DOCSLIB.ORG

Phylogenetics of Taxus Using the Internal Transcribed Spacers of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid Trnl-F Regions

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Phylogenetics of Taxus Using the Internal Transcribed Spacers of Nuclear Ribosomal DNA and Plastid Trnl-F Regions Taxus is s n e in s _ s u x ta lo a h p e C _ _ 1 _ _ a 4 t 3 ia 2 tig 3 s 8 a 0 _f B ria A o j_ t b g Regions d rin _ r 7 a 8 li h EF660608Cephalotaxus_mannii2 o s_ 1 _ u 2 p x 8 3 e ta . 1 C o 0 2 _ l i_ a a g 5 h 7 ep C l_ rn 5 T .6 _ 0 8 P ta la eo nc la in s_ sis _s xu en h ta a sin ep lo ce s_ C ha pa u _ p ru tax 68 e d lo 2C s_ ha i 1 xu ep ne 06 ta C rtu trnL-F 6 lo __ fo F6 ha 1 s_ E p 2_ xu Ce 74 ta 7 3 alo 1 61 01 ph 60 AY Ce F6 b_ __ E _g _1 56 36 52 32 02 08 18 AB gi_ bj_ _d 89 12 32 21 gi_ nia tae rgo s_a xu ota nt s me nsi a 3A ne an 72 na os 13 un form 0 s_y s_ AY xu taxu tota nto en me 8 Am __A 0. 098 3_1 441 374 AJ Y01 b_A l 7_g _Trn 25 ana .6 1 025 os 0 18 form gi_ us_ otax 1 ent a_ 0.6 Am nici rnl_ alifor 6_T a_C L6 orrey rnl_T 24_T _ P _ e a t a t a _ e c a 1 y c 9_ e _ 9 i 5 a a r i nl_7 b r u h s _ T t 5_ o k a 2 A _ P c e f e i t _ r _ _ _ _ s h u _ _ i u s a e a t a i _ L a s a t _ a t A t a _ t t s a t _ _ a a n a a _ _ i s a i i a c a e l n s g a a i i s a e c d a t i d t d t s y _ i d t d _ i o e i i a e d a s f d s a a n a e i r p b s a c _ p i d p n p _ n a a h c _ e d e v u f s i t c s g a r s s a s u s a i a a e m n n d t t _ e r r _ _ p b u u u e u o n A f u n u r T d _ r x _ s _ a a g a s a 4 a 3 _ _ s t e a a a C x C u n B a C d 9 C _ u _ u f i a T 6 C a n F . d _ t x _ _ s a _ 0 _ C _ _ a _ A i p c _ a t C _ a s a a _ s s i _ s s s s s s _ s i T c C s a _ a 1 s d n a i u _ t u C s n u s u s_ u t u u a _ _ s u c n _ n p x e x _ a a x x 5 x u u x b s a 1 a c u x C e e t s 5 s d c _ a a x a x a a c a u _ a d C x a 1 t a _ d u a c 4 u a F c ja _ x a c s a a a T 1 r T T 5 T c a T o a b s a T _ t x T n T _ F a C 9 n 1 3 a c c a u 7 _ T T _ a _ u n _ _ _ a _ a l T l 5 l T 1 l _ l a _ l _ c x a c l B T C_ _ x a _ 9 B c l _ s l l T n T n a n _ c M n n l C b a n 5 l F _ n _ r r C a r _ r r l u r _ l l n C a n _ b _ n _ _ r l H a l l n s _ T t r M n r a r T x i n r T b T _ T _ n _ T n T l r a T u T T n n n r T _ H r r b l a _ C T T c r r o T _ T r x l _ _ T _ T _ l _ _ f _ _ t _ T c ii i l g l T k _ c T T T n T _ a _ a _ j b n T a _ _ _ v T l _ _ 6 n 8 7 a 5 4 r l n y _ 9 n E r _ re _ _ g r b 0 r T _ o 3 l _ r 3 e r 9 n 0 _ l T 1 _ 4 F 2 n 1 _ 1 2 1 _ 1 1 r r 7 T 6 T _ 1 0 2 1 6 1 n l 6 2 T r 1 T s 8 1 6 6 T n 0 8 2 F r 2 b 9 1 E 7 T 2 _ r _ 6 u n 1 P P P P P 6 _ T _ P _ P _ 2 1 r plastid T x 0 3 P P P 2 _ P 7 1 P 0 T P 6 5 a P T _ 5 3 1 P T _ 3 4 3 P P 3 _ T P _ 9 9 P _ 5 3 5 5 P 9 P 4 6 9 9 9 3 T L 9 1 P 6 L P 1 4 a 6 3 2 L P 3 x 1 1 0 u L _ 3 i 8 5 s L axifolia _ t 6 _ i 1 _ g 2Torreya F 4 _Tba g EF66064 3 4_ axcc E 6_ 42 Ta _bat 3 Tax _T x_baca 2_T _cax_bac 31_ax_cn_aac 26 Tax_us_u 1 3732_1__Torreya_jackii 112a _Tax_brevfl 1 gi_18025246_gb_AY01 _Taxbamed g P22_Trnl_Ta 10_TaxcFru i_316953762_gb_HM591 xus_Xmedia _bac trnL–F 148_1__Taxus_cuspidata_ gi_316953761_gb_HM591147_1__Taxus_cuspidata _1__Taxus_sumatrana gi_21322731_emb_AJ441102_1__Torreya_yunnanensis gi_316953759_gb_HM591145 _sumatrana 144_1__Taxus __mairei 758_gb_HM591 hiana_var pidata gi_316953 xus_wallic xus_cus ccata 591137Ta _1__Ta us_ba irei 1 and HM 506838 __Tax _ma nsisi AY013731Torrey Supplementary Materials: Phylogeneticsgb_AF 44_1 va r_ofchineaire i a_fargesii_var__yunnan 