DOCSLIB.ORG

Wildflower Guide

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Wildflower Guide Pussypaws (or Pussy Toes) Sierra Morning Glory Western Peony Calyptridium umbellatum Calystegia malacophylla Paeonia brownii Portulacaceae (Purslane) family Convolvulaceae (Morning Glory) family Paeoniaceae (Peony) family May-August July–August May-June The flower head clusters are reminiscent There are over 1,000 species of morning This flower’s petals are maroon to of fuzzy kitten paws. The stems and glory worldwide. Many bloom in the early brownish and the flower usually nods, flower heads are often almost prostrate morning hours, giving the family or points downward, so it can be easy (lying on the ground). Pussypaws are its name. Tahoe Donner is near the upper to miss. widespread and somewhat variable. elevation of the range for Sierra morning glory. Rabbitbrush Snow Plant Willow WILDFLOWER Ericameria sp. Sarcodes sanguinea Salix spp. Asteraceae (Sunflower or Aster) family Ericaceae (Heath) family Salicaceae (Willow) family GUIDE August–October May–June March–June This shrub is common throughout the Appears almost as soon as snow melts. There are several types of willow in Tahoe Donner area. The tips of the Saprophytic plant: obtains nutrients from the Tahoe Donner area, with blooming branches look yellow throughout the decaying organic matter in the soil (no seasons that extend from March at least blooming season. photosynthesis). through June. The picture shows typical early-spring catkins (buds) that are getting ready to bloom, and gives the smaller types of willow the familiar name pussy willow. Ranger’s Buttons Varileaf Phacelia Woolly Mule Ears Sphenosciadium capitellatum Phacelia heterophylla Wyethia mollis Apiaceae (Carrot) family Hydrophyllaceae (Waterleaf) family Asteraceae (Sunflower or Aster) family July–August April–July June–July Often found in wet or swampy places. Many phacelias grow in the characteristic The most common species of mule ears Though there are many other members shape shown here, with the flowers on around Tahoe Donner, woolly mule ears of the carrot family, ranger’s button is a coiled cyme and with double, are easily identified by touching the the only species in the Sphenosciadium symmetrical cymes. Flowers can be leaves: they do feel woolly! genus. white/cream to light purple for different species. Sierra Gooseberry Wallflower Woolly Mullein Ribes roezlii var. roezlii Erysimum capitatum Verbascum thapsus Grossulariaceae (Gooseberry) family Brassicaceae (Mustard) family Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) family April-June May-August June–September Gooseberry is a shrub with pretty foliage With a dense cluster of brightly colored Also called common mullein, this distinc- and flowers. The blossoms seem to hide, flowers atop a relatively long stem, tive plant is a non-native considered by hanging downward in the shade below wallflowers are notable. The four petals some to be invasive. With its tall flower long horizontal branches. The fruits are on each blossom are characteristic of the stalk it can grow up to six feet tall. spherical with many long spikes radiating mustard family. outward. Sierra Larkspur Western Buttercup Delphinium glaucum Ranunculus occidentalis Ranunculaceae (Buttercup) family Ranunculaceae (Buttercup) family July–September April–June A distinctive characteristic of larkspurs This early bloomer announces the is the tail, or spur, at the back of the arrival of spring. It prefers to grow blossom. Most larkspurs are fairly intense in wet meadows and along streams. blue-to-purple in color. Sierra larkspur, Photos and plant descriptions courtesy of Susan Kelso. also called mountain larkspur or tower (530) 587-9400 | tahoedonner.com larkspur, has an especially tall inflorescence (the part of the plant where While pretty to look at, please do not take home wildflowers. Help the flowers are located), with many blossoms. prevent the spread of invasive species and keep ecosystems natural. Alpine Breeches Camas Lily Foxglove Monkshood Hydrophyllum capitatum Camassia quamash Digitalis purpurea Aconitum columbianum var. alpinum Liliaceae (Lily) family Plantaginaceae (Plantain) family Ranunculaceae (Buttercup) family Boraginaceae (Borage) family May–July June-August June–August May-June Although famously found in the meadow A non-native plant, foxglove is native to The distinctive upper part of the The flower head is very