Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VII ISSUE- XI NOVEMBER 2020 e-JOURNAL 6.293 2349-638x

History and Geography of Region Dr. Pravin J. Nadre Dnyanopasak College () [email protected]

A territory in the present State of Maharashtra. Its Geographical boundaries are not definite, but they have changed over time, and the names of the regions have changed. Since 1982, the seven districts of , , Parbhani, , Osmanabd, Jalna and together have been commonly called Marathwada. Area 64,286.7 sq. Km. Population - 18,721,872(2011) The Region of Marathwada was included in the Dakshinapath of Rig-Veda, Dandakarnya in Dakshinapath in Ramayana and Matsya Purana. It seems that different parts of Marathwada had different names Since the age of Mahabharata.

A) Geography of Marathawada:- The route from to Sopara via Aurangabad, while the route connecting the Pratishtan to was through Ajanta and uldhana and Jalgon districts of Maharashtra are B Barhanpur. It cannot be said that Marathwada was situated in the North of Marathwada and Nasik and very dynamic in. AHemadnagar Districts are in the west. In the south B) History of Marathawada:- is Those And Districts of According to Archaeologists, human and and districts habitation in Marathwada. It has been around for of Maharashtra. The region of Marathwada. Is 70,000 years. In 1865, Wayne, a Geologist, fauns mainly Composed of basalt black rock. The southern Medieval stone tools at Mungi near Paithan. This plateau of Marathwada averages 381 mtr. Above sea was the first Paleolithic weapon found in level is a high. Naturally, Marathwada falls into Maharashtra. Ever since man started a stable life, it Two Parts. has existed in Marathwada. Not only was that, but The rivers Godavari, and Manjra are the first farmers of Maharashtra found by large and Important in this region. The silt in archaeologist at Apegaon, the birthplace of Shri the Godavari Basin Several Meters Deep. It seems Dnyaneshwar.Excavations have uncovered the that human beings have been attracted to remains of copper stone houses, colored shells, grain Marathwada since the Stone Age due to this natural and stone tools. The Period of of this settlement etc. fertility, a large project called Jaykwadi has been C.E. 1554 has been converted to Carbon-14 method. constructed at aithan. Shriganeshwar Udyan is also According to the description in the Puranas, some being built there on the lines of Vrindavan Udyan in parts of Marathwada seem to be in the kingdom of .Apart from the above three major rivers, Nand. Nov-Nandadera is also known as Nanded. there are many other rivers and tributaries in the According to Encyclopedias, Paithan was their Region. The climate is slightly dry. Places like southern capital. Later in ’s there article, Paithan, Bhokardhan, Devgiri, and Ter in there are a mention of Petunias, i.e. the People of Marathwada were on trade routes in ancient Paithan. Marathwada came to prominence during the Times.The Perilous of the Erytheian Sea that region of the . Paithan Paithan and Ter were connected to Bhadoch in one (Pratishthan) was the capital of the first and the way or another. The second route is Chalisgaon, largest empire in the Gautamiputra satkarni saved Ellora. Maharashtra by defeating enemies like Nahapan and the folk that time. After the Satavahnas, Avakatak

