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The Rhine: Germany's River, Not Germany's Boundary
Source: E.M. Arndt, Deutschlands Fluss, aber nicht Deutschlands Gränze, English trl. UvA Talen / SPIN. the French was as bad as it was foolish. One would have The Rhine: Germany’s river, not Germany’s thought that ten years, indeed twenty years, of blindness and misfortune might have sent a little light into their dark minds boundary and brought the errants back into line, especially since the French had long ago overturned their own proof, but far from it. There are still many who behave, indeed who exhaust Ernst Moritz Arndt themselves in deductions and proofs, as if the Rhine as the border between France and Germany is something indispu- table and settled. So effective is constant repetition, and so little are most Germans – who pride themselves on their ‘The Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ is what Sully proved profundity in thought and speech – accustomed to thinking. 1600 and 1610; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ The empty echoing of foreign opinions, especially the proclaimed Richelieu in 1625 and 1635; ‘the Rhine is France’s echoing of French hocus-pocus and sophistries, has sadly natural boundary,’ declared Count d’Avaux in the 1640s at become too much of a fashion on this side of the Rhine, in Münster, in the holy places where Hermann the Cheruscan had the country where thoroughness and depth of thought is once made a dufferent typeof declaration to the Romans; ‘the supposed to reside. Given this state of affairs, especially this Rhine is France’s natural boundary,’ resounded from 1670 to sad state of German minds and hearts, I consider it not super- 1700 in Louvois’ and Colbert’s speeches in Louis XIV’s council fluous to present our ancient, magnificent and holy River of state, and the court poets Boileau and Racine sang it in the Rhine, what it was, is and will be, to the good German antechamber; ‘the Rhine is France’s natural boundary’ cried the people, who are confused by too many political prattlers and monsters on the Seine from 1790 to 1800. -
Histoire Des Collections Numismatiques Et Des Institutions Vouées À La Numismatique
25 Histoire des collections numismatiques et des institutions vouÉes À la numismatique Igor Van den Vonder and Guido Creemers tHe COINs AND MEDALs COLLECTION oF tHe GALLO-ROMAN MUSEUM IN TONGEREN (BELGIUM) the coin and medal collection of the Gallo-roman museum in tongeren is the former coin and medal cabinet (Munt- en Penningkabinet) of the Province of limburg. it is an important collection, comprising over 30,000 coins and exonumia. the collection reflects the coins produced and in circulation in the region from antiquity to the 19th century and is unique because many were excavated locally. When the coin and medal cabinet was established in 1985, the province’s own collection consisted of the collections belonging to the royal limburg Historical and antiquarian society (Koninklijk Limburgs Geschied- en Oud- heidkundig Genootschap) and the barons Philippe de schaetzen and armand de schaetzen de schaetzenhoff. these form the core of the collection, to- gether with the collection of the former small seminary of sint-truiden, on loan from the diocese of Hasselt. With the acquisition of several private collections, the coin and medal cabinet achieved its target of 10,000 items. an active collecting policy was implemented and the collection soon doubled in size, largely thanks to gifts. Furthermore, Belgium’s royal court made over Prince charles’ personal collection to the coin and medal cabinet as a long-term loan. systematic efforts were also made to acquire the coin hoards found in the region. at the end of the last century the Province of limburg decided to fully integrate the coin and medal cabinet into the archaeological collection of the Gallo-roman museum. -
The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126
Paper Information: Title: Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2008_113_126 Publication Date: 17 April 2009 Volume Information: Driessen, M., Heeren, S., Hendriks, J., Kemmers, F., and Visser, R. (eds.) (2009) TRAC 2008: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Amsterdam 2008. Oxford: Oxbow Books Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in April 2013. Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Laura Crowley Introduction The subject of this article is the tumuli of the civitas Tungrorum. They are currently a subtopic within a study of privileged burials in the villa landscapes that lie on the loess plains more or less between Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) and Bagacum Nerviorum (Bavai). Previously, the region had been witness to Caesar’s displacement and/or genocide of the Eburones and Atuatuci around the year 51 BC (Caesar: VIII 25). These ethnic groups were replaced with a group known as the Tungri, the exact composition of which is unknown, but which most likely comprised survivors from the former tribes as well as Germanic immigrants (Mariën 1980: 45ff; Wightman 1985: 36, 40, 53; Nouwen 1997: 9, 31ff; Carroll 2001: 28–29). -
