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African American History & Culture
IN September 2016 BLACK AMERICAsmithsonian.com Smithsonian WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM: REP. JOHN LEWIS BLACK TWITTER OPRAH WINFREY A WORLD IN SPIKE LEE CRISIS FINDS ANGELA Y. DAVIS ITS VOICE ISABEL WILKERSON LONNIE G. BUNCH III HEADING NATASHA TRETHEWEY NORTH BERNICE KING THE GREAT ANDREW YOUNG MIGRATION TOURÉ JESMYN WARD CHANGED WENDEL A. WHITE EVERYTHING ILYASAH SHABAZZ MAE JEMISON ESCAPE FROM SHEILA E. BONDAGE JACQUELINE WOODSON A LONG-LOST CHARLES JOHNSON SETTLEMENT JENNA WORTHAM OF RUNAWAY DEBORAH WILLIS SLAVES THOMAS CHATTERTON WILLIAMS SINGING and many more THE BLUES THE SALVATION DEFINING MOMENT OF AMERICA’S ROOTS MUSIC THE NATIONAL MUSEUM OF AFRICAN AMERICAN HISTORY & CULTURE OPENS IN WASHINGTON, D.C. SMITHSONIAN.COM SPECIAL�ADVERTISING�SECTION�|�Discover Washington, DC FAMILY GETAWAY TO DC FALL�EVENTS� From outdoor activities to free museums, your AT&T�NATION’S�FOOTBALL� nation’s capital has never looked so cool! CLASSIC�® Sept. 17 Celebrate the passion and tradition of IN�THE� the college football experience as the Howard University Bisons take on the NEIGHBORHOOD Hampton University Pirates. THE�NATIONAL�MALL NATIONAL�MUSEUM�OF� Take a Big Bus Tour around the National AFRICAN�AMERICAN�HISTORY�&� Mall to visit iconic sites including the CULTURE�GRAND�OPENING Washington Monument. Or, explore Sept. 24 on your own to find your own favorite History will be made with the debut of monument; the Martin Luther King, Jr., the National Mall’s newest Smithsonian Lincoln and World War II memorials Ford’s Th eatre in museum, dedicated to the African are great options. American experience. Penn Quarter NATIONAL�BOOK�FESTIVAL� CAPITOL�RIVERFRONT Sept. -
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What’s On Your Mind? Percy Lavon Julian PhD — The Man Who Wouldn’t Give Up Richard J. Barohn In the Volume 2, Issue 1 of this journal, I told the story of Vivien Thomas, an incredibly bright and technically adept laboratory technician who had to take a role behind the physician Alfred Blalock, literally in the operating room where he would tell Dr. Blalock how to proceed in the new open heart surgeries Vivien developed, and throughout his whole life as he struggled as a black man in the scientific world. He is indeed a scientific hero worthy of honor for Black History Month. Let me tell you the story of another black pioneer in health care science that has touched millions of lives but Figure 1. Percy Julian is seen here in this 1920 photo at who you may never have heard of, and while February DePauw University. was officially Black History month, we should consider any month or day a good time to honor great scientists of and was that year’s valedictorian, majoring in chemistry. all backgrounds. The scientists I will tell you about now He applied to graduate school at DePauw and at many will be of particular interest to neuromuscular health care other institutions around the country, but he was denied researchers and providers. admission. In 1960 he told this story as follows: Percy Lavon Julian, PhD was born in Montgomery, Alabama in 1899, the son of a railway mail clerk and the I shall never forget the week of anxious waiting in 1920 grandson of slaves. -
Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions Revised September 13, 2018 B C D 1 CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER
Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions Revised September 13, 2018 B C D 1 CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER What national organization was founded on President National Association for the Arts Advancement of Colored People (or Lincoln’s Birthday? NAACP) 2 In 1905 the first black symphony was founded. What Sports Philadelphia Concert Orchestra was it called? 3 The novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published in what Sports 1852 4 year? Entertainment In what state is Tuskegee Institute located? Alabama 5 Who was the first Black American inducted into the Pro Business & Education Emlen Tunnell 6 Football Hall of Fame? In 1986, Dexter Gordan was nominated for an Oscar for History Round Midnight 7 his performance in what film? During the first two-thirds of the seventeenth century Science & Exploration Holland and Portugal what two countries dominated the African slave trade? 