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Central Asian Studies Korea University of International Studies ISSN 1226-4490 International Journal of Central Asian Studies Volume 16 2012 Editor in Chief Choi Han-Woo The International Association of Central Asian Studies Korea University of International Studies International Journal of Central Asian Studies Editorial Board Prof. Dr. H. B. Paksoy (Texas) Prof. Dr. Emine Yilmaz (Ankara) Prof. Dr. Kim Ho-Dong (Seoul) Prof. Dr. Juha Janhunen (Helsinki) Prof. Dr. Valeriy S. Khan (Tashkent) Prof. Dr. Choi Han-Woo (Seoul) Prof. Dr. Mustaq Kaw (Kashmir) Prof. Dr. Kim Hyo-Joung (Busan) On matters of announcement of books for review etc. please contact the Editor. Korea University of International Studies 17, Imjeong-ro, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 140-897, Korea Fax: +82-2-707-3116 Email: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.kuis.ac.kr International Journal of Central Asian Studies Volume 16 2012 Editor in Chief Choi Han-Woo The International Journal of Central Asian Studies is indexed in the MLA International Bibliography and Aldébaran. CONTENTS India’s Involvement with Tajikistan in the Perspective of Strategic-Economic Relations ............................................................. 1 Mohd Younus Wani, Aijez A. Bandey The Term SANJAK and SANJAK in Ottoman ................................ 21 Ilhan Sahin Comparative Analysis of Inter-Ethnic Marriages in Korea and Among the Korean Diaspora in Central Asia ................................ 39 Marina I. Kozmina The Religious Situation and Education in Kyrgyzstan ................. 61 Abdyrahmanov A. Tolobek India and Central Asia Contours of Emerging Relations ............. 75 Tabasum Firdous, Firdous Ahmad Dar Economy of Yenisei Kyrgyz in the Age of Tang Dynasty (7-10 century) ...................................................................................... 93 Kapalbaev E. Oktiabr Globalization and Problems of Language and Culture (For example, The Uzbek Language) ............................................. 107 Azizova Nasiba Bakhritdinovna Bāb al-Sūls (Sūl–Gates) in Caucasia and Turkestan, Their Roles in Medieval Caucasian and Turkestan Studies, and the Sūl Turks .... 121 Mehmet Tezcan Reviews on Atabeg Institution in the Turkic State Organization ............................................................................ 147 Haluk A. Dursun James Palmer. The Bloody White Baron: The Extraordinary Story of the Russian Nobleman Who Became the Last Khan of Mongolia. New York: Basic Books, 2009 .................................................................... 161 Sergius L. Kuzmin * The Code of Research Ethics of the International Association of Central Asian Studies International Journal of Central Asian Studies Volume 16. 2012 1. Economy of Yenisei Kyrgyz in the Age 2. of Tang Dynasty(7-10 century) Kapalbaev E. Oktiabr Kyrgyz State University, Kyrgyzstan Abstract: During this time, the Kyrgyz agricultural activity had developed into various forms. The economy of Yenisei Kyrgyz was formed from farming to craftsmanship and it was based on the historical inheritance of Yenisei Kyrgyz tribes. The nomadic Hyrhyz who had become Kyrgyz, had wandered around for water, pasture, farm and good weather. They lived in Yurta, hunting and fishing. They were rough and valiant in their appearance and character. The Kyrgyz metal-work had developed well to produce weapons sharp enough to pierce the leather of a rhinoceros. Keywords: Yenisei Kyrgyz, culture, farming, nomadism, pasture farm, woodworking, economy, metal-working Для более полного понимания роли и места Кыргызской Республики на мировой арене хотелось бы дать читателям краткое представление о нашей стране. Кыргызская Республика расположена на северо-востоке Центральной Азии, занимает часть Тянь-Шаня и северной цепи 94 Kapalbaev E. Oktiabr Памиро-Алая. Границы проходят в основном по естественным рубежам - гребням высоких горных хребтов и рекам, лишь местами они опускаются на равнины Чуйской, Таласской и Ферганской долины. Кыргызстан на севере граничит с Республикой Казахстан, на западе - с Республикой Узбекистан, на юго-западе - с Республик- ой Таджикистан, на юго-востоке - с Китайской Народной Республи- кой. Общая длина границ Кыргызстана составляет 4503 км. Наша республика является высокогорной страной, более 70 процентов её территории занимают горы, что накладывает на развитие страны и её отношение с внешним миром свою специфику. Страна является географически замкнутой и не имеет выходов к мировым морским коммуникациям, что во многом определило приоритеты развития внешней политики в годы становления независимости. Поэтому преодоление различных торг- овых и тарифных барьеров, развитие транспортно-транзитных коммуникаций, а также вопросы региональной стабильности и безопасности становятся для Кыргызской Республики жизненно необходимыми. Современный Кыргызстан – многонациональная страна. В ней живет более 80 этнических групп, создающих богатое разнооб- разие культур и традиций. Численность населения Республики по данным на 1 января 2011г.