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Italy · Country Health Profile 2019 80 85 75 Life Expectancy at Birth,Years EUR 2000 Causes Ofmortalityintheeu

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Italy · Country Health Profile 2019 80 85 75 Life Expectancy at Birth,Years EUR 2000 Causes Ofmortalityintheeu State of Health in the EU Italy IT Country Health Profile 2019 The Country Health Profile series Contents The State of Health in the EU’s Country Health Profiles 1. HIGHLIGHTS 3 provide a concise and policy-relevant overview of 2. HEALTH IN ITALY 4 health and health systems in the EU/European Economic 3. RISK FACTORS 7 Area. They emphasise the particular characteristics and challenges in each country against a backdrop of cross- 4. THE HEALTH SYSTEM 8 country comparisons. The aim is to support policymakers 5. ASSESSMENT OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM 11 and influencers with a means for mutual learning and 5.1. Effectiveness 11 voluntary exchange. 5.2. Accessibility 15 The profiles are the joint work of the OECD and the 5.3. Resilience 18 European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies, 6. KEY FINDINGS 22 in cooperation with the European Commission. The team is grateful for the valuable comments and suggestions provided by the Health Systems and Policy Monitor network, the OECD Health Committee and the EU Expert Group on Health Information. Data and information sources The calculated EU averages are weighted averages of the 28 Member States unless otherwise noted. These EU The data and information in the Country Health Profiles averages do not include Iceland and Norway. are based mainly on national official statistics provided to Eurostat and the OECD, which were validated to This profile was completed in August 2019, based on ensure the highest standards of data comparability. data available in July 2019. The sources and methods underlying these data are To download the Excel spreadsheet matching all the available in the Eurostat Database and the OECD health tables and graphs in this profile, just type the following database. Some additional data also come from the URL into your Internet browser: http://www.oecd.org/ Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), the health/Country-Health-Profiles-2019-Italy.xls European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children (HBSC) surveys and the World Health Organization (WHO), as well as other national sources. Demographic and socioeconomic context in Italy, 2017 Demographic factors Italy EU Population size (mid-year estimates) 60 537 000 511 876 000 Share of population over age 65 (%) 22.3 19.4 Fertility rate¹ 1.3 1.6 Socioeconomic factors GDP per capita (EUR PPP²) 28 900 30 000 Relative poverty rate³ (%) 20.3 16.9 Unemployment rate (%) 11.2 7.6 1. Number of children born per woman aged 15-49. 2. Purchasing power parity (PPP) is defined as the rate of currency conversion that equalises the purchasing power of different currencies by eliminating the differences in price levels between countries. 3. Percentage of persons living with less than 60 % of median equivalised disposable income. Source: Eurostat Database. Disclaimer: The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the OECD or of its member countries, or of the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies or any of its Partners. The views expressed herein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Additional disclaimers for WHO are visible at http://www.who.int/bulletin/disclaimer/en/ © OECD and World Health Organization (acting as the host organisation for, and secretariat of, the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies) 2019 2 State of Health in the EU · Italy · Country Health Profile 2019 1 Highlights ITALY Italy enjoys the second highest life expectancy in Europe, although sizeable inequalities persist across regions and by gender and socioeconomic status. The Italian health care system is generally efficient and performs well in providing good access to high-quality care at a relatively low cost, although there are significant variations across regions. The main challenges facing the health system relate to improving coordination of care for the growing share of the population living with chronic diseases and reducing disparities in access to care. IT EU Health status 85 Life expectancy at birth in Italy reached 83.1 years in 2017, the second highest 831 in the EU after Spain. Since 2000, the gender gap in life expectancy has 809 799 80 narrowed, but on average Italian men still live four years less than women. 