Mapping the Civitas Tungrorum
181 Mapping the civitas Tungrorum Vince Van Thienen, Guido Creemers & Wim De Clercq Introduction The project, ‘Mapping the civitas Tungrorum’ is an initiative of the Gallo‑Roman museum of Tongeren, in collaboration with the Ghent University. In preparation of a future museological presentation and in order to prepare an up‑to‑date content it is important to dispose of a basic inventory of sites within the civitas Tungrorum. Our purpose is to complete this site‑inventory in the future, and this in collaboration with partners who have experience Fig. 1. Outline of the civitas Tungrorum. in this matter. In this article, we want to give an overview of the work that has been achieved in this first stage. A sites within the predefined geographical and derivative of this geodatabase has been developed for chronological borders, but it is a first overview of a broad public and will be accessible online through information available through synthesis literature, the websites of the Gallo‑Roman museum and the public databases and previous research projects2. The City of Tongeren (Geoloket ‘Gis3700’). structure of the geodatabase and the site‑inventory The overall aim of the project ‘Mapping the have been developed as a flexible system to which civitas Tungrorum’ is thus to map and analyze the information can easily be added in order to complete human occupation and land use in the territory current regional or periodical oversights. of the Roman administrative district of the civitas Tungrorum (fig. 1) between the end of the Late Iron Age (LTD, ca. 100 BC) and the end of Early Middle Chronological framework and geographical Ages (ca. -
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples. -
View Journal
N° 38 November 2014 EuropeanEuropean GeologistGeologist Journal of the European Federation of Geologists Geoarchaeology - Reconstructing our early history th Earth Science and GIS Software 3ANNIVERSARY0 ® $ ROCKWORKS • Starting at 700 RockWorks provides visualization and modeling of spatial and subsurface data. Save time and money, increase profitability, and provide a competitive edge through high-quality graphics, models, and plots. Mapping Tools • Multiple components in pie chart, spider maps and point maps • Topographic contour maps with lines and color fills • 3D surface displays and point maps • Strike and dip maps in 2D and 3D • Coordinate systems: longitude/latitude, UTM and local • Multiple geographic datums for geo referenced output FREE • EarthApps–maps and images for display in Google Earth Borehole Database Tools • Cross sections and borehole logs in 2D and 3D with lithology, stratigraphy, curves, water levels, bar graphs and color intervals • 3D fence diagrams • Surface modeling of stratigraphic layers and water levels • Solid modeling of lithologic materials, fractures, and geophysical, geotechnical, geochemical data • Geology maps: plan slices from stratigraphy or lithology models • Volume reports of lithologic, stratigraphic and excavation models • Fracture display and modeling, stereonet maps and rose diagram maps Other Tools • Sieve diagrams, ternary diagrams, stereonet and rose diagrams • Slope/aspect analysis on grid models • Predictive tools: lithology materials from curves, interval data (porosities, strength, cohesion) -
Changing Views on Roman Funerary Rites
Changing Views on Roman Funerary Rites A study of the transition to the inhumation burial ritual in the region of Tongres, Cologne, and Trier in the imperial period The image on the cover depicts the variability in funerary rites at a part of the Roman southwest cemetery of Tongres (after Vanvinckenroye 1984). Changing Views on Roman Funerary Rites A study of the transition to the inhumation burial ritual in the region of Tongres, Cologne, and Trier in the imperial period Author: Tom de Rijk (s1283049) Research Master Thesis (ARCH 1046WTY) Supervisor: Prof. dr. Theuws Specialization: The Transformation of The Roman World University of Leiden, Faculty of Archaeology Leiden (15-06-2018), final version 1 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 6 2. Historiography and Theory 14 2.1 Historicizing theory 14 2.2 Burial rituals 24 2.3 Theory on personhood 29 3. Methodology 32 3.1 The research approach 32 3.1.1 Local origins 34 3.1.2 Eastern origins 34 3.1.3 Complex origins 35 3.2 The overview maps 36 3.2.1 The overview maps 37 4. Results 42 4.1 Tongres 42 4.1.1 The south cemeteries of Tongres 42 4.1.2 The north cemeteries of Tongres 46 4.1.3 The tumuli from Tongres and its vicinity 47 4.1.4 Synthesis and discussion of Tongres’ developments in funerary rites 48 4.2 Cologne 51 4.2.1 The funerary archaeology from near Cologne 52 4.2.2 Monumental graves from Cologne’s region 53 4.2.3 The north cemeteries of Cologne 53 4.2.4 The south cemeteries of Cologne 55 4.2.5 Synthesis and discussion of Cologne’s developments in funerary rites 62 4.3 The other sites than Cologne and Tongres from the research area 68 4.3.1 Trier 68 3 4.3.2 Andernach 72 4.3.3 Other sites from the research area 74 5. -
