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Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Chondracanthidae), Parasitic on Tetraodontiform Fishes

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Copepoda, Poecilostomatoida, Chondracanthidae), Parasitic on Tetraodontiform Fishes RESURRECTION OF ACANTHOCANTHOPSIS HEEGAARD, 1945 (COPEPODA, POECILOSTOMATOIDA, CHONDRACANTHIDAE), PARASITIC ON TETRAODONTIFORM FISHES BY DANNY TANG1,3) and JU-SHEY HO2,4) 1) School of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia 2) Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840-3702, U.S.A. ABSTRACT The genus Acanthocanthopsis Heegaard, 1945 is considered valid based on examination of newly collected specimens of the type-species, A. quadrata Heegaard, 1945, from 2 tetraodontiform hosts (Pisces) captured in Australian waters. Pseudochondracanthus chilomycteri (Thomson, 1889) is transferred to Acanthocanthopsis. This latter genus can be differentiated from other chondracanthid genera by a combination of characters that include processes on the cephalosome, one pair of modified legs, a trunk bearing processes, a caudal ramus tipped with a small spine, a mandible armed with over 100 teeth on both margins, and a maxilliped claw with an accessory tooth in the female, as well as a vestigial first leg in the male. An amended diagnosis of Acanthocanthopsis is also provided. RÉSUMÉ Le genre Acanthocanthopsis Heegaard, 1945 est considéré comme valide après l’examen de spécimens de l’espèce-type, A. quadrata Heegaard, 1945, nouvellement prélevés sur deux hôtes Tétraodontiformes (Poissons) capturés dans les eaux australiennes. Pseudochondracanthus chilomycteri (Thomson, 1889) est transféré dans le genre Acanthocanthopsis. Ce dernier peut être différencié des autres genres de Chondracanthidae par une combinaison de caractères incluant des processus sur le céphalosome, une paire de pattes modifiées, un tronc portant des processus, une rame caudale terminée par une petite épine, une mandibule armée de plus de 100 dents sur les deux bords, et le croc du maxillipède portant une dent accessoire chez la femelle, ainsi qu’une première patte vestigiale chez le mâle. Une diagnose amendée d’Acanthocanthopsis est aussi fournie. 3) e-mail: [email protected] 4) e-mail: [email protected] © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2005 Crustaceana 78 (7): 809-818 Also available online: www.brill.nl 810 DANNY TANG & JU-SHEY HO INTRODUCTION Acanthocanthopsis was created by Heegaard (1945) within the Chondracanthi- dae, a family currently containing about 160 species of extremely modified par- asitic copepods, to accommodate Acanthocanthopsis quadrata Heegaard, 1945 removed from a porcupinefish (Diodon sp.) collected from Japan and housed in the Zoological Museum of Uppsala University. The diagnostic features of Acanthocanthopsis enumerated by Heegaard (1945) were the possession of trunk processes, bifurcate antennules, maxillae lacking teeth, and 2 pairs of bifurcate (bilobate) legs. He also suggested the inclusion of Chondracanthus cottunculi Rathbun, 1886, a chondracanthid having a fleshy, triangular antennule, trunk processes, and 2 pairs of bilobate legs, into Acanthocanthopsis. Based on the origi- nal description of A. quadrata, Ho (1970) doubted the validity of Acanthocanthop- sis, noting that the chondracanthid antennule may vary in appearance between con- generic species and A. quadrata lacked any postantennular features different from Chondracanthus Delaroche, 1811. Accordingly, Ho (1970) transferred A. quadrata to Chondracanthus, which was later upheld by Ho (1991) and Østergaard (2003). During examination of tetraodontiform fishes housed at both the Australian Museum and the Museum Victoria, chondracanthid copepods were recovered from the fins and/or branchial cavity wall of a porcupinefish and pufferfish. Close examination of these copepods revealed that they are conspecific with C. quadratus. The aim of this paper is to redescribe C. quadratus basedonthe newly collected material in order to clarify the taxonomic status of this taxon. The validity of Acanthocanthopsis is also reconsidered. MATERIALS AND METHODS The body surface, branchial cavity, and gills of numerous tetraodontiform fishes housed at both the Australian Museum (AM) and the Museum Victoria (NMV) were examined for parasitic copepods. Copepods removed from the tetraodontiform hosts were preserved in 70% ethanol. All copepod specimens were later soaked in lactic acid for at least 24 hr prior to examination using an Olympus BX-50 compound microscope. Two female and 4 male specimens were measured using an ocular micrometer. Five females and 1 male specimen were dissected and examined according to the wooden slide procedure of Humes & Gooding (1964). All drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida. Voucher specimens were deposited at the Australian Museum and Museum Victoria..
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