DOCSLIB.ORG

Vegetation Survey of Meeks Creek Watershed

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vegetation Survey of Meeks Creek Watershed SWANSON HYDROLOGY + GEOMORPHOLOGY Appendix B. Vegetation Survey of Meeks Creek Watershed ecological system science hydrology + geomorphology restoration engineering regulatory compliance BOTANICAL RESOURCES OF MEEKS CREEK WATERSHED PURPOSE The study of vegetation carried out for this project includes preparation of a map of existing vegetation communities and a description of the ecological conditions of those communities. These can be used to compare the predicted consequences of different restoration options and as a baseline map for monitoring restoration effects. In addition, this study addresses pre-settlement vegetation and ecological processes - the only available reference basis for the restoration objectives of some of the community types. METHODS A comprehensive search was made from available published and unpublished information on the vegetation resources in Meeks Meadow, Campground and Marina (Study Area). The literature reviewed included: Lake Tahoe Watershed Assessment (Murphy and Knopp et al. 2000), Meeks Creek and Taylor Creek Wetland Conservation Plan (WTNC 2002), Meadows in the Sierra Nevada of California (Ratliff 1985), Riparian Community Type Classification of the Sierra Nevada (Potter 2003) and Status of the Sierra Nevada (SNEP 1996). Refer to the Literature Cited section for a more complete literature listing. As appropriate, information from these and other references have been incorporated into this botanical resources report. The botanical resources of the Study Area were examined on foot during October 2003. Plant ecologists Brian Cleary (M.S.), and Adrian Juncosa (Ph.D.) carried out the botanical fieldwork. Plant communities were identified based on field observations and analysis of vegetation signatures using color orthophotos provided by Aerial Data Inc., at a scale of 1-inch = 200 feet. Due to the onset of inclement weather, the vegetation boundaries were mapped as hand-drawn polygons in-house, then digitized into GIS using an IKONOS color satellite photo provided by the U.S. Forest Service, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit (LTBMU). During the field survey, notes were recorded on plant communities and species composition including invasive and non-native plant species. Plant species observed were recorded and included as Attachment B-1. Additional species are likely to occur and would require further investigation during the spring and summer blooming period. A sequence of historic aerial photographs (1940-2003) were examined in an attempt to identify vegetation changes over time as a result of natural ecological processes, such as the effect of fire on the progression of different vegetation communities leading to a climax community, known as succession, and to reveal potential anthropogenic perturbations including logging, livestock use, and recreation associated with resource acquisition in Meeks Meadow and recreational development of Meeks Bay Campground and Marina. Vegetation communities such as Mixed Conifer Forest, Montane Chaparral, and herbaceous habitats including wet and dry Montane Meadows were readily distinguishable. Unfortunately, these aerial photos could not elucidate the B-1 ecological conditions that occurred prior to the Euro-American settlement that took place in the Lake Tahoe Basin during the mid 1800s. Thus, despite the value of historic aerial photographs, much of our understanding of ecological changes and processes is derived from knowledge of Sierra Nevada plant ecology and observations obtained from field studies rather than analysis of historic aerial photographs. VEGETATION CLASSIFICATION FOR THE STUDY AREA Sierra Nevada plant communities are extremely variable in size and shape. For example, riparian areas along stream banks are linear features that can vary from fractions of an acre to several acres wide, and they can contain plant communities that extend many feet in length. Conversely, a willow community in a meadow is a patchy feature that can occupy a fraction to several acres and have dimensions that are many feet on a side (Potter 2003). It is recognized that hydro-geomorphic features, including banks, shores, floodplains, bars and terraces, play a significant role in determining riparian plant community composition (Warner and Hendrix et al. 1984). Similarly, herbaceous meadow communities may be classified based on various moisture regimes that largely