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MANTILLA MARQUEZ JUAN CARLOS.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRICOLA MENCION AGROINDUSTRIAL ELABORACIÓN DE UN SNACK A BASE DE CARNE DE RANA TORO (Lithobates catesbeianus) TRABAJO EXPERIMENTAL Trabajo de titulación presentado como requisito para la obtención del título de INGENIERO AGRÍCOLA MENCIÓN AGROINDUSTRIAL AUTOR MANTILLA MÁRQUEZ JUAN CARLOS TUTOR Ec. ALEX IBARRA VELÁSQUEZ M.Sc. PORTADA GUAYAQUIL – ECUADOR 2021 PORTADA 2 UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRÍCOLA CON MENCIÓN AGROINDUSTRIAL APROBACIÓN DEL TUTOR Yo, IBARRA VELÁSQUEZ ALEX AURELIO , docente de la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador, en mi calidad de Tutor, certifico que el presente trabajo de titulación: ELABORACIÓN DE UN SNACK A BASE DE CARNE DE RANA TORO (Lithobates catesbeianus), realizado por el estudiante MANTILLA MÁRQUEZ JUAN CARLOS; con cédula de identidad N° 0924055940 de la carrera INGENIERÍA AGRÍCOLA CON MENCIÓN AGROINDUSTRIAL Unidad Académica Guayaquil, ha sido orientado y revisado durante su ejecución; y cumple con los requisitos técnicos exigidos por la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador; por lo tanto se aprueba la presentación del mismo. Atentamente, Ec. Alex Ibarra Velázquez Guayaquil, 14 de junio del 2021. 3 UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRARIAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRÍCOLA MENCIÓN AGROINDUSTRIAL APROBACIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL DE SUSTENTACIÓN Los abajo firmantes, docentes designados por el H. Consejo Directivo como miembros del Tribunal de Sustentación, aprobamos la defensa del trabajo de titulación: “ELABORACIÓN DE UN SNACK A BASE DE CARNE DE RANA TORO (Lithobates catesbeianus)”, realizado por el estudiante MANTILLA MÁRQUEZ JUAN CARLOS el mismo que cumple con los requisitos exigidos por la Universidad Agraria del Ecuador. Atentamente, Ing. Daniel Borbor Suarez, M.Sc. PRESIDENTE Ing. María Aguayo Santistevan, M.Sc. PhD. Alondra Idrovo. EXAMINADOR PRINCIPAL EXAMINADOR PRINCIPAL Ec. Alex Ibarra Velásquez, M.Sc. EXAMINADOR SUPLENTE Guayaquil, 4 de junio del 2021 4 Dedicatoria A Dios, por darme siempre las fuerzas para continuar en lo adverso, por guiarme en el sendero de lo sensato y darme sabiduría en las situaciones difíciles. A mi madre y abuelos, porque son un especial apoyo a lo largo de mi vida, por sus consejos, su amor y por ser los mejores ejemplos para seguir. A mis amigos, los pollos hermanos, por los grandes momentos de felicidad y de diversas emociones que siempre me han brindado. 5 Agradecimiento A Dios, qué, con su infinito amor y bendiciones, ilumina cada segundo de mi vida. A mi madre y abuelos, Silvia Márquez, Graciela Espinoza y Enrique Márquez quienes me han guiado con su ejemplo de constancia por el camino del saber, y con su esfuerzo, amor y dedicación me han dado un mejor porvenir. A mi novia, Ruth Guilcapi, quien siempre me dio fuerzas, aliento y su apoyo incondicional para seguir adelante en esta larga odisea académica. A mis demás familiares paternos y maternos que me dieron esa seguridad y fortaleza para cumplir una fase más de mi vida. A mi prima, María Isabel Pino Mantilla, la cual me brindó su ayuda desde el primer momento de ingreso en la carrera y sin ella, nada de esto sería posible. 6 Autorización de Autoría Intelectual Yo Juan Carlos Mantilla Márquez, en calidad de autor(a) del proyecto realizado, sobre “ELABORACIÓN DE UN SNACK A BASE DE CARNE DE RANA TORO (Lithobates catesbeianus)” para optar el título de Ingeniero Agrícola Mención Agroindustrial, por la presente autorizo a la UNIVERSIDAD AGRARIA DEL ECUADOR, hacer uso de todos los contenidos que me pertenecen o parte de los que contienen esta obra, con fines estrictamente académicos o de investigación. Los derechos que como autor me correspondan, con excepción de la presente autorización, seguirán vigentes a mi favor, de conformidad con lo establecido en los artículos 5, 6, 8; 19 y demás pertinentes de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual y su Reglamento. Guayaquil, junio 14 del 2021 MANTILLA MÁRQUEZ JUAN CARLOS C.I. 0924055940 7 Índice general PORTADA ............................................................................................................. 1 APROBACIÓN DEL TUTOR ................................................................................. 2 APROBACIÓN DEL TRIBUNAL DE SUSTENTACIÓN ......................................... 3 Dedicatoria ........................................................................................................... 4 Agradecimiento .................................................................................................... 5 Autorización de Autoría Intelectual .................................................................... 