24_ 137 na_ _ m ire ensis 302699 _AY0 ichia var_ r__ ma irei gi_ 8_gb wall na_ _va r__ a 24_ 2525 xus_ ichia ana va __m ta 6 25 Tax i_180 9Ta wall ichi a_ ar ia_ ida ta.7 1 _T _ca g 1372 us_ all ian _v ed sp ida0 a L ax_ n Y0 ax s_w llich na m u p na n 16 EF hu A T c s L_ 0 u a ia _ ia 2 5 6 n x _ a l 2 2s 2 h x u l i 6 7 a w c s c tr a 9 _ trnL i _ i _ 4s 0 3 T _ ll u e e . T Using the Internal Transcribed Spacerss of Nuclear a 1 9 s _ a a _ 6 a d y n 0 2 u u x l 0 r s w s 3 n T n e Y 2 x w x a u m e b m 4 l 6 EF66 A 2 o 0 _ a e a _ a T d _ T 606 5 1 A T x u s 5 u s A b c a i s a n s 0 T 7 m d a tro 9 i 8 a i ta u s m c . a s xu o _ U n s s r x 2 a x 3 n l _s _ i s p s a E 9 T _ s s n u ic 2 9 i a a 6 e a t i o a a n i 0 u x g e 2 2 s l s 3 6 . n a n e s f 5 T 0 s n m _ _ s C 6 u h b e d _ 1 r 6 6 8 e 0 a c i a s _ s 0 n 0 _ a e i e x x r b _ i 2 n 6 s n a a 6 i U i 6 t i a s 2 u n l T a x 7 e n E 0 u A a r a a y h F n 6 e h 2 t h x i n su a . e a 6 T _ a _ n x p n F 9 l 5 E r c i d a i c T c o x a r n i s 6 s i h i 0 9 i l t i a e s l E a m n l _ l 0 n a T i _ h o a l _ a a T n F 0 u r U 6 i c T u h n t M o a T r a a g a c s a _ 3 x 8 a a _ E a n i 6 f h E 1 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jaiswal Amit Et Al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61
    Jaiswal Amit et al. IRJP 2011, 2 (11), 58-61 INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 2230 – 8407 Available online www.irjponline.com Review Article REVIEW / PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF PLATYCLADUS ORIEANTALIS Jaiswal Amit1*, Kumar Abhinav1, Mishra Deepali2, Kasula Mastanaiah3 1Department Of Pharmacology, RKDF College Of Pharmacy,Bhopal, (M.P.)India 2Department Of Pharmacy, Sir Madanlal Institute Of Pharmacy,Etawah (U.P.)India 3 Department Of Pharmacology, The Erode College Of Pharmacy, Erode, Tamilnadu, India Article Received on: 11/09/11 Revised on: 23/10/11 Approved for publication: 10/11/11 *Email: [email protected] , [email protected] ABSTRACT Platycladus orientalis, also known as Chinese Arborvitae or Biota. It is native to northwestern China and widely naturalized elsewhere in Asia east to Korea and Japan, south to northern India, and west to northern Iran. It is a small, slow growing tree, to 15-20 m tall and 0.5 m trunk diameter (exceptionally to 30 m tall and 2 m diameter in very old trees). The different parts of the plant are traditionally used as a diuretic, anticancer, anticonvulsant, stomachic, antipyretic, analgesic and anthelmintic. However, not many pharmacological reports are available on this important plant product. This review gives a detailed account of the chemical constituents and also reports on the pharmacological activity activities of the oil and extracts of Platycladus orientalis. Keywords: Dry distillation, Phytochemisty, Pharmacological activity, Platycladus orientalis. INTRODUCTION cultivated in Europe since the first half of the 18th century. In cooler Botanical Name : Platycladus orientalis. areas of tropical Africa it has been planted primarily as an Family: Cupressaceae.
    [Show full text]
  • The Instructional Design of Ethnoscience-Based Inquiry
    Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(4), 1493-1507, Dec 2020 e-ISSN: 2149- 360X youngwisepub.com jegys.org © 2020 Research Article The instructional design of ethnoscience-based inquiry learning for scientific explanation about Taxus sumatrana as cancer medication Sudarmin S.1, Diliarosta Skunda2, Sri Endang Pujiastuti3, Sri Jumini4*, Agung Tri Prasetya5 Departement of Physics Education Program, Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an, Indonesia Article Info Abstract Received: 09 August 2020 The ethnoscience approach is carried out by integrating local wisdom culture in science Revised: 23 November 2020 learning. The Minang community believes that the Taxus sumatrana plant is a cancer drug. Accepted: 07 December 2020 But they have not been able to explain its benefits conceptually based on scientific inquiry Available online: 15 December 2020 with relevant references. This study aims to solve these problems through (1) designing Keywords: ethnoscience-based inquiry learning to study the bioactivity of Taxus sumatrana; and (2) Cancer medication describe scientific experiments on plants as cancer drugs. This research includes Ethnoscience-based inquiry learning qualitative research to reconstruct scientific explanations based on local wisdom. The Instructional design data were obtained through observations at the research location regarding community Scientific explanation local wisdom and laboratory activities including isolation, phytochemical identification, Taxus sumatrana and chemical structure testing using Perkin Elmer 100
    [Show full text]
  • Medicinal Plant Conservation
    MEDICINAL Medicinal Plant PLANT SPECIALIST GROUP Conservation Silphion Volume 11 Newsletter of the Medicinal Plant Specialist Group of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Chaired by Danna J. Leaman Chair’s note . 2 Sustainable sourcing of Arnica montana in the International Standard for Sustainable Wild Col- Apuseni Mountains (Romania): A field project lection of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants – Wolfgang Kathe . 27 (ISSC-MAP) – Danna Leaman . 4 Rhodiola rosea L., from wild collection to field production – Bertalan Galambosi . 31 Regional File Conservation data sheet Ginseng – Dagmar Iracambi Medicinal Plants Project in Minas Gerais Lange . 35 (Brazil) and the International Standard for Sus- tainable Wild Collection of Medicinal and Aro- Conferences and Meetings matic Plants (ISSC-MAP) – Eleanor Coming up – Natalie Hofbauer. 38 Gallia & Karen Franz . 6 CITES News – Uwe Schippmann . 38 Conservation aspects of Aconitum species in the Himalayas with special reference to Uttaran- Recent Events chal (India) – Niranjan Chandra Shah . 9 Conservation Assessment and Management Prior- Promoting the cultivation of medicinal plants in itisation (CAMP) for wild medicinal plants of Uttaranchal, India – Ghayur Alam & Petra North-East India – D.K. Ved, G.A. Kinhal, K. van de Kop . 15 Ravikumar, R. Vijaya Sankar & K. Haridasan . 40 Taxon File Notices of Publication . 45 Trade in East African Aloes – Sara Oldfield . 19 Towards a standardization of biological sustain- List of Members. 48 ability: Wildcrafting Rhatany (Krameria lap- pacea) in Peru – Maximilian
    [Show full text]
  • IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ to Identify the Level of Threat to Plants