indicate the vegetation type and dominant species. With forest communities, broader physiographic differences including slope, aspect, precipitation, temperature, and soil development govern the distribution of this vegetation type, although their shared boundaries are seldom distinct (Whitney 1979). It is widely believed that most plant species are ordered along environmental gradients, therefore, it is important to note that overlap in species distribution is considered largely coincidental and independent, and this may create difficulties for plant ecologists attempting to classify intricate and complex vegetation communities. Smith and Houston (1989) suggest that the vast majority of spatial and temporal structure in vegetation can be attributed to competition among species for light and water, as plants grow larger. Nevertheless, vegetation classification is a language created to bring order out of apparent chaos (Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf 1995) and is particularly useful to develop a baseline vegetation map for analyzing restoration alternatives and long-term monitoring. For this study, no single existing classification system fully accommodated the observed and somewhat complex vegetation community types located on site. Some of the designations used for naming the plant communities within the watershed are based in part on the U.S. Forest Service Region 5 Ecology Group using the Calveg Series Classification System (Parker and Matayas 1979). Other references, including Sawyer and Keeler-Wolf (1995), CDFG (2002), and Potter (2003), identified similar mapping units, however, these sources did not provide sufficient overlap among the vegetation types located within the Study Area. To the extent feasible, an attempt was made to divide vegetation complexes into a level of detail that was accurate enough for practical application to the present project. B-2 In general, the dominant plant species were considered “indicator” plant species, and thus, were used to delineate the vegetation communities where necessary. However, attention was also given to the presence of non-native and native invasive plants with emphasis placed on the herbaceous wet meadow communities dominated by various hydrophytic (water-loving) graminoid (grasses and grass-like plants such as rushes and sedges) species. Typically, this wet meadow vegetation formed somewhat distinct mosaic patterns with conifer and willow communities across the Meeks Meadow landscape, although some portions of the site did not exhibit clear, identifiable vegetation boundaries. For example, numerous young lodgepole pines (Pinus contorta var. murrayana) appeared to be invading portions of Wet Graminoid Meadow community in mesic (i.e., seasonally not too wet or dry) areas on site. Such areas were intentionally mapped as Lodgepole Pine Forest to reflect the ecological significance of this invading species in the context of maximizing opportunities to restore wet meadow communities in Meeks Meadow. Conversely, vegetation communities such as Mixed Conifer Forest were not mapped at a level of detail based on dominant species (e.g., White-fir Forest and Jeffrey Pine Forest etc.), as this habitat is not the primary focus of the study. FLORISTICS AND NOMENCLATURE The majority of the vascular plant species were identified using site identification, although numerous plants, particularly the graminoid species, were identified based on detailed examination with the use of a dissecting scope. The Jepson Manual (Hickman 1993) supplied taxonomy and nomenclature, as well as information regarding the distribution and habitats for many of the species identified on site. Additional references included A California Flora and Supplement (Munz and Keck 1968), A Flora of Marshes of California (Mason 1969), and the Manual of Grasses of the United States (Hitchcock 1971). All plant species provided in this report, including dominant and associate species, are first introduced with the common name, followed parenthetically by the scientific name. Thereafter, only the common name is used for each plant. PLANT SPECIES ECOLOGY Information regarding the identification of dominant and associate plant species with respect to classifying the vegetation communities on site was based on a subjective, qualitative assessment of the relative cover and density for each species within a given area; no quantitative measurements such as transect sampling were carried out for this phase of the project. Based on the importance of attempting to predict the consequences of several alternatives for restoring Montane Riparian and Montane Wet Meadow communities in Meeks Meadow, the wetland indicator status of each plant was obtained from the 1987 Wetland Plant List, California (Reed 1988) to examine the likelihood of plants found in various soil moisture regimes with which the listed species are typically associated. B-3 Wetland indicator species are so designated according to their frequency of occurrence in wetlands. For instance, a species with a presumed frequency of occurrence of 67% to 99% in wetlands is designated a facultative wetland indicator species. The wetland indicator groups, indicator symbol