DER NAME DER FRIESEN (I) 1) Nach Der Herrschenden, Von Jacob
US WURK XIII (1964), p. 18 [0289] DER NAME DER FRIESEN (I) 1) Nach der herrschenden, von Jacob Grimm 2) begründeten Ansicht hängt der Name der Friesen mit franz. friser "kräuseln" zusammen, das im 17. Jahrhundert über nl. friseeren als friseren, frisiren ins Hochdeutsche übernommen worden ist, dessen vermutetes Stammwort *frise "kraus" aber zumeist als germanisches Lehnwort gilt und dann mit afries. fr īsle, fr ēsle verbunden wird, dem man die Bedeutung "Haarlocke" zuerkennt. Einen Beleg für ein germ. *fri si a-z "kraus, lockig" 3 fortsetzendes ae. *fri se sucht man nach dem Vorgang Ludwig Ettmüllers ) noch in einem der altenglischen Denksprüche. Trotz der scheinbar so verläßlichen Stützen ist diese Deutung, nach der die Friesen ihren Namen wegen ihres lockigen Haars bekommen hätten, nicht haltbar. Der Erklärung Jacob Grimms, die dieser übrigens schon lange vorher 4) aufgegeben hatte, weil es keinen Anhalt für eine besondere Haartracht der Friesen gibt, wurde der Boden entzogen, als J. Gilliéron 5) erkannte, daß das -s- in franz. friser sekundär ist und lat. fri gere "rösten" zugrunde liegt. In seinem "Französischen Etymologischen Wörterbuch" 6) macht Walther von Wartburg gegen eine Verbindung mit ae. fri se geltend, daß die herangezogenen romanischen Wörter erst im 16. oder frühestens im 15. Jahrhundert auftreten. Zu Gilliérons Erklärung, die dieser 7) mit guten Gründen gegen Einwände von Albert Dauzat 8) verteidigt hat, bemerkt er: „Zwar semantisch überzeugt die Auffassung Gilliérons nicht ganz. Die Locken werden mit der Brennschere hergestellt, sie werden gebrannt, und Gilliéron meint, daß hierin eine genaue Parallele zu frire > friser vorliege. Das ist nicht ganz richtig, da brennen und backen doch sehr verschieden sind. -
Revue Belge De Numismatique Et De Sigillographie
3 REVUE BELGE DE NUMISMATIQUE, PUBLIÉE LES AUSPICES DE LiSOGllTÊ RQÏALE DE NOMISMATIQDE. 1885. QUARANTE-UNIÈME ANNÉE. BRUXELLES, LIBRAIRIE POLYTECHNIQUE DE JULES DEGQ, 9, RUE DE LA MADELEINE. - 458- UNE LECTURE SUR LA NUMISMATIQUE e) A TONGRES (ADUATUCA TUNGRORUM (2).) PL. XVbis ET XVI. ~IESSIEURS ET CHERS CONFRÈRES, Nous nous trouvons ici réunis sinon sur remplace ment même, du moins bien près du sol antique où s'élevait (1) Une très grande partie de cette notice a été lue à Tongres dans la séance extraordinaire, qui ya été tenue par la Société royale de numis matique le ~ 0 mai ~ 885. Que nos bienveillants confrères veuillent nous excuser d'avoir, à raison des circonstances, donné à notre travail un développement un peu insolite. ,(2) Quelle est l'origine des mots Aduatuca ou Atuatuca, Aduatucum, Aduatuci ou Atualici, Aduaca, Aduat? Voici diverses étymologies qui ont été présentées: Achterwacht ou Atuat, dépôt, arrière-garde, ou plutôt corps d'armée laissé en arrière pour la garde des bagages. (Bulletin de la Société scientifique et littéraire du Limbourg, ~ 863, t. VI, p. 56 et notes.)-Antwattich ou Andwak, prétendues corruptions de l'Aen'twak,' c'est-à-dire ad-vadosum ou ad-uliginosum Jecorœ {luminis lractum 1 près de l'humide, indication du cours fangeux et peu profond du .Jaer, rivière qui coule à Tongres. (Voy. GODEFRIDI HENSCHENII Exegesis de episcopatu Tungrensi, etc, apud GHESQUIERUlf, t. l, p. 222; Bulletin cité, p. 57.) - Water, aqua, eau. fi Suspicabar quia Mosœ et Jecorœ ripas, paludosaque circum hune fluvium loca occupassent Atualicos quasi Adaquenses appellatos. » (FOULLON, Historia populi Leodiensis, I, 5.) - (t Le sens de ce nom Aduatiks, écrit Moke, est incertain; - 459- autrefois, quoi qu'on ait pü écrire, le camp retranché d'Atuatuca, ce centre des opé.'ations du grand conqué- Aetwathas (de Aet et Wath) signifierait en vieux saxon -des émigrés errants (effugœ); mais on ne trouve ce mot dans aucun texte connu. -
Were Used by the Romans and in What Contexts Frisii and Frisiavones Used Their Own Ethnic Names