    Ex-Situ Conservation at Scott Arboretum Public gardens and arboreta are more than just pretty places. They serve as an insurance policy for the future through their well managed ex situ collections. Ex situ conservation focuses on safeguarding species by keeping them in places such as seed banks or living collections. In situ means "on site", so in situ conservation is the conservation of species diversity within normal and natural habitats and ecosystems. The Scott Arboretum is a member of Botanical Gardens Conservation International (BGCI), which works with botanic gardens around the world and other conservation partners to secure plant diversity for the benefit of people and the planet. The aim of BGCI is to ensure that threatened species are secure in botanic garden collections as an insurance policy against loss in the wild. Their work encompasses supporting botanic garden development where this is needed and addressing capacity building needs. They support ex situ conservation for priority species, with a focus on linking ex situ conservation with species conservation in natural habitats and they work with botanic gardens on the development and implementation of habitat restoration and education projects. BGCI uses the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ to identify the level of threat to plants. In-depth analyses of the data contained in the IUCN, the International Union for Conservation of Nature, Red List are published periodically (usually at least once every four years). The results from the analysis of the data contained in the 2008 update of the IUCN Red List are published in The 2008 Review of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species; see www.iucn.org/redlist for further details.
    [Show full text]
  • Himalayan Yew)
    IJCBS, 9(2016):116-120 International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences (ISSN 2226-9614) Journal Home page: www.iscientific.org/Journal.html © International Scientific Organization A review on phytochemistry and medicinal uses of Taxus wallichiana L. (Himalayan Yew) Abdul Wahab1, Rasheed Ahmad Khera1, Rafia Rehman1, Ayesha Mushtaq1*, Aicha Blama Merzaia2, Muhammad Waqar Azeem1 aDepartment of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan and bAgr-food Technology Division, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeri, 2 Rueles frères Oudek Hassan Badi, ElHarrch, Alger, BP200, Algeria Abstract Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana), a member of family Taxaceae is an evergreen, medium sized, drought tolerant tree which has been used traditionally to cure epilepsy, respiratory infections, colds, cough, asthma, and liver disorders. Recently, plant received great attention of researchers as its bark and leaf are major sources of anticancer drug (Taxol). Other potent chemical constituents include bioflavonoids, lignans, phytosterols, and phytoecdysteroids. Present review focuses on chemical composition, traditional medicinal, and pharmacological uses of Himalayan yew. Key words: Taxol, Himalayan Yew, archeological evidence, anticancer activities Full length article *Corresponding Author, e-mail: [email protected] 1. Botany Taxus species have a long history of utilization 1.1. Introduction throughout human history. Various archeological studies Himalayan Yew (Taxus wallichiana) is an ever suggest that yews were used to make spears, bows, and axe green tree belonging to family Taxaceae and genus Taxa. shafts in Neolithic and Roman periods [3]. The oldest spear The genus Taxa contains about twenty species. Taxus found in Essex of England, made from the wood of baccata, Taxus brevifolia, Taxus canadensis, Taxus European yew (Taxus baccata L.) is a strong evidence of cuspidate, Taxus floridana and Taxus wallichiana are the yew wood durability.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the Primary Vascular System Of