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Major Indicator Shrubs and Herbs in Riparian Zones on National Forests of Central Oregon
    United States Department of Major Indicator Shrubs and Agriculture Herbs in Riparian Zones on Forest Service National Forests of Pacific Northwest Central Oregon. Region by Bernard L. Kovaichik William E. Hopkins and Steven J. Brunsfeld Major Indicator Shrubs and Herbs in Riparian Zones on National Forests of Central Oregon By Bernard L. Kovaichik, Area IV Riparian Ecologist William E. Hopkins, Area IV Area Ecologist and Steven J. Brunsfeld, University of Idaho June, 1988 1988 USDA - Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region R6-ECOL-TP-005-88 I Acknowledgements: The authors wish to thank all those who kindlydonated their time to this publication. Thanks to Bill Hopkins and Rob Rawlings for blazingthe trail with their "Major indicator shrubs and herbson National Forests in eastern Oregon" (Hopkins and Rawlings, 1985). They developedthe format for this style of guide."Major indicator shrubs and herbs on National Forests of western Oregon and southwestern Washington"(Halverson and others, 1986) follows a similar format andwas another resource for developing this guide. Thanks to Carl Burke for illustrating some of thesketches in the glossary and Nancy Halverson, Linda Newman and Nancy Shaw forediting the document.Thanks to David Mattson for his sketch of eastwood willow. Photo credits: Bernard L. Kovalchik Steven J. Brunsfeld Wayne D. Padgett Line drawings used by permission from: Hitchcock, C. L., A. Cronquist, M. Ownberg and J. W. Thompson.1977. Vascular plants of the Pacific Northwest. Vol. 1-5. Univ. of Washington Press. Seattle. 2978p. Brunsfeld, S. J. and F. D. Johnson. 1985. Field guide to thewillows of east-central Idaho. Forest, Wildlife, and Range Experiment Station Bull.
    [Show full text]
  • Botany Biological Evaluation
    APPENDIX I Botany Biological Evaluation Biological Evaluation for Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Plants and Fungi Page 1 of 35 for the Upper Truckee River Sunset Stables Restoration Project November 2009 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE – FOREST SERVICE LAKE TAHOE BASIN MANAGEMENT UNIT Upper Truckee River Sunset Stables Restoration Project El Dorado County, CA Biological Evaluation for Threatened, Endangered and Sensitive Plants and Fungi PREPARED BY: ENTRIX, Inc. DATE: November 2009 APPROVED BY: DATE: _____________ Name, Forest Botanist, Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit SUMMARY OF EFFECTS DETERMINATION AND MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AND/OR REQUIREMENTS One population of a special-status bryophyte, three-ranked hump-moss (Meesia triquetra), was observed in the survey area during surveys on June 30, 2008 and August 28, 2008. The proposed action will not affect the moss because the population is located outside the project area where no action is planned. The following species of invasive or noxious weeds were identified during surveys of the Project area: cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum); bullthistle (Cirsium vulgare); Klamathweed (Hypericum perforatum); oxe-eye daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare); and common mullein (Verbascum Thapsus). The threat posed by these weed populations would not increase if the proposed action is implemented. An inventory and assessment of invasive and noxious weeds in the survey area is presented in the Noxious Weed Risk Assessment for the Upper Truckee River Sunset Stables Restoration Project (ENTRIX 2009). Based on the description of the proposed action and the evaluation contained herein, we have determined the following: There would be no significant effect to plant species listed as threatened, endangered, proposed for listing, or candidates under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA), administered by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation
