Prepared for ARLINGTON COUNTY & CITY OF ALEXANDRIA Consultants R HODESIDE & HARWELL, INCORPORATED CH2M HILL BIOHABITATS, INCORPORATED BEYER BLINDER BELLE AUGUST 2009 F our Mile Run Design Guidelines F our Mile Run Design Guidelines Final Draft F our Mile Run Design Guidelines i FOUR MILE RUN DESIGN GUIDELINES Environmental Awareness 52 C NTENTS F oreword iv 6. Appendices/References 106 • Sustainable Design References Appendix 1 – Plant Lists • Community Education 1. Introduction 2 Appendix 2 – Planning Efforts Public Spaces 53 O Appendix 3 – Referenced Websites Trails, Nodes, Promenades and Plazas 53 2. How to Use the References • Commuter Trail Guidelines 6 • Community Trail Format of the Design Guidelines • Informal Trail • Ramps Acknowledgments 111 3. Master Plan • Informal Stream Crossings Photo and Illustration Credits • Raised Trails / Boardwalks Recommendations 10 Agencies and Team Hydrology and Flood Control • Railings & Handrails Stormwater Management Recreation and Sports Facilities 69 Vegetation and Habitat Green Open Space 71 Circulation and Connection Sports Facilities 71 Urban Form and Neighborhoods Public Art 71 Recreation Motorized Access 72 L ist of Figures • Adjacent Streets and Intersections Interpretation and Education 1.1 Four Mile Run Stream Corridor (air photo) 4 • Parking 4. Design Language 20 Built Features 73 3.1 Four Mile Run Restoration Master Plan 12 Rationale of the Design Language Architectural Components 73 5.1 Channel Restoration and Design Language • Buildings Infrastructure Re-use/Modern Rustic • Bridges Stabilization Map 32 Composite Solution • Retaining Walls and Levees 5.2 Restoration Planting Map 38 • Site Furnishings Lighting 81 5.3 Stormwater Management Map 44 5. Design Guidelines 30 • Continuous Trail Lighting 5.4 Trails, Nodes, Promenades Central Design Themes 30 • Partial Trail Lighting and Plazas Map 54 Green Design Principles 31 • Node Lighting Channel Restoration and Stabilization 33 • Feature Lighting 5.5 Recreation and Sports Facilities Map 70 • Status • Uplighting 5.6 Architectural Components Map 74 Habitat Restoration 35 • Sports Lighting • Wetland Restoration Perimeter, Entries, and Wayfinding 85 5.7 Perimeter, Entries, and Wayfinding Map 86 • Planting of Naturalized Areas • Perimeter 5.8 Building Form Map 92 Restoration Planting 37 • Entries • Invasive Species Management • Wayfinding and Signage • Soil Conditions Planting 89 • Riparian and Wetland Buffers • Street Trees • Ecological Connectivity • Urban Gardens Stormwater Management 43 • Naturalized Areas • Bioretention Building Form 91 • Green Roofs • Minimize Building Impact • Permeable Pavement • Variety of Experiences • Stormwater Planters • Increase Safety • Litter Control • Access to Promenade • Underground Storage • Exciting, High–Quality Architecture • Daylighting • Pulling it All Together ii Three years ago, the Four Mile Run Restoration and the neighborhoods and businesses nearby. We have already seen that the vision Master Plan was completed and adopted by the contained in these two companion documents is serving as a catalyst for positive City of Alexandria and Arlington County. Now change in the neighborhoods and commercial areas along this shared border. I pledge this companion document, the Four Mile Run to continue to work closely with Arlington and Alexandria to bring to bear the Design Guidelines, is finished and ready to serve necessary federal resources that will be required to fulfill the vision found in these as a guide to move the Master Plan to reality. pages, knowing that it will also take continued commitment and resources from both of These guidelines provide a specific design these communities and the private sector to see it to fruition. I remain convinced that language for the physical manifestation of the together, with all parties willingly working toward a common goal, we can ensure that FOREWORD ecological and urban design elements previously Four Mile Run will have a very bright future, indeed. recommended in the Master Plan. The Master Plan envisioned a new and bright future for the blighted waterway, which now houses the infrastructure backbone upon which Congressman James P. Moran urban life in these two communities depends. The channel, designed with the single purpose of carrying flood waters away as quickly Eighth Congressional District as possible, is framed by a wastewater treatment plant, a large power substation, and Virginia transit facilities, while high voltage transmission lines soar above it all. The waters are not clean enough to sustain native aquatic fauna and flora. While the Master Plan addressed these infrastructure challenges generally, these guidelines more specifically address the character of our urban infrastructure, which is embraced as a positive attribute