close to the at the east end of Sagehen Creek Trail, temperate Europe. It is often grown as an monkshood flower looks like a monk’s ground, beneath the leaves, giving there are camas lilies in Tahoe Donner ornamental plant due to its many color cowl. The reproductive parts are greenish- the plant kind of an upside-down also, not far from Intersection 15 in Euer variations, from white to pink to purple, yellowish. Flowers are pollinated by a appearance. Delicate stamens extend Valley. The bulbs of these beautiful, deep and interesting spots on the inside of the specific bumblebee species with the from each flower. blue flowers were utilized by Native Americans. flower tube. All parts of the plant are considered toxic. correct size, weight and anatomy. All parts of the plant are toxic. Alpine Shooting Star Checkerbloom Great Basin Violet Mountain Violet Primula tetranda Sidalcea glaucescens Viola beckwithii Viola purpurea Primulaceae (Primrose) family Malvaceae (Mallow) family Violaceae (Violet) family Violaceae (Violet) family June–August June–August April-June April-June Shooting stars, also called mosquito Several species of checkerbloom, or This is perhaps the most colorful violet Violets are yellow, purple, or white. bills, typically grow in wetlands such as checkermallow, are found in the area in the region, with light purple lower Mountain violet is the most common Euer Valley. The “bill” points downward around Tahoe Donner. petals (with yellow and white bases to yellow violet in the Tahoe Donner area. until the flower has been pollinated, after the petals) and darker purple upper In addition to the maroon veins on the which it points upward — a clear signal to petals. The leaves are oblong to linear lower petals, the back of the two upper pollinators not to bother visiting. and are fleshy. petals is purple. Anderson’s Thistle Common Yarrow Lupine Paintbrush Cirsium andersonii Achillea millefolium Lupinus sp. Castilleja sp. Asteraceae (Sunflower or Aster) family Asteraceae (Sunflower or Aster) family Fabaceae (Pea) family Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) family July–August June–August June–August June–August Although there are several species The name millefolium means “thousand Lupines are recognizable by their leaves, Of the several species of paintbrush of thistles in the Tahoe Donner area, leaves,” a great description of the finely which have so-called palmate shapes, found in the Tahoe Donner area, the Anderson’s thistles are noted for divided, feathery leaves. Yarrow is found resembling an open hand with five or most common is Applegate’s paintbrush. attracting hummingbirds. widely across the Americas, Eurasia and more fingers spread out. The flowers Paintbrush come in a variety of colors Australia. A yellow form is found in Tahoe are on stalks and bloom from the base and have differing shapes (number of Donner landscaping. toward the tip of the stalk. Most lupines are blue-purple, but some are lobes) of the bracts, the colorful part of the plant people usually notice. white and some are yellow. Aster Corn Lily Mahala Mat Pennyroyal Symphyotrichum sp. Veratrum californicum Ceanothus prostratus Monardella odoratissima Asteraceae (Sunflower or Aster) family var. californicum Rhamnaceae (Buckthorn) family Lamiaceae (Mint) family July–August Liliaceae (Lily) family May June–August In some cases several wildflowers July–August Common in Tahoe Donner, growing A minty odor, square stem and opposite look very similar and are difficult to Sometimes called false hellebore, corn in large patches or masses. Leaves stay leaves are characteristic of the mint distinguish. This is one example, since lily is fairly widespread above 4,000 feet green all summer after the (relatively family. Flowers can be pale purple, white some asters and daisies look similar from elevation. It typically grows in meadows brief) blooming season. Also called or lavender. the top/front side, with differences on the and other wet locations, and can grow up squaw carpet. Whenever prostratus is bottom/back side. Fairly common in Tahoe Donner, this is most likely to seven feet tall. The flower stalks develop later in the summer. the species name, look for a low-growing plant! Eaton’s aster (S. bracteolatum). California Rayless Daisy Coulter’s Daisy Manzanita Penstemon Erigeron inornatus Erigeron coulteri Arctostaphylos sp. Penstemon sp. Asteraceae (Sunflower or Aster) family Asteraceae (Sunflower