P> the ASSOCIATION for KOREAN STUDIES in EUROPE
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Exploring Human Rights in East Asia *
Exploring Human Rights in East Asia * SUH Sung 1 My Life and Human Rights 1.1 War and Colonial Occupation In 1928 my grandparents moved to Kyoto from the mid Korean Peninsula. After the annexation in 1910, Japan looted various resources from the Korean Peninsula, and especially in the rural areas, the Japanese Colonial Government of Korea and Japanese landowners took Koreans’ land through the land survey. Having been driven off their land, Koreans left through the North for Manchuria and through the South for Japan. On April 3, 1945, right after the U.S. forces landed on Okinawa Island, I was born in Keihokuchō, which was called Shūzan at that time. The town was located in an obscure area between the mountains. Roads were rough and unpaved, with buses sometimes plunged off steep mountain roads. Now it is only a half hour’s drive from Kyoto, and we can go there without any diffi- culty. In Japan my grandparents lived first in Tokiwa, Kyoto city. Shortly after my parents’ marriage, the Second World War started, and Koreans too were drafted for a camp follower. My father was the eldest of six siblings. In those days he was the only wage earner of his family of nine, including my grand- parents and my elder brother. If my father had been drafted, my family would have starved to death. So my mother asked the Uzumasa ward mayor to seek an exemption for him, and he was allowed to farm and pay a stipend of rice in lieu of serving as an army civilian employee. -
Non Citizens, Voice, and Identity: the Politics of Citizenship in Japan's
The Center for Comparative Immigration Studies CCIS University of California, San Diego Non citizens, Voice, and Identity: the Politics of Citizenship in Japan’s Korean Community By Erin Aeran Chung Harvard University Working Paper 80 June 2003 1 Noncitizens, Voice, and Identity: The Politics of Citizenship in Japan’s Korean Community Erin Aeran Chung Program on U.S.-Japan Relations Harvard University Weatherhead Center for International Affairs 1033 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138-5319 [email protected] Prepared for delivery at the First Annual Summer Institute on International Migration Conference, University of California, San Diego, June 20-22, 2003. The research for this paper was supported by a grant from the Japan Foundation. 2 Abstract This paper examines the relationship between citizenship policies and noncitizen political behavior, focusing on extra-electoral forms of political participation by Korean residents in Japan. I analyze the institutional factors that have mediated the construction of Korean collective identity in Japan and, in turn, the ways that Korean community activists have re-conceptualized possibilities for their exercise of citizenship as foreign residents in Japan. My empirical analysis is based on a theoretical framework that defines citizenship as an interactive process of political incorporation, performance, and participation. I posit that the various dimensions of citizenship—its legal significance, symbolic meaning, claims and responsibilities, and practice—are performed, negotiated, -
Koreans and the Politics of Nationality and Race During the Allied Occupation of Japan, 1945-1952
Koreans and the Politics of Nationality and Race During the Allied Occupation of Japan, 1945-1952 by Simon Nantais M.A., University of Ottawa, 2004 B.A., University of Ottawa, 1998 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of History ©Simon Nantais, 2011 University of Victoria All rights reserved. This dissertation may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopying or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Koreans and the Politics of Nationality and Race During the Allied Occupation of Japan, 1945-1952 by Simon Nantais M.A., University of Ottawa, 2004 B.A., University of Ottawa, 1998 Supervisory Committee Dr. John Price, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Greg Blue, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. Patricia E. Roy, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. Cody Poulton, Outside Member (Department of Pacific and Asian Studies) iii Supervisory Committee Dr. John Price, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Greg Blue, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. Patricia E. Roy, Departmental Member (Department of History) Dr. Cody Poulton, Outside Member (Department of Pacific and Asian Studies) ABSTRACT Koreans resident during the Allied Occupation of Japan (1945-1952) were in a complex position. They remained Japanese nationals until a sovereign Japan and ―Korea,‖ which was divided into two ideologically opposed states, negotiated their nationality status. Though most Koreans in Japan held family registers in South Korea, both North and South Korea claimed them as nationals, and most Koreans in Japan came to support Kim Il-sung‘s North Korea. -
The Politics of Transitional Justice in Post-Suharto Indonesia
