Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Landwirtschaft und Forsten Agriculture and Forestry in Bavaria Facts and Figures 2002 www.landwirtschaft.bayern.de www.forst.bayern.de Introduction Contents 2 Politicians, professionals and socie- 1. Agriculture as an economic sector 5 ty at large must continuously adjust I Gross output 5 I Value added 5 to new agropolitical challenges. I Agricultural productivity 5 Reliable information is a great help. I Employment in agriculture and forestry 5 I Bavaria’s food industry 5 This brochure contains selected I Dairy structure 6 facts and figures from the Agricul- I Slaughterhouse structure 6 tural Report 2002. They provide an 2. Bavarian foreign trade in food and agricultural products 6 I Bavarian exports of food and agricultural products by recipient countries 7 insight into the current situation in I Bavarian exports of food and agricultural products by food groups 7 agriculture and forestry, and underline their importance for I Agricultural imports 7 I Consumer expenditure 8 Bavaria. I Food supply in Bavaria 8 Safeguarding the competitiveness and sustainability of 3. Agricultural employment in Bavaria 8 4. Structural changes in Bavarian agriculture 9 Bavaria’s agricultural, forestry and food industries remains a I Full-time holdings 9 primary objective of Bavarian agrarian policy. To effectively I Part-time holdings 10 I Leasehold farming 10 support farming in Bavaria, we depend on open and objective 5. Economic situation of farm holdings in Bavaria 10 dialogue in our society. This must be based on a commitment to 6. Agricultural consultancy and administrative organisation 12 I the environment and solidarity with family farms. Organisation, tasks, personnel 12 I Use of IT in specialist schools and in agricultural support programmes 12 Bavaria is a major agricultural region at the heart of Europe, 7. Farm succession and professional qualification in Bavaria 13 I Professional education in agriculture 13 and our farmers produce high-quality food. They also preserve 8. Agrarian social policy 13 and care for the highly diverse, man-made landscapes so 9. Plant production 14 I Land distribution 14 appreciated by our fellow citizens, by holidaymakers and by I Integrated crop management 14 those seeking relaxation in the countryside. As the owners of I Green gene engineering 14 I woodland, farmers carry additional economic and ecological Organic farming 15 10. Land use in Bavaria 15 responsibility. This brochure illustrates the great diversity of I Cereals 16 farming activities and the contribution farmers make towards I Potatoes 16 I Sugar beet 16 enriching our society. I Hops 16 I Oil-producing crops 17 I Fodder crops and permanent grassland 17 I Alpine farming and forestry 17 I Wine 17 I Horticulture 18 I Fruit farming 18 Josef Miller 11. Animal products industry 19 I Production and marketing 19 Bavarian State Minister of Agriculture and Forestry I Cattle keeping 19 I Milk production and delivery 20 I Milk processing 20 I Pig keeping 20 I Sheep keeping 21 Publisher: I Poultry keeping 21 Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Landwirtschaft und Forsten, Postfach 22 00 12, 80535 München, Germany I Horse keeping 22 [email protected]; www.stmlf.bayern.de I Fisheries 22 www.landwirtschaft.bayern.de; www.forst.bayern.de 12. Rural development through land consolidation and village renewal 23 RB No. 08/03/03 of November, 2002 13. Non-food utilisation of biomass 23 Editorial office: Public Relations and Agricultural Statistics Office 14. Funding of agropolitical measures 24 Photographs: Lehr 1,4,8,15; StMLF archive; 12,21,23; Günter 22 15. Forestry and the timber industry 25 Graphics: Sainer Werbeagentur GmbH, 82166 Gräfelfing I Forest area and social functions of forests 25 Translation: Jennifer Pockrandt, Reichertshausen I Printing: Aumüller Druck, Regensburg Forest damage, forest conservation and research 28 I Organisational structure/personnel of the Bavarian Forestry Administration 29 Paper made from I certified sustainable Certified to Management of state-owned forest 30 forestry products PEFC/04-4-0003 I Privately-owned and communal woodland 31 Statistics from : Bavarian State Agency for Statistics and Data Processing – I Timber industry and the market situation 32 Bavarian Agricultural Report 2002 16. Hunting 32 1. Agriculture as an economic sector I Gross output Table 1 3 The value of Bavaria’s gross agricultural output (exclud- Gross output, input-related expenditure and ing forestry and fisheries) in 1999 was EUR 8.15 billion. gross value added of Bavarian agriculture and forestry Indicator 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 >>> Table 1 in EUR mill. I Value added Gross output 8,383 8,801 8,929 8,559 • Input-related expenditure 4,769 4,835 4,951 4,866 • In the last two years, Bavarian agriculture and forestry Gross value added 3,615 3,966 3,978 3,693 4,070 has seen an increase of some 10 % in its gross value added, to a figure of EUR 4.1 billion in 2001, when Bavaria’s contribution to Germany’s gross value added was just under 18 %. Chart 2 The agribusiness sector comprises agriculture together Productivity One Bavarian farmer provided ... persons with food: with its up- and downstream industries. Of the EUR 129 billion which make up the gross value added of German 120 110 agribusiness, farming accounts for 17 %, upstream in- 100 dustries for 6 % and downstream industries for 77 %. 