8 In 1994, which president named Eddie Jordan, Jr. as the Business & Education first African American to hold the post of U.S. Attorney President Bill Clinton 9 in the state of Louisiana? Frank Robinson became the first Black American Arts Cleveland Indians 10 manager in major league baseball for what team? What company has a successful series of television Politics & Military commercials that started in 1974 and features Bill Jell-O 11 Cosby? He worked for the NAACP and became the first field Entertainment secretary in Jackson, Mississippi. He was shot in June Medgar Evers 12 1963. Who was he? Performing in evening attire, these stars of The Creole Entertainment Show were the first African American couple to perform Charles Johnson and Dora Dean 13 on Broadway. -
Steroid Interference with Antifungal Activity of Polyene Antibiotics
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Nov., 1966 Vol. 14, No. 6 Copyright © 1966 American Society for Microbiology Printed in U.S.A. Steroid Interference with Antifungal Activity of Polyene Antibiotics WALTER A. ZYGMUNT AND PETER A. TAVORMINA Department of Microbiology and Natural Products Research, Mead Johnson & Company, Evansville, Indiana Received for publication 21 April 1966 ABSTRACT ZYGMUNT, WALTER A. (Mead Johnson & Co., Evansville, Ind.), AND PETER A. TAVORMINA. Steroid interference with antifungal activity of polyene antibiotics. Appl. Microbiol. 14:865-869. 1966.-Wide differences exist among the polyene antibiotics, nystatin, rimocidin, filipin, pimaricin, and amphotericin B, with ref- erence to steroid interference with their antifungal activities against Candida albicans. Of the numerous steroids tested, ergosterol was the only one which ef- fectively antagonized the antifungal activity of all five polyene antibiotics. The antifungal activities of nystatin and amphotericin B were the least subject to vitia- tion by the addition of steroids other than ergosterol, and those of filipin, rimo- cidin, and pimaricin were the most sensitive to interference. Attempts to delineate the structural requirements of steroids possessing polyene-neutralizing activity in growing cultures of C. albicans are discussed. The ultraviolet absorbance of certain antibiotic steroid combinations was also studied. It has been suggested (1, 9, 13) that the polyene While studying the effects of various steroids antibiotics become bound to the fungal cell mem- on the antimonilial activity of pimaricin, we brane and cause permeability changes with observed that ergostenol was almost as effective attendant depletion of essential cellular con- as the above A5-3/3-hydroxy steroids in antag- stituents. Loss of potassium and ammonium onizing pimaricin. -
The Coordinated Upregulated Expression of Genes Involved In
plants Article The Coordinated Upregulated Expression of Genes Involved in MEP, Chlorophyll, Carotenoid and Tocopherol Pathways, Mirrored the Corresponding Metabolite Contents in Rice Leaves during De-Etiolation Xin Jin 1,2,3,†, Can Baysal 3,†, Margit Drapal 4, Yanmin Sheng 5, Xin Huang 3, Wenshu He 3, Lianxuan Shi 6, Teresa Capell 3, Paul D. Fraser 4, Paul Christou 3,7 and Changfu Zhu 3,5,* 1 Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; [email protected] 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 3 Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio CERCA Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; [email protected] (C.B.); [email protected] (X.H.); [email protected] (W.H.); [email protected] (T.C.); [email protected] (P.C.) 4 Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences and Environment, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK; [email protected] (M.D.); [email protected] (P.D.F.) 5 School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun 130032, China; [email protected] 6 School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; [email protected] 7 ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain Citation: Jin, X.; Baysal, C.; Drapal, * Correspondence: [email protected] M.; Sheng, Y.; Huang, X.; He, W.; Shi, † These authors contributed equally to this work. L.; Capell, T.; Fraser, P.D.; Christou, P.; et al. -
