DER NAME DER FRIESEN (I) 1) Nach Der Herrschenden, Von Jacob
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1 Gallo-Roman Relations Under the Early Empire by Ryan Walsh A
Gallo-Roman Relations under the Early Empire By Ryan Walsh A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2013 © Ryan Walsh 2013 1 Author's Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract This paper examines the changing attitudes of Gallo-Romans from the time of Caesar's conquest in the 50s BCE to the start of Vespasian's reign in 70-71 CE and how Roman prejudice shaped those attitudes. I first examine the conflicted opinions of the Gauls in Caesar's time and how they eventually banded together against him but were defeated. Next, the activities of each Julio-Claudian emperor are examined to see how they impacted Gaul and what the Gallo-Roman response was. Throughout this period there is clear evidence of increased Romanisation amongst the Gauls and the prominence of the region is obvious in imperial policy. This changes with Nero's reign where Vindex's rebellion against the emperor highlights the prejudices still effecting Roman attitudes. This only becomes worse in the rebellion of Civilis the next year. After these revolts, the Gallo-Romans appear to retreat from imperial offices and stick to local affairs, likely as a direct response to Rome's rejection of them. -
Histoire Des Collections Numismatiques Et Des Institutions Vouées À La Numismatique
25 Histoire des collections numismatiques et des institutions vouÉes À la numismatique Igor Van den Vonder and Guido Creemers tHe COINs AND MEDALs COLLECTION oF tHe GALLO-ROMAN MUSEUM IN TONGEREN (BELGIUM) the coin and medal collection of the Gallo-roman museum in tongeren is the former coin and medal cabinet (Munt- en Penningkabinet) of the Province of limburg. it is an important collection, comprising over 30,000 coins and exonumia. the collection reflects the coins produced and in circulation in the region from antiquity to the 19th century and is unique because many were excavated locally. When the coin and medal cabinet was established in 1985, the province’s own collection consisted of the collections belonging to the royal limburg Historical and antiquarian society (Koninklijk Limburgs Geschied- en Oud- heidkundig Genootschap) and the barons Philippe de schaetzen and armand de schaetzen de schaetzenhoff. these form the core of the collection, to- gether with the collection of the former small seminary of sint-truiden, on loan from the diocese of Hasselt. With the acquisition of several private collections, the coin and medal cabinet achieved its target of 10,000 items. an active collecting policy was implemented and the collection soon doubled in size, largely thanks to gifts. Furthermore, Belgium’s royal court made over Prince charles’ personal collection to the coin and medal cabinet as a long-term loan. systematic efforts were also made to acquire the coin hoards found in the region. at the end of the last century the Province of limburg decided to fully integrate the coin and medal cabinet into the archaeological collection of the Gallo-roman museum. -
Lucan's Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulf
Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Catherine Connors, Chair Alain Gowing Stephen Hinds Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics © Copyright 2014 Laura Zientek University of Washington Abstract Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Catherine Connors Department of Classics This dissertation is an analysis of the role of landscape and the natural world in Lucan’s Bellum Civile. I investigate digressions and excurses on mountains, rivers, and certain myths associated aetiologically with the land, and demonstrate how Stoic physics and cosmology – in particular the concepts of cosmic (dis)order, collapse, and conflagration – play a role in the way Lucan writes about the landscape in the context of a civil war poem. Building on previous analyses of the Bellum Civile that provide background on its literary context (Ahl, 1976), on Lucan’s poetic technique (Masters, 1992), and on landscape in Roman literature (Spencer, 2010), I approach Lucan’s depiction of the natural world by focusing on the mutual effect of humanity and landscape on each other. Thus, hardships posed by the land against characters like Caesar and Cato, gloomy and threatening atmospheres, and dangerous or unusual weather phenomena all have places in my study. I also explore how Lucan’s landscapes engage with the tropes of the locus amoenus or horridus (Schiesaro, 2006) and elements of the sublime (Day, 2013). -
Writing and Conquest in Caesar's Gaul Author(S): Josiah Osgood Source: Classical Antiquity , Vol
