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Texts Checklist, the Making of African American Identity
National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox The Making of African American Identity: Vol. I, 1500-1865 A collection of primary resources—historical documents, literary texts, and works of art—thematically organized with notes and discussion questions I. FREEDOM pages ____ 1 Senegal & Guinea 12 –Narrative of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo (Job ben Solomon) of Bondu, 1734, excerpts –Narrative of Abdul Rahman Ibrahima (“the Prince”), of Futa Jalon, 1828 ____ 2 Mali 4 –Narrative of Boyrereau Brinch (Jeffrey Brace) of Bow-woo, Niger River valley, 1810, excerpts ____ 3 Ghana 6 –Narrative of Broteer Furro (Venture Smith) of Dukandarra, 1798, excerpts ____ 4 Benin 11 –Narrative of Mahommah Gardo Baquaqua of Zoogoo, 1854, excerpts ____ 5 Nigeria 18 –Narrative of Olaudah Equiano of Essaka, Eboe, 1789, excerpts –Travel narrative of Robert Campbell to his “motherland,” 1859-1860, excerpts ____ 6 Capture 13 –Capture in west Africa: selections from the 18th-20th-century narratives of former slaves –Slave mutinies, early 1700s, account by slaveship captain William Snelgrave FREEDOM: Total Pages 64 II. ENSLAVEMENT pages ____ 1 An Enslaved Person’s Life 36 –Photographs of enslaved African Americans, 1847-1863 –Jacob Stroyer, narrative, 1885, excerpts –Narratives (WPA) of Jenny Proctor, W. L. Bost, and Mary Reynolds, 1936-1938 ____ 2 Sale 15 –New Orleans slave market, description in Solomon Northup narrative, 1853 –Slave auctions, descriptions in 19th-century narratives of former slaves, 1840s –On being sold: selections from the 20th-century WPA narratives of former slaves, 1936-1938 ____ 3 Plantation 29 –Green Hill plantation, Virginia: photographs, 1960s –McGee plantation, Mississippi: description, ca. 1844, in narrative of Louis Hughes, 1897 –Williams plantation, Louisiana: description, ca. -
Abolitionist Movement
Abolitionist Movement The goal of the abolitionist movement was the immediate emancipation of all slaves and the end of racial discrimination and segregation. Advocating for immediate emancipation distinguished abolitionists from more moderate anti-slavery advocates who argued for gradual emancipation, and from free-soil activists who sought to restrict slavery to existing areas and prevent its spread further west. Radical abolitionism was partly fueled by the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening, which prompted many people to advocate for emancipation on religious grounds. Abolitionist ideas became increasingly prominent in Northern churches and politics beginning in the 1830s, which contributed to the regional animosity between North and South leading up to the Civil War. The Underground Railroad c.1780 - 1862 The Underground Railroad, a vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada, was not run by any single organization or person. Rather, it consisted of many individuals -- many whites but predominantly black -- who knew only of the local efforts to aid fugitives and not of the overall operation. Still, it effectively moved hundreds of slaves northward each year -- according to one estimate, the South lost 100,000 slaves between 1810 and 1850. Still, only a small percentage of escaping slaves received assistance from the Underground Railroad. An organized system to assist runaway slaves seems to have begun towards the end of the 18th century. In 1786 George Washington complained about how one of his runaway slaves was helped by a "society of Quakers, formed for such purposes." The system grew, and around 1831 it was dubbed "The Underground Railroad," after the then emerging steam railroads. -
Solomon Northup and 12 Years a Slave
Solomon Northup and 12 Years a Slave How to analyze slave narratives. Who Was Solomon Northup? 1808: Born in Minerva, NewYork Son of former slave, Mintus Northup; Northup's mother is unknown. 1829: Married Anne Hampton, a free black woman. They had three children. Solomon was a farmer, a rafter on the Lake Champlain Canal, and a popular local fiddler. What Happened to Solomon Northup? Met two circus performers who said they needed a fiddler for engagements inWashington, D.C. Traveled south with the two men. Didn't tell his wife where he was going (she was out of town); he expected to be back by the time his family returned. Poisoned by the two men during an evening of social drinking inWashington, D.C. Became ill; he was taken to his room where the two men robbed him and took his free papers; he vaguely remembered the transfer from the hotel but passed out. What Happened…? • Awoke in chains in a "slave pen" in Washington, D.C., owned by infamous slave dealer, James Birch. (Note: A slave pen were where (Note:a slave pen was where slaves were warehoused before being transported to market) • Transported by sea with other slaves to the New Orleans slave market. • Sold first toWilliam Prince Ford, a cotton plantation owner. • Ford treated Northup with respect due to Northup's many skills, business acumen and initiative. • After six months Ford, needing money, sold Northup to Edwin Epps. Life on the Plantation Edwin Epps was Northup’s master for eight of his 12 years a slave. -