    National Wetlands Inventory Map Report for Quinault Indian Nation Project ID(s): R01Y19P01: Quinault Indian Nation, fiscal year 2019 Project area The project area (Figure 1) is restricted to the Quinault Indian Nation, bounded by Grays Harbor Co. Jefferson Co. and the Olympic National Park. Appendix A: USGS 7.5-minute Quadrangles: Queets, Salmon River West, Salmon River East, Matheny Ridge, Tunnel Island, O’Took Prairie, Thimble Mountain, Lake Quinault West, Lake Quinault East, Taholah, Shale Slough, Macafee Hill, Stevens Creek, Moclips, Carlisle. • < 0. Figure 1. QIN NWI+ 2019 project area (red outline). Source Imagery: Citation: For all quads listed above: See Appendix A Citation Information: Originator: USDA-FSA-APFO Aerial Photography Field Office Publication Date: 2017 Publication place: Salt Lake City, Utah Title: Digital Orthoimagery Series of Washington Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: raster digital data Other_Citation_Details: 1-meter and 1-foot, Natural Color and NIR-False Color Collateral Data: . USGS 1:24,000 topographic quadrangles . USGS – NHD – National Hydrography Dataset . USGS Topographic maps, 2013 . QIN LiDAR DEM (3 meter) and synthetic stream layer, 2015 . Previous National Wetlands Inventories for the project area . Soil Surveys, All Hydric Soils: Weyerhaeuser soil survey 1976, NRCS soil survey 2013 . QIN WET tables, field photos, and site descriptions, 2016 to 2019, Janice Martin, and Greg Eide Inventory Method: Wetland identification and interpretation was done “heads-up” using ArcMap versions 10.6.1. US Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) National Wetlands Inventory (NWI) mapping contractors in Portland, Oregon completed the original aerial photo interpretation and wetland mapping. Primary authors: Nicholas Jones of SWCA Environmental Consulting. 100% Quality Control (QC) during the NWI mapping was provided by Michael Holscher of SWCA Environmental Consulting.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the *.Pdf File
    ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED BIG PINE MOUNTAIN RESEARCH NATURAL AREA LOS PADRES NATIONAL FOREST, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA TODD KEELER-WOLF FEBRUARY 1991 (PURCHASE ORDER # 40-9AD6-9-0407) INTRODUCTION 1 Access 1 PRINCIPAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES 2 JUSTIFICATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT 4 Mixed Coniferous Forest 4 California Condor 5 Rare Plants 6 Animal of Special Concern 7 Biogeographic Significance 7 Large Predator and Pristine Environment 9 Riparian Habitat 9 Vegetation Diversity 10 History of Scientific Research 11 PHYSICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 11 VEGETATION AND FLORA 13 Vegetation Types 13 Sierran Mixed Coniferous Forest 13 Northern Mixed Chaparral 22 Canyon Live Oak Forest 23 Coulter Pine Forest 23 Bigcone Douglas-fir/Canyon Live Oak Forest 25 Montane Chaparral 26 Rock Outcrop 28 Jeffrey Pine Forest 28 Montane Riparian Forest 31 Shale Barrens 33 Valley and Foothill Grassland 34 FAUNA 35 GEOLOGY 37 SOILS 37 AQUATIC VALUES 38 CULTURAL VALUES 38 IMPACTS AND POSSIBLE CONFLICTS 39 MANAGEMENT CONCERNS 40 BOUNDARY CHANGES 40 RECOMMENDATIONS 41 LITERATURE CITED 41 APPENDICES 41 Vascular Plant List 43 Vertebrate List 52 PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAPS 57 INTRODUCTION The Big Pine Mountain candidate Research Natural Area (RNA) is on the Santa Lucia Ranger District, Los Padres National Forest, in Santa Barbara County, California. The area was nominated by the National Forest as a candidate RNA in 1986 to preserve an example of the Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest for the South Coast Range Province. The RNA as defined in this report covers 2963 acres (1199 ha). The boundaries differ from those originally proposed by the National Forest (map 5, and see discussion of boundaries in later section).
    [Show full text]
  • Pigment Composition of Putatively Achlorophyllous Angiosperms