The Pen and the Sword: Writing and Conquest in Caesar's Gaul Author(s): Josiah Osgood Source: Classical Antiquity , Vol. 28, No. 2 (October 2009), pp. 328-358 Published by: University of California Press Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/ca.2009.28.2.328 JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at https://about.jstor.org/terms University of California Press is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Classical Antiquity This content downloaded from 128.95.104.109 on Thu, 14 Jan 2021 18:26:48 UTC All use subject to https://about.jstor.org/terms JOSIAH OSGOOD The Pen and the Sword: Writing and Conquest in Caesar’s Gaul Julius Caesar was remembered in later times for the unprecedented scale of his military activity. He was also remembered for writing copiously while on campaign. Focusing on the period of Rome’s war with Gaul (58–50 bce), this paper argues that the two activities were interrelated: writing helped to facilitate the Roman conquest of the Gallic peoples. It allowed Caesar to send messages within his own theater of operations, sometimes with distinctive advantages; it helped him stay in touch with Rome, from where he obtained ever more resources; and it helped him, in his Gallic War above all, to turn the story of his scattered campaigns into a coherent narrative of the subjection of a vast territory henceforward to be called “Gaul.” The place of epistolography in late Republican politics receives new analysis in the paper, with detailed discussion of the evidence of Cicero. -
The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126
Paper Information: Title: Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Author: Laura Crowley Pages: 113–126 DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/TRAC2008_113_126 Publication Date: 17 April 2009 Volume Information: Driessen, M., Heeren, S., Hendriks, J., Kemmers, F., and Visser, R. (eds.) (2009) TRAC 2008: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, Amsterdam 2008. Oxford: Oxbow Books Copyright and Hardcopy Editions: The following paper was originally published in print format by Oxbow Books for TRAC. Hard copy editions of this volume may still be available, and can be purchased direct from Oxbow at http://www.oxbowbooks.com. TRAC has now made this paper available as Open Access through an agreement with the publisher. Copyright remains with TRAC and the individual author(s), and all use or quotation of this paper and/or its contents must be acknowledged. This paper was released in digital Open Access format in April 2013. Creating a Community: The Symbolic Role of Tumuli in the Villa Landscape of the Civitas Tungrorum Laura Crowley Introduction The subject of this article is the tumuli of the civitas Tungrorum. They are currently a subtopic within a study of privileged burials in the villa landscapes that lie on the loess plains more or less between Colonia Claudia Ara Agrippinensium (Cologne) and Bagacum Nerviorum (Bavai). Previously, the region had been witness to Caesar’s displacement and/or genocide of the Eburones and Atuatuci around the year 51 BC (Caesar: VIII 25). These ethnic groups were replaced with a group known as the Tungri, the exact composition of which is unknown, but which most likely comprised survivors from the former tribes as well as Germanic immigrants (Mariën 1980: 45ff; Wightman 1985: 36, 40, 53; Nouwen 1997: 9, 31ff; Carroll 2001: 28–29). -
The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476)
Impact of Empire 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd i 5-4-2007 8:35:52 Impact of Empire Editorial Board of the series Impact of Empire (= Management Team of the Network Impact of Empire) Lukas de Blois, Angelos Chaniotis Ségolène Demougin, Olivier Hekster, Gerda de Kleijn Luuk de Ligt, Elio Lo Cascio, Michael Peachin John Rich, and Christian Witschel Executive Secretariat of the Series and the Network Lukas de Blois, Olivier Hekster Gerda de Kleijn and John Rich Radboud University of Nijmegen, Erasmusplein 1, P.O. Box 9103, 6500 HD Nijmegen, The Netherlands E-mail addresses: [email protected] and [email protected] Academic Board of the International Network Impact of Empire geza alföldy – stéphane benoist – anthony birley christer bruun – john drinkwater – werner eck – peter funke andrea giardina – johannes hahn – fik meijer – onno van nijf marie-thérèse raepsaet-charlier – john richardson bert van der spek – richard talbert – willem zwalve VOLUME 6 IMEM-6-deBlois_CS2.indd ii 5-4-2007 8:35:52 The Impact of the Roman Army (200 BC – AD 476) Economic, Social, Political, Religious and Cultural Aspects Proceedings of the Sixth Workshop of the International Network Impact of Empire (Roman Empire, 200 B.C. – A.D. 476) Capri, March 29 – April 2, 2005 Edited by Lukas de Blois & Elio Lo Cascio With the Aid of Olivier Hekster & Gerda de Kleijn LEIDEN • BOSTON 2007 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. -
Mapping the Civitas Tungrorum
