Ebla and the Amorites
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Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power
University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-7-2014 Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power in the Bronze Age: A Characterization Study of Ceramics from Bronze Age Sites in Kuwait Hasan Ashkanani University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Scholar Commons Citation Ashkanani, Hasan, "Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power in the Bronze Age: A Characterization Study of Ceramics from Bronze Age Sites in Kuwait" (2014). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4980 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Interregional Interaction and Dilmun Power in the Bronze Age: A Characterization Study of Ceramics from Bronze Age Sites in Kuwait by Hasan J. Ashkanani A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Robert H. Tykot, Ph.D. Thomas J. Pluckhahn, Ph.D. E. Christian Wells, Ph.D. Jonathan M. Kenoyer, Ph.D. Jeffrey Ryan, Ph.D. Date of Approval April 7, 2014 Keywords: Failaka Island, chemical analysis, pXRF, petrographic thin section, Arabian Gulf Copyright © 2014, Hasan J. Ashkanani DEDICATION I dedicate my dissertation work to the awaited savior, Imam Mohammad Ibn Al-Hasan, who appreciates knowledge and rejects all forms of ignorance. -
Hanigalbat and the Land Hani
Arnhem (nl) 2015 – 3 Anatolia in the bronze age. © Joost Blasweiler student Leiden University - [email protected] Hanigal9bat and the land Hana. From the annals of Hattusili I we know that in his 3rd year the Hurrian enemy attacked his kingdom. Thanks to the text of Hattusili I (“ruler of Kussara and (who) reign the city of Hattusa”) we can be certain that c. 60 years after the abandonment of the city of Kanesh, Hurrian armies extensively entered the kingdom of Hatti. Remarkable is that Hattusili mentioned that it was not a king or a kingdom who had attacked, but had used an expression “the Hurrian enemy”. Which might point that formerly attacks, raids or wars with Hurrians armies were known by Hattusili king of Kussara. And therefore the threatening expression had arisen in Hittite: “the Hurrian enemy”. Translation of Gary Beckman 2008, The Ancient Near East, editor Mark W. Chavalas, 220. The cuneiform texts of the annal are bilingual: Babylonian and Nesili (Hittite). Note: 16. Babylonian text: ‘the enemy from Ḫanikalbat entered my land’. The Babylonian text of the bilingual is more specific: “the enemy of Ḫanigal9 bat”. Therefore the scholar N.B. Jankowska1 thought that apparently the Hurrian kingdom Hanigalbat had existed probably from an earlier date before the reign of Hattusili i.e. before c. 1650 BC. Normally with the term Mittani one is pointing to the mighty Hurrian kingdom of the 15th century BC 2. Ignace J. Gelb reported 3 on “the dragomans of the Habigalbatian soldiers/workers” in an Old Babylonian tablet of Amisaduqa, who was a contemporary with Hattusili I. -
"Ancient Terqa and Its Temple of Ninkarrak: the Excavations of The
ANCIENT TERQA AND ITS TEMPLE OF NINKARRAK: THE EXCAVATIONS OF THE FIFTH AND SIXTH SEASONS Renata M. Liggett Assistant Director, Joint Expedition to Terqa Doctoral Student, Near Eastern Languages & Cultures-UCLA Introduction The historical record of an ancient region can be traced archaeologically by artifactual, archival, linguistic, artistic, architectural and ceramic records. In the developments of the past few years at, for instance, Tell Mardikh in northern Syria, a single resource, such as a grammatical element or mention of a fdreign ruler, can provide the basis or a clue for a new interpretation of the material. The excavations at Terqa are intended to incorporate all manner of data into a reconstruction of the historical record of the Mid-Euphrates region. This article provides a brief overview of the recent archaeological discoveries, which, applied to the many facets of research surrounding the ancient city of Terqa and its environs, will produce a solid understanding of a particular region at various crucial times in the history of ancient Syria. Ongoing contributions to this goal include philological research, particularly involving onomastics and applied computer technology, sphragistic (cylinder seal) analysis by an encoded com- puter data base, particularly of the Old Babylonian and Khana periods, chronological assessment of ceramic types, partly by atomic absorption sourcing techniques, and a continuing development of an advanced methodology, especially stratigraphic analysis, again applying computer technology. Associated projects also include innovations in archaeological equipment, tested on-site at Terqa, such as an instrument for overhead aerial photography. Most recently, an important orgspic geochemical study conducted on ancient samples of asphalt from Terqa /~aturq,Vol. -
Three Conquests of Canaan