    Plant Pl. Syst. Evol. 210:105-111 (1998) Systematics and Evolution © Springer-Verlag 1998 Printed in Austria Pigment composition of putatively achlorophyllous angiosperms MICHAEL P. CUMMINGS and NICHOLAS A. WELSCHMEYER Received August 15, 1996; in revised version February 10, 1997 Key words: Angiospermae, Lennoaceae, Monotropaceae, Orobanchaceae, Orchidaceae. - Chlorophyll, carotenoid, pigment, high-performance liquid chromatography. Abstract: Chlorophyll and carotenoid pigment composition was determined for ten species of putatively achlorophyllous angiosperms using high-performance liquid chromatography. Four families were represented: Lennoaceae (Pholisma arenarium); Monotropaceae (Allotropa virgata, Monotropa uniflora, Pterospora andromedea, Sarcodes sanguinea); Orobanchaceae (Epifagus virginiana, Orobanche cooperi, O. unißora); Orchidaceae (Cephalanthera austinae, Corallorhiza maculata). Chlorophyll a was detected in all taxa, but chlorophyll b was only detected in Corallorhiza maculata. The relative amount of chlorophyll and chlorophyll-related pigments in these plants is greatly reduced compared to fully autotrophic angiosperms. One of the most conspicuous features of plants is green coloration conferred by the presence of the pigment chlorophyll. However achlorophyllous plants, as their name implies, are thought to lack chlorophyll and other pigments associated with photosynthesis. This lack of chlorophyll is thought to be associated with the nonphotosynthetic habit, and hence the completely heterotrophic nature of holoparasites
    [Show full text]
  • High Root Concentration and Uneven Ectomycorrhizal Diversity Near Sarcodes Sanguinea ( Ericaceae): a Cheater That Stimulates Its Victims? Author(S): Martin I
    High Root Concentration and Uneven Ectomycorrhizal Diversity Near Sarcodes sanguinea ( Ericaceae): A Cheater That Stimulates Its Victims? Author(s): Martin I. Bidartondo, Annette M. Kretzer, Elizabeth M. Pine and Thomas D. Bruns Source: American Journal of Botany, Vol. 87, No. 12 (Dec., 2000), pp. 1783-1788 Published by: Botanical Society of America, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2656829 Accessed: 29-02-2016 09:39 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/page/ info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Botanical Society of America, Inc. is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Journal of Botany. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 132.174.255.116 on Mon, 29 Feb 2016 09:39:26 UTC All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions American Journal of Botany 87(12): 1783-1788. 2000. HIGH ROOT CONCENTRATION AND UNEVEN ECTOMYCORRHIZAL DIVERSITY NEAR SARCODES SANGUINEA (ERICACEAE): A CHEATER THAT STIMULATES ITS VICTIMS?1 MARTIN I. BIDARTONDO,2 ANNETTE M. KRETZER,3 ELIZABETH M. PINE, AND THOMAS D. BRUNS 111 Koshland Hall, College of Natural Resources, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-3102, USA Sarcodes sanguinea is a nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plant that obtains all of its fixed carbon from neighboring trees through a shared ectomycorrhizal fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • Rock Garden Quarterly
    ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOLUME 53 NUMBER 1 WINTER 1995 COVER: Aquilegia scopulorum with vespid wasp by Cindy Nelson-Nold of Lakewood, Colorado All Material Copyright © 1995 North American Rock Garden Society ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY BULLETIN OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ROCK GARDEN SOCIETY formerly Bulletin of the American Rock Garden Society VOLUME 53 NUMBER 1 WINTER 1995 FEATURES Alpine Gesneriads of Europe, by Darrell Trout 3 Cassiopes and Phyllodoces, by Arthur Dome 17 Plants of Mt. Hutt, a New Zealand Preview, by Ethel Doyle 29 South Africa: Part II, by Panayoti Kelaidis 33 South African Sampler: A Dozen Gems for the Rock Garden, by Panayoti Kelaidis 54 The Vole Story, by Helen Sykes 59 DEPARTMENTS Plant Portrait 62 Books 65 Ramonda nathaliae 2 ROCK GARDEN QUARTERLY VOL. 53:1 ALPINE GESNERIADS OF EUROPE by Darrell Trout J. he Gesneriaceae, or gesneriad Institution and others brings the total family, is a diverse family of mostly Gesneriaceae of China to a count of 56 tropical and subtropical plants with genera and about 413 species. These distribution throughout the world, should provide new horticultural including the north and south temper• material for the rock garden and ate and tropical zones. The 125 genera, alpine house. Yet the choicest plants 2850-plus species include terrestrial for the rock garden or alpine house and epiphytic herbs, shrubs, vines remain the European genera Ramonda, and, rarely, small trees. Botanically, Jancaea, and Haberlea. and in appearance, it is not always easy to separate the family History Gesneriaceae from the closely related The family was named for Konrad Scrophulariaceae (Verbascum, Digitalis, von Gesner, a sixteenth century natu• Calceolaria), the Orobanchaceae, and ralist.
