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Subject 429..438 429 Subject Index a absorption 278 b absorption-pressure number 153f. bead-and-necklace 358 acrylamide (AAm) 40 bending energy 281 adhesion 206f., 210, 214, 216 bifluid 277f., 301 adsorbed amount 366ff., 372ff. bilayer 285 adsorption 159, 412 bimorph force sensor 175 – energy 263 bioaffinity 52 – isotherm 366ff., 378 bioavailability 409 – length 157 biodegradability 411 – parameters 255 biopolymers 131 – specific 268, 272 bioprobe 52 aggregation 84f., 93f. biotinylation 419 – diffusion-limited (DLA) 96ff., 105ff. Bjerrum length 327 – number 346ff., 356ff. black spots 405 – reaction-limited (RLA) 96, 106ff. blob 328 alkali metal n-dodecyl sulfates 247 block copoly(oxyalylene) 66ff. alkanethiol 16 – critical micelle temperature 66ff. alloy 1, 10, 38f., 48 – gelation of micellar solutions 74f. alumina 106f., 115 – micellar properties 66ff. amphoteric surfaces 272 – mixed micellar systems 75 angle hysteresis 288 – molecular characterization 65f. anionic micelles 245 – relative hydrophobicity 67 anionic monolayers 245 – sequential oxyanionic polymerisation anionic polymerization 413 64 annealing 34, 46 – solubilization of griseofulvin 68ff. antibodies 420 – solubilization of poorly soluble drugs apolipoproteins 416 61ff. aqueous phase 279 blood-brain barrier (BBB) 417 arrays, two-dimensional 283f. – in vitro model 418 asphaltene aggregates 138, 144 – permeability 418 asphaltenes 136 Boltzmann equation 251 atomic force microscopy (AFM) 107, 112, Boltzmann weights 256 125, 134, 173, 179ff., 313, 315ff., 329ff. bottle test 124, 136, 141 – contact mode 181 Bragg-Williams approximation 241, – non-contact mode 181 253, 258, 264, 343 – tapping mode 181 Brewster angle microscopy 129 – tip 180 bridging 277, 281, 287, 360, 388ff. avidin-biotin 420 – forces 215f. azidothymidine (AZT) 423 Colloids and Interface Science Series, Vol. 3 Colloid Stability and Application in Pharmacy. Edited by Tharwat F. Tadros Copyright © 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim ISBN: 978-3-527-31463-8 430 Subject Index c complement system 415 cantilever 180, 187, 315 complex salt 363f. capillary complexation 87 – balance 400f., 407 compressibility constraint 253 – electrophoresis 417 compressibility relation 249 – force 155, 212f. confinement effect 318 – pressure 310, 400, 403ff. confocal laser scanning microscopy – surface waves 158, 164 (CLSM) 125 carbon content 21 conformational constraints 257 carbon nanotubes 180f. CoNi 39 b-casein 134 constant-compliance region 180, 183, caspase-3 inhibitor 422 191f., 202 cell design 399 contact angle 280, 288, 407 cell separation 47 contrast agent 2 cellulose derivative 374, 376 cooperative binding 342ff., 353, 374 ceramics 92 copolymers 64ff., 412 cetyltrimethylammonium bromide – amphiphilic diblock 323 (CTAB) 10 – silicone 140 charge-coupled device (CCD) 400 core-shell 30ff., 48ff. charge-determining ions 235 counterion attraction 264 charge-potential curve 264 covalent grafting 412 charge regulation 199 critical aggregation concentration 343, charge reversal 199ff., 356, 360 347ff., 377, 390 chemical demulsifiers 140 critical micelle concentration 66ff., 245, chemical force microscope (CFM) 210 247, 339, 348, 351, 354, 358, 380, 382, chemical potential 252 386 – standard-state 252 – shift 273 chitosan 380f., 385, 389f. critical wavelength 164, 166, 170 citric acid (CA) 4, 21, 27, 29, 52 cross-linking reaction 419 citrate see citric acid crude oil viscosity 139 clays 138 Curie temperature 4, 54 Cleveland method 188 cyclodextrins (CD) 62, 79ff. coacervate 353 – effect on liposome stability 87ff. co-adsorption 373ff. cylinder-to-lamella transition 63 coagulation 91ff. – concentration 234 d – critical 233 dark dot 405 – electrolyte-induced 105ff. Debye-Hückel theory 327 cobalt acetylacetonate 30 Debye-Scherrer calculation 23 coercivity 30, 34, 39 deflocculation 288 collision efficiency 99 dendrimers 62 collision frequency 96 depletion 218 colloidal carriers 409 – attraction 218f. – conventional 410 – forces 194f., 322 colloidal delivery systems 79 – interaction 218, 2210 colloidal forces 194 – zone 218 colloidal parameter 9 Derjaguin approximation 102f., 184, colloidal probe (CP) 179, 185f., 215, 198, 209, 211 315ff., 330ff. Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek colloidal suspensions 91 (DLVO) colloidal systems 231, 307, 397 – forces 162ff., 309 common black film (CBF) 309, 312, 314, – theory 105, 107f., 115, 151, 198, 199, 331f. 202, 223 Subject Index 431 Derjaguin-Muller-Toporov (DMT) theory electron magnetic resonance 52 209, 223 electron microscopy 125 Derjaguin-Scheludko force balance 158f. – high-resolution (HRTEM) 13, 38, 45, 53 desorption 368, 376ff., 386ff. – scanning (SEM) 20, 43, 125 dialyses 339 – transmission lectron microscopy (TEM) dielectric constant 259, 262, 271 13ff., 22f., 26ff., 36ff., 46ff., 125 dielectric displacement 250 electrostatic correlation forces 359 dielectric permittivity 249ff., 268 electrostatic interaction 164, 167 differential capacitance 237f. – double-layer 213 diffuse double-layer 198 electrostatic potential 250 – interaction 198 electrostatics 327 dimple 155ff. ellipsometry 365ff., 376ff. dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) emulsification-solvent evaporation 414 80ff. emulsion 121, 151, 277f., 287, 299, 303, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) 400 80ff. – characterization 124ff. direct microcalorimetry 244 – coalescence 123, 131ff., 139, 277f., disjoining pressure 154, 157, 159ff., 175, 281f., 288 198, 309ff., 400, 407 – creaming 122, 133, 288 – isotherms 308, 323ff., 330 – crystallization 126 disjoining force 155 – destabilization 149 dispersion, oil-in-water see emulsion – droplet size distribution 126, 132, 137 dissimilar surfaces 199 – food 130ff. DNA 27, 316, 346, 377ff. – mass transfer 123 DNA self-assembly 27 – microgravity 123 Donnan expulsion 240 – mixed 121 double-layer capacitance – multiple 121, 300 double-layer charge 241 – oil-in-water 43, 279, 307 double-layer force 386, 390 – particle-stabilized 278, 300, 304 doxorubicin 423 – polymerization 39ff., 413 drainage curves 325 – sedimentation 122 dressed micelle 355 – simple 121 drop size 287 – stability 119, 122, 133, 137, 141 droplet 307, 400 see also Ostwald ripening, flocculation drug delivery 47 – stabilization 299 drug solubilization 68 – water-in-oil 136f., 279, 279, 307 – by block copolymer gels 74 endocytosis 418 dual polarization interferometry (DPI) enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) 379ff. effects 411 Dupré equation 209 environmental remediation 2 dynamic light scattering (DLS) 8f., 24, Esin-Markov coefficient 239 43, 366, 372 excess film energy 404 excluded volume 253, 272 e experimental allergic encephalomyelitis electric double layer (EDL) 106ff., 239 417 – forces 101, 106 – interactions 197, 219 f – repulsion 104, 108 FePt 1, 30ff. electrified interfaces 231 ferric hydroxide 5, 24, 49, 53 – solid/liquid 248 ferric salts 23 electron diffraction (ED) 17f., 27f., 36, 52 ferrihydrite (FHYD) 53 – rings 31 ferrite 2 – selected area (SAED) 30ff., 54 – cobalt 2, 19, 35ff. 432 Subject Index – copper 19 Gibbs energy 253 ferrofluid 2, 6, 42, 47f. – binding 248 film core effects 308, 330 – chemical part 232 film drainage 332 – electric part 232 film forces 323 – for pair interaction 245 film tension 406f. – of adsorption 237, 241f. film thickness 320 – of hydration 242 Finke’s method 13 – of micellization 246 floc fragmentation 94 Gibbs-Duhem relation 258 floc size distribution (FSD) 92, 112ff. Gibbs-Helmholtz relationship 246 flocculation 91ff., 109, 123, 278, 289 9L gliosarcoma model 418 – bridging 111ff., 213 D-gluconate 13 – equation (PBE) 105, 107, 110 gold 10, 16 – mathematical model 93 Gouy-Chapman approach 198 – model 94 gravitational force 403 – population balance griseofulvin, solubilization by block Flory-Huggins (FH) theory 67, 248, copolymer micelles 63, 68ff. 264f. Gurney-type of binding 245 Flory-Huggins parameter 233, 254, 267 fluorescein 322 h fluorescence probe 352 Hamaker constant 105f., 108, 110, 114, fluorescence quenching 361 169 foam 277f., 294f., 303, 307, 330, 397 – non-retarded 100f., 107 – lamella 398, 401 Hamaker theory 107 – superstable 303 Helmholtz layers food 130 – inner 198 – low molecular weight surfactants – outer 198 130 hematite 5, 8, 23f., 27, 45, 40, 105f., – polysaccharides 131 109ff. – surfactant interfacial complex 134 high-density disk 48 force measurements 183 high-performance electromagnetic devices force modulation microscopy 223 29 force-volume imaging 210 high-performance liquid chromatography fractal dimension (HPLC) 16 – floc 110 Hill equation 348 – mass 96, 108, 114 histogram 36f. frictional force microscopy (FFM) 181, HLB values 140 223 Hofmeister series see lyotropic series fringes of equal chromatic order (FECO) 231, 233 316 homopolymers 79, 86 Frumkin-Fowler-Guggenheim (FFG) horseradish peroxidase 423 isotherm 241 hydration 210 Fuchs’ stability ratio 99 – enthalpy 244 fusion 85 – entropy 244 – repulsion 103 g hydrazine 5, 8, 10 gas-liquid chromatography 68 hydrodynamic drag 194 Gear’s predictor-corrector technique 105 hydrodynamic thickness 366 gel 301 hydrophilicity 287f., 415 gel permeation chromatography (GPC) hydrophobic interaction 206, 350ff., 65 376, 391 gelation of mixed micellar systems 74f. hydrophobicity 277, 287f. generic phenomena 232 hysteresis 30, 32f. Subject Index 433 i l immunoliposomes 420 b-lactoglobulin 134f. immunonanoparticles 422 LaMer’s method 13, 51 inductively coupled plasma atomic Langevin function 27, 49 emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) Langmuir balance 129 36, 53 Langmuir isotherm 342, 358 inks 92 Langmuir-Blodgett
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