    ArneI'. J. Bot. 5.5(4): 447-457. 1968. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE PRIMARY VASCULAR SYSTElVI OF CONIFERS. 1. GENERA WITH HELICAL PHYLLOTAXISl KADAMBARI K. N AMBOODIRI2 AND CHARLES B. BECK Department of Botany, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor ABSTRACT The primary vascular system of 23 species belonging to 18 genera of conifers with helical phyllotaxis has been investigated with the intent of determining the architecture .f the system. Special attention has been given to nodal and subnodal relations of the vascular bundles. The vascular system seems to be composed solely of relatively discrete sympodia, that is, axial vascu­ lar bundles from which leaf traces branch unilaterally. Although the discreteness of the syrn­ podia is not immediately apparent because of their undulation and lateral contacts with neigh­ boring ones, close examination, including a statistical analysis of the tangential contacts, seems to reveal that each sympodium maintains its identity throughout. Although two traces may be apparent at nodal levels, the trace supply to a leaf originates, in all species, as a single bundle. An analysis is made of the relationship between the vasculature and the phyllotaxis. It is ob­ served that the direction of trace divergence can be accurately predicted when the direction of the ontogenetic spiral, the angle of divergence of leaf traces, and the number of syrnpodia are known. THE ORIGIN and evolution of gymnosperms that of the ferns by reduction (Jeffrey, 1902, are significant problems that deserve increased 1917). Consequently, he considered the leaf gap attention. There have been few modern compara­ of seed plants to be homologous with that of tive studies of extant gymnosperms, and most the ferns.
    [Show full text]
  • Collection of Taxus from Tirthan Valley, Himachal Pradesh, India for Conservation in Non Natural Environment
    1 Plant Archives Vol. 20, Supplement 2, 2020 pp. 2080-2083 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 COLLECTION OF TAXUS FROM TIRTHAN VALLEY, HIMACHAL PRADESH, INDIA FOR CONSERVATION IN NON NATURAL ENVIRONMENT Pragati Sahai and Vimlendu Bhushan Sinha* Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, U.P.-201310, India Corresponding author*: [email protected]; +91-9716063935 Abstract Taxol is the prime component of Himalayan yew ( Taxus baccata ) and it has led to its over-exploitation. Himalayan Yew has slow growing nature and even the survival percentage remains low due to longer seed dormancy. The study aimed at conserving Himalayan yew ( Taxus baccata ) in its non-native conditions and it became evident to collect it from documented natural reserves and then carry out conservation strategies. The lower Himalayan range has enormous Taxus plant but the approachability and feasibility of bring plants from such location always remains questionable due to safety concerns. Tirthan valley near Manali, Himachal Pradesh, India was found as an approachable and appropriate place for collecting Yew plants and was executed. The plants were growing in some protected area and with the help of local guides and support extended by the forest department the workers were able to collect the plants as a part of research material in sufficient quantities. Keywords : Taxus ; Yew; Bio conservation; Soil-less culture; Taxol; Toxoids. Introduction commercial requirements of Taxol. It was thought that Yew ( Taxus baccata ) is found in lower Himalayan whatever strategy we need to use but it will only sustain if we range and is found to be distributed in the states like are able to carry out biological conservation of this plant.