The Politics of Transitional Justice in Post-Suharto Indonesia DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jiwon Suh Graduate Program in Political Science The Ohio State University 2012 Dissertation Committee: R. William Liddle, Advisor Marcus J. Kurtz Sara Watson Copyrighted by Jiwon Suh 2012 Abstract This study is an attempt to explain adoption and implementation of transitional justice mechanisms in post-Suharto Indonesia (1998–). In latecomer democracies, the internationalized context of transitional justice, working through international pressure and diffusion of ready-made norms and models, facilitates adoption of transitional justice mechanisms, such as trials and truth commissions, for certain categories of past political violence. In Indonesia, where the international advocacy campaigns for the Santa Cruz massacre in East Timor (1991) gave rise to mechanisms for dealing with human rights abuses by the military before the transition, international pressure against the East Timor referendum violence in 1999 led to adoption of two comprehensive mechanisms as preemptive measures preferable to worse alternatives: a domestic ad-hoc human rights court system against an international court for East Timor, and a truth and reconciliation commission – truth-seeking combined with amnesty – against domestic ad-hoc human rights courts. In this process, Indonesian human rights activists or “domestic norm entrepreneurs” played an indispensable role in promoting norms, models, and repertoires of action related to transitional justice, and influenced adoption of the bills and their final forms. Rather than passively relying on international allies, these norm entrepreneurs actively introduced models from a wide range of sources through direct and indirect ii linkages, and took initiative in reaching out to international allies to boost their campaigns. -
Zainichi (Koreans in Japan): Diasporic Nationalism and Postcolonial Identity
Zainichi (Koreans in Japan): Diasporic Nationalism and Postcolonial Identity John Lie Published in association with University of California Press Description: This book traces the origins and transformations of a people—the Zainichi, migrants from the Korean peninsula to Japan and their descendants. Using a wide range of arguments and evidence—historical and comparative, political and social, literary and pop-cultural—John Lie reveals the social and historical conditions that gave rise to Zainichi identity, while simultaneously demonstrating its complex, fractured, even ephemeral nature. Key to understanding Zainichi ideology are, for Lie, the nationalist yearnings it expressed from a condition of diaspora and discrimination. Lie’s nuanced treatment acknowledges both the tragic and triumphant qualities embedded in this formulation, while resisting the essentialism it implies. Rather, he embraces the vicissitudes of the lived experience of Koreans in Japan, shedding light on the vexing topics of diaspora, migration, identity, and group formation. Author: John Lie is Class of 1959 Professor of Sociology and Dean of International and Area Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Zainichi (Koreans in Japan) UUC-Lie-revises.inddC-Lie-revises.indd i 88/27/2008/27/2008 11:12:27:12:27 PPMM UUC-Lie-revises.inddC-Lie-revises.indd iiii 88/27/2008/27/2008 11:12:44:12:44 PPMM Zainichi (Koreans in Japan) Diasporic Nationalism and Postcolonial Identity John Lie Global, Area, and International Archive University of California Press Berkeley los Angeles London UUC-Lie-revises.inddC-Lie-revises.indd iiiiii 88/27/2008/27/2008 11:12:45:12:45 PPMM Frontispiece: Y. -
Diaspora, Nationalism and Women: Transnational Nationalism and Korean American Women’S Writings
International Journal of Global Diaspora Studies 2016. Vol. 2, No. 1 Website: www.wadis.or.kr Diaspora, Nationalism and Women: Transnational Nationalism and Korean American Women’s Writings Kyonghwan Park Department of Geography Education, Chonnam National University (Accepted February 20, 2016; published February 28, 2016) For the last decades, South Korea propelled to mobilize transnational nationalism to appropriate Korean diaspora space and resources for national purpose. Diaspora space is not just a marginal space of expatriate migrants. Rather, the nation-state can capture the transnational social space of diaspora to construct flexible networks of transnational capitalism. This paper explored how diaspora could be appropriated for nationalism, and conducted textual analysis of two Korean American women’s writing. The analysis showed that their voices were not politically organized in terms of critical diasporic consciousness. Rather, they were blurred and subsumed in Korean nationalist narratives. I assume that the relative absence of radical feminist voices in their writings were resulted by the gendered nature of transnational nationalism. Key words: Korean American, diaspora, transnational nationalism, gender, South Korea 1. Introduction Since the last decades, Korean diasporic communities have experienced a rapid resur- rection of Korean nationalism, which is related to both South Korean governmental institutions and Korean diasporic organizations. Accentuating “national competence for the globalized capitalist society” (Overseas Koreans Foundation 1997: 6), the South Korean government has employed strong nationalist discourses to appropriate human, capital and organizational resources of overseas Korean communities for its national development (Park 2009). This national movement implies that transnational social space of diasporic communities is not necessarily an alternative space to the nation-state. -