Commencement Speakers (PDF)
OBERLIN COLLEGE ARCHIVES Commencement Speakers *indicates speaker received an honorary degree Year Speaker 1893 Frank W. Gunsaulus 1894 Hamilton Mabie 1895 Woodrow Wilson 1896 Lyman Abbott 1897 Newell Dwight Hillis 1898 Edward Everett Hale 1899 Franklin H. Giddings 1900 Robert M. Wenley 1901 Albion W. Small 1902 S. Parkes Cadman 1903 St. Clair McKelvey 1904 Professor G. Santayana 1905 James B. Dill 1906 George Herbert Palmer 1907 William Allen White 1908 Samuel Walker McCall* 1909 Charles E. Jefferson 1910 Rollo Ogden 1911 Edwin Emery Slosson 1912 Charles R. Brown* 1913 George E. Vincent 1914 Charles Austin Beard 1915 Charles E. Jefferson 1916 Francis J. McConnell 1917 Hugh Black 1918 S. Parkes Cadman 1919 William C. Sharp* 1920 Oswald Garrison Villard OBERLIN COLLEGE ARCHIVES 1921 Hamilton Holt* 1922 Marion LeRoy Burton 1923 Paul Elmer More 1924 Ian Campbell Hannah 1925 Newton D. Baker 1926 Robert A. Millikan 1927 Roscoe Pound 1928 Harry Emerson Fosdick 1929 Rollo Walter Brown 1930 Edwin Montefiore Borchard 1931 Kemper Fullerton 1932 Lane Cooper 1933 Robert Andrews Millikan 1934 Robert Maynard Hutchins 1935 Lewis Mumford 1936 John Erskine 1937 Robert Frost 1938 Alan Valentine 1939 James Lukens McConaughy 1940 William Allan Neilson 1941 Hendrik Willem van Loon 1942 President Wilkins 1943, Feb. President Wilkins 1943, June President Wilkins 1944, June President Wilkins 1944, Oct. Lawrence E. Cole 1945, Feb. President Wilkins 1945, June. President Wilkins 1945, Oct. President Wilkins 1946, Feb. Thomas W. Graham 1946, June President Wilkins 1946, Oct. Prof. Thomas Kepler 1947, Feb. President William E. Stevenson OBERLIN COLLEGE ARCHIVES 1947, June Howard Foster Lowry* 1948, Feb. -
2011/2012 Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions # CATEGORY
2011/2012 Black History Trivia Bowl Study Questions # CATEGORY QUESTION ANSWER Along the Gulf Coast of Louisiana, what type of music is played 1 Arts with the accordion? Zydeco 2 Arts Who wrote "Their Eyes Were Watching God" ? Zora Neale Hurston Which one of composer/pianist Anthony Davis' operas premiered in Philadelphia in 1985 and was performed by the X: The Life and Times of 3 Arts New York City Opera in 1986? Malcolm X Since 1987, who has held the position of director of jazz at 4 Arts Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts in New York City? Wynton Marsalis Of what profession were Langston Hughes, Zora Neale Hurston, and Countee Cullen, major contributors to the Harlem 5 Arts Renaissance? Writers Who wrote Clotel , or The President’s Daughter , the first 6 Arts published novel by a Black American in 1833? William Wells Brown Who published The Escape , the first play written by a Black 7 Arts American? William Wells Brown 8 Arts What is the given name of blues great W.C. Handy? William Christopher Handy What aspiring fiction writer, journalist, and Hopkinsville native, served as editor of three African American weeklies: the Indianapolis Recorder , the Freeman , and the Indianapolis William Alexander 9 Arts Ledger ? Chambers 10 Arts Nat Love wrote what kind of stories? Westerns Cartoonist Morrie Turner created what world famous syndicated 11 Arts comic strip? Wee Pals Who was born in Florence, Alabama in 1873 and is called 12 Arts “Father of the Blues”? WC Handy Georgia Douglas Johnson was a poet during the Harlem Renaissance era. -
Who Was Percy Julian? on April 11