FRISII AND FRISIAVONES M.C. GALESTIN University of Groningen, Groningen Institute of Archaeology, Groningen, the Netherlands ABSTRACT: A study was made of the literary and epigraphical evidence referring to Frisii or Frisiavones, with the aim of assessing their relations with the Romans. The similarity of their names makes it difficult to distinguish between the two tribes. It emerges that the Frisii and Frisiavones probably were not related and lived in different territories. Both groups had contacts with the Romans, who made their names part of recorded history. Both Frisii and Frisiavones served in the Roman army and received Roman citizenship afterwards. The Frisiavones made their appearance around the middle of the first century and towards the end of the first century they formed an ethnic unit which served in Britain during the 2nd and 3rd centuries. Frisii were active in the Roman army from their first encounter in 12 BC, but their name did not become linked to an ethnic unit until the 3rd century, when several Frisian units were deployed in forts along Hadrian’s Wall. The Frisiavones had become incorporated into the Roman Empire, while the Frisii remained outside. The Frisii adopted some Roman habits but largely retained their own cultural identity. Members of both groups were present in Rome, as equites singulares, where their ethnic names are found combined with Roman names in their epitaphs. Their relations with the Roman Empire also provided new identities for Frisii and Frisiavones. KEYWORDS: Frisii, Frisiavones, Roman army, Roman Empire, ethnic identity. 1. InTRODUCTION were used by the Romans and in what contexts Frisii and Frisiavones used their own ethnic names. -
PLAYBOOK by Andrew Ruhnke and Volko Ruhnke
COIN Series, Volume VI PLAYBOOK by Andrew Ruhnke and Volko Ruhnke TABLE OF CONTENTS Falling Sky Tutorial . 2 Credits . .. 45 Roles and Strategy . 18 Card List . 46 Non-Player Examples . 20 Countersheet Scan . 47 Design Notes . 26 Tribes and Forces . 48 Event Text and Notes . 32 © 2015 GMT Games, LLC • P .O . Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www .GMTGames .com 2 Falling Sky — PLAYBOOK the Forces display; the Germans do not track Victory; 7 .0 .) Go ahead Falling Sky Tutorial and put four cylinders and those three markers on the Edge Track numbers as noted in that setup section . (If you have not punched First-time players should start here! out the counters, punch what you need as we go .) Welcome to the tutorial for Falling Sky . It will walk you through setup and some game play step by step, getting you going with the Next is the Senate and Legions Track, some red boxes at lower right core mechanics and demonstrating a few of the options available to of the board . We will account here for the attitude of the Senate in each faction . Our purpose here is merely to teach concepts, not to Rome toward Caesar, meaning toward the Roman venture in Gaul suggest optimal strategy—we will leave that to you! (6 .5) . As noted in the Setup, place the Senate marker at “Intrigue” (“Firm” side down) . If you would like to look up specific Rules of Play as we go, we provide the relevant reference numbers in parentheses . Now find the 12 Legions—red cubes—among the Roman forces pieces and move them to the Legions track . -
Formalismo, Libertad Estilística O Expresividad1
NOTAS CRÍTICAS A CAES., Gall.5,39,2: FORMALISMO, LIBERTAD 1 ESTILÍSTICA O EXPRESIVIDAD CRITICAL NOTES TO CAES., Gall. 5,39,2: FORMALISM, STYLISTIC FREEDOM OR EXPRESSIVITY José PARDO NAVARRO [email protected] Recibido: 14 de abril de 2008 Aceptado: 17 de junio de 2008 RESUMEN: La lectura huc de CAES., Gall. 5,39,2, presente en numerosos manuscritos y ediciones, se ha venido atribuyendo erróneamente a los recentiores y, por tanto, no ha sido suficientemente valorada. En el presente trabajo se aclara su antiquísima procedencia de la corrección del ms. Vaticanus Latinus 3864 (M) y se aportan argumentos que pudieron motivar su elección y que la restituyen como la alternativa más idónea frente a la cuestionable lectura huic presente en los testimonios más antiguos. ABSTRACT: A large amount of manuscripts and editions show the reading huc of CAES., Gall. 5,39,2 which had been attributed wrongly to the recentiores, and therefore underestimated. In this work it is explained as an early correction of ms. Vaticanus Latinus 3864 (M) and reasons are brought forward which could have caused its selection and which turn it into the more suitable choice instead of the doubtful reading huic which appears on the oldest witness. PALABRAS CLAVE: Julio César. Bellum Gallicum. Crítica textual. KEYWORDS: Iulius Caesar. Bellum Gallicum. Textual criticism. CAES., Gall. 5,392: (1) Itaque confestim dimissis nuntiis ad Ceutrones, Grudios, Levacos, Pleumoxios, Geidumnos, qui omnes sub eorum imperio sunt, quam maximas manus possunt cogunt et de 1 Este artículo se ha realizado dentro del Proyecto de Investigación «Estudio filológico de la tradición textual y literaria de la obra de Julio César en España» (HUM2005-00442), financiado por el Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia.