRICT NGAMILAND DISTRICT ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA NORTH EAST DISTRICT CENTRAL DISTRICT GHANZI DISTRICT KWENENG DISTRICT KGATLENG KGALAGADI DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTHERN SOUTH EAST DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTH AFRICA 0 Kilometres 400 i ii Trees of Botswana: names and distribution Moffat P. Setshogo & Fanie Venter iii Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. & VENTER, F. 2003. Trees of Botswana: names and distribution. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 18. Pretoria. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Tel: (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), c/o National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001 Pretoria and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone.
    [Show full text]
  • Shrubland Communities of the Rocky Outcrops
    S. Afr. J. Bot. 1998,64(1) 1- 17 Vegetation ecology of the southern Free State: Shrubland communities of the rocky outcrops P.W. Malan " H.J-T. Venter and P.J. du Preez p.o. Box 292, Mafikeng, 2745 Republic of South Africa Received 20 Fehruary f 997; revised 28 Juzv /9!r A phytosociologica[ analysis of the vegetation of the rocky outcrops of the southern Free State is presented. Releves were compiled in 185 stratified random sample plots. A TWINSPAN classification, refined by Braun-Blanquet procedures, resulted in 35 plant communities. All these communities have ecological similarities and diffe rences as pomted out by the DCA ordination. The described communities serve as a basis for their spatial distribution in this area as well as for determining their conservation status in the face of increasing development and agricultu re. Keywords: 8rau n~Blanquet vegetation classification, DECORANA ordination, habitat re la ted, rocky outcrops, southern Free State, TWIN SPAN . • To whom correspondence should be addressed. Introduction Methods The Grassland Biome in South Afri ca is under heavy pressure Releves wen:: compiled in 185 stratilicd random sample plots. Sur­ from several different forms of man induced activities (Du Preez veys v,·ere do ne during the summer and late summer of 1993 and 1991 ). To enable optimal resource ut il ization and conservation, a 1994. Stratification was hased on rainfall, topographical po ~i tion vegetation classification program has been implemented in the (slope. crest and plateau). soi l form and geology. No care was taken Gras sland Biome (Mentis & Huntley 1982; Scheepers 1987).
    [Show full text]
  • Kirstenbosch NBG List of Plants That Provide Food for Honey Bees
    Indigenous South African Plants that Provide Food for Honey Bees Honey bees feed on nectar (carbohydrates) and pollen (protein) from a wide variety of flowering plants. While the honey bee forages for nectar and pollen, it transfers pollen from one flower to another, providing the service of pollination, which allows the plant to reproduce. However, bees don’t pollinate all flowers that they visit. This list is based on observations of bees visiting flowers in Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, and on a variety of references, in particular the following: Plant of the Week articles on www.PlantZAfrica.com Johannsmeier, M.F. 2005. Beeplants of the South-Western Cape, Nectar and pollen sources of honeybees (revised and expanded). Plant Protection Research Institute Handbook No. 17. Agricultural Research Council, Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa This list is primarily Western Cape, but does have application elsewhere. When planting, check with a local nursery for subspecies or varieties that occur locally to prevent inappropriate hybridisations with natural veld species in your vicinity. Annuals Gazania spp. Scabiosa columbaria Arctotis fastuosa Geranium drakensbergensis Scabiosa drakensbergensis Arctotis hirsuta Geranium incanum Scabiosa incisa Arctotis venusta Geranium multisectum Selago corymbosa Carpanthea pomeridiana Geranium sanguineum Selago canescens Ceratotheca triloba (& Helichrysum argyrophyllum Selago villicaulis ‘Purple Turtle’ carpenter bees) Helichrysum cymosum Senecio glastifolius Dimorphotheca
    [Show full text]
  • Galago Moholi)
    SPECIES DENSITY OF THE SOUTHERN LESSER BUSHBABY (GALAGO MOHOLI) AT LOSKOP DAM NATURE RESERVE, MPUMALANGA, SOUTH AFRICA, WITH NOTES ON HABITAT PREFERENCE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS BY IAN S. RAY DR. EVELYN BOWERS, CHAIRPERSON BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA MAY 2014 SPECIES DENSITY OF THE SOUTHERN LESSER BUSHBABY (GALAGO MOHOLI) AT LOSKOP DAM NATURE RESERVE, MPUMALANGA, SOUTH AFRICA, WITH NOTES ON HABITAT PREFERENCE A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF ARTS BY IAN S. RAY Committee Approval: ____________________________________ ________________________ Committee Chairperson Date ____________________________________ ________________________ Committee Member Date ____________________________________ ________________________ Committee Member Date Departmental Approval: ____________________________________ ________________________ Department Chairperson Date ____________________________________ ________________________ Dean of Graduate School Date BALL STATE UNIVERSITY MUNCIE, INDIANA MAY 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ABSTRACT. iii 2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. iv 3. LIST OF TABLES. .v 4. LIST OF FIGURES. vi 5. LIST OF APPENDICES. .vii 6. INTRODUCTION. .1 a. BACKGROUND AND THEORY. 1 b. LITERATURE REVIEW. 2 i. HABITAT. 4 ii. MORPHOLOGY. .5 iii. MOLECULAR BIOLOGY. 7 iv. REPRODUCTION. .8 v. SOCIALITY. 10 vi. DIET. 11 vii. LOCOMOTION. .12 c. OBJECTIVES. 13 7. MATERIALS AND METHODS. .15 a. STUDY SITE. .15 b. DATA COLLECTION. 16 c. DATA ANLYSES. .16 8. RESULTS. 20 a. SPECIES DENSITY. 20 i b. ASSOCIATED PLANT SPECIES. 21 9. DISCUSSION. 24 a. SPECIES DENSITY. 24 b. HABITAT PREFERENCE. 25 10. CONCLUSION. 28 11. REFERENCES CITED. 29 12. APPENDICES. 33 ii ABSTRACT THESIS: Species Density of the Southern Lesser Bush Baby (Galago moholi) at Loskop Dam Nature Reserve, Mpumalanga, South Africa with notes on habitat preference.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Use Analysis of a Reintroduced Black Rhino (Diceros Bicornis) Population John H
    Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Honors College at WKU Projects Spring 5-20-2013 Habitat Use Analysis of a Reintroduced Black Rhino (Diceros bicornis) Population John H. Clark Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Clark, John H., "Habitat Use Analysis of a Reintroduced Black Rhino (Diceros bicornis) Population" (2013). Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects. Paper 402. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/stu_hon_theses/402 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College Capstone Experience/ Thesis Projects by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. HABITAT USE ANALYSIS OF A REINTRODUCED BLACK RHINO (Diceros bicornis) POPULATION A Capstone Experience/Thesis Project Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science with Honors College Graduate Distinction at Western Kentucky University By John H. Clark ***** Western Kentucky University 2013 CE/T Committee: Approved by Professor Michael Stokes, Advisor Professor Bruce Schulte ______________________ Advisor Professor Michael Smith Department of Biology Copyright by John H. Clark 2013 ABSTRACT Prior to the 20th century black rhinos (Diceros bicornis) were the most prevalent rhino species with population estimates reaching 850,000 individuals (Rhino Resource Center, May 2013). The black rhino underwent the single fastest and most severe decline of all large mammal species from the 1960s to the 1990s, resulting in current population estimates of 3,600 animals (Emslie, 2012; Hillman-Smith and Groves, 1994).
    [Show full text]