PLACE in Burkina Faso: Combating AIDS at the District Level Priorities
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PLACE in Burkina Faso: Combating AIDS at the District Level Priorities for Local AIDS Control Efforts (PLACE) Series, No. 1 This report was made possible by support from USAID under the terms of Cooperative Agreement HRN-A-00-97-00018-00. July 2003 Printed on recycled paper Collaborating Institutions: National AIDS Control Council, Comité National de Lutte Contre le SIDA (CNLS) Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Regional Health Office of Banfora, Direction Regionale de la Santé de Banfora (DRS of Banfora) Banfora, Burkina Faso Regional Health Office of Tenkodogo, Direction Regionale de la Santé de Tenkodogo (DRS of Banfora) Tenkodogo, Burkina Faso Centre Muraz Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso [email protected] University of North Carolina MEASURE Evaluation Project, Carolina Population Center Chapel Hill, NC, USA [email protected] Tulane University MEASURE Evaluation Project New Orleans, LA, USA [email protected] Local Principal Investigator: Dr. Nicolas Nagot, Centre Muraz, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................vii Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................ix Summary of Indicators for HIV Prevention in the Banfora and Tenkodogo Health Districts.........xiii Section 1. Burkina Faso General Context and the HIV Epidemic.......................................................1 1.1 Country context.................................................................................................................................1 1.2. The HIV epidemic in Burkina Faso ...............................................................................................2 HIV prevalence data indicate a generalized epidemic. .........................................................................2 Migration facilitates the spread of HIV.................................................................................................2 Poverty underlies disease transmission.................................................................................................2 Cultural factors could contribute to disease transmission.....................................................................3 Response to HIV/AIDS in Burkina Faso has increased over time........................................................3 1.3 Description of the PLACE method in Burkina Faso.........................................................................3 Section 2. How Were the Banfora and Tenkodogo Health Districts Selected for a PLACE Method Assessment?.................................................................................................................................................7 2.1 Why the Banfora Health District? Heavy migration facilitates HIV transmission ..........................7 Identification, selection and description of study areas in Banfora ......................................................7 2.2 Why the Tenkodogo Health District? Migration and heightened poverty signal increased risk of HIV transmission.....................................................................................................................................8 Identification, selection and description of Tenkodogo study areas .....................................................9 2.3 Preparation activities for implementation of the PLACE method in the health districts................11 Community support.............................................................................................................................11 Interviewer selection and training.......................................................................................................11 Study instruments................................................................................................................................11 Section 3. Where Do People Go to Meet New Sexual Partners? Findings from Key Informant Interviews… ..............................................................................................................................................13 3.1 Methods of key informant interviewing..........................................................................................13 3.2 Results of key informant interviewing, Banfora Health District ....................................................14 3.3 Results of key informant interviewing, Tenkodogo Health District ...............................................15 3.4 Summary of key informant reports .................................................................................................17 3.5 Assessing bias of key informant interviews....................................................................................19 Section 4. What Are Characteristics of Sites Where People Go to Meet New Sexual Partners? Findings from Interviews with Site Representatives .............................................................................21 4.1 Methods of site verification interviews...........................................................................................21 4.2 Results of site verification interviews, Banfora Health District .....................................................21 Distribution of site types .....................................................................................................................22 Characteristics of sites ...........................................................................................................................22 Age and size........................................................................................................................................22 Times of peak operation......................................................................................................................25 Common activities ..............................................................................................................................25 Table of Contents i Potential for sexual encounter.............................................................................................................25 Characteristics of individuals who visit sites, according to site representatives.................................25 Potential for site-based AIDS prevention ...........................................................................................27 4.3 Results of site verification interviews, Tenkodogo Health District ................................................29 Distribution of site types .....................................................................................................................29 Characteristics of sites ...........................................................................................................................31 Age and size........................................................................................................................................31 Times of peak operation......................................................................................................................31 Common activities ..............................................................................................................................32 Potential for sexual encounter at sites.................................................................................................32 Characteristics of individuals who visit sites, according to site representatives.................................32 Potential for site-based AIDS prevention ...........................................................................................34 4.4 Summary of site characteristics ......................................................................................................34 4.5 Assessing bias of site verification interviews .................................................................................38 Section 5. How Risky is Sexual Behavior in the Health Districts? Findings from Interviews with People Socializing at Sites ........................................................................................................................39 A. Methods of individual interviews ...................................................................................................39 B. Results of individual interviews, Banfora Health District ..............................................................39 C. Results of individual interviews, Tenkodogo Health District.........................................................46 D. Summary of sexual behavior and AIDS awareness ........................................................................54 E. Assessing bias of individual interviews..........................................................................................56 Section 6. Summary of Main Findings and Recommendations for AIDS-Prevention Programs ...59 6.1 Summary of main findings..............................................................................................................59 6.2 Recommendations for district-level AIDS-prevention programs ...................................................62 Supply condoms at sites. Promote regular condom use......................................................................62 Promote reduction in numbers