or Aster) family Ericaceae (Heath) family Scrophulariaceae (Figwort) family July–September July–September May–June June–August Flowers in the aster family are Coulter’s daisy is a native daisy, with The most common shrub-like manzanita This is one of the several species of composites, consisting of ray flowers numerous white ray flowers. A similar in the Tahoe region is greenleaf blue-to-purple penstemons found in and disc flowers. The California rayless flower with fewer ray flowers is oxeye manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula). the area around Tahoe Donner. daisy has only disc flowers, hence the daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare), a non- There is also a lower, mat-like manzanita name rayless. native common in Tahoe Donner called pine-mat manzanita landscaping. The name vulgare means common. (Arctostaphylos nevadensis). .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • The Web That Has No Weaver
    THE WEB THAT HAS NO WEAVER Understanding Chinese Medicine “The Web That Has No Weaver opens the great door of understanding to the profoundness of Chinese medicine.” —People’s Daily, Beijing, China “The Web That Has No Weaver with its manifold merits … is a successful introduction to Chinese medicine. We recommend it to our colleagues in China.” —Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China “Ted Kaptchuk’s book [has] something for practically everyone . Kaptchuk, himself an extraordinary combination of elements, is a thinker whose writing is more accessible than that of Joseph Needham or Manfred Porkert with no less scholarship. There is more here to think about, chew over, ponder or reflect upon than you are liable to find elsewhere. This may sound like a rave review: it is.” —Journal of Traditional Acupuncture “The Web That Has No Weaver is an encyclopedia of how to tell from the Eastern perspective ‘what is wrong.’” —Larry Dossey, author of Space, Time, and Medicine “Valuable as a compendium of traditional Chinese medical doctrine.” —Joseph Needham, author of Science and Civilization in China “The only approximation for authenticity is The Barefoot Doctor’s Manual, and this will take readers much further.” —The Kirkus Reviews “Kaptchuk has become a lyricist for the art of healing. And the more he tells us about traditional Chinese medicine, the more clearly we see the link between philosophy, art, and the physician’s craft.” —Houston Chronicle “Ted Kaptchuk’s book was inspirational in the development of my acupuncture practice and gave me a deep understanding of traditional Chinese medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • BOTANICAL FIELD RECONNAISSANCE REPORT Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit
    BOTANICAL FIELD RECONNAISSANCE REPORT Lake Tahoe Basin Management Unit Project: Burke Creek Highway 50 Crossing and Realignment Project FACTS ID: Location: portions of SEC 22 and SEC 23 T13 N R18 E UTM: Survey Dates:5/13/, 6/25, 8/12/2015 Surveyor/s: Jacquelyn Picciani for Wood Rodgers Directions to Site: Access to the west portion of Burke Creek is gained by turning west on Kahle Drive, and parking in the defined parking lot. Access to the east portion of Burke Creek is gained by turning east on Kahle Drive and parking to the north in the adjacent commercial development parking area. USGS Quad Name: South Lake Tahoe Survey type: General and Intuitive Controlled Describe survey route taken: Survey area includes all road shoulders and right –of –way within the proposed project boundaries, a commercial development on east side of US Highway 50 just north of Kahle Drive, and portions of the Burke Creek/Rabe Meadows complex (Figure 1). Project description: The project area includes open space administered by Nevada Tahoe Conservation District and the USFS, and commercial development, with the majority of the project area sloping west to Lake Tahoe. The Nevada Tahoe Conservation District is partnering with USFS, Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT), Douglas County and the Nevada Division of State Lands to implement the Burke Creek Highway 50 Crossing and Realignment Project (Project). The project area spans from Jennings Pond in Rabe Meadow to the eastern boundary of the Sierra Colina Development in Lake Village. Burke Creek flows through five property ownerships in the project area including the USFS, private (Sierra Colina and 801 Apartments LLC), Douglas County and NDOT.