181 Mapping the civitas Tungrorum Vince Van Thienen, Guido Creemers & Wim De Clercq Introduction The project, ‘Mapping the civitas Tungrorum’ is an initiative of the Gallo‑Roman museum of Tongeren, in collaboration with the Ghent University. In preparation of a future museological presentation and in order to prepare an up‑to‑date content it is important to dispose of a basic inventory of sites within the civitas Tungrorum. Our purpose is to complete this site‑inventory in the future, and this in collaboration with partners who have experience Fig. 1. Outline of the civitas Tungrorum. in this matter. In this article, we want to give an overview of the work that has been achieved in this first stage. A sites within the predefined geographical and derivative of this geodatabase has been developed for chronological borders, but it is a first overview of a broad public and will be accessible online through information available through synthesis literature, the websites of the Gallo‑Roman museum and the public databases and previous research projects2. The City of Tongeren (Geoloket ‘Gis3700’). structure of the geodatabase and the site‑inventory The overall aim of the project ‘Mapping the have been developed as a flexible system to which civitas Tungrorum’ is thus to map and analyze the information can easily be added in order to complete human occupation and land use in the territory current regional or periodical oversights. of the Roman administrative district of the civitas Tungrorum (fig. 1) between the end of the Late Iron Age (LTD, ca. 100 BC) and the end of Early Middle Chronological framework and geographical Ages (ca. -
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A)
The Cimbri of Denmark, the Norse and Danish Vikings, and Y-DNA Haplogroup R-S28/U152 - (Hypothesis A) David K. Faux The goal of the present work is to assemble widely scattered facts to accurately record the story of one of Europe’s most enigmatic people of the early historic era – the Cimbri. To meet this goal, the present study will trace the antecedents and descendants of the Cimbri, who reside or resided in the northern part of the Jutland Peninsula, in what is today known as the County of Himmerland, Denmark. It is likely that the name Cimbri came to represent the peoples of the Cimbric Peninsula and nearby islands, now called Jutland, Fyn and so on. Very early (3rd Century BC) Greek sources also make note of the Teutones, a tribe closely associated with the Cimbri, however their specific place of residence is not precisely located. It is not until the 1st Century AD that Roman commentators describe other tribes residing within this geographical area. At some point before 500 AD, there is no further mention of the Cimbri or Teutones in any source, and the Cimbric Cheronese (Peninsula) is then called Jutland. As we shall see, problems in accomplishing this task are somewhat daunting. For example, there are inconsistencies in datasources, and highly conflicting viewpoints expressed by those interpreting the data. These difficulties can be addressed by a careful sifting of diverse material that has come to light largely due to the storehouse of primary source information accessed by the power of the Internet. Historical, archaeological and genetic data will be integrated to lift the veil that has to date obscured the story of the Cimbri, or Cimbrian, peoples. -
View Journal
N° 38 November 2014 EuropeanEuropean GeologistGeologist Journal of the European Federation of Geologists Geoarchaeology - Reconstructing our early history th Earth Science and GIS Software 3ANNIVERSARY0 ® $ ROCKWORKS • Starting at 700 RockWorks provides visualization and modeling of spatial and subsurface data. Save time and money, increase profitability, and provide a competitive edge through high-quality graphics, models, and plots. Mapping Tools • Multiple components in pie chart, spider maps and point maps • Topographic contour maps with lines and color fills • 3D surface displays and point maps • Strike and dip maps in 2D and 3D • Coordinate systems: longitude/latitude, UTM and local • Multiple geographic datums for geo referenced output FREE • EarthApps–maps and images for display in Google Earth Borehole Database Tools • Cross sections and borehole logs in 2D and 3D with lithology, stratigraphy, curves, water levels, bar graphs and color intervals • 3D fence diagrams • Surface modeling of stratigraphic layers and water levels • Solid modeling of lithologic materials, fractures, and geophysical, geotechnical, geochemical data • Geology maps: plan slices from stratigraphy or lithology models • Volume reports of lithologic, stratigraphic and excavation models • Fracture display and modeling, stereonet maps and rose diagram maps Other Tools • Sieve diagrams, ternary diagrams, stereonet and rose diagrams • Slope/aspect analysis on grid models • Predictive tools: lithology materials from curves, interval data (porosities, strength, cohesion) -
