Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio De Mesquita Filho” Faculdade De Ciências Agronômicas Campus De Botucatu Thaíse

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Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio De Mesquita Filho” Faculdade De Ciências Agronômicas Campus De Botucatu Thaíse UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRONÔMICAS CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU BIONOMIA E COMPORTAMENTO DE Atopozelus opsimus ELKINS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE) MANTIDOS EM Glycaspis brimblecombei MOORE (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) THAÍSE KARLA RIBEIRO DIAS Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia - Proteção de Plantas. BOTUCATU - SP Fevereiro – 2009 UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” FACULDADE DE CIÊNCIAS AGRONÔMICAS CAMPUS DE BOTUCATU BIONOMIA E COMPORTAMENTO DE Atopozelus opsimus ELKINS (HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE) MANTIDOS EM Glycaspis brimblecombei MOORE (HEMIPTERA: PSYLLIDAE) THAÍSE KARLA RIBEIRO DIAS Engenheira Agrônoma Orientador: Prof. Dr. Carlos Frederico Wilcken Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, para obtenção do título de Mestre em Agronomia - Proteção de Plantas. BOTUCATU - SP Fevereiro - 2009 IV ! " ! $ ! % % & % V AGRADECIMENTOS A Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Campus de Botucatu por contribuir de forma impar para o desenvolvimento do país por meio da ciência. Ao Professor Dr. Carlos Frederico Wilcken por aceitar-me como sua orientada partilhar comigo seu conhecimento, seriedade, compromisso e respeito nesses dois anos. Além de educador, em minha vida "você" é mediador de um sonho. A Coordenadoria de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES) pela concessão da bolsa de estudos. A todos os professores do Programa de Pós-graduação em Proteção de Plantas pelos ensinamentos. Ao Consórcio Paulista de Papel e Celulose – Conpacel, unidade de Boa Esperança do Sul, todo apoio durante as coletas e envio de material que deu origem a criação e manutenção dos percevejos em laboratório. Ao Prof. Msc. Hélcio Reinaldo Gil-Santana do Instituto Osvaldo Cruz - RJ que identificou o percevejo aqui estudado, a cada dia demonstrou comprometimento à pesquisa brasileira e a mim, carinho e cuidado sem medida, respondendo pacientemente meus questionamentos, sempre, mesmo em datas tão importantes como Natal e Ano Novo. Aos professores das diversas instituições de ensino e pesquisa envolvidas na realização deste trabalho em especial a Profª. Drª. Vanda Helena Paes Bueno por ceder tão gentilmente, as instalações do Laboratório de Controle Biológico do Departamento de Entomologia da Universidade Federal de Lavras – Lavras, MG. Ao Prof. Dr. João Aristeu da Rosa do Laboratório de Parasitologia da Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas - UNESP (Araraquara), que com muita atenção retirou dúvidas e se dispôs a realizar junto comigo as fotos em MEV. Ao Prof. Mário Cilense por conceder as instalações do Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura do Departamento de Físico-química do Instituto de Química da - UNESP (Araraquara). VI A Profª. Drª. Maria de Lourdes Nascimento minha eterna Mestra, amiga zelosa e companheira de pesquisa, por contribuir de forma ímpar nesta minha trajetória acadêmica, e dividir comigo seu amor pela Entomologia. Daniel Dias Rosa, meu amigo Tank, que prontamente me atendeu e realizou as fotos em Microscopia Óptica, a Patrícia Milano que com muito cuidado fez os desenhos esquemáticos dos insetos. A Profª. Drª. Jana Maruska Buuda da Matta, Tia Jana, que com carinho e muito amor se dispôs a fazer a correção ortográfica. A colaboração dos funcionários do Departamento de Produção Vegetal/Defesa Fitossanitária. Aos funcionários do Laboratório de Controle Biológico de Pragas Florestais com quem convivi e juntos superamos desafios. A Fernanda Paes, ao Prof. Dr. Cláudio A. Agostinho, João Rodrigues e Obdias Oliveira, por ajudar-me a manter a criação do percevejo. Sem o auxílio de vocês, este trabalho não teria sido realizado. Aos colegas da pós-graduação com quem mantenho laços que vão além de profissional, se estendem à amizade sincera, aos risos, abraços, palavras de apoio! Em especial Daniela Firmino Winckler, Amanda Carlos, Everton Soliman, Mário Dal Pogetto, Ricardo Rodrigues e Jaqueline Pereira. Cada um seguirá o seu caminho, talvez em direções opostas... Contudo, em mim permanece a certeza de que a vida nos proporcionará muitos reencontros! Aos amigos Juracy Lins, Emi Lorenzetti, Roselaine Araldi, Adriana Tanaka, Andréa Carvalho, Adilson Pacheco, Simone Ciavatta, Danila Conceição, Luiz Sanches, Rigléia Brauer, Efrain Santana e Adriane Sanches, por que juntos demos risadas, compartilhamos lágrimas de felicidade e de saudade... Demo-nos apoio e força, ambos necessários para a superação dos desafios encontrados longe de casa. Às minhas eternas amigas Lorêta Buuda e Tadeane Pires, as conversas, carinho e ajuda. A todos aqueles que me incluíram em suas orações e aos que de alguma forma contribuíram para a conclusão deste trabalho, meus sinceros agradecimentos. Que o Senhor Jesus recompense de maneira graciosa e abundante todo o empenho disponibilizado. ' % ' % VII SUMÁRIO RESUMO ....................................................................................................................................1 SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................3 1. INTRODUÇÃO.......................................................................................................................4 2. REVISÃO DE LITERATURA ...............................................................................................7 2.1. Bioecologia de Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) .......................7 2.2. Percevejos predadores: agentes biológicos no controle de pragas florestais .................11 2.2.1. Pentatomídeos predadores .......................................................................................11 2.2.2. Reduviídeos predadores...........................................................................................12 2.2.2.1 - Atopozelus opsimus Elkins (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) .....................................14 3. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS...................................................................................................16 3.1. Local ...............................................................................................................................16 3.2. Coleta do percevejo ........................................................................................................16 3.3. Criação e manutenção do predador Atopozelus opsimus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) em laboratório..............................................................................................................................17 3.4. Criação e manutenção da presa Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) em laboratório..............................................................................................................................17 3.5. Descrição morfológica externa de ovos, ninfas e adultos de Atopozelus opsimus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) .......................................................................................................18 3.5.1. Insetos......................................................................................................................18 3.5.2. Microscopia óptica (MO) ........................................................................................18 3.5.3. Asas .........................................................................................................................19 3.5.4. Parâmetros morfométricos.......................................................................................19 3.5.5. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV)...........................................................20 3.6. Biologia de Atopozelus opsimus (Hemíptera: Reduviidae) mantidos em Glycaspis brimblecombei (Hemíptera: Psyllidae)..................................................................................21 3.7. Estudo do comportamento de Atopozelus opsimus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae)................24 4. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO ..........................................................................................27 4.1. Descrição morfológica....................................................................................................27 4.1.1. Descrição do ovo .....................................................................................................27 VIII 4.1.2. Descrição morfológica dos estádios ninfais ............................................................28 4.1.2.1. Primeiro ínstar ..................................................................................................28 4.1.2.2. Segundo ínstar ..................................................................................................30 4.1.2.3. Terceiro ínstar...................................................................................................32 4.1.2.4. Quarto ínstar .....................................................................................................33 4.1.2.5. Quinto ínstar .....................................................................................................33 4.1.3. Fêmea ......................................................................................................................40 4.1.4. Macho ......................................................................................................................44 4.2. Estudo morfométrico cefálico, dos segmentos antenais, tórax
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