ÅA Wars in the Middle East are almost an every day part of Eero Junkkaala:of Three Canaan Conquests our lives, and undeniably the history of war in this area is very long indeed. This study examines three such wars, all of which were directed against the Land of Canaan. Two campaigns were conducted by Egyptian Pharaohs and one by the Israelites. The question considered being Eero Junkkaala whether or not these wars really took place. This study gives one methodological viewpoint to answer this ques- tion. The author studies the archaeology of all the geo- Three Conquests of Canaan graphical sites mentioned in the lists of Thutmosis III and A Comparative Study of Two Egyptian Military Campaigns and Shishak and compares them with the cities mentioned in Joshua 10-12 in the Light of Recent Archaeological Evidence the Conquest stories in the Book of Joshua. Altogether 116 sites were studied, and the com- parison between the texts and the archaeological results offered a possibility of establishing whether the cities mentioned, in the sources in question, were inhabited, and, furthermore, might have been destroyed during the time of the Pharaohs and the biblical settlement pe- riod. Despite the nature of the two written sources being so very different it was possible to make a comparative study. This study gives a fresh view on the fierce discus- sion concerning the emergence of the Israelites. It also challenges both Egyptological and biblical studies to use the written texts and the archaeological material togeth- er so that they are not so separated from each other, as is often the case. -
The Origin of the Terms 'Syria(N)'
Parole de l’Orient 36 (2011) 111-125 THE ORIGIN OF THE TERMS ‘SYRIA(N)’ & SŪRYOYO ONCE AGAIN BY Johny MESSO Since the nineteenth century, a number of scholars have put forward various theories about the etymology of the basically Greek term ‘Syrian’ and its Aramaic counterpart Sūryoyo1. For a proper understanding of the his- tory of these illustrious names in the two different languages, it will prove useful to analyze their backgrounds separately from one another. First, I will discuss the most persuasive theory as regards the origin of the word ‘Syria(n)’. Secondly, two hypotheses on the Aramaic term Sūryoyo will be examined. In the final part of this paper, a new contextual backdrop and sharply demarcated period will be proposed that helps us to understand the introduction of this name into the Aramaic language. 1. THE ETYMOLOGY OF THE GREEK TERM FOR ‘SYRIA(N)’ Due to their resemblance, the ancient Greeks had always felt that ‘Syr- ia(n)’ and ‘Assyria(n)’ were somehow onomastically related to each other2. Nöldeke was the first modern scholar who, in 1871, seriously formulated the theory that in Greek ‘Syria(n)’ is a truncated form of ‘Assyria(n)’3. Even if his view has a few minor difficulties4, most writers still adhere to it. 1) Cf., e.g., the review (albeit brief and inexhaustive) by A. SAUMA, “The origin of the Word Suryoyo-Syrian”, in The Harp 6:3 (1993), pp. 171-197; R.P. HELM, ‘Greeks’ in the Neo-Assyrian Levant and ‘Assyria’ in Early Greek Writers (unpublished Ph.D. dissertation; University of Pennsylvania, 1980), especially chapters 1-2. -
Ancient Near Eastern Studies
Ancient Near Eastern Studies Studies in Ancient Persia Receptions of the Ancient Near East and the Achaemenid Period in Popular Culture and Beyond edited by John Curtis edited by Lorenzo Verderame An important collection of eight essays on and Agnès Garcia-Ventura Ancient Persia (Iran) in the periods of the This book is an enthusiastic celebration Achaemenid Empire (539–330 BC), when of the ways in which popular culture has the Persians established control over the consumed aspects of the ancient Near East whole of the Ancient Near East, and later the to construct new realities. It reflects on how Sasanian Empire: stone relief carvings from objects, ideas, and interpretations of the Persepolis; the Achaemenid period in Baby- ancient Near East have been remembered, lon; neglected aspects of biblical archaeol- constructed, re-imagined, mythologized, or ogy and the books of Daniel and Isaiah; and the Sasanian period in Iran (AD indeed forgotten within our shared cultural memories. 250–650) when Zoroastrianism became the state religion. 332p, illus (Lockwood Press, March 2020) paperback, 9781948488242, $32.95. 232p (James Clarke & Co., January 2020) paperback, 9780227177068, $38.00. Special Offer $27.00; PDF e-book, 9781948488259, $27.00 Special Offer $31.00; hardcover, 9780227177051, $98.00. Special Offer $79.00 PDF e-book, 9780227907061, $31.00; EPUB e-book, 9780227907078, $30.99 Women at the Dawn of History The Synagogue in Ancient Palestine edited by Agnete W. Lassen Current Issues and Emerging Trends and Klaus Wagensonner edited by Rick Bonnie, Raimo Hakola and Ulla Tervahauta In the patriarchal world of ancient This book brings together leading experts in the field of ancient-synagogue Mesopotamia, women were often studies to discuss the current issues and emerging trends in the study of represented in their relation to men. -