F ORGOTTE N G E N I U S A I R I N G O N PBS F E BRUARY 6, 2007 Percy Julian’s Life 1899 Born in Montgomery, Alabama Who Was Percy Julian? on April 11. 1920 Graduates first in his class from Dr. Percy Lavon Julian was a trailblazing chemist DePauw University with a bachelor’s whose discoveries improved and saved countless lives. degree in chemistry. The grandson of slaves, Julian grew up at a time when 1923 Earns master’s degree in chemistry African Americans faced extraordinary obstacles. Yet from Harvard University. 1928 Heads chemistry department at Julian refused to let racism prevent him from becoming Howard University. one of the most influential scientists of the 20th century, 1931 Awarded Ph.D. from the University as well as a leader in business and civil rights. of Vienna, where he begins his work with plant compounds. Julian was born in Montgomery, Alabama, on April 11, 1932 Returns to teach at DePauw University. 1899. He attended a segregated elementary school. And, 1935 Succeeds in producing synthetic physostigmine, which leads to a because Montgomery had no public high school for African Americans, he was glaucoma drug. Marries Anna Johnson, forced to attend a teacher training school. the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. in sociology in the U.S. In 1916, Julian entered DePauw University, a largely white liberal arts school in 1936 Begins working at the Glidden Company. Indiana. Despite the many struggles Julian faced, he not only earned a bachelor’s 1939 Succeeds in producing progesterone degree in chemistry, he graduated Phi Beta Kappa and first in his class. -
Andrew A. Robinson Elementary Every Student in Grades K-5 At
Black History Timeline Andrew A. Robinson Elementary Every student in grades K-5 at A.R.E. will complete a Black History Timeline at home based on the guidelines in this packet. Students will select a famous African- American in the category for their grade level, complete a timeline at home, and submit it to your ELA teacher on the assigned due date for a grade. The final project is due to your Language Arts teacher on Tuesday, February 25, 2021. Being that this is an at home project, your child will not be given time at school to research, plan, or complete this project. Please help your child in his/her efforts to have the project follow the requirements and handed in on time. PLEASE NOTE: This project will count as a test grade in Language Arts and Social Studies. One project per homeroom class will be selected to be featured on the A.R.E. Facebook page. Let’s hope it’s yours!! Black History Timeline Make an illustrated timeline (10 or more entries on the timeline) showing important events from the life of the person you are doing your Black History Project on. This project should be completed on a sheet of poster board. Underneath each illustration on the timeline, please create a detailed caption about what is in the illustration and the date in which the event occurred. *You must include: • A minimum of 10 entries on the timeline put in chronological order. • At least 5 entries should include an illustrated picture and detailed caption. • You must include at least one event on each of the following topics: the person’s date of birth, education, what made this figure important in African American history and their life’s accomplishment (s). -
Orthologs of the Archaeal Isopentenyl Phosphate Kinase Regulate Terpenoid Production in Plants
Orthologs of the archaeal isopentenyl phosphate kinase regulate terpenoid production in plants Laura K. Henrya, Michael Gutensohnb, Suzanne T. Thomasc, Joseph P. Noelc,d, and Natalia Dudarevaa,b,1 aDepartment of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; bDepartment of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907; cJack H. Skirball Center for Chemical Biology and Proteomics, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037; and dHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037 Edited by Rodney B. Croteau, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, and approved July 2, 2015 (received for review March 9, 2015) Terpenoids, compounds found in all domains of life, represent the distributed among the three domains of life: eukaryotes, archaea, largest class of natural products with essential roles in their hosts. and bacteria. Although the MEP pathway is found in most bacteria, All terpenoids originate from the five-carbon building blocks, the MVA pathway resides in the cytosol and peroxisomes of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and its isomer dimethylallyl