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Jorge Luiz Rodrigues Filho UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E RECURSOS NATURAIS ECOLOGIA POPULACIONAL DO CAMARÃO SETE - BARBAS XIPHOPENAEUS KROYERI (HELLER, 1862) E ANÁLISE ECOLÓGICA DA FAUNA ACOMPANHANTE NO LITORAL CATARINENSE. JORGE LUIZ RODRIGUES FILHO SÃO CARLOS 2013 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ECOLOGIA E RECURSOS NATURAIS ECOLOGIA POPULACIONAL DO CAMARÃO SETE - BARBAS XIPHOPENAEUS KROYERI (HELLER, 1862) E ANÁLISE ECOLÓGICA DA FAUNA ACOMPANHANTE NO LITORAL CATARINENSE. Jorge Luiz Rodrigues Filho Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais do Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, como parte dos requisitos para a obtenção do Titulo de Doutor em Ciências. Orientador: Dr. José Roberto Verani Co-Orientador: Dr. Joaquim Olinto Branco SÃO CARLOS 2013 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pelo DePT da Biblioteca Comunitária/UFSCar Rodrigues Filho, Jorge Luiz. R696ep Ecologia populacional do camarão sete – barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) e análise ecológica da fauna acompanhante no litoral catarinense / Jorge Luiz Rodrigues Filho. -- São Carlos : UFSCar, 2013. 104 f. Tese (Doutorado) -- Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. 1. Ecologia de comunidades. 2. Xiphopenaeus kroyeri. 3. Recursos pesqueiros. 4. Fauna acompanhante. 5. Ecossistemas costeiros. I. Título. CDD: 574.5247 (20a) “A todos que compartilharam e que me acompanharam de alguma forma nessa jornada” AGRADECIMENTOS Primeiramente, agradeço a Deus e ao meu São Jorge por todas as bênçãos as quais fui contemplado e que fico impossibilitado de listar neste texto, por falta de memória e espaço; Á minha esposa e eterna companheira Mariana por todo amor, companheirismo, paciência e sorrisos distribuídos ao longo desta jornada e de minha vida; Aos meus pais, heróis e exemplos, Vilma e Jorge, por todo amor e por me motivarem sempre em ir além e buscar o que almejo; As minhas irmãs e aos meus quatro sobrinhos por todo o amor e momentos fantásticos; Aos meus amigos e orientadores, Prof. Dr. José Roberto Verani e Prof. Dr. Joaquim Olinto Branco, exemplos de profissionais e pessoas, por todo incentivo, confiança e conhecimentos oferecidos, os quais foram determinates em minha vida pessoal e cientifica ao longo destes anos de prazerosa convivência; Aos professores Dra. Nelsy Fenerich Verani e Dr. Alberto de Carvalho Peret, pela amizade e apoio para a realização desta tese; Aos professores do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais (UFSCar) pelos ensinamentos ao curso do doutoramento; Aos amigos do Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações de Peixes: Dona Amabíle, Tati, Lia, Alê, Marcela, Claudinei , Jussara e Elisa; Aos amigos do laboratório de Biologia do CTTMar/UNIVALI e, principalmente, ao Fernando Decker, Hélio e Jurandir, pela realização das coletas, amizade e convívio; Aos funcionários do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais; Ao Marcelinho e ao Farofa por toda a companhia prazerosa em meu solidário trabalho; Ao CNPq pelo apoio financeiro em forma da bolsa de doutorado; RESUMO A pesca do camarão sete-barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri é realizada em todo litoral brasileiro, tendo uma significativa importância econômica, social e cultural. Essa modalidade é considerada predatória pela baixa seletividade das redes e impactante por danificar substancialmente o substrato e a comunidade bentônica, porém, por outro lado, é eficiente na captura da espécie-alvo. Nesta tese os resultados de arrastos camaroeiros do litoral de Santa Catarina foram analisados com diferentes enfoques, levando a elaboração de três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo, buscou-se analisar a distribuição das capturas do camarão sete-barbas e seus aspectos populacionais na Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, SC, ao longo de um ciclo anual em diferentes profundidades de amostragem. No segundo capítulo foi explorada uma série de dados de treze anos da abundância de espécies relativa a toda comunidade capturada na mesma área de estudo (Armação do Itapocoroy) de modo a se evidenciar padrões ecológicos ao longo dos anos. No ultimo capítulo, amostras de arrastos em diferentes pontos de pesca na praia da Pinheira, município de Palhoça, foram analisadas para se checar como os fatores abióticos influenciam a composição específica e os descritores ecológicos das assembleias de peixes. Considerando os três estudos, conclui-se que o camarão sete-barbas não apresentou estratificação populacional entre as isóbatas, entretanto foi observado um maior contingente de jovens em áreas mais rasas, que não estão protegidos de forma adequada pelo período de defeso atual. Quanto à fauna acompanhante, houve