Changing Views on Roman Funerary Rites
Changing Views on Roman Funerary Rites A study of the transition to the inhumation burial ritual in the region of Tongres, Cologne, and Trier in the imperial period The image on the cover depicts the variability in funerary rites at a part of the Roman southwest cemetery of Tongres (after Vanvinckenroye 1984). Changing Views on Roman Funerary Rites A study of the transition to the inhumation burial ritual in the region of Tongres, Cologne, and Trier in the imperial period Author: Tom de Rijk (s1283049) Research Master Thesis (ARCH 1046WTY) Supervisor: Prof. dr. Theuws Specialization: The Transformation of The Roman World University of Leiden, Faculty of Archaeology Leiden (15-06-2018), final version 1 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 6 2. Historiography and Theory 14 2.1 Historicizing theory 14 2.2 Burial rituals 24 2.3 Theory on personhood 29 3. Methodology 32 3.1 The research approach 32 3.1.1 Local origins 34 3.1.2 Eastern origins 34 3.1.3 Complex origins 35 3.2 The overview maps 36 3.2.1 The overview maps 37 4. Results 42 4.1 Tongres 42 4.1.1 The south cemeteries of Tongres 42 4.1.2 The north cemeteries of Tongres 46 4.1.3 The tumuli from Tongres and its vicinity 47 4.1.4 Synthesis and discussion of Tongres’ developments in funerary rites 48 4.2 Cologne 51 4.2.1 The funerary archaeology from near Cologne 52 4.2.2 Monumental graves from Cologne’s region 53 4.2.3 The north cemeteries of Cologne 53 4.2.4 The south cemeteries of Cologne 55 4.2.5 Synthesis and discussion of Cologne’s developments in funerary rites 62 4.3 The other sites than Cologne and Tongres from the research area 68 4.3.1 Trier 68 3 4.3.2 Andernach 72 4.3.3 Other sites from the research area 74 5. -
Julius Caesar
Working Paper CEsA CSG 168/2018 ANCIENT ROMAN POLITICS – JULIUS CAESAR Maria SOUSA GALITO Abstract Julius Caesar (JC) survived two civil wars: first, leaded by Cornelius Sulla and Gaius Marius; and second by himself and Pompeius Magnus. Until he was stabbed to death, at a senate session, in the Ides of March of 44 BC. JC has always been loved or hated, since he was alive and throughout History. He was a war hero, as many others. He was a patrician, among many. He was a roman Dictator, but not the only one. So what did he do exactly to get all this attention? Why did he stand out so much from the crowd? What did he represent? JC was a front-runner of his time, not a modern leader of the XXI century; and there are things not accepted today that were considered courageous or even extraordinary achievements back then. This text tries to explain why it’s important to focus on the man; on his life achievements before becoming the most powerful man in Rome; and why he stood out from every other man. Keywords Caesar, Politics, Military, Religion, Assassination. Sumário Júlio César (JC) sobreviveu a duas guerras civis: primeiro, lideradas por Cornélio Sula e Caio Mário; e depois por ele e Pompeius Magnus. Até ser esfaqueado numa sessão do senado nos Idos de Março de 44 AC. JC foi sempre amado ou odiado, quando ainda era vivo e ao longo da História. Ele foi um herói de guerra, como outros. Ele era um patrício, entre muitos. Ele foi um ditador romano, mas não o único. -
1 Central Gaul. Bituriges Cubi Circa 200-0 BC. Quinarius AR 15 Mm, 1,91 G Stylized Head Left / Horse Prancing Left, Sword Above
1 Central Gaul. Bituriges Cubi circa 200-0 BC. Quinarius AR 15 mm, 1,91 g Stylized head left / Horse prancing left, sword above. very fine Cf. CCCBM II S412 (pentagram below). Starting price: 50 EUR 2 Central Gaul. Bituriges Cubi circa 200-0 BC. Quinarius AR 17 mm, 1,94 g Laureate head left / Horse leaping left, dagger above, CA-MBOTR-E below. very fine Colbert de Beaulieu, “Notules de numismatique,” Ogam VIII (1956), 421–424; BMC Celtic 511–513; De la Tour 4131. Starting price: 50 EUR 3 Central Europe. Treveri circa 100-30 BC. Potin AE 20 mm, 4,29 g Two goats around pellet; pellet-in-annulet above / Boar and wolf around pellet-in-annulet. very fine De la Tour 7465. Starting price: 50 EUR 4 Gaul. Andecavi circa 100-50 BC. Minim BI 10 mm, 0,38 g Celtic head facing / Boar. very fine D&T 2379. Starting price: 50 EUR 5 Gaul. Carnutes circa 100-50 BC. Bronze AE 15 mm, 3,17 g Male head right / Eagle facing, head right, wings spread; pentagram to upper left. nearly very fine D&T 2577. Starting price: 50 EUR 6 Gaul. Leuci circa 100-50 BC. Potin AE 17 mm, 2,97 g Helmeted head left / Stylized bull right; fleur-de-lis above. good very fine De la Tour 9155. Starting price: 50 EUR 7 Gaul. Lingones circa 100-30 BC. Potin AE 20 mm, 5,41 g Three horn-shaped ornaments revolving around pellet / Three s-shaped ornaments revolving around pellet. very fine De la Tour 8329.