A Sketch of North Syrian Economic Relations in the Middle Bronze
A SKETCH OF NORTH SYRIAN ECONOMICRELATIONS IN THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE * BY JACK M. SASSON (The University of North Carolina) Northern Syria of the Middle Bronze Age, as known chiefly from the archives of Mari and Alalah VII, slowly graduatedfrom moments of relative chaos (ca. 2I00-I850) to an age of political stability (ca. I850-I625). Under the able leadership of the Yamhadian dynasty, a feudal system of relationship created one entity out of the whole region.') The evidence at our disposal allows us even to imagine a political and economic Pax Yamhadianawhich, beginning before the fall of Mari, lasted until the rise of the Hittite State and the attacks of Hattusilis I (ca. 625). *) The word 'sketch' in the title is chosen for reasons of necessity. Except for brief illuminations from the 'Cappadocian' texts and those from Egypt, heavy reliance had to be placed on the Mari and Alalah VII documents, and then only when they show evidence of foreign interconnection. The archaeology of Middle Bronze (IIa) Syria, in which the Mari age unfolds, has not been very helpful, simply because not enough North Syrian sites of that age have been excavated. The reports from the 'Amuq region (phase L), 'Atsanah (levels XVI-VIII), testify to a wide- spread use of a painted ware rounded of form, narrow necked, buff, with simple geometric designs (cross-hatching in triangles) within bands (cf. Iraq, I5 (I953), 57-65; Chronologiesin Old WorldArchaeology, p. I72). The material from Ugarit of that age being yet mostly unpublished, one looks forwardto the reports of excavation at Tilmen-Hiiyik, which is probably the site of ancient Ibla (for now, see Orientalia 33 (1964) 503-507; AJA 68 (1964), I55-56; 70 (966), I47). -
Marten Stol WOMEN in the ANCIENT NEAR EAST
Marten Stol WOMEN IN THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Marten Stol Women in the Ancient Near East Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson ISBN 978-1-61451-323-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-61451-263-9 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-5015-0021-3 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 3.0 License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/ Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. Original edition: Vrouwen van Babylon. Prinsessen, priesteressen, prostituees in de bakermat van de cultuur. Uitgeverij Kok, Utrecht (2012). Translated by Helen and Mervyn Richardson © 2016 Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Cover Image: Marten Stol Typesetting: Dörlemann Satz GmbH & Co. KG, Lemförde Printing and binding: cpi books GmbH, Leck ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Table of Contents Introduction 1 Map 5 1 Her outward appearance 7 1.1 Phases of life 7 1.2 The girl 10 1.3 The virgin 13 1.4 Women’s clothing 17 1.5 Cosmetics and beauty 47 1.6 The language of women 56 1.7 Women’s names 58 2 Marriage 60 2.1 Preparations 62 2.2 Age for marrying 66 2.3 Regulations 67 2.4 The betrothal 72 2.5 The wedding 93 2.6 -
From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
REVOLUTIONIZING REVOLUTIONIZING Mark Altaweel and Andrea Squitieri and Andrea Mark Altaweel From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East This book investigates the long-term continuity of large-scale states and empires, and its effect on the Near East’s social fabric, including the fundamental changes that occurred to major social institutions. Its geographical coverage spans, from east to west, modern- day Libya and Egypt to Central Asia, and from north to south, Anatolia to southern Arabia, incorporating modern-day Oman and Yemen. Its temporal coverage spans from the late eighth century BCE to the seventh century CE during the rise of Islam and collapse of the Sasanian Empire. The authors argue that the persistence of large states and empires starting in the eighth/ seventh centuries BCE, which continued for many centuries, led to new socio-political structures and institutions emerging in the Near East. The primary processes that enabled this emergence were large-scale and long-distance movements, or population migrations. These patterns of social developments are analysed under different aspects: settlement patterns, urban structure, material culture, trade, governance, language spread and religion, all pointing at population movement as the main catalyst for social change. This book’s argument Mark Altaweel is framed within a larger theoretical framework termed as ‘universalism’, a theory that explains WORLD A many of the social transformations that happened to societies in the Near East, starting from Andrea Squitieri the Neo-Assyrian period and continuing for centuries. Among other infl uences, the effects of these transformations are today manifested in modern languages, concepts of government, universal religions and monetized and globalized economies. -
Giorgio Buccellati