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Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VII ISSUE- XI NOVEMBER 2020 e-JOURNAL 6.293 2349-638x ruled cover some parts of Marathwada. During his against the Nizam at Palkhed (1728), (1760), region paintings were done in some Caves of Rakshasbhuavan (1763), Kharda (1795). In 1795 the Ajanta. Currently, this king edited a book like territory of Marathwada was handed over by the Gathasaptashati which reflects the folk life of that Nizam after the death of Sawai Madhavrao. It was time. After Wakataka, the kings of Chalukya recaptured by the Nizam. Under the auspices of dynasty came in contact with Marathwada. After that the Grajas, the Nizam ruled over Marathwada till the the Rashtrakuta dynasty ruled here from 744 to 973. merger of the Sansthan with were in full one of their sub capitals were at in swing under the leadership of Nanded districts. The unique Caves at Ellora were Congress. Religious groups like Razakara persecuted excavated during his regin. More than a Hundred the people of Marathwada, however. inscriptions from the kalyani chalukya period are Shrinivasrao Bothikar, Muralidharrao Kamatik found in Nanded, and Parbhani ar, Digambarrao Bindu Shamrao, Bhagvanrao districts. This king built artistic temples in these Ganjwe, Hutatma Pa nasre, Hutatma Eklare, districts. During the sixth vikramaditya period grants Damodar Pangrekar, Manikchand Pahade, were given to schools and Mahaghatishanas Babsaheb Paranjape, etc. the Church resolutely (colleges). In some parts of Marathwada, resisted. The Government of took police action Kalchuris and their descendants ruled for twenty from 13 to 17 sept. 1948, Surrendered to Nizam and years, the records say. Marathwada became very annexed the state of Hyderabad to the Indian Union. important during the yadav dynasty. The fifth On Nov. 1956 Marathwada was incorporated into Bhilama of the Yadav dynasty moved the capital to the bilingual State of and may 01, 1960, it Devgiri in 1175 and built the Devgiri fort there. was incorporated as a constituent state of the state of During the yadav period are in Marathwada made Maharashtra. progress on all fields, especially. Many temples of C) Important Places:- yadav period are in Marathwada, and they are known Gangathadi is one of the most fertile regions as hemadpanti. Hemadri and Hemadpant were the in Maharashtra and some of the towns like Paithan. Courtiers of the learned Yadav. He wrote Book Ter, Bhokardan and Daultabad are notable in terms “Chaturvargachintamani”. Ramchandra (1271 to of the beginnings of Civilization. The town of 1311) was the last king of the yadvas to reach his Paithan on the banks of the God Gained importance zenith during the Rigon of Marathwada. Fascinated as a Pilgrimage site. From the pottery and sculptures by the Splendor of Devgiri Allahuddin Khilji found here, it clear that Paithan had trade relations aviated the south. Ramchandra yadav had to make an with Rome, Greece etc. Bhokardhan Nagar in insulting pact after losing. Later Malik Aurangabad district flourished during the kafur attacked Devgiri. Devgiri fell into it. The Sathvahanas on the trade route from to Ujjain. yadava kingdom went to lass. After Marathwada is famous for its caves at Ajanta and khilji, Tughlaq came to the throne of . Among Ellora. Its and its sanctuary. Although them, Muhammad Tughlaq renamed the capital of there are Sculptors in the Caves of Ajanta, Ellora Delhi, Halve Devagiri, as Daultabad after Tughlaq they are world famous for their Murals. Queen in the most of Marathwada was included in the Bahamani death bed in the cave N0. 16 of Ajanta, No.01 in kingdom. In 1538 the Bahamani kingdom was Padmapani, Vajrapani, and Kali Rani. The pictures divided into five parts, and the region of are amazing. Apart from these, in Marathwada, Marathwada was also divided into Adilshahi, Aurangabad, Dharashiv, Kharose, Ambejogai, Iimadshahi, Kutubshahi, Baridshahi and Soygaon, Pitalkhore etc. There are Caves in Nizamshahi.Later in 1633, Shahajahn the Palce. Marathwada is famous as a holy land there Mughal king conquered Daulatabad. His son are some Pilgrimage Sites there. , was here for some time as Subhedar of (dist. ), Grishneshwar (dist. Aurangabad), the south. After this, the Asafjahi dynasty, the Parali Vaijnath (dist. Beed) have jyotirlingas, , ruled Marathwada from 1724. while yogeshwari in Ambejogai, in Mahur The Marathas defeated the Nizam of many battles and Tuljabhavani in are also famous.

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Aayushi International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (AIIRJ) PEER REVIEW IMPACT FACTOR ISSN VOL- VII ISSUE- XI NOVEMBER 2020 e-JOURNAL 6.293 2349-638x

Special yatra are performed here on Navratri. Apart References:- from this. The Temples are in Marathathwada. There 1) Wikipedia, vol 12. is a Tomb of and a Big 2) History of Marathwada- Dr. Anil Kathare, Gurudwara in Nanded. The forts at Devagiri, educational pub., Aurangabad, pp-05 to 28. Naldurg, Paranda are also famous. The Bibi ka 3) and Marathwada: trapped in a vicious cycle-Hindustan times Mausoleum, Modeled on the Taj Mahal in 4) Ancient Indian History and Civilization- Aurangabad, is a tourist Attraction. Dnyaneshwaradi Sailendra Nath Sen (1999). ISBN Brothers, , Visobakhechar, Gora Kumbhar, 9788122411980. Janabai, Jagmitra Naga, Sena Nhavi (Bidar), 5) Maharashtra government’s website. Janardhan Swami, Bhanudas, Eknath, are all Saintsa born in the land of Mandalay Marathwada. In modern times, this tradition can be traced back to Nath Sampradayi Gunda Maharaj, Samarth Sampradayi Sridharswami. Apartfrom These, Gitarnavkar Dasopant, Adikavi Mukundraj, Shivkalyan, Bhaskarbhat Borikar, Krishnadas, Janijanardhan, Gopalnath, Madhavmuni, Amritrai, Uddhachid Ghan, Vaman Pandit are all poets from Marathwada.

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