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General Santos City, Philippines 8 Gender Analysis of the Fisheries Sector G E N E R A L S A N T O S C I T Y , P H I L I P P I N E S The USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership (USAID Oceans) 2018 Submission Date: March 2018 Contract Number: AID-486-C-15-00001 Contract Period: May 15, 2015 to May 13, 2020 COR Name: Cristina Vélez Srinivasan Submitted by: The National Network on Women in Fisheries in the Philippines, Inc. (WINFISH) Iloilo City, Philippines Website: www.womeninfisheriesph.org This document was produced by the National Network on Women in Fisheries in the Philippines, Inc. (WINFISH) for the USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership, a United States Agency for International Development/Regional Development Mission for Asia (USAID/RDMA) funded Activity. TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary .................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................... 12 1.1 Background and Context .......................................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 13 2. Methodology .................................................................................................... 14 2.1 Study Sites .......................................................................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Research Design ............................................................................................................................................... 15 2.3 Analytical Method ............................................................................................................................................. 23 2.4 Limitations and Challenges ............................................................................................................................. 25 3. The Philippine Tuna Industry ........................................................................ 26 3.1 The Fisheries Sector ........................................................................................................................................ 26 3.2 Philippine Tuna Industry and Fisheries ........................................................................................................ 28 3.3 Gender in the Philippine Tuna Industry ...................................................................................................... 33 4. Results ............................................................................................................... 35 4.1 The Gendered Tuna Value Chain of General Santos City and Sarangani Bay .................................. 35 4.2 Actors in the Tuna Value Chain of General Santos City and Sarangani............................................. 40 4.3 Opportunities, Constraints and Gender Needs along the Value Chain ............................................ 68 4.4 Enabling Environment ...................................................................................................................................... 73 5. Gender-Related Issues in the Tuna Value Chain ...................................... 76 5.1 Issues on Gender Equity and Empowerment ............................................................................................ 76 5.2 Issues on Sustainable Fisheries Management ............................................................................................. 77 5.3 Issues on Catch Documentation and Traceability ................................................................................... 78 5.4 Issues on Human Welfare .............................................................................................................................. 78 5.5 Other Industry Issues ...................................................................................................................................... 79 6. Key Considerations for USAID Oceans ........................................................ 80 7. Recommendations .............................................................................................. 81 7.1 USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership .................................................................................................. 81 7.2 Local Government Units ................................................................................................................................ 83 7.3 National Government ..................................................................................................................................... 84 7.4 Private Sector and Industry ........................................................................................................................... 85 7.5 Educational and Training Institutions........................................................................................................... 85 7.6 Research Institutions ....................................................................................................................................... 86 7.7 NGOs, Civil Society Organizations, Fishers/Women’s Group ............................................................ 87 7.8 Development Assistance Agencies .............................................................................................................. 88 USAID Oceans and Fisheries Partnership Page 1 of 172 Gender Analysis of the Fisheries Sector: General Santos City, Philippines 8. Key Conclusions ................................................................................................. 89 References ................................................................................................................ 90 Annex I. Summary Tables of Selected Research Findings ............................... 93 Annex 2. Survey Questionnaires ........................................................................ 108 Annex 3. Focus Group Discussions and Interview Guides ........................... 146 Annex 4. Excerpts from the Magna Carta of Women .................................. 163 Annex 5. List of Collaborating Institutions ...................................................... 166 Annex 6. Recommendations for Policy/Research/Action by Identified Gender Issues ............................................................................................................... 167 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Distribution of Survey Respondents ...................................................................................................................... 18 Table 2. Distribution of Focus Group Discussions Conducted, General Santos Area* ........................................... 20 Table 3. Sets of Questionnaire Utilized for the Key Informant Interviews ................................................................. 21 Table 4. Distribution of Key Informants ............................................................................................................................... 22 Table 5. Distribution of Participants to the Gender Analysis Validation Meeting...................................................... 23 Table 6. USAID’s Gender Analysis Framework .................................................................................................................. 24 Table 7. Major fishery exports in terms of value, 2014 .................................................................................................... 27 Table 8. Reconciliation of 2015 tuna catch estimates by gear and species with the 2015 BAS total tuna catch estimates (in MT) ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Table 9. Tuna canning companies owned by Filipino Companies ................................................................................... 32 Table 10. Frequency distribution of respondents ............................................................................................................... 40 Table 11. Percentage who acquired assets, by mode of acquisition, sex and respondent type ............................. 41 Table 12. Percentage who gave dominant response to belief statements ................................................................... 43 Table 13. Percentage who gave correct response to the statement ............................................................................. 44 Table 14. Percentage of extent of involvement in activities in fisheries related projects ........................................ 47 Table 15. Gender activities related to Sustainable Fisheries Management (SFM) ...................................................... 47 Table 16. Gender differentials in community and governance-related activities ........................................................ 48 Table 17. Average number of hours per day spent on activities, by gender and fishing scale type ....................... 49 Table 18. Percentage of respondents who identify which parent makes the household decisions ....................... 50 Table 19. Decision-maker based on majority response, by decision area and by gender ....................................... 51 Table 20. Distribution of respondents, by sex and type of processor .........................................................................
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