150Th Anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation Commemorative Coloring Book President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, announcing, "that all persons held as slaves. henceforward shall be free." This book belongs to I celebrated the 150th Anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation at the National Archives, Washington, D.C. The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation was an order issued by President Abraham Lincoln that began the process of freeing all the slaves in the United States. It was signed January 1, 1863. The order freed all slaves held by the Confederate States that were not in control of Union forces. The Eman- cipation Proclamation, followed by the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, would eventually free four million enslaved Americans. The order also allowed freed slaves to join the U.S. mili- tary. By the end of the Civil War in 1865, 200,000 African American troops, most of whom were former slaves, served in the Union armed forces. These added troops, as well as the political effect of the Emancipation Proclamation, helped the Union win the Civil War. As a milestone along the road to end slavery, with the post–Civil War struggles, and the modern legacy of civil rights, the Emancipation Proclamation has assumed a place among the great documents of human freedom. The Emancipation Proclamation Story and Legacy (MariaAbraham is writing) Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, and his Cabinet members read over the Emancipation Proclamation, which proclaimed the freedom of slaves in the 10 states rebelling against the Union in the Civil War. Lincoln first presented the Emancipation Proclamation to his Cabinet on July 22, 1862, and issued the Preliminary Proclamation on September 22, 1862. -
Juneteenth” Comes Ployer and Free Laborer
J UNETEENTH 92 C ELEBRATIONS UNETEENTH is the oldest celebration in the and the connection h eretofore existing be- nation to commemorate the end of slavery in tween them becomes that between em- J the United States. The word “Juneteenth” comes ployer and free laborer. from a colloquial pronunciation of “June 19th,” which With this announcement the last 250,000 slaves in is the date celebrations commemorate. the United States were effectively freed. Afterward In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln signed the many of the former slaves left Texas. As they moved to Emancipation Proclamation, offi - other states to fi nd family mem- cially freeing slaves. However, bers and start new lives, they car- word of the Proclamation did not ried news of the June 19th event reach many parts of the country with them. In subsequent decades right away, and instead the news former slaves and their descendants spread slowly from state to state. continued to commemorate June The slow spread of this important 19th and many even made pilgrim- news was i n part because the A mer- ages back to Galveston, Texas to ican Civil War had not yet ended. celebrate the event. However, in 1865 the Civil War Most of the celebrations ini- ended and Union Army soldiers tially took place in rural areas and began spreading the news of the included activities such as fi shing, war’s end and Lincoln’s Emanci- barbeques, and family reunions. pation Proclamation. Church grounds were also often On June 19, 1865, Major Gen- the sites for these celebrations. As eral Gordon Granger and U nion more and more African Americans Army soldiers arrived in Galves- improved their economic condi- ton, Texas. -
Harriet Jacobs's Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl; a Literary Weapon
PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Tlemcen Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of English Harriet Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl; a Literary Weapon Against Slavery Dissertation submitted to the Department of English as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Literature and Civilization Presented by Supervised by Ms.Tasnim BELAIDOUNI Ms.Meriem MENGOUCHI BOARD OF EXAMINERS Dr. Wassila MOURO Chairwoman Ms. Meriem MENGOUCHI Supervisor Dr. Frid DAOUDI Examiner Academic Year: 2016/2017 Dedications To those who believed in me To those who helped me through hard times To my Mother, my family and my friends I dedicate this work ii Acknowledgements Immense loads of gratitude and thanks are addressed to my teacher and supervisor Ms. Meriem MENGOUCHI; this work could have never come to existence without your vivacious guidance, constant encouragement, and priceless advice and patience. My sincerest acknowledgements go to the board of examiners namely; Dr. Wassila MOURO and Dr. Frid DAOUDI My deep gratitude to all my teachers iii Abstract Harriet Ann Jacobs’s Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl seemed not to be the only literary work which tackled the issue of woman in slavery. However, this autobiography is the first published slave narrative written in the nineteenth century. In fact, the primary purpose of this research is to dive into Incidents in order to examine the author’s portrayal of a black female slave fighting for her freedom and her rights. On the other hand, Jacobs shows that despite the oppression and the persecution of an enslaved woman, she did not remain silent, but she strived to assert herself. -