    [Show full text]
  • Next-Generation Sequencing Identification and Characterization
    Next-generation sequencing identification and characterization of microsatellite markers in Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz., an endemic and endangered medicinal plant of Korea Y.-E. Yun, J.-N. Yu, G.H. Nam, S.-A. Ryu, S. Kim, K. Oh and C.E. Lim National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, Korea Corresponding author: C.E. Lim E-mail: [email protected] Genet. Mol. Res. 14 (2): 4812-4817 (2015) Received June 11, 2014 Accepted October 29, 2014 Published May 11, 2015 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2015.May.11.13 ABSTRACT. We used next-generation sequencing to develop 9 novel microsatellite markers in Aconitum austrokoreense, an endemic and endangered medicinal plant in Korea. Owing to its very limited distribution, over-harvesting for traditional medicinal purposes, and habitat loss, the natural populations are dramatically declining in Korea. All novel microsatellite markers were successfully genotyped using 64 samples from two populations (Mt. Choejeong, Gyeongsangbuk- do and Ungseokbong, Gyeongsangnam-do) of Gyeongsang Province. The number of alleles ranged from 2 to 7 per locus in each population. Observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.031 to 0.938 and from 0.031 to 0.697, respectively. The novel markers will be valuable tools for assessing the genetic diversity of A. austrokoreense and for germplasm conservation of this endangered species. Key words: Aconitum austrokoreense; Microsatellite marker; Endemic and endangered medicinal plant, Next-generation sequencing; Genetic diversity Genetics and Molecular Research 14 (2): 4812-4817 (2015) ©FUNPEC-RP www.funpecrp.com.br Novel microsatellite markers in A. austrokoreense 4813 INTRODUCTION Aconitum austrokoreense Koidz.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium Gnoma) Pacific
    Davis Creek Park BioBlitz Diversity List: (Last Updated 6/23/18) Birds: Northern Pygmy Owl (Glaucidium gnoma) Golden-crowned Kinglet (Regulus satrapa) Pacific Wren (Troglodytes pacificus) Yellow-rumped Warbler (Setophaga coronata) Calliope Hummingbird (Selasphorus calliope) Hairy Woodpecker (Leuconotopicus villosus) Bewick’s Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) Northern Flicker (Colaptes auratus) Stellar’s Jay (Cyanocitta stelleri) Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Spotted Towhee (Pipilo maculatus) Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) White-headed Woodpecker Dark-eyed Junco, Oregon (Junco hyemalis) (Picoides albolarvatus) Eurasian Collared Dove Brown Creeper (Certhia americana) (Streptopelia decaocto) California Scrub Jay (Aphelocoma californica) Pygmy Nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea) Double-crested Cormorant Western Bluebird (Sialia mexicana) (Phalacrocorax auritus) Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens) Mountain Chickadee (Poecile gambeli) Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) Townsend’s Solitaire (Myadestes townsendi) White-crowned Sparrow Clark’s Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) (Zonotrichia leucophrys) Golden-crowned Sparrow Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea) (Zonotrichia atricapilla) American Robin (Turdus migratorius) White-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta carolinensis) Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) American Coot (Fulica americana) Common Merganser (Mergus merganser) Lazuli Bunting (Passerina amoena) European Starling (Sturnus vulgaris) Western Tanager (Piranga ludoviciana)
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Aconitine in Body Fluids by Lc/Ms/Ms
    [ A APPLICATIONPPLICATION NOTENOTE ] DETERMINATION OF ACONITINE IN BODY FLUIDS BY LC/MS/MS Justus Beike1, Lara Frommherz1, Michelle Wood2, Bernd Brinkmann1 and Helga Köhler1 1 Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Röntgenstrasse, Münster, Germany 2 Clinical Applications Group, Waters Corporation, Simonsway, Manchester M22 5PP, UK. INTRODUCTION The method was fully validated for the determination of aconitine from whole blood samples and applied in two cases of fatal poisoning. Plants of the genus Aconitum L (family of Ranunculaceae) are known to be among the most toxic plants of the Northern Hemisphere and are widespread across Europe, Northern Asia and North America. Two plants from this genus are of particular importance: the blue-blooded Aconitum napellus L. (monkshood) which is cultivated as an ornamental plant in Europe and the yellow-blooded Aconitum vulparia Reich. (wolfsbane) which is commonly used in Asian herbal medicine1 (Figure 1). Many of the traditional Asian medicine preparations utilise both the aconite tubers and their processed products for their pharmaceutical properties, which include anti-inflammatory, analgesic and cardio- Figure 1: Aconitum napellus (monkshood) (A) and tonic effects2-4. These effects can be attributed to the presence of Aconitum vulparia (wolfsbane) (B). the alkaloids; the principal alkaloids are aconitine, mesaconitine, hypaconitine and jesaconitine. The use of the alkaloids as a homicidal agent has been known for METHODS AND INSTRUMENTATION more than 2000 years. Although intoxications by aconitine are rare in the Western Hemisphere, in traditional Chinese medicine, the Sample preparation use of aconite-based preparations is common and poisoning has Biological samples were prepared for LC/MS/MS by means of a been frequently reported.