diphos- eukaryotic cells. Plants contain both the MEP and MVA pathways, phate (DMAPP), which can be derived from the mevalonic acid which act independently in plastids and cytosol/peroxisomes, re- (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. The ab- spectively (Fig. 1). Nevertheless, metabolic cross-talk between these sence of two components of the MVA pathway from archaeal two pathways occurs via the exchange of IPP—andtoalesserextent genomes led to the discovery of an alternative MVA pathway with of DMAPP—in both directions (1, 2). IPP and DMAPP are sub- isopentenyl phosphate kinase (IPK) catalyzing the final step, the sequently used in multiple compartments by short-chain prenyl- formation of IPP. -
Percy Lavon Julian
University of North Florida UNF Digital Commons UNF Digital Commons Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Stamp Collection Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers 1-29-1993 Black Heritage Stamp Series: Percy Lavon Julian United States Postal Service. Stamp Division Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/hurst_stamps Part of the African American Studies Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Black Heritage Stamp Series: Percy Lavon Julian. 1993. Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers. University of North Florida. Thomas G. Carpenter Library. Special Collections and Archives. UNF Digital Commons. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/hurst_stamps/18 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Papers at UNF Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rodney Lawrence Hurst, Sr. Stamp Collection by an authorized administrator of UNF Digital Commons. For more information, please contact Digital Projects. © 1-29-1993 All Rights Reserved Footer logo r----~·, i l : l • Copyright U.S. Postal Service 1992 Issue Date: January 29, 1993 Colors: Yellow, magenta, cyan, black, brown (PMS 175), yellow (PMS 143), and black intaglio First Day City: Chicago, Illinois Overall Size: 0.99 x 0.56 inches or Designer: Higgins Bond 25.15 x 39.62 millimeters Typographer: John Boyd Format: Sheet of 50 Project Manager: Jack Williams, Stamp Design, USPS Plate Numbers: Six process and one intaglio Manufacturing Process: Offset/Intaglio Marginal Markings: ©U.S. Postal Service 1992, Use Correct ZIP Code® Percy Lavon Julian Commemorative Stamp Percy Lavon Julian (1899-1975) was a distinguished scientist and chemical researcher. -
The Story of Percy Lavon Julian Against All Odds
SPECIAL ARTICLE The Story of Percy Lavon Julian Against All Odds James G. Ravin, MD, MS; Eve J. Higginbotham, MD The only thing that has enabled me to keep doing the creative work was the constant determination: Take heart! Go farther on. Percy Lavon Julian1 he persistent drive to attain a goal, no matter how difficult, has been essential for many discoveries. This straightforward concept is exemplified in the career of the black chem- ist Percy Lavon Julian, PhD (1899-1975) (Figure), whose discoveries had a significant effect on the treatment of persons with glaucoma and inflammatory diseases. Among other Tachievements, he was the first person to synthesize physostigmine (eserine), which was the first medi- cation that was effective in treating glaucoma, and he constructed a method to mass-produce cortisone. Physostigmine, which is a cholinesterase inhibitor, was first described in the oph- thalmology literature by Laqueur in 1876.2 Shortly afterward, pilocarpine was shown to be useful in treating persons with glau- coma.3 These 2 medications, which are bo- tanical in origin, were sometimes com- bined into a single eye drop formulation. Pilocarpine is derived from a South Ameri- can shrub and is readily available, but the natural source of physostigmine, the Cala- bar bean from tropical West Africa, is scarce. Julian’s chemical synthesis permit- ted production of the medication in a large quantity at a reduced cost. Physostig- mine and pilocarpine were the mainstays of the medical treatment of glaucoma for more than half a century. (Adrenergic ago- nists were introduced commercially dur- ing the middle of the 1900s.