1 Scene on Radio Made in America (Seeing White, Part 3) Transcript
Scene on Radio Made in America (Seeing White, Part 3) Transcript http://www.sceneonradio.org/episode-33-made-in-america-seeing-white-part-3/ [Gone with the Wind clip] Mammy: Oh naw, Miss Scarlett, come on, be good and eat just a little. Scarlett: No! I’m going to have a good time today. John Biewen: We Americans are notorious for not knowing or caring about history. It’s a generalization, forgive me, history buffs. But it’s a fair one, isn’t it? On the whole, Americans care a whole lot more about tomorrow. Forget yesterday. Yesterday was so long ago, for one thing. Get over it. [Roots clip] Kizzy, reading: For God giveth to a man who is good in his sight wisdom… [door opens] Master: Is that you reading, Kizzy? White woman, laughing: Uncle William, it was only a trick! John Biewen: That said, most of us do have a general picture in our minds of American slavery. Our schools teach it. And the Antebellum South has made recurring appearances in massively popular novels, movies, and TV series. [Roots clip] Father: But don’t split up the family, Master. You ain’t never been that kind of man. Please, Master! Master: Mr. Tom Moore owns Kizzy now. Mr. Odell will take her away today. [Kizzy crying] Mother: Oh God, my baby… 1 John Biewen: Some portrayals of American chattel slavery have been more unvarnished than others. [12 Years a Slave clip] Platt: But I’ve no understanding of the written text… Mistress Epps: Don’t trouble yourself with it. -
Essay for Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument by Kate Clifford Larsen
From: Kate Clifford Larson, Ph.D. To: Cherie Butler, Superintendant, HATU; Aiden Smith, OAH Date: January 15, 2014 RE: HATU National Monument Scholars Roundtable White Paper Response In November 2013, the National Park Service invited five scholars to Dorchester County, Maryland to participate in a roundtable discussion about interpretation of Harriet Tubman’s life and legacy for the newly established Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad National Monument.1 Joining the scholars and NPS professionals, were representatives from Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Blackwater National Wildlife Refuge (BNWR), Maryland Department of Economic Development, the Organization of American Historians, local residents, and Haley Sharpe Design, the exhibit design firm. Initially guided by a set of questions framed by four themes - Building Communities, Anchoring the Spirit, Paths Toward Freedom and Resistance, and Sharing Knowledge - the discussion drew from the specialties and skill sets of each scholar, complimenting and enhancing each other’s ideas and perspectives while examining the core elements of Tubman’s life and legacy. One of the goals of the roundtable was to enhance NPS partnerships and collaborations with stakeholders and historians to ensure the incorporation of varied perspectives and views into innovative and challenging interpretation at NPS sites, particularly sites associated with controversial and emotionally charged subjects such as slavery and freedom at the Tubman National Monument. NPS, Maryland State Parks, and the Maryland -
Freedom for Slaves by Lauren Nguyen
Freedom For Slaves By Lauren Nguyen Mr. Mulacek’s 2015-2016 How did slavery affect America? • Slavery had began in the 1800s and practically shaped America. • Slavery transformed America into an economic power. • Had caused this to make a negative place in history • Gave the us free labor laws. www.history.org How did slavery effect America? • Slavery had help develop the Underground Railroad, which several people were recognized for helping them. • Before the civil war, the United States was transforming into a tobacco and manufacturing country. • The civil war was to preserve the union not a struggle to free the slaves. www.infoplease.com *Who helped with the Underground Railroad? • Harriet Tubman, Fredrick Douglas, Harriet Beecher Stowe, John Brown, and Henry David Thoreau were all helpful for slaves to escape for freedom. • Harriet Tubman and Fredrick Douglas were the 2 well known volunteers to help slaves escape to the South. http://www.history.com/topi cs/black- history/underground-railroad www.history.com What amendment helped end slavery? • The 13th amendment had made slavery extinct, but this had only happened with Abraham Lincoln’s help. • To guarantee the legality and perpetuity of slavery in the slave states, rather than to end it, Abraham Lincoln had chosen to make it the 13th amendment. www.infoplease.com *Where were the slaves states? • The slaves states were located in Delaware, Maryland, district of Columbia, Virginia, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Florida. • Virginia was the first slave state in the US. • The slave states had not began till 1808. -
