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Charles Wright and Cuban Palms. 1. Resurrection of Coccothrinax

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Charles Wright and Cuban Palms. 1. Resurrection of Coccothrinax PALM S Moya López & Méndez Santos : Coccothrinax Vol. 62(1) 2018 CELIO E. M OYA LÓPEZ Sección de Palmas, Sociedad Cubana de Botánica Charles Wright 90 South Blvd. Apt. 2C, Boynton Beach, Florida 33435 USA and Cuban [email protected] Palms. 1. AND ISIDRO E. M ÉNDEZ SANTOS Resurrection Universidad de Camagüey “Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz” of Coccothrinax Carretera de Circunvalación Norte, Km acuminata 5 ½, Camagüey, Cuba. [email protected]. cu A new taxonomic treatment to demonstrate the legitimacy of the name Coccothrinax acuminata Becc. (Arecaceae) is presented. Two taxa, Coccothrinax miraguama var. novo-geronensis and C. miraguama subsp. arenicola , are treated as new synonyms. Three lectotypes are designated, and 38 isolectotypes not mentioned in previous publications are indicated. The palm family has undergone an important butions, but they have not always taken into process of diversification in Cuba, resulting in account the historical record. Therefore, for 15 genera with 79 species, 8 hybrids and 11 the development of a robust taxonomy of infraspecific taxa (Moya & Leyva 2000, Cuban palms today, the task of reanalyzing updated by the first author). However, recent historical information becomes a priority, in publications (Suárez 2015, Verdecia 2016, order to correct errors and eliminate possible Moya et al. 2017), suggest that the taxonomic causes of ambiguity and confusion. richness of the group in Cuba is not yet fully In the genus Coccothrinax , restricted within known. the Caribbean Basin, 55 species have been This abundance of palms in Cuba has attracted described, seven infraspecific taxa and one a great deal of attention. Numerous researchers hybrid. Cuba is its center of diversity where 39 from various countries have made contri- species are found (38 of them endemic), seven 42 PALMS 62(1): 42 –50 PALM S Moya López & Méndez Santos : Coccothrinax Vol. 62(1) 2018 1. Stem with leaf sheaths and older infrutescence of Coccothrinax acuminata in Cortés, Pinar del Río. Photo by C.E. Moya. 43 PALM S Moya López & Méndez Santos : Coccothrinax Vol. 62(1) 2018 2. Coccothrinax acuminata growing together with Acoelorrhaphe wrightii (left and background) in Cortés. Photo by C.E. Moya. subspecies and one hybrid. Nine species have addition to the main species, two other been reported in Hispaniola (seven of them infraspecific taxa, Coccothrinax miraguama endemic). Of the remaining, four are limited (novo-geronensis ) Becc. and C. miraguama subsp. to the islands, two share their distribution arenicola (León) Borhidi & O.Muñiz, are between the islands and continental territory involved. and only one is confined to the mainland The objectives of this paper are to offer a new (Jestrow et al. 2017). taxonomic system that better reflects the The taxonomic treatment of this genus cannot natural variability in this complex, to evaluate be considered complete. On the one hand, the nomenclature used historically for it, to new descriptions continue to be published; determine the accepted name, to reveal the three occurred in the last four years (Mejía & location of the type material in different García 2013, Suárez 2015 and Moya et al 2017). herbaria and to order the synonymy. On the other hand, it is still necessary to refine Materials and Methods part of the nomenclature used in previous accounts of currently recognized taxa. The nomenclature and taxonomy of what we refer to in this paper as “ Coccothrinax acuminata A particularly complex taxonomic and complex” was investigated. A review was done nomenclatural situation occurs in western of the protologues of the names used by Cuba, around what could preliminarily be different authors and of the different called the “ Coccothrinax acuminata complex,” descriptions available in the main treatments. a name used by different authors, although Expedition notes and species catalogs were also not always legitimately. It is a group that grows studied. A taxonomic study was made from a in the southern parts of the provinces of Pinar review of herbarium specimens and field del Río and Artemisa, as well as in central and studies conducted by the first author for over northern Isla de la Juventud. Taxa in this 30 years. complex are characterized by the presence of short, pendulous mature infructescences, with The following works were consulted: Sauvalle a rachis partially down-curved, leaves that are (1871, 1873), Gómez de la Maza (1893), 5/4 orbicular, with segments 12–15 cm long Sargent (1899), Schumann (1901), Beccari measured from the “shoulder” to the apex, (1907, 1913), Britton (1910, 1916), Shafer thin leaf sheath strands 0.5–1 mm wide and (1913), Jennings (1917), León (1918), Dahlgren densely woven in three layers (Fig. 1). In (1936), León (1939, 1946), Borhidi and Muñiz 44 PALM S Moya López & Méndez Santos : Coccothrinax Vol. 62(1) 2018 (1971), Glassman (1972), Muñiz and Borhidi C. acuminata , C. miraguama (novo-geronensis ) (1982), Chiappy et al. (1986), Cejas