    [Show full text]
  • Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2
    Agroforestry News Index Vol 1 to Vol 22 No 2 2 A.R.T. nursery ..... Vol 2, No 4, page 2 Acorns, edible from oaks ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Aaron, J R & Richards: British woodland produce (book review) ..... Acorns, harvesting ..... Vol 5, No 4, Vol 1, No 4, page 34 page 3 Abies balsamea ..... Vol 8, No 2, page Acorns, nutritional composition ..... 31 Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies sibirica ..... Vol 8, No 2, page 31 Acorns, removing tannins from ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Abies species ..... Vol 19, No 1, page 13 Acorns, shelling ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 3 Acca sellowiana ..... Vol 9, No 3, page 4 Acorns, utilisation ..... Vol 5, No 4, page 4 Acer macrophyllum ..... Vol 16, No 2, page 6 Acorus calamus ..... Vol 8, No 4, page 6 Acer pseudoplatanus ..... Vol 3, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 10 Acer saccharum ..... Vol 16, No 1, page 3 Actinidia arguta, cultivars ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 14 Acer saccharum - strawberry agroforestry system ..... Vol 8, No 1, Actinidia arguta, description ..... Vol page 2 1, No 4, page 10 Acer species, with edible saps ..... Vol Actinidia arguta, drawings ..... Vol 1, 2, No 3, page 26 No 4, page 15 Achillea millefolium ..... Vol 8, No 4, Actinidia arguta, feeding & irrigaton page 5 ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 11 3 Actinidia arguta, fruiting ..... Vol 1, Actinidia spp ..... Vol 5, No 1, page 18 No 4, page 13 Actinorhizal plants ..... Vol 3, No 3, Actinidia arguta, nurseries page 30 supplying ..... Vol 1, No 4, page 16 Acworth, J M: The potential for farm Actinidia arguta, pests and diseases forestry, agroforestry and novel tree ....
    [Show full text]
  • Taxus Wallichiana (Zucc.), an Endangered Anti-Cancerous Plant: a Review
    International Journal of Research e-ISSN: 2348-6848 p-ISSN: 2348-795X Available at https://pen2print.org/index.php/ijr/ Volume 05 Issue 21 October 2018 Taxus wallichiana (Zucc.), an Endangered Anti-Cancerous Plant: A Review Sudina Bhuju1 & Dhurva P. Gauchan1 1Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal. Corresponding email: [email protected] Abstract: which are: Baglung, Bajhang, Darchula, Dhankuta, Dolakha, Dolpa, Doti, Gorkha, Humla, Jajarkot, Taxus one of the slow growing species, is found to be Jumla, Kaski, Kathmandu, Lamjung, Manang, the major source of Taxol (anti-cancer agent). Since Mustang, Myagdi, Parbat, Rasuwa, Sankhuwasabha, very less is known about the biology of Taxus genus Solukhumbu and Taplejung. alongside the controversies going on with the species, profitable mechanism for large scale Taxol In Nepal, it is distributed in the Western, Central and production is still in debate. Commercially, Taxol Eastern sub-alpine and temperate regions in the synthesis is unlikely because of the limited sources range of 1800-3000m in association with Quercus and probability of over consumption of natural semecarpifolia, Abies spectabilis, Picea smithiana, product, which would be an issue concerning the Cedrus deodara, Tsuga dumosa, Pinus wallichiana endangered species of Taxus like Taxus wallichiana. and Rhododendron campanulatum [2]. In Vietnam, The only possible alternative way for high conifers like Dacrycarpus imbricatus, Keteleeria production of Taxol is by generating Taxol in plant- evelyniana, Nageia wallichiana, and Podocarpus based mediums without exploiting the plant in its neriifolius has been found associated with T. natural vegetation. Before that, one should have wallichiana where they grow in sub-montane detailed understanding about Taxus.
