The Filson Historical Society D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects (Louisville
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The Filson Historical Society D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects (Louisville, Ky.) Records, 1854–1949 For information regarding literary and copyright interest for this collection, see the curator of special collections. Size of Collection: 58.5 cubic feet, 20 ovsz. folders Mss./BB/M978 D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects (Louisville, Ky.) Records, 1854–1949 Biographical Note D. X. (Dennis Xavier) Murphy (1853–1933) was born in Louisville, Kentucky. Murphy was the son of Irish immigrants and began working as a draftsman for Irish immigrant, architect, Henry Whitestone in 1874. In 1881, upon Whitestone’s retirement, Murphy took control of the firm. Murphy changed the name of the firm to D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects, in 1890 when his brother J. C. (James Cornelius) Murphy became a partner in the firm. Murphy’s younger brother, Peter J. Murphy worked for the firm as well. Along with Louisville-area residences and business buildings, the Murphy brothers designed many churches and schools in Kentucky. Many of their projects were Catholic churches and academies, reflecting their strong ties to the Roman Catholic Church. They also built several medical facilities including the original Jewish hospital, and the Louisville General Hospital in 1914 on Chestnut St. The later was known as the “Million Dollar Hospital,” because Jim Crow regulations required building separate facilities for use by African Americans. Murphy’s firm was responsible for one of Louisville’s internationally known architectural works, the grandstand and twin spires at Churchill Downs. Murphy’s firm is still extant as Luckett & Farley, Inc. J. C. (James Cornelius) Murphy (1864–1935) was born in Louisville, Kentucky to Irish immigrant parents, Cornelius and Honora McNamara Murphy. He was the brother of noted Louisville architect D. X. Murphy. In 1890, he became a partner in his brother’s architectural firm, creating D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects. J. C. Murphy attended law school at the University of Louisville. In addition to his architectural work, he is best remembered for his work as a pioneer in urban planning in the city of Louisville. From 1901 to 1930 he tirelessly urged the city to develop an urban planning department. When the Planning Commission was finally instituted in 1930, Murphy was the first chairman. J. C. Murphy married Mary Sue Strain. The couple had three daughters. Henry Whitestone (1819–1893) was born in County Clare, Ireland. Whitestone worked as an architect in Ireland before he came to the United States in 1852. Upon arriving in the United States, he worked out of Cincinnati with noted hotel architect, Isaiah Rogers. Rogers and Whitestone opened offices in Louisville in the 1850s. Rogers continued to work primarily in Cincinnati while Whitestone worked out of Louisville. They were commissioned to design the expansion and redesign of the Louisville Hotel after it was badly damaged by a fire in 1853. The partnership dissolved in 1857 when Rogers took a position in Washington, D. C. Whitestone opened his own firm in Louisville. He worked on the enlargement of the first Galt House. He designed homes for some of Louisville’s most affluent families. During the United States Civil War Whitestone was commissioned by the Union Army to build the commissary bakery in Jeffersonville, Indiana. Whitestone is best remembered for his work on the Galt House, located at First & Main Streets, which he completed in 1869, but should also be credited for his great variety of commercial, residential, public, and institutional designs throughout Louisville. Whitestone welcomed D. X. Murphy into his firm in 1874. Murphy took control of the firm when Whitestone retired in 1881. He later renamed the firm D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects. Today, the firm operates under the name Luckett & Farley, Inc. Whitestone was married to Henrietta Sautelle Baker of Ireland. The couple had two daughters, Austine and Henrietta. D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects (Louisville, Ky.) Records, 1854–1949 Institutional Note D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects was a Louisville architectural firm that grew out of D. X. Murphy’s work with Louisville architect, Henry Whitestone. Whitestone began his architectural career in his homeland, Ireland. He immigrated to the United States in the 1850s where he partnered with renowned Cincinnati architect, Isaiah Rogers. When the firm opened a Louisville office, Whitestone relocated to Kentucky where he continued to work until his retirement though his partnership with Rogers dissolved in 1857. In 1874, Whitestone hired D. X. Murphy as a draftsman. When Whitestone retired in 1881, Murphy took control of the firm. In 1890 Murphy’s brother, James C. Murphy, became a partner in the firm, creating D. X. Murphy and