and and C . miraguama subsp. arenicola constitute Herrera (1995), Hernández et al. (1995), Moya a single taxon. and Leiva (2000), Govaerts and Dransfield Taxonomic and nomenclatural history (2005), Govaerts et al. (2011), Acevedo Rodríguez and Strong (2012), Novo et al. The first event relevant to the group under (2015) and Greuter and Rankin (2016). The study was the collection of Coccothrinax materials used by Beccari were reviewed in acuminata made by Charles Wright and given Cuccuini and Nepi (2006). The effectiveness, the number 3966 , from which was established validity and legitimacy of each name used was the first of the names involved. The labels of checked using the International Code of Wright’s herbarium refer only to the country Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants but do not specify the exact location in which (ICN) (McNeill et al. 2012). they were collected (Howard 1988). However, a specimen in the Gray Herbarium, GH28253, 128 specimens of 38 collections (including 45 has a note written by Wright, which says: types) were reviewed from the following “Balestena Feby 23. ” According to Gray (cited herbaria: BRU, CM, F, FI, GH, HAC, HCM, K, by Underwood 1905 and Howard 1988), LE, M, MO, NY, P, US (acronyms sensu Thiers, Balestena was a cattle farm, property of José 2016). Special attention was paid to the study Blain, located at the southern base of the of specimen duplicates ( Wright 3966 ) in seven mountains opposite Bahía Honda, Pinar del of these herbaria, as well as clarification of the Río. The boundaries of the farm were the Sierra location of the lectotypes and isolectotypes. A Rangel to the north, Santa Cruz to the south, study was made of the exact locations of the the river of the same name to the east and the collections made by Charles Wright that are Taco Taco River to the west. This locality is basic to an understanding of the taxonomy currently within the municipality of San and nomenclature of the taxon, as was a study Cristóbal, province Artemisa, and is part of the done of the contrasting data annotated by him biogeographical district Sabaloense (Borhidi on herbarium labels. We also reviewed 1996). information available in the literature (Underwood 1905, Howard 1988) and the The name Thrinax acuminata was initially used current cartography and phytogeography of by Sauvalle (1871) for the specimen Wright the region (Borhidi 1996). 3966 , without description, diagnosis or reference to a previous one, which makes it a Field expeditions were carried out in localities nomen nudum . Subsequently the name where the presence of the taxon was known continued to be used in Sauvalle (1873), in the province of Pinar del Río: north of Gómez de la Maza (1893) and Sargent (1899), Cortés (Fig. 2), municipality Sandino; near but none of them fulfilled Article 38 of the Herradura, municipality Consolación del Sur; Code. Sargent in Schumann (1901) transferred savannahs of El Sábalo, municipality Guanes, it to Coccothrinax , but this combination as well as the area surrounding La Cañada, La continued to constitute a nomen nudum . Fe, Siguanea, Las Nuevas, Hotel Colony and Beccari (1907) first used the name Coccothrinax Nueva Gerona of Isla de la Juventud. Also acuminata (based on Coccothrinax acuminata visited were the localities of Las Pozas, Sargent 1899) as a valid name, as it was Cajalbana and Viñales in western Cuba, where accompanied by a description and a type other species of the genus are reported. designation ( Wright 3966 ), although he did Diagnostic characters were studied in situ , and not indicate the herbarium in which the type a preliminary key was developed to was deposited. In 1972, Glassman reconsidered differentiate it from the other Coccothrinax its taxonomic validity and indicated that, in species in that part of the country. his opinion, the holotype was deposited in A Results and Discussion (herbarium of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University). The evaluation and comparison of morpho- logical, phenological and phytogeographic The type material used for the description that evidence, from plants in situ (during field trips) validated Coccothrinax acuminata also merits and from 126 herbarium specimens of careful analysis. The specimen chosen as the Coccothrinax collected in western Cuba led the lectotype is K000462859 ( http://specimens.kew. main author to the preliminary conclusion org/herbarium/K000462859 ) deposited at Kew that all specimens previously designated as (Fig. 3), because Beccari used the material for 45 PALM S Moya López & Méndez Santos : Coccothrinax Vol. 62(1) 2018 types in any publications. In this article, a total of 19 new isolectotypes are indicated, among which, in addition to those previously mentioned, are those existing in BRU, FI, GH, NY, P and US. In later years, Beccari (1913), Burret (1929) and Dahlgren (1936) accepted the name Coccothrinax acuminata , but León (1939) considered it to be synonymous with C. miraguama (Kunth) Becc. var. miraguama . Many authors (León 1946, Muñiz & Borhidi 1982, Henderson, Galeano & Bernal 1995, Moya & Leiva 2000, Govaerts & Dransfield, 2005, Govaerts et al.
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