6 Índice general ....................................................................................................... 7 Índice de tablas .................................................................................................. 13 Índice de figuras ................................................................................................ 14 Resumen ............................................................................................................. 15 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 16 1. Introducción ................................................................................................... 17 1.1 Antecedentes del problema......................................................................... 17 1.2 Planteamiento y formulación del problema ............................................... 19 1.2.1 Planteamiento del problema ..................................................................... 19 1.3 Justificación de la investigación................................................................. 20 1.4 Delimitación de la investigación ................................................................. 21 1.5 Objetivo general ........................................................................................... 21 1.6 Objetivos específicos .................................................................................. 21 1.7 Hipótesis ....................................................................................................... 22 2. Marco teórico ................................................................................................. 23 2.1 Estado del arte ............................................................................................. 23 8 2.2 Bases teóricas .............................................................................................. 24 2.2.1 Rana toro (Lithobates catesbeianus) ....................................................... 24 2.2.1.1. Taxonomía de la rana toro ................................................................ 25 2.2.1.2. Producción y crianza de la rana toro con fines de consumo......... 25 2.2.1.3. Beneficios nutricionales ................................................................... 26 2.2.1.4. Comercialización ............................................................................... 27 2.2.3 Snack ......................................................................................................... 27 2.2.3.1. Procesos industriales del snack ...................................................... 28 2.2.4 Deshidratación .......................................................................................... 29 2.2.4.1. Definición........................................................................................... 29 2.2.4.2. Ventajas de la deshidratación .......................................................... 30 2.2.4 Estudio de factibilidad .............................................................................. 31 2.3 Marco legal ................................................................................................... 32 2.3.1 Plan nacional para el buen vivir 2017 -2021 ............................................ 33 2.3.2 Norma NINSA/DIGESA x.8 ........................................................................ 34 2.3.2.1. Requisitos microbiológicos, según la norma NINSA/DIGESA ....... 34 3. Materiales y métodos ..................................................................................... 35 3.1 Enfoque de la investigación ........................................................................ 35 3.1.1 Tipo de investigación ................................................................................ 35 3.1.2 Diseño de la investigación ....................................................................... 35 3.2 Metodología .................................................................................................. 35 3.2.1 Variables .................................................................................................... 36 9 3.2.1.1. Variable independiente ..................................................................... 36 3.2.1.2. Variable dependiente ........................................................................ 36 3.2.2 Tratamientos.............................................................................................. 36 3.2.3 Diseño experimental ................................................................................. 36 3.2.4 Recolección de datos ............................................................................... 37 3.2.4.1. Materiales, materia prima y equipos ................................................ 37 3.2.4.1.1 Materias primas................................................................................
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