and influence in the urban design aspects of this restoration project. In these pages, the power lines, rusted sheet metal, large pieces of concrete, and rocks become the foundation for a design language that imagines a vibrant future for this corridor and seamlessly knits together new and existing elements. The use of these unique elements grounds future projects in this language of urban infrastructure and creates a place—and a distinct sense of place—that acknowledges the full range of challenges of a modern, urban existence…life in the city. At the same time, these design guidelines further define and reinforce the principles of sustainable design articulated in the original Master Plan. The design direction developed in this document embodies ecological principles throughout all aspects of the stream restoration: trails and paths, public art, landscape design and the hardscape of the more urban aspects envisioned along this greenway. And it is here that we begin to see how public art can and should be seamlessly infused as an integral part of this restoration, so that it will become a highlight of this restored stream valley. Like the visionary Master Plan, the development of the Design Guidelines is the result of an unprecedented collaboration between the two municipalities straddling Four Mile Run, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Northern Virginia Regional Commission FOREWORD iv I ntroduction The Four Mile Run Restoration Master Plan (March 2006) established a broad vision to fulfill the great potential of the Four Mile Run stream corridor. Among its many recommendations, the Master Plan identified a number of design principles to guide future improvements within and adjacent to the stream corridor. These principles are organized under three central themes: (1) green design principles, (2) a vibrant public 1 realm, and (3) a built environment that acknowledges and respects the stream and INTRODU contributes positively to the public realm. This document supplements the Master Plan, by adding greater clarity and specificity to its overarching ideas and further establishes a visual and physical character for future improvements to the Four Mile Run stream corridor. The magnitude of the recommendations in the Master Plan suggest that the improvements will likely be initiated over a long period of time and be completed in separate, phased segments. Many agencies, owners, and developers will need to collaborate with planners, architects, landscape architects, engineers, designers and artists to make the Master Plan vision a reality. The publication of the Design Guidelines establishes a clear design framework that C future collaborative teams may use as a basis for their work. The intent is not to restrict T creativity or limit the possibilities of future design efforts, rather to build a strong framework within which ideas can be applied. At the broadest level, these guidelines ION provide a design language based on commonalities among materials and forms that are coordinated to create visual cohesiveness and compatibility. At their most specific, the guidelines establish performance criteria and design requirements for selected elements within the corridor. Portions of the guidelines are intentionally left open to allow for maximum creativity. T he publication of the Design Guidelines establishes a clear design framework that future collaborative teams may use as a basis for their work. The intent is not to restrict creativity or limit the possibilities of future design efforts, but rather to build a strong framework within which ideas can be applied. INTRODUCTION 2 3 FOUR MILE RUN DESIGN GUIDELINES FOUR MILE RUN STREAM CORRIDOR F IGURE 1.1 INTRODUCTION 4 How to Use the Guidelines FRA O M T OF THE DESIGN GUIDELINES The Four Mile Run Design Guidelines document includes three primary sections. The The Design Guidelines document uses narratives, maps, diagrams, illustrations and first section, “Master Plan Recommendations” (Chapter 3), summarizes the key photographs to communicate the visual and physical qualities envisioned for each statements from the Four Mile Run Restoration Master Plan (March 2006) that set a design element. Each element or group of elements is preceded by a narrative that design direction and establish the basis for this publication. As noted in Chapter 3, the explains the topics, restates the applicable design principles from the Master Plan, and Design Guidelines is a companion document to the Master Plan. It is anticipated that describes the overarching goals the guidelines intend to achieve. Where the Master Plan 2 has already identified a general location of the design elements, a highlighted map users be familiar with the Master Plan to fully understand the complexity