    [Show full text]
  • Phyllodoce Glanduliflora Yellow Mountainheath (Ericaceae)
    68Plant Propagation Protocol for [Phyllodoce glanduliflora] ESRM 412 – Native Plant Production Protocol URL: https://courses.washington.edu/esrm412/protocols/PHGL6.PDF Washington distribution North America distribution TAXONOMY Plant Family Scientific Name Ericaceae Common Name Heath family Species Scientific Name Scientific Name Phyllodoce glanduliflora (hook.) Coville yellow mountainheath (1) Varieties Phyllodoce aleutica (Spreng.) A. Heller ssp. glanduliflora (Hook.) Hultén (1) Sub-species N/A Cultivar Phyllodoce empetriformis (pink mountain heather) Phyllodoce caerula (purple mountain heather) Phyllodoce breweri (brewer’s mountain-heather) (1) Common Synonym(s) Menziesia glanduliflora Hook. Phyllodoce aleutica (Spreng.) Heller Phyllodoce aleutica (Spreng.) Heller ssp. glanduliflora(Hook.) Hultén (1) Common Name Yellow mountain heath (1) Species Code (as per PHGL6 (1) USDA Plants database) GENERAL INFORMATION Geographical range Alaska, Canada, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming. (7) Ecological distribution Dry to moist open forest, meadows, upper montane to alpine zones. (7) Climate and elevation Found at high elevations ranging from Alaska, British Columbia to Oregon range and Wyoming.(7) Local habitat and Common at higher elevations. (2) abundance Plant strategy type / Stress-tolerator. (2) successional stage Plant characteristics Low-growing shrub with mulch-branched erect stems from 4-15 in. tall and the alternating evergreen leaves are small and needle-like and grow to less than 1 in long. The edges of the leaves have tiny glands, and the underside of the leaves are grooved. The yellow flowers are distinguishing feature of yellow mountain- heather; they are pale yellow to greenish, urn-shapes at less than 1 cm. Both flowers and stalks are sticky and hairy. (7) (4) PROPAGATION DETAILS Ecotype N/A Propagation Goal Plants Propagation Method Seeds Product Type Plants Stock Type Seeds Time to Grow 1 year Target Specifications Seeds Propagule Collection Seed collection should occur from late summer to early fall.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Plants for Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve
    Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve Plant Checklist DRAFT as of 29 November 2005 FERNS AND FERN ALLIES Equisetaceae (Horsetail Family) Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense Present in Park Rare Native Field horsetail Vascular Plant Equisetales Equisetaceae Equisetum laevigatum Present in Park Unknown Native Scouring-rush Polypodiaceae (Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Cystopteris fragilis Present in Park Uncommon Native Brittle bladderfern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Dryopteridaceae Woodsia oregana Present in Park Uncommon Native Oregon woodsia Pteridaceae (Maidenhair Fern Family) Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Argyrochosma fendleri Present in Park Unknown Native Zigzag fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cheilanthes feei Present in Park Uncommon Native Slender lip fern Vascular Plant Polypodiales Pteridaceae Cryptogramma acrostichoides Present in Park Unknown Native American rockbrake Selaginellaceae (Spikemoss Family) Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella densa Present in Park Rare Native Lesser spikemoss Vascular Plant Selaginellales Selaginellaceae Selaginella weatherbiana Present in Park Unknown Native Weatherby's clubmoss CONIFERS Cupressaceae (Cypress family) Vascular Plant Pinales Cupressaceae Juniperus scopulorum Present in Park Unknown Native Rocky Mountain juniper Pinaceae (Pine Family) Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies concolor var. concolor Present in Park Rare Native White fir Vascular Plant Pinales Pinaceae Abies lasiocarpa Present
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Species with Documented Or Recorded Occurrence in Placer County