Bro., Architects. A third brother, Peter J. Murphy, worked for the firm as well. In 1962 D. X. Murphy became Luckett and Farley, Inc., and as of 2011, it was still a thriving Louisville architectural firm. Famous works that have been attributed to the firm while it was under the leadership of D. X. Murphy include: the grandstand and twin spires at Churchill Downs; Presentation Academy; and the Jefferson County Jail. Special Note Regarding the Name of the Firm: Although people have occasionally referred to the firm as D. X. Murphy & Bros., the actually name of the firm after 1890 was D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects (prior to 1890, the firm was simply known as D. X. Murphy, Architect). The confusion may stem in part from the fact that a third brother, Peter J. Murphy worked at the firm with D. X. and J. C.; Peter, however, was not a partner. Contemporaries may have even referred to the firm colloquially as D. X. Murphy and Bros. but the files included in the collection and the city directories from the late 1800s and early 1900s all use the title D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects. D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects (Louisville, Ky.) Records, 1854–1949 Scope and Content Note The collection is comprised of project files, correspondence, business records, account books, and architectural drawings from the firm D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects. Additionally the collection includes records from the firm’s predecessor businesses: D. X. Murphy, Architect; Henry Whitestone, Architect; and Rogers and Whitestone, Architects. The bulk of the collection relates primarily to work completed by D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects from 1880 to 1920. Types of projects include residential, religious, medical, governmental, commercial, industrial, and recreational facilities. Given their establishment in Louisville, Kentucky, D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects worked on many projects in the Louisville area. The architectural firm was commissioned to work on various projects throughout the state of Kentucky and in other states, as well. Unless otherwise stated, the addresses represented in the collection are located in Louisville, Kentucky. A variety of late-19th and early-20th century Louisville building contractors and businesses are represented in the D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects collection. The collection provides valuable information on 19th and early 20th century businesses, industry and technology, as well as substantive insights into architectural and decorative arts. The collection contains several projects that were managed by Louisville Trust Company. The folder title on these projects lists the Louisville Trust Company followed by the client name then the address and dates. This arrangement reflects the order in which D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects compiled the records. “Miscellaneous Small Jobs” were handled in similar fashion, as this is the supplied title the firm used to organize the project files. Numerous architectural, structural, and mechanical construction drawings are represented in the D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects collection. The architectural drawings date from 1854-1949 and relate primarily to work completed by D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects, as well as the firm’s predecessor Henry Whitestone. Types of architectural drawings include floor plans, site and plot plans, elevations, sections, details, cross sections, longitudinal sections and framing plans. The drawing media is generally either pen and ink on heavy paper and drafting linen, or blueprints. Notable examples of architectural drawings in the collection include: General John M. Harlan Residence, Captain Irvin’s Vault at Cave Hill Cemetery, the original Jewish Hospital, The Louisville Hotel, Old Kentucky Woolen Mills, the new St. Joseph Infirmary, St. Elizabeth’s Church, and Waverly Hills Sanitarium. Dozens of other projects relate to private residences, churches, schools, hospitals, commercial and industrial businesses. While some of the drawings are in excellent condition, most are in good to fair condition. A small portion of the drawings are severely embrittled, and for this reason, access to these particular drawings is restricted (this is noted when applicable). Please see the collection’s Container List and Project Index for more information. D. X. Murphy & Bro., Architects (Louisville, Ky.) Records, 1854–1949 Arrangement Note Series: I. Project Files, 1865–1931 - General Project Files, (1881 -1931) - Oversized Project Files, (1868-1912) - Field Surveys (bound), (1914-1923) - Letterpress books, (1899-1906) - Order Books, (1900-1922) - Receipt Books, (1901-1919) - Checkbooks, (1865-1899) - Miscellaneous Financial Books, (1873-1878) II. Architectural Drawings, 1854-1949 - General Project Drawings, (1854-1949) - Oversized Project Drawings, (1854-1916) - Sample of Drawing ‘Wrappers’ Series