Korea in International History
Korea in International History: An Annotated Reading List Jessamyn Abel, Department of History, Bowling Green State University Alexis Dudden, Department of History, Connecticut College George Kallander, Department of History, Syracuse University [email protected] Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Premodern Korea and Beyond: Thought, War, Trade and Diplomacy 3. Late Chosŏn Korea and the Outside World (1897-1910) 4. Colonial Korea (1905/1910-1945) 5. Post-Liberation Struggles (1945-1950) 6. Civil War/Cold War (1950-1953) 7. North and South Korea (1953 – present) 8. Overcoming the Cold War Legacy 9. Koreans Beyond Korea Introduction This annotated reading list may be used as the basis for a syllabus on Korea in international history, focusing on the twentieth century, or as a resource for bringing Korea into more general courses. The readings on this list could be useful in a wide variety of courses, including but not limited to: • World/International history • East Asian history • Modernity • Imperialism and anti-imperialist movements • Postcolonial history • Immigration/diaspora • World War II • The Cold War • Economic Growth in East Asia Each section lists suggested primary and secondary reading materials, as well as visual materials, such as films and web sites, and provides brief annotations. A few collections of Korean primary sources in translation related to various topics include: CH’OE, Yongho, Peter H. LEE, and Wm. Theodore de BARY, eds. Sources of Korean Tradition: From the Sixteenth to the Twentieth Centuries, 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1997. FULTON, Bruce and Youngmin KWON, ed. Modern Korean Fiction: An Anthology. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005. -
Nationalism, North Korean Defectors, and the Spiritual Project for a Unified Korea
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ BORDERS OF BELONGING: NATIONALISM, NORTH KOREAN DEFECTORS, AND THE SPIRITUAL PROJECT FOR A UNIFIED KOREA A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ANTHROPOLOGY by Sarah Eunkyung Chee December 2015 The Dissertation of Sarah Eunkyung Chee is approved: ____________________________________ Professor Melissa L. Caldwell, Chair ____________________________________ Professor Donald L. Brenneis ____________________________________ Professor Carolyn Martin-Shaw ____________________________________ Professor Timothy Tangherlini ____________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Table of Contents ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... VI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .............................................................................................. VIII CHAPTER 1. BORDERS OF BELONGING ...................................................................... 1 HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF NORTH AND SOUTH KOREA ........................................................... 6 KOREA INTERRUPTED: A LONGING FOR UNIFICATION ........................................................... 11 THE LONG PATH TO SOUTH KOREA AND DEFECTOR AID ...................................................... 18 HISTORY OF PROTESTANT AID TO DEFECTORS ....................................................................... 26 WHAT’S IN A NAME? THE HISTORY OF -
Dilemma of Diaspora's National Membership–Case Study of Korean and Chinese Diasporas
TWO STATES, ONE NATION: DILEMMA OF DIASPORA'S NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP–CASE STUDY OF KOREAN AND CHINESE DIASPORAS A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Georgetown University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Arts in Conflict Resolution By Hyangseon Ahn, B.A Washington, DC April 24th, 2017 Copyright 2017 by Hyangseon Ahn All Rights Reserved ii TWO STATES, ONE NATION: DILEMMA OF DIASPORA'S NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP–CASE STUDY OF KOREAN AND CHINESE DIASPORAS Hyangseon Ahn, B.A Thesis Advisor: Molly Inman, Ph.D. ABSTRACT This study examines theoretical propositions regarding the relationship between identity of diaspora and choice of citizenship, specifically through study of a formerly unified nation divided into two separate countries. Today, only two divided countries– Korea and China–remain. Utilizing the qualitative comparative analysis of two case studies, this article examines the impact of diplomatic normalization after division on the citizenship preference of the diasporas. The analysis scrutinizes factors that affect the decision of diasporas on the choice of national membership. The study concludes that three factors– ethnic school education, national pride, and practical benefit– better explain the citizenship preferences of the two diasporas than other interpretations suggested by the existing literature. This study contributes to the literature of politics of diaspora identity and sheds light on policy considerations and its implication for future society beyond the nation-state. iii The research and writing of this thesis is dedicated to Byeong Hun Yu, Jimin Kim, Dongwon Kim, SukHwan Kang, Dr. Molly Inman, Dr. Yuhki Tajima, Dr.