    [Show full text]
  • Fire-Resistant Plants for Oregon Home Landscapes
    FFire-ire-RResistantesistant PlantsPlants forfor OregonOregon HomeHome LandscapesLandscapes Suggesting specific types of vegetation that may reduce your risk from wildfire. Stephen Fitzgerald Area Extension Forester and Associate Professor Amy Jo Waldo Area Extension Horticulture Agent and Assistant Professor OSU Extension Service 1421 S. Hwy 97, Redmond, OR 97756 Introduction Oregon has many wildfire prone areas. In these places, fires are a natural part of the changing landscape. As homes are built in these areas, special precautions must be taken by the homeowner to pro- tect their property. Installation of fire- resistive roofing is critical to preventing firebrands from igniting the home from a roof fire. Well maintained fire-resistant vegetation and irrigated landscape is also critical within close proximity of a home. These actions DO NOT insure that your home will survive a wildfire, but they provide for a good chance of structural survival. Implementation of FireFree [www.firefree.org] and FireWise [www.firewise.org] activities can also significantly improve chances of a home surviving a wildfire. Fire-resistant vegetation. When landscaping around a home, most homeowners are interested in creating a landscape that is aesthetically pleasing, compliments their home, and has varia- tions in color, texture, flowers, and foliage. If your home is located in or adjacent to forests or rangeland, you should also consider the flammability of plants within your home landscape. Flammable plant material in your land- scape can increase the fire-risk around your home. The 1991 Oakland Hills Fire in California is a prime example of how flam- mable plant material (Eucalyptus trees) can act as fuel and contribute to the inten- sity of a wildfire.
    [Show full text]
  • Southwestern Showy Sedge in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming
    United States Department of Agriculture Conservation Assessment Forest Service Rocky of the Southwestern Mountain Region Black Hills Showy Sedge in the Black National Forest Custer, Hills National Forest, South South Dakota May 2003 Dakota and Wyoming Bruce T. Glisson Conservation Assessment of Southwestern Showy Sedge in the Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota and Wyoming Bruce T. Glisson, Ph.D. 315 Matterhorn Drive Park City, UT 84098 email: [email protected] Bruce Glisson is a botanist and ecologist with over 10 years of consulting experience, located in Park City, Utah. He has earned a B.S. in Biology from Towson State University, an M.S. in Public Health from the University of Utah, and a Ph.D. in Botany from Brigham Young University EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Southwestern showy sedge, Carex bella Bailey, is a cespitose graminoid that occurs in the central and southern Rocky Mountain region of the western United States and Mexico, with a disjunct population in the Black Hills that may be a relict from the last Pleistocene glaciation (Cronquist et al., 1994; USDA NRCS, 2001; NatureServe, 2001). Southwestern showy sedge is quite restricted in range and habitat in the Black Hills. There is much that we don’t know about the species, as there has been no thorough surveys, no monitoring, and very few and limited studies on the species in the area. Long term persistence of southwestern showy sedge is enhanced due to the presence of at least several populations within the Black Elk Wilderness and Custer State Park. Populations in Custer State Park may be at greater risk due to recreational use and lack of protective regulations (Marriott 2001c).
    [Show full text]
  • Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks.
    [Show full text]
  • Larkspur Poisoning: Toxicology and Alkaloid Structure–Activity Relationshipsଝ K.E
    Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 30 (2002) 113–128 www.elsevier.com/locate/biochemsyseco Larkspur poisoning: toxicology and alkaloid structure–activity relationshipsଝ K.E. Panter a,*, G.D. Manners b, B.L. Stegelmeier a, S. Lee a, D.R. Gardner a, M.H. Ralphs a, J.A. Pfister a, L.F. James a a USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA b USDA-ARS Western Regional Research Center, 800 Buchanan Street, Albany, CA 94710, USA Received 4 January 2001; accepted 1 May 2001 Abstract Systematic approaches to taxonomic classifications of the tall larkspur spp. have been developed using traditional chemical methods to profile alkaloids, comparison of relative tox- icity of individual alkaloids, plant morphology/taxonomy and molecular genetics. Using these methods (papers published in this series) toxicology of three distinct species of tall larkspurs including Delphinium glaucum, Delphinium barbeyi and Delphinium occidentale is described. Tall larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) continue to be the most serious cause of cattle losses on mountain rangelands in the western US. Over 40 norditerpenoid alkaloids have been reported in species of larkspurs and toxicology data on 25 of these have been reported by the authors. These alkaloids can be classified into three general types based on their structural character- istics and toxicity: the N-(methylsuccinyl) anthranoyllycoctonine (MSAL)-type, having high toxicity; the lycoctonine-type, with moderate toxicity; and the 7,8-methylenedioxylycoctonine (MDL)-type, of low toxicity. The structural importance of the methylsuccinimido anthranilic acid ester group at the C18 position is evident in the high toxicity of MSAL alkaloids, parti- cularly methyllycaconitine (MLA), Nudicauline (NUD) and 14-deacetylnudicauline (14-DAN).
