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39022 Public Disclosure Authorized 39022 Public Disclosure Authorized Tools for Institutional, Public Disclosure Authorized Political, and Social Analysis of Policy Reform A Sourcebook for Development Practitioners Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Tools for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis of Policy Reform Tools for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis of Policy Reform A Sourcebook for Development Practitioners Washington, D.C. © 2007 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 10 09 08 07 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not neces- sarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judge- ment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruc- tion and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint any part of this work, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA; telephone: 978-750-8400; fax: 978-750-4470; Internet: www.copyright.com. All other queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202- 522-2422; e-mail: [email protected]. DOI: 10.1596/978-0-8213-6890-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Holland, Jeremy, 1966– Tools for institutional, political, and social analysis of policy reform: a sourcebook for development practitioners / Jeremy Holland. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8213-6890-9 ISBN-10: 0-8213-6890-7 ISBN-10: 0-8213-6891-5 (electronic) 1. Poverty—Government policy—Developing countries—Evaluation. 2. Economic assistance— Evaluation. 3. Economic policy—Evaluation. I. World Bank. II. Title. HC59.72.P6H65 2007 362.5'561091724—dc22 2006037327 Contents Foreword xii Acknowledgments xiv Abbreviations xvi Part 1 Overview 1 1 Introduction to the Sourcebook: Tools for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis (TIPS) in PSIA3 Objectives of the Sourcebook3 Scope of the Sourcebook4 Getting Around the Sourcebook5 2 An Introduction to PSIA9 PSIA Objectives9 Elements of PSIA Methodology 15 3 A Framework for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis in PSIA: Macro-, Meso-, and Micro-Level Analysis 31 Macro-Level Analysis: Understanding the Country and Reform Context 33 Meso-Level Analysis: Understanding the Policy Implementation Process 38 Micro-Level Analysis: Understanding the Impacts of Policy Reform 41 Reviewing Policy 54 4 PSIA and the Policy Process 63 Understanding PSIA in Policy Processes 63 Stakeholder Participation in the Policy Process 68 5 Conclusions 75 v Contents 6 Case Studies 77 PSIA Policy Impact: Mining Sector Reform in the Democratic Republic of Congo 77 Combining Methods in PSIA: Land and Fertilizer Reform in Zambia 86 PSIA and the Policy Process: The Armenia Social Sector PSIA 93 Part 2 Tools and Case Studies 101 Introduction 101 7 Macro-Level Analysis: Understanding the Country and Reform Context 103 Country Context Tools 103 Reform Context Tools 104 Country Social Analysis Procedure 108 Country Social Analysis Case Study 1: Republic of Yemen 109 Country Social Analysis Case Study 2: Haiti 111 Power Analysis Procedure 117 Power Analysis Case Study: Ethiopia 118 Drivers of Change Analysis Procedure 121 Drivers of Change Analysis Case Study: Zambia 123 Stakeholder Analysis Matrices Procedure 127 Stakeholder Analysis Case Study: The Indonesia Rice Tariff PSIA 130 Political Mapping Procedure 135 Political Mapping Case Study: Decentralization and Water Sector Privatization in Albania 137 Network Analysis Procedure 141 Network Analysis Case Study: Multistakeholder Water Governance in Ghana 143 Transaction Cost Analysis Procedure 147 Transaction Cost Analysis Case Study: Chad Cotton Sector PSIA 147 RAPID Framework Procedure 151 RAPID Framework Case Study: PRSP Research-Policy Linkages 152 8 Meso-Level Analysis: Understanding the Policy Implementation Process 159 Meso-Level Stakeholder Analysis Tools 159 Meso-Level Institutional Analysis Tools 160 vi Contents Stakeholder Analysis Matrices 161 Meso-Level Stakeholder Analysis Case Study: The Zambia Land Reform PSIA 161 Micro-Political Mapping Procedure 166 Micro-Political Mapping Case Study: Liberalizing the Mining Sector 166 Force-Field Analysis Procedure 169 Force-Field Analysis Case Study: The Reduction of Price