- 5,5 млн. человек, из них: кыргызы составляют 64%, узбеки - 13,7%, русские - 12,5%. Государственный язык – кыргызский, официальный язык – русский. Государственное устройство Кыргызстана определяется Конституцией, которая определяет государственную форму правле- ния Кыргызстана как парламентскую республику. Парламент Economy of Yenisei Kyrgyz in the Age of Tang Dynasty(7-10 century) 95 Республики (Жогорку Кенеш) является однопалатным, он состоит из 120 депутатов, избираемых сроком на пять лет по партийным спискам. Жогорку Кенеш имеет приоритет решения и определения самых важных решений и политики государства. Президент Кыргы- зстана избирается всенародным голосованием сроком на 6 лет, без права переизбрания на второй срок. Одно и то же лицо не может быть избрано Президентом дважды. Глава правительства — премьер-министр, назначается парламентом по представлению парламентской фракции большинства (депутатов от политической партии, получившей более 50 процентов мандатов). 31 августа 1991 года бывшая советская республика Киргизс- кая ССР провозгласила свою независимость и, начиная с 1992 года, Кыргызская Республика установила дипломатические отношения с более чем 100 государствами, стала членом более 50 международн- ых институтов и форумов, открыла более 25 дипломатических и консульских представительства за рубежом. В свою очередь, в Кыргызской Республике аккредитованы 88 дипломатических миссий и международных организаций с резиденциями в г.г. Бишкеке, Алматы, Ташкенте, Москве. В основе международной политики Кыргызской Республики лежат демократические ценности и идеалы. Развитию демократии в регионе способствует укрепление безопасности, поэтому Кыргызст- ан стремится к тому, чтобы внести свой посильный вклад в достижение глобальной цели современности — построению мирно- го, безопасного и свободного международного сообщества. Это означает, что во внешней политике Кыргызстан должен продемонс- трировать миру приверженность демократии, уважение и соблюден- 96 Kapalbaev E. Oktiabr ие прав человека, выбор рыночной экономики. К настоящему времени сформировались стратегические цели Кыргызской Республики, внешнеполитические и внешнеэкон- омические приоритеты, договорно-правовой фундамент. За 20 лет Кыргызстан сформировал весьма солидную договорно-правовую базу двусторонних и многосторонних отношений. Так, уже к началу 2001года Кыргызстан стал участником более 2500 соглашений. Существенно расширился спектр междуна- родных контактов, на международной арене прочно сложился имидж республики как государства, вставшего на путь демокра- тических и рыночных преобразований, равноправного и достойного участника общемировых процессов. Заложены необхо-димые предпосылки устойчивого внутреннего развития и интегрирования страны в мирохозяйственные связи. Для Кыргызст-ана интересы и задачи внешней политики состоят в том, чтобы в максимальной мере создать и обеспечить укрепление международ-ных гарантий независимости, суверенитета, экономической сам-остоятельности, территориальной целостности страны политико-дипломатическими средствами. Для Кыргызстана главным региональным приоритетом является постсоветское пространство, что обусловлено историко- культурными, геополитическими, экономическими и гуманитарн- ыми обстоятельствами. Кыргызстан заинтересован в том, чтобы действующий механизм Содружества независимых государств (СНГ) укреплялся и развивался, превращаясь в динамичное ин- теграционное объединение на принципах добровольности и равноправия. СНГ (Россия, Украина, Беларусь, Азербайджан, Economy of Yenisei Kyrgyz in the Age of Tang Dynasty(7-10 century) 97 Армения, Грузия, Казахстан, Кыргызстан, Молдова, Таджикистан, Туркменистан, Узбекистан), образованное в конце 1991году, оправдало себя как институт, который обеспечил бесконфликтный переход от единого союзного государства к системе независимых государств. За прошедший период в рамках СНГ было принято свыше 1000 документов, в том числе более 400 — Советом глав государств и свыше 700 — Советом глав Правительств. Они заложили основу согласованной стратегии государств на краткосрочную и до- лгосрочную перспективу, с учётом взаимных интересов и норм международного права. Центральным документом является Догов- ор о создании Экономического Союза (24 сентября 1993), отраж- ающий концепцию построения новой системы экономических взаимоотношений стран-участниц Содружества. За годы существования СНГ произошли процессы мн- огоуровневой интеграции, которые способствовали образованию различных региональных объединений сотрудничества на этом пространстве, в основе которых предусматривалось, прежде всего, экономическое взаимодействие. Развитие взаимоотношений
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