Pre-VFT, Domestic Slave Trade
A GUIDE TO YOUR VIRTUAL FIELD TRIP MUSEUM RESEARCH CENTER PUBLISHER ABOUT US The Historic New Orleans Collection is a museum, research center, and publisher dedicated to preserving the history and culture of New Orleans and the Gulf South. JENNY SCHWARTZBERG KENDRIC PERKINS RACHEL GAUDRY CURATOR OF EDUCATION EDUCATION SPECIALIST EDUCATION COORDINATOR Meet the educators! We will be your guides during the virtual field trip. YOUR FIELD TRIP JENNY WILL SHARE: • A tour of the virtual exhibition Purchased Lives: New Orleans and the Domestic Slave Trade • Highlights from the Works Progress Administration’s Slave Narrative Collection KENDRIC WILL SHARE: • A virtual walking tour exploring sites from the domestic slave trade in New Orleans • Stories of resistance from people who were enslaved • Information on the industries that fueled the domestic slave trade in America DURING THE FIELD TRIP, YOU CAN USE THE Q&A BOX TO ASK QUESTIONS AND MAKE COMMENTS. WE’D LOVE TO HEAR FROM YOU! ??? ??? SCROLL TO LEARN ABOUT THE KEY TERMINOLOGY THAT WILL BE USED IN OUR PRESENTATIONS. TRANSATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE 1619-1807 The transatlantic slave trade began in North America in Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619 with the arrival of the first slave ship bearing African captives. For nearly 200 years, this trade would continue. European nations would send manufactured goods to Africa and exchange these items for enslaved Africans. They would then send these people to the Americas to be sold. On the return voyages back to Europe, ships were filled with raw materials from the Americas. The transatlantic slave trade was outlawed by the US Congress on March 2, 1807. -
The Inner Workings of Slavery Ava I
__________________________________________________________________ The Inner Workings of Slavery Ava I. Gillespie Ava Gillespie is a h istory major from Tonica, Illinois. She wrote her paper for Historical Research Writing, HIS 2500, with Dr. Bonnie Laughlin - Shultz. ______________________________________________________________________________ I suffered much more during the second winter than I did during the first. My limbs were benumbed by inactions, and the cold filled them with cramp. I had a very painful sensation of coldness in my head; even my face and tongue stiffened, and I lost the power of speech. Of course it was impossible, under the circumstances, to summon any physician. My brother William came and did all he could for me. Unc le Phillip also watched tenderly over me; and poor grandmother crept up and down to inquire whether there was any signs of returning life. I was restored to consciousness by the dashing of cold water in my face, and found myself leaning against my brother’ s arm, while he bent over me with streaming eyes. He afterwards told me he thought I was dying, for I had been in an unconscious state sixteen hours. I next beca me delirious, and was in great danger of betraying myself and my friends. To prevent this, they stupefied me with drugs. I remained in bed six weeks, weary in body and sick at heart…I asked why the curse of slavery was permitted to exist, and why I had been so persecuted and wronged from youth upward. These things took the shape of mystery, which is to this day not so clear to my soul as I trust it will be hereafter. -
Moore Q&A for Solomon Northup Day 2020 Celebration
1. Why did you put your passion and energy into establishing SNDay? My first knowledge of the ordeal of Solomon Northup came through filmmaker Gordon Parks in 1984, as a PBS docudrama, The Odyssey of Solomon Northup. When I saw that film and later the 1999 exhibition at Nott Memorial, Union College, I knew then something had to be done to bring this history to focus. Especially, when I discovered Solomon had history in my little town of Saratoga Springs, NY. From there, I kept pushing forward. I couldn’t see far down the road but I kept moving forward with more and more ideas each year.Another incentive was running into visitors/ tourists downtown in theCity of Saratoga Springs, who would ask me “where are you visiting from” –. It was then, I knew I had do something to bring focus to his story but to bring focus to the largely invisible Black community – a community I recognized as valuable to telling the whole story of life in the North Country. Later it grew into much more than a day, it became a weekend. Then it became the week before the third Saturday in July. I lobbied and acquired additional venues besides the Visitor Center which, at that time, was the most underused building in the City. There was initially disinterest and resistance behavior on many levels. Along the way a few faithful individuals were willing to put their time and energy into supporting me through their own dedication to the cause. Though not a grant writer, I was able to keep it going on a shoestring budget each year.