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Case Studies of Watershed Valuation in Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico

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Case Studies of Watershed Valuation in Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico Case Studies of Watershed Valuation in Bolivia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and Mexico Prepared for The Nature Conservancy by Marcia Brown and Caroline Stem Foundations of Success December 2006 Case studies can be found at www.FOSonline.org Strategic objective: To promote the use of water fees as a financing mechanism for supporting watershed sites of global biodiversity importance. The Innovative Financing and Policy Initiatives for Sustainable Watershed Financing Through Water Fees project’s long-term goal is to promote the use of water fees as a financing mechanism for supporting watershed sites of global biodiversity importance. To accomplish this, The Nature Conservancy has initiated, with the help of the U.S. Agency for International Development, a process for working with stakeholders to begin understanding the “value” of water. It is imperative that users understand the true value of water as a first step to changing their usage or increasing payment. From this initial understanding, the objective is to make the next link to have water users understand the role they play in protecting the watershed and the biodiversity at the source, including financial support This report was made possible through support provided by the Office of Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade, U.S. Agency for International Development, under the terms of Award No. LAG-A-00-99-00045-00. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Agency for International Development. Case Study of Watershed Valuation in the Sama Biological Reserve, Bolivia Final Report Based on November 2004 site visits Prepared for The Nature Conservancy by Marcia B. Brown Foundations of Success Original version: January 2005 Updated version: August 2005 ii Acronyms BMP best management practice COSAALT Cooperativa de Servicios de Agua Potable y Alcantarillado (Potable Water and Sewer Services Cooperative) FOS Foundations of Success FUDENA Fundación para la Defensa de la Naturaleza (Colombia) GEF Global Environmental Facility PRO-AGUA Association for the Protection of Tarija’s Water PROMETA Protección del Medio Ambiente Tarija (Association for the Protection of the Environment of Tarija) SERNAP Servicio Nacional de Areas Protegidas (Nacional Protected Areas Service) TNC The Nature Conservancy USAID United States Agency for International Development Acknowledgements We would like to thank Alfonso Blanco and Ricardo Aguilar of PROMETA for taking the time to organize the site visit and for their generous hospitality. We also thank Monica Ostria of the TNC Bolivia Country Program, Morris Israel of USAID, Roberto Ruiz of the Comité Civico, Francisco Villaruba of the San Lorenzo Municipality, Omar Morales of COSAALT and Andrés Zamora of SERNAP for providing valuable information for the development of this case study. This report is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of The Nature Conservancy and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. iii Table of Contents 1 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 PURPOSE OF CASE STUDY .........................................................................................................................1 1.2 WATERSHED VALUATION PROJECT THEORY ..............................................................................................1 1.3 CASE STUDY STRUCTURE ...........................................................................................................................4 1.4 OVERVIEW OF THIS SITE PROJECT .............................................................................................................5 2 SITE DESCRIPTION ........................................................................................................................................5 3 PROJECT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES ............................................................................................7 4 PROJECT HISTORY ........................................................................................................................................8 4.1 INTEREST IN WATER ISSUES ......................................................................................................................8 4.2 CAPACITY TO ADDRESS WATER ISSUES ....................................................................................................9 5 PLANNING AND ALLIANCE-BUILDING PROCESS ...............................................................................10 5.1 PROJECT DESIGN AND SELECTION OF KEY STAKEHOLDERS ..................................................................10 5.2 PROJECT PLANNING .................................................................................................................................12 6 IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSERVATION STRATEGIES......................................................................13 6.1 PUBLIC OUTREACH CAMPAIGNS ..............................................................................................................13 6.1.1 Enabling Factors ...............................................................................................................................14 6.2 WATERSHED MANAGEMENT POLICIES AND GOVERNANCE STRUCTURE ................................................14 6.2.1 Challenges and Enabling Factors ...................................................................................................17 6.3 WATER USER FEES ..................................................................................................................................18 6.4 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES .............................................................................................................18 6.4.1 Forestry and agricultural best management practices.................................................................18 6.4.2 Best management practices related to demand reduction .........................................................19 7 MONITORING WATERSHED VALUATION WORK .................................................................................19 7.1 MONITORING OF WATER RESOURCES .....................................................................................................19 7.2 MONITORING PROJECT EFFECTIVENESS .................................................................................................19 8 LESSONS LEARNED ....................................................................................................................................20 8.1 WATERSHED VALUATION PROJECTS REQUIRE INTER-INSTITUTIONAL COLLABORATION .........................20 8.2 TECHNICAL INFORMATION IS IMPORTANT FOR BUILDING CREDIBILITY .....................................................20 8.3 WATER VALUATION IS ABOUT RAISING AWARENESS AND IMPROVING MANAGEMENT , NOT ABOUT RAISING MONEY 21 8.4 WATERSHED VALUATION PROCESSES TAKE TIME ....................................................................................21 8.5 TNC AND DONOR AGENCIES SHOULD PROVIDE CONSISTENT SUPPORT AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR SEVERAL YEARS ..............................................................................................................................................21 8.6 ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS CAN CREATE AN OPPORTUNITY FOR IMPROVED MANAGEMENT ................22 9 CONCLUDING REMARKS ...........................................................................................................................22 REFERENCES ..........................................................................................................................................................23 LIST OF PEOPLE INTERVIEWED: .......................................................................................................................23 iv Sama Biological Reserve Watershed Valuation Case Study 1 Introduction 1.1 Purpose of case study For the last few years, The Nature Conservancy (TNC) has supported watershed valuation projects in several countries in Latin America as a strategy for achieving biodiversity conservation. Through the International Water Policy Program, TNC has provided technical assistance to the following countries and sites: • Mexico: Chiapas (including the El Triunfo and La Encrucijada Biosphere Reserves) • Mexico: Quintana Roo • Guatemala: Sierra de las Minas Biosphere Reserve • Honduras: Yojoa Lake Multi-use Area • Bolivia: Sama Mountain Range Biological Reserve • Ecuador: Condor Bioreserve Watershed valuation projects are designed to link water users to watershed conservation. They seek to get water users to contribute to conservation either financially (through user fees or increased public financing of conservation activities) or by taking actions directly to reduce threats to water resources. Thus, watershed valuation projects involve close collaboration between conservation organizations and government agencies, water companies, citizens groups and other key stakeholder groups. TNC asked Foundations of Success (FOS) to develop a series of case studies that document the experiences and knowledge that TNC and its partner organizations have gained about watershed valuation projects in these six sites. This document represents one of the six case studies. In addition to the case studies, we have written a
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