    [Show full text]
  • P. 1 PC11 Doc. 22 CONVENTION on INTERNATIONAL TRADE
    PC11 Doc. 22 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ____________ Eleventh meeting of the Plants Committee Langkawi (Malaysia), 3-7 September 2001 REVIEW OF THE GENUS TAXUS 1. This document has been prepared by the United States of America. Background 2. The Scientific Authority of the United States of America submitted Doc. PC.10.13.3 at the Tenth Plants Committee meeting (PC10) in Shepherdstown. The outcome of that meeting identified two issues: 1) the United States of America, with the assistance of the Management Authority of China, would continue to review the trade in yew and identify any potential conservation issues, and 2) the Nomenclature Committee would review the taxonomic treatment of the genus Taxus. Each were to present their findings at the Eleventh Plants Committee meeting. 3. Due to other work priorities, the Management Authority of China was not able to contribute to this review (Yu Yongfu, personal communication, May 21, 2001). Review 4. As discussed at PC10, there is an increasing amount of information available to indicate that species other than Taxus wallichiana are harvested from the wild to meet the growing international demand for the chemical compound paclitaxel, which has been isolated from yew trees. The intern ational demand for the chemical compounds derived from yews is significant (Schippmann 2001). Taxus brevifolia, T. baccata, and a number of Asian species (e.g., T. chinensis and T. cuspidata) are all sources of paclitaxel (Schippmann 2001). The IUCN has reported that Taxus wallichiana, T. baccata, and T. yunnanensis are all harvested for the pharmaceutical market (IUCN-WCU 1994).
    [Show full text]
  • Botanical Diversity in Pakistan
    World Environment Day – June 2010 85 BOTANICAL DIVERSITY IN PAKISTAN; PAST PRESENT AND FUTURE By: *Muhammad Ibrar Shinwari1, **Maryum Ibrar Shinwari2 1 Pakistan Museum of Natural History, Shakarparian, Islamabad 2PASTIC National Centre, Quaid-i-Azam University Campus, Islamabad (*[email protected], **[email protected]) Abstract What so ever beneficial or dangerous it may be; the recent war against terrorism and extremism has also become a killing threat to botanical resources of North West and South West mountains in Pakistan. Moreover, Northern Mountains have lost its natural habitat due to earthquake in 2005. Pakistan with a great diversity of flora hosts around 6000 vascular plant species due to its varied climatic and edaphic factors. Four monotypic genera of flowering plants (Douepia, Suleimania, Spiroseris, Wendelboa) and around 400 species (7.8%) are endemic to Pakistan. Almost 80% of Pakistan‟s endemic flowering plants are confined to the northern and western mountains where war against terrorism and extremism is going on. About 400 species were traded in different drug markets of the country by local people of those areas before war. It was a dire need to quantify the existing herbals and their knowledge but no explorations can be made due to war. Today the ecological trend which was already of greatest concern in Pakistan due to continuous loss, fragmentation and degradation of natural habitats further accelerated because of the political instability and natural disaster. This is affecting without exception forests, rangelands, fresh-water and marine ecosystems. Of equal concern is the continuing decline in many native species of animals and plants. The degradation of agro-ecosystems and the accelerating loss of domestic genetic diversity are areas that need to be looked into.
    [Show full text]
  • Arboretum News Armstrong News & Featured Publications
    Georgia Southern University Digital Commons@Georgia Southern Arboretum News Armstrong News & Featured Publications Arboretum News Number 5, Summer 2006 Armstrong State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/armstrong-arbor- news Recommended Citation Armstrong State University, "Arboretum News" (2006). Arboretum News. 5. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/armstrong-arbor-news/5 This newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by the Armstrong News & Featured Publications at Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arboretum News by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Georgia Southern. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Arboretum News A Newsletter of the Armstrong Atlantic State University Arboretum Issue 5 Summer 2006 Watch Your Step in the Primitive Garden Arboretum News Arboretum News, published by the Grounds Department Plants from the Past of Armstrong Atlantic State University, is distributed to Living Relatives of Ancient faculty, staff, students, and friends of the Arboretum. The Arboretum Plants in the Primitive Garden encompasses Armstrong’s 268- acre campus and displays a wide By Philip Schretter variety of shrubs and other woody plants. Developed areas of campus he Primitive Garden, contain native and introduced Tlocated next to Jenkins species of trees and shrubs, the Hall on the Armstrong majority of which are labeled. Atlantic State University Natural areas of campus contain campus, allows you to take plants typical in Georgia’s coastal a walk through time by broadleaf evergreen forests such as displaying living relatives of live oak, southern magnolia, red ancient plants. The following bay, horse sugar, and sparkleberry.
    [Show full text]