    A PPENDIX II Vascular Plant Species with Documented or Reported Occurrence in Placer County APPENDIX II. Vascular Plant Species with Documented or Reported Occurrence in Placer County Family Scientific Name Common Name FERN AND FERN ALLIES Azollaceae Mosquito fern family Azolla filiculoides Pacific mosquito fern Dennstaedtiaceae Bracken family Pteridium aquilinum var.pubescens Bracken fern Dryopteridaceae Wood fern family Athyrium alpestre var. americanum Alpine lady fern Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum Lady fern Cystopteris fragilis Fragile fern Polystichum imbricans ssp. curtum Cliff sword fern Polystichum imbricans ssp. imbricans Imbricate sword fern Polystichum kruckebergii Kruckeberg’s hollyfern Polystichum lonchitis Northern hollyfern Polystichum munitum Sword fern Equisetaceae Horsetail family Equisetum arvense Common horsetail Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine Scouring rush Equisetum laevigatum Smooth horsetail Isoetaceae Quillwort family Isoetes bolanderi Bolander’s quillwort Isoetes howellii Howell’s quillwort Isoetes orcuttii Orcutt’s quillwort Lycopodiaceae Club-moss family Lycopodiella inundata Bog club-moss Marsileaceae Marsilea family Marsilea vestita ssp. vestita Water clover Pilularia americana American pillwort Ophioglossaceae Adder’s-tongue family Botrychium multifidum Leathery grapefern Polypodiaceae Polypody family Polypodium hesperium Western polypody Pteridaceae Brake family Adiantum aleuticum Five-finger maidenhair Adiantum jordanii Common maidenhair fern Aspidotis densa Indian’s dream Cheilanthes cooperae Cooper’s
    [Show full text]
  • LILIUM) PRODUCTION Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Oulu
    BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES VELI-PEKKA PELKONEN IN LILY (LILIUM) PRODUCTION Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Oulu OULU 2005 VELI-PEKKA PELKONEN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN LILY (LILIUM) PRODUCTION Academic Dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Faculty of Science, University of Oulu, for public discussion in Kuusamonsali (Auditorium YB210), Linnanmaa, on April 15th, 2005, at 12 noon OULUN YLIOPISTO, OULU 2005 Copyright © 2005 University of Oulu, 2005 Supervised by Professor Anja Hohtola Professor Hely Häggman Reviewed by Professor Anna Bach Professor Risto Tahvonen ISBN 951-42-7658-2 (nid.) ISBN 951-42-7659-0 (PDF) http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514276590/ ISSN 0355-3191 http://herkules.oulu.fi/issn03553191/ OULU UNIVERSITY PRESS OULU 2005 Pelkonen, Veli-Pekka, Biotechnological approaches in lily (Lilium) production Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 3000, FIN-90014 University of Oulu, Finland 2005 Oulu, Finland Abstract Biotechnology has become a necessity, not only in research, but also in the culture and breeding of lilies. Various methods in tissue culture and molecular breeding have been applied to the production of commercially important lily species and cultivars. However, scientific research data of such species and varieties that have potential in the northern climate is scarce. In this work, different biotechnological methods were developed and used in the production and culture of a diversity of lily species belonging to different taxonomic groups. The aim was to test and develop further the existing methods in plant biotechnology for the developmental work and the production of novel hardy lily cultivars for northern climates.
    [Show full text]
  • Evolutionary Events in Lilium (Including Nomocharis, Liliaceae
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (2013) 443–460 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Evolutionary events in Lilium (including Nomocharis, Liliaceae) are temporally correlated with orogenies of the Q–T plateau and the Hengduan Mountains ⇑ Yun-Dong Gao a,b, AJ Harris c, Song-Dong Zhou a, Xing-Jin He a, a Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China b Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China c Department of Botany, Oklahoma State University, Oklahoma 74078-3013, USA article info abstract Article history: The Hengduan Mountains (H-D Mountains) in China flank the eastern edge of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Received 21 July 2012 (Q–T Plateau) and are a center of great temperate plant diversity. The geological history and complex Revised 24 April 2013 topography of these mountains may have prompted the in situ evolution of many diverse and narrowly Accepted 26 April 2013 endemic species. Despite the importance of the H-D Mountains to biodiversity, many uncertainties Available online 9 May 2013 remain regarding the timing and tempo of their uplift. One hypothesis is that the Q–T Plateau underwent a final, rapid phase of uplift 8–7 million years ago (Mya) and that the H-D Mountains orogeny was a sep- Keywords: arate event occurring 4–3 Mya. To evaluate this hypothesis, we performed phylogenetic, biogeographic, Hengduan Mountains divergence time dating, and diversification rate analyses of the horticulturally important genus Lilium, Lilium–Nomocharis complex Intercontinental dispersal including Nomocharis.
    [Show full text]