    [Show full text]
  • Rare and Endemic Plants of Lake County • Serpentine Soil Habitats
    OFF_,, C-E COP'-f RARE AND ENDEMIC PLANTS OF LAKE COUNTY • SERPENTINE SOIL HABITATS by Niall F. McCarten Department of Botany • University of California Berkeley, California for • EndangeredPlantProgram California Department of Fish and Game Sacramento, California • RARE AND ENDEMIC PLANTS OF LAKE COUNTY SERPENTINE SOIL HABITATS Prepared by Niall F. McCarten • Departmentof Botany University of California Berkeley, California 94720 • Prepared for Endangered Plant Project California Department of Fish and Game 1416 Ninth Street, Room 1225 • Sacramento, California 95814 Funded by • California Department of Fish and Game Tax Check-off Funds Contract No. C-2037 June 15, 1988 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................... ii LIST OF FIGURES ..................................... iii ABSTRACT .......................................... iv INTRODUCTION ...................................... 1 METHODS ......................................... 1 RESULTS ......................................... 2 Rare Plants .................................. 2 Floristics .................................. 5 Plant Communities ............................ 8 Serpentine soils and geology ................... Ii DISCUSSION .......................................... 17 Plant and serpentine soil ecology .............. 17 • Genetics of Serpentine Soil Adaptation ........... 19 Rare Plant Adaptation to Serpentine Soil ......... 19 CONCLUSIONS ............................................. 20 • Causes of Plant Rarity ............................. 21
    [Show full text]
  • Download the *.Pdf File
    ECOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THE PROPOSED BIG PINE MOUNTAIN RESEARCH NATURAL AREA LOS PADRES NATIONAL FOREST, SANTA BARBARA COUNTY, CALIFORNIA TODD KEELER-WOLF FEBRUARY 1991 (PURCHASE ORDER # 40-9AD6-9-0407) INTRODUCTION 1 Access 1 PRINCIPAL DISTINGUISHING FEATURES 2 JUSTIFICATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT 4 Mixed Coniferous Forest 4 California Condor 5 Rare Plants 6 Animal of Special Concern 7 Biogeographic Significance 7 Large Predator and Pristine Environment 9 Riparian Habitat 9 Vegetation Diversity 10 History of Scientific Research 11 PHYSICAL AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS 11 VEGETATION AND FLORA 13 Vegetation Types 13 Sierran Mixed Coniferous Forest 13 Northern Mixed Chaparral 22 Canyon Live Oak Forest 23 Coulter Pine Forest 23 Bigcone Douglas-fir/Canyon Live Oak Forest 25 Montane Chaparral 26 Rock Outcrop 28 Jeffrey Pine Forest 28 Montane Riparian Forest 31 Shale Barrens 33 Valley and Foothill Grassland 34 FAUNA 35 GEOLOGY 37 SOILS 37 AQUATIC VALUES 38 CULTURAL VALUES 38 IMPACTS AND POSSIBLE CONFLICTS 39 MANAGEMENT CONCERNS 40 BOUNDARY CHANGES 40 RECOMMENDATIONS 41 LITERATURE CITED 41 APPENDICES 41 Vascular Plant List 43 Vertebrate List 52 PHOTOGRAPHS AND MAPS 57 INTRODUCTION The Big Pine Mountain candidate Research Natural Area (RNA) is on the Santa Lucia Ranger District, Los Padres National Forest, in Santa Barbara County, California. The area was nominated by the National Forest as a candidate RNA in 1986 to preserve an example of the Sierra Nevada mixed conifer forest for the South Coast Range Province. The RNA as defined in this report covers 2963 acres (1199 ha). The boundaries differ from those originally proposed by the National Forest (map 5, and see discussion of boundaries in later section).
    [Show full text]