Il passato ha un’importanza che dura nel tempo. Questo è il filo conduttore del presente libro, come della mostra a cui si accompagna. Giorgio Buccellati La domanda fondamentale che il percorso affronta è: qual è il legame solidale che mantiene uniti i gruppi umani? Nel testo quindi si presentano alcune fasi dello sviluppo della capacità umana di vivere insieme, dal più antico Paleolitico (rappresentato dagli ominini di Dmanisi Giorgio Buccellati nell’odierna Georgia) all’inizio della civiltà (illustrata dal sito di Urkesh in Siria), per concludere con una presentazione dell’importanza dell’archeologia come di- Dal profondo sciplina costruttrice di unità nazionale nella Siria dei giorni nostri. All’origine Oltre a descrivere i dati, la ricerca propone modi di avvicinarsi a un’esperienza della comunicazione umana che, pur interrotta dal profondo distacco temporale, è tuttora viva nei e della comunità valori che impersonava e che vi vuole ancora trasmettere. del nell’antica Siria Un ricco corredo iconografico accompagna i testi, impreziosito da alcuni scatti tratti dalla collezione di Kenneth Garrett (incluso quello di copertina), uno dei più prestigiosi fotografi americani, noto sopratuttto per la sua collaborazione con il «National Geographic». tempo GIORGIO BUCCELLATI è Professor Emeritus nei due dipartimenti di lingue vicino orientali e di storia presso l’Università di California a Los Angeles (UCLA), dove inse- premessa di gna tuttora. Nel 1973 ha fondato l’Istituto di Archeologia (oggi il Cotsen Institute Dal profondo del tempo Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati of Archaeology), di cui fu il primo direttore fino al 1983, e dove è ora Research Pro- fessor e direttore del Laboratorio Mesopotamico. -
The University of Chicago Oriental Institute Seminars Number 2
oi.uchicago.edu i THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE SEMINARS NUMBER 2 Series Editors Leslie Schramer and Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu ii oi.uchicago.edu iii MARGINS OF WRITING, ORIGINS OF CULTURES edited by SETH L. SANDERS with contributions by Seth L. Sanders, John Kelly, Gonzalo Rubio, Jacco Dieleman, Jerrold Cooper, Christopher Woods, Annick Payne, William Schniedewind, Michael Silverstein, Piotr Michalowski, Paul-Alain Beaulieu, Theo van den Hout, Paul Zimansky, Sheldon Pollock, and Peter Machinist THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO ORIENTAL INSTITUTE SEMINARS • NUMBER 2 CHICAGO • ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu iv Library of Congress Control Number: 2005938897 ISBN: 1-885923-39-2 ©2006 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 2006. Printed in the United States of America. The Oriental Institute, Chicago Co-managing Editors Thomas A. Holland and Thomas G. Urban Series Editors’ Acknowledgments The assistance of Katie L. Johnson is acknowledged in the production of this volume. Front Cover Illustration A teacher holding class in a village on the Island of Argo, Sudan. January 1907. Photograph by James Henry Breasted. Oriental Institute photograph P B924 Printed by McNaughton & Gunn, Saline, Michigan The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Infor- mation Services — Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984. oi.uchicago.edu v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................................. -
Arameans in the Neo-Assyrian Empire
Arameans in the Neo-Assyrian Empire: Approaching Ethnicity and Groupness with Social Network Analysis Repekka Uotila MA thesis Assyriology Instructors: Saana Svärd and Tero Alstola Faculty of Arts University of Helsinki May 2021 Tiedekunta/Osasto – Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Humanistinen tiedekunta Tekijä – Författare – Author Uotila Aino Selma Repekka Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Arameans in the Neo-Assyrian Empire: Approaching Ethnicity and Groupness with Social Network Analysis Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Assyriologia Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and Sivumäärä– Sidoantal – Number of pages pro gradu -tutkielma year 80 liitteineen, 60 ilman liitteitä toukokuu 2021 Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Uusassyrialaisen historian aikana assyrialaiset viittasivat kymmeniin eri ryhmiin ”aramealaisina”. Akkadinkielisen termin semanttinen merkitys muuttuu vuosisatojen aikana, kunnes 600-luvun assyrialaisissa lähteissä sitä ei enää juuri käytetä etnonyyminä. Tutkin työssäni, miten perusteltua on olettaa aramealaisten edustavan yhtenäistä etnistä ryhmää 600-luvulla eaa. Tutkimus olettaa, että sekä ryhmän ulkopuoliset, että siihen kuuluvat tunnistavat, kuka on ryhmän jäsen. Mikäli aramealaiset Assyrialaisessa imperiumissa kokivat edustavansa etnistä vähemmistöä ja ”assyrialaisiin” kuulumatonta väestöä, myös heidän sosiaaliset ryhmänsä todennäköisesti sisältäisivät lähinnä muita aramealaisia. Toteutan tutkimuksen sosiaalisen verkostoanalyysin (social network analysis) avulla. Käytän materiaalina Ancient Near Eastern