Controls 171 Organizational Mapping Procedure 173 Organizational Mapping Case Study: Chad Cotton Sector Reform 176 9 Micro-Level Analysis: Understanding the Impacts of Policy Reform 181 Secondary Literature Review 181 Contextual Methods 182 Participatory Methods 182 Mixed Method Tools 183 Mixed Method Case Studies 184 Literature Review Procedure, Using Systematic Review Method 186 Literature Review Case Study: PSIA of the Tanzania Crop Boards Reform 188 Conversational Interview Procedure 190 Conversational Interview Case Study: Participatory Ethnographic Evaluation and Research, Cambodia and Myanmar 191 Observation Procedure (Direct Observation) 194 Direct Observation Case Study: Primary Health Care Services in the Philippines 197 Focus Group Discussion Procedure 199 Focus Group Discussion Case Study: Focus Groups for Designing HIV/AIDS Interventions 201 Community-Level Household Questionnaire Procedure 203 Community-Level Questionnaire Case Study 1: A Village Household Survey in Palanpur, India 205 Community-Level Questionnaire Case Study 2: A Rapid City Household Survey in Cali, Colombia 206 Community-Level Questionnaire Case Study 3: The Citizen Report Card Survey in Mumbai, India 207 CoIMPact Procedure 209 The Household Economy Approach Procedure 214 The Household Economy Approach Case Study: Impact of Changes in the Global Coffee Market on Poor Households in Uganda 219 vii Contents Consumer Assessment Procedure 222 Consumer Assessment Case Studies: Utility Reform in Africa 223 Mixed Method Case Studies 225 Mixed Method Case Study 1: Malawi Agricultural Market Reform PSIA 225 Mixed Method Case Study 2: Rwanda Tea Sector Reform PSIA 227 Mixed Method Case Study 3: Republic of Yemen Energy Reform PSIA 229 Mixed Method Case Study 4: Abolition of User Fees in Health Units in Uganda 232 10 Reviewing Policy 239 Social Risk Assessment 239 Scenario Setting 240 Social Risk Management Procedure 242 Social Risk Management Case Study: Vulnerability and Exclusion in Ghana 246 Scenario Analysis Procedure 249 Scenario Analysis Case Study: Scenario Analysis for the National Strategy in South Africa 250 Think Tools Procedure 253 Think Tools Case Study: The Armenia Social Sector PSIA 254 Appendix A Contents of the Accompanying CD-Rom 255 Index 261 Boxes 2.1 Political Economy of Reform: Mining Sector Restructuring in Romania 13 2.2 Ten Elements of Good PSIA 16 2.3 Considering the Counterfactual in the Albania Water Sector Reform PSIA 18 2.4 Six Transmission Channels for PSIA 18 2.5 Policy Reforms Involving Changes in Authority 21 3.1 Country Social Analysis of the Republic of Yemen 35 3.2 Stakeholder Analysis of Zambia Land Reform 38 viii Contents 3.3 Qualitative and Quantitative Dimensions of Poverty and Social Impact Analysis 47 3.4 Ways of Combining Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches 50 4.1 The Key Principles of Good PSIA Process 64 4.2 Selecting Policy Reforms for PSIA 64 4.3 PSIA Selection and Process in Uganda: The Strategic Exports Initiative 65 4.4 Case Study: A Process- and Moderation-Oriented PSIA in Armenia 67 4.5 The PSIA Process in Zambia 67 4.6 Organizing and Managing Meetings and Participatory Assessments 70 4.7 Potential Poverty and Social Impacts of Cambodia’s Social Land Concession Program 72 6.1 Recommendations from the Final Report on the Workshop on Gecamines’ Reorganization 85 7.1 Framework for Basic Country Analysis 122 7.2 Sample Stakeholder Analysis Table 128 7.3 Sample Importance/Influence Matrix 129 7.4 Visual Map of Political Actors and Their Degree of Support for Government 139 Figures 3.1 Tools for Institutional, Political, and Social Analysis 32 3.2 Tools for Macro-Level Analysis 33 3.3 Tools for Meso-Level Analysis 39 3.4 Tools for Micro-Level Analysis 41 3.5 The Method Data Framework 48 3.6 Tools for Reviewing Policy 54 6.1 Concentric Distribution System 96 6.2 Job Placement Performance 97 7.1 Macro-Level Analysis 103 7.2 Conflict-Poverty Cycle in Haiti 113 7.3 Drivers of Change Analytical Framework 121 7.4 Stakeholder Analysis Sequencing, with Examples 127 7.5 Individual Influence Network Maps of Different Members of the White Volta Basin Board, Ghana, 2006 144 7.6 The RAPID Framework 151 8.1 Meso-Level Analysis 159 8.2 Stakeholders’
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