773 Important disparities also exist by socioeconomic status and across regions: the least educated Italian men on average live 4.5 years less than the most 75 2000 2017 educated, and people in the most affluent regions in the north live over three Life expectancy at birth, years years more than those living in the least affluent regions in the south. Countr %01 %01 EU IT EU Risk factors Smoking rates in Italy have decreased since 2000, but one in five adults still Smon 20% smoked daily in 2017, slightly more than the EU average (19 %). Obesity among adults increased from 9 % in 2003 to 11 % in 2017 but remains EU Bne drnn 7% belowCountr the EU average (15 %). Excess weight problems among children and adolescents are also an important public health issue, with about one-fifth Obest 11 % of 15-year-olds being overweight or obese in 2013-14, a share close to the % of adults EU average. On a more positive note, the proportion of adults who report episodic heavy drinking is much lower than in most EU countries. IT EU Health system EUR 3 000 Health spending per capita in Italy was EUR 2 483 in 2017, about 15 % Smon 17 below the EU average of EUR 2 884. Health spending has started to EUR 2 000 increase again in recent years, but at a slower rate than in most EU EURBne 1 000 drnn 22 countries. As a share of the economy, health spending accounted for 8.8 % 2005 2011 2017 of GDP in 2017, one percentage point below the EU average of 9.8 %. Nearly PerObest capita spending21 (EUR PPP) three-quarters of health spending is publicly funded, with the rest paid mainly through out-of-pocket payments. Effectiveness Accessibility Resilience Italy’s health system is relatively Unmet needs for medical care in As in many other effective at avoiding premature Italy are generally low, although Member States, deaths, with one of the lowest low-income groups and residents population ageing rates of preventable and treatable in some regions experience will exert pressure on causes of mortality in the EU. greaterCountr barriers to accessing some health and long-term services.EU care systems in the years ahead, IT EU requiring increased efficiency Prevent ble 110 Hh ncome All Low ncome through further transformation of mort l t 157 IT service delivery models towards Tre t ble 67 EU the provision of chronic care mort l t 93 outside hospitals. 0% 3% 6% Age-standardised mortality rate per 100 000 population, 2016 % reporting unmet medical needs, 2017 State of Health in the EU · Italy · Country Health Profile 2019 3 ITALY 2 Health in Italy Life expectancy at birth in Italy is of Italians increased by 3.2 years, a slightly slower the second highest in the EU gain than in the EU as a whole (3.6 years). At 83.1 years in 2017, Italy continues to enjoy the The gender gap in life expectancy is smaller than the second highest life expectancy at birth in the EU after EU average. While Italian women still live more than Spain and more than two years above the EU average four years longer than men, this gap has narrowed (Figure 1). Between 2000 and 2017, the life expectancy by 1.5 years as men’s life expectancy increased more rapidly than that of women between 2000 and 2017. Figure 1. Italians enjoy the second highest life expectancy in the EU Yers 2017 2000 90 – Gender gap: Italy: 4.4 years 85 – 834 831 EU: 5.2 years 827 827 826 825 824 822 822 821 818 817 817 816 816 814 813 812 811 811 809 80 – 791 784 78 7 78 773 76 758 753 749 748 75 – 70 – 65 – EU Sp n Itl Frnce MltCprusIrelnd Greece Polnd Ltv NorwIcelndSweden Austr F nlndBel um Czech Eston Crot Bul r Portu l Sloven GermnDenmr Slov Hun rL thun Romn Luxembour Netherlnds Un ted n dom Source: Eurostat Database. Inequalities in life expectancy are less Figure 2. The education gap in life expectancy is pronounced than in other EU countries 4.5 years for men and about 3 years for women Although less severe than in most other EU countries, inequalities in life expectancy by socioeconomic status remain non-negligible in Italy. As shown in Figure 2, 30-year-old men with lower levels of 576 education live on average 4.5 years less than those 547 ers 541 ers ers 496 with the highest level of education. This education ers gap in longevity is smaller among women, at about three years. These gaps can be explained at least partly by differences in exposure to various risk Lower Higher Lower Higher factors and unhealthy lifestyles, including higher educated educated educated educated women women men men smoking rates and poorer nutritional habits among men and women with lower levels of education. Education gap in life expectancy at age 30: Italy: 2.9 years Italy: 4.5 years Regional inequalities in life expectancy also exist but EU21: 4.1 years EU21: 7.6 years are less pronounced than those by education level.
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