elevadas oscilações das composições especificas e dos descritores ecológicos ao longo do tempo, contudo o padrão de possuírem poucas espécies abundantes e frequentes e um elevado contingente de espécies raras e infrequentes foi mantido nos locais estudados. ABSTRACT Throughout the Brazilian coast, fisheries for the seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri, can be found, having significant economic, social and cultural importance. With the low selectivity of the nets, these highly predatory fisheries causes substantial damage to the substrate and benthic community, however being very efficient in catching the target species. In this thesis the data from shrimp trawls of the coast of Santa Catarina were analyzed from different perspectives, resulting in three chapters. In the first chapter, we sought to analyze the distribution of the catch of the seabob shrimp and aspects of its population in Armação do Itapocoroy Penha, SC, over an annual cycle at different sampling depths. In the second chapter we explored the abundance data gathered over thirteen years for other species captured in the same study area, in order to highlight ecological patterns of the community over time. In the last chapter, trawl samples from different fishing spots of the Pinheira beach, Palhoça County, were analyzed in order to check how abiotic factors influences the species composition and ecological descriptors of the fish assemblage. Considering the three studies, it was concluded that the seabob shrimp population shows no stratification between the isobaths, however a large number of young shrimp is found in shallow areas that are not adequately protected by the current closed season. Regarding the bycatch, there were high oscillations of in the specific composition as well as for the ecological descriptors over time, but the pattern of having few common and abundant species and a large number of rare, infrequent species, was seen in all study sites. SUMÁRIO APRESENTAÇÃO……………………………………………………………….. pg. 01 INTRODUÇÃO GERAL ………………………………………………………… pg. 03 Bibliografia..................................................................................................... pg. 08 CAPÍTULO I - Distribuição espaço-temporal das capturas do camarão sete- barbas na Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, SC. pg. 14 Abstract e Resumo.......................................................................................... pg. 14 Introdução....................................................................................................... pg. 15 Material e Métodos......................................................................................... pg. 16 Resultados....................................................................................................... pg. 18 Discussão........................................................................................................ pg. 27 Conclusão.............................................................................................. pg. 30 Agradecimentos.............................................................................................. pg. 30 Referências..................................................................................................... pg. 31 CAPÍTULO II - Estrutura e características ecológicas do bycatch composto por peixes e macroinvertebrados bentônicos capturado ao longo de treze anos de monitoramento no litoral sul brasileiro.......................... pg. 35 Abstract e Resumo.......................................................................................... pg. 36 Introdução....................................................................................................... pg. 38 Material e Métodos......................................................................................... pg. 41 Resultados....................................................................................................... pg. 41 Discussão........................................................................................................ pg. 49 Agradecimentos.............................................................................................. pg. 55 Referências..................................................................................................... pg. 55 CAPÍTULO II - Seasonality of ichthyofauna bycatch in shrimp trawls from different depth strata in the southern brazilian coast. pg. 71 Resumo e Abstract.......................................................................................... pg. 72 Introduction..................................................................................................... pg. 74 Material and Methods..................................................................................... pg.
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