80 66 60 51 I 37 Agricultural productivity 40 28 The number of farm holdings in Bavaria has decreased 20 15 0 continuously over the past few decades. At the same 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2001 time, there has been a huge increase in agricultural pro- ductivity. >>> Chart 2 Table 3 Bavarian food industry I Employment in agriculture and forestry Indicator Number Total Sales in of plants employees EUR billion In 2001, 214,000 persons were gainfully employed in 1995 2001 1995 2001 1995 2001 agriculture. This is 15,000 fewer than in 1999 and cor- Manufacturing/pro- responds to 3.6 % of the working population. cessing establish- One out of eight jobs in Bavaria depends directly or indi- ments with 20 or more employees 997 980 89,830 92,621 17.10 19.69 rectly on the agricultural sector. This means that some Fewer than 12 % of the working population are employed in agricul- 20 employees 475 440 2,856 2,740 0.43 0.41 ture and forestry or in upstream or downstream seg- Food ments. trades 10,287 • 114,062 96,809 6.15 5.90 Total food I Bavaria’s food industry industry 11,759 •206,748 192,170 23.68 26.00 In 2001, the Bavarian food industry posted sales of EUR 26.0 billion. A total of 192,000 people were employed in the industry’s two segments, food manufacturing and Table 4 processing, and the food trades. Bavarian dairy companies by raw-material input The Bavarian food manufacturing and processing seg- Year Total Raw-material input exceeding... but less than.... ment accounts for three quarters of food-industry sales. in 1 000 t/year/dairy company Within Bavaria, more than half of the food industry’s less 50 100 150 200 300 than to bis to to or workforce is employed in the food trades segment 50 100 150 200 300 more Number of (bakers, butchers, etc.). In 2001, 96,800 employees gene- dairy companies rated annual food-trade sales of EUR 5.9 billion. 1992 110 52 24 12 9 9 4 >>> Table 3 1995 103 44 25 9 10 11 4 I Dairy structure 1998 95 41 21 12 5 10 6 2000 92 40 17 13 6 10 6 Dairy farming in Bavaria continued to restructure during the period under review. In 2000, the number of dairies decreased to 122, and the number of dairy companies dropped to 92. By the end of 2001, there were 89 com- panies managing 121 dairies. Bavaria encourages investments that will lead to further structural improvements in dairy farming and thus increase profits and promote competitiveness. >>> Table 4 2. Bavarian foreign trade in food and agricultural products 4 I Slaughterhouse structure Since 1970, Bavaria’s agricultural and food industry has Currently, some 2,000 small slaughterhouses and 45 increased its exports by over 700 %. Food of animal ori- medium-sized and large EU-approved slaughterhouses gin accounts for the major part of this increase, while are registered in Bavaria. exports of live animals have decreased significantly. – A dense network of slaughterhouses is the prerequi- >>> Chart 5 site for short transport distances. In 2000, agricultural exports from Bavaria (excluding – Available slaughtering capacities are geared to regional trade between the Laender) totalled EUR 4.71 billion. production volumes. Bavaria accounts for 18.3 % of Germany’s agricultural – Mixed slaughterhouse ownership promotes competi- exports (including those from the new Laender), i.e. tion and benefits farmers. more than any other state. – Most of the supraregional slaughterhouses have been The 15 EU countries remain the most important export able to improve their capacity utilisation, which is market for agricultural goods. 82 % of agricultural important if they are to be competitive on the national exports, with an approximate value of EUR 3.9 billion, and international markets. go to these countries. However, trade with Central and Eastern European countries (CEP countries) is also very important. In 2000, Bavaria exported agricultural goods to the value of EUR 345 million to these countries. >>> Chart 6 Chart 6 Bavarian agricultural trade in EUR mill. 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 Agricultural exports Agricultural imports Chart 5 Bavarian agricultural exports since 1970 by commodity classes in EUR mill.