Gateway Family

HistorianA P u b l i c at i o n o f t h e S T. L o u i s P u b l i c L i b r a r y

Winter 2008 Vol. 8, No. 1 Did You Know? The Walton War (http://www.lib.unc.edu/ncc/ref/nchistory/dec2006/index.html) elcome to the twenty-second Confusion over ownership of and responsibility for a strip of land in the W upper French Broad River valley of what is now Transylvania County, issue of Gateway Family , led to a war of sorts in 1804 between and North Historian. This issue’s focus Carolina: the so-called “Walton War.” The “Orphan Strip” was established is a state that has furnished by Georgia as Walton County in 1803. Officials were appointed to run the county, elections were held, and John Nicholson and John Aiken many immigrants to served as Representatives of Walton County in the Georgia Legislature at Missouri—North Carolina. Milledgeville.

Note: We get back on schedule with this The Walton County area had also been claimed previously at various times issue and have three more great issues by and North Carolina. Some settlers in the area had been planned for you in 2008! issued land grants from South Carolina, others from North Carolina. Holders of grants from South Carolina favored the recently formed Georgia government while holders of North Carolina grants wished to be annexed to that state. In December 1804, Walton County officials and What’s Inside their supporters attempted to consolidate their control of the area. Their efforts led to the death of John Havner, a constable who supported North Page 2 New Arrivals Carolina’s claim to the area. Page 4 Site Seeing A North Carolina militia unit was sent to the upper French Broad River Page 5 Ethnic Spotlight: with orders to remove Georgia’s Walton County government and arrest researching North Carolina the persons responsible for Havner’s death. A North Carolina militia unit Slave Ancestors was sent in, and they arrested ten Walton County officials on charges of conspiring in the plot that resulted in Havner’s death. An uneasy truce then Page 6 They Came From... ensued while the two states tried to work out their differences. The result in north Carolina! an 1807 scientific survey undertaken by a joint commission from Georgia and North Carolina determined that Walton County was in fact part of Page 7 Help! North Carolina. North Carolina recognized the land claims of persons who had been granted land by South Carolina and granted amnesty in Page 8 Contact the Walton County rebellion to all persons except those who were directly implicated in Constable Havner’s death. New Arrivals

1. Atkinson, L. Eugene & Judith 5. Cryer, Leona. Deaths and Burials author, 2006. 929.3778 P. Lowry. Church Cemeteries in St. Mary’s County, Maryland. Includes primarily death records of Lower Hanover County, VA. Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1995. from 1856 to 1911, and an index Image from Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Collection Ashland, VA: the authors, 2004. 929.3752 to selected articles from various 929.3755 Includes name, date of death, and Polk County newspapers. sometimes, names of parents, 2. Atkinson, L. Eugene & Judith spouse, and birthdates. …And Some Venerated P. Lowry. Church Cemeteries of Ancestors Upper Hanover County, VA. 6. Flynn, Janet M. Index Ashland, VA: the authors, 2004. of Waterloo Area Catholic These are just a few of the many 929.3755 Cemeteries. Columbia, IL: Monroe items we own that can assist you Includes name, date of birth, date County Genealogical Society, 2004. in researching your North Carolina of death, parents, and comments. 929.3773 ancestors. Includes many 20th-century Includes SS. Peter & Paul and St. listings. Francis Xavier cemeteries, and 1. Camin, Betty J. & Edwin A. other Catholic burials in the county. North Carolina Bastardy Bonds. 3. Bell, Carol Willsey. Columbiana Includes name, age or date of birth, Mount Airy, NC: the authors, County Ohio Marriages 1800- date of death, spouse or parents, 1990?. 929.3756 1870. Youngstown, OH: Bell cemetery, and source. Index of 18th-century bastardy Books, 1990. 929.3771. bonds. Includes name of mother, Includes names, date of marriage, 7. Weant, Kenneth E. Lafayette date, county, and name of officiant, town of residence, and County, Missouri 4365 Deaths bondsman. sometimes parents’ names. Reported in & Chronological Index to Selected Articles from the 2. DeMond, Robert O. Loyalists 4. Borden, Duane L. & Jeanette Lexington Weekly Intelligencer…. in North Carolina During the C. Ritenour. Marriages of Arlington, TX: the author, 2007. Revolution. Hamden, CT: Archon Shenandoah County Virginia 929.3778 Books, 1964. 975.6 1882-1915. Ozark, MO: the Includes lists of loyalists and loyal author, 1990. 929.3755 8. Weant, Kenneth E. Civil War troops, as well as lands confiscated Extensive transcription of marriage Records: Union Troops Enrolled in North Carolina. records, including bridal couple, Missouri Militia 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, date, age, occupation, birthplace, & 5th Cavalry Regiments. Vol. 3. 3. Dodd, Jordan R., ed. North residence, names of parents, and Arlington, TX: the author, 2007. Carolina Marriages, Early to sometimes notes on deceased 973.34 1800. Bountiful, UT: Precision parents, with dates and burial Indexing, 1990. 929.3756 places. 9. Weant, Kenneth E. Polk County, Missouri… 3 vols. Arlington, TX: the continued on next page

Page 2 | Gateway Family Historian | Volume 8, No. 1 And Some Venerated Ancestors continued from page 2 Somebody Knows My Name: 1995. 929.3756 Includes name of bride and Marriages of Freed People in North Index includes names and date, groom, date of marriage, and Carolina County by County. 3 vols. with some historical information county. Athens, GA: Iberian Publishing Co., about marriages among freed people. 4. Foote, William Henry. Sketches of North Carolina, Historical and Our Town— Biographical, Illustrative of the Principles of Her Early Settlers. Raleigh, NC: H. J. Dudley, 1968 Events at the St. Louis (1846). 975.6 A very early history and Public Library biographical source. The St. Louis Public Library Events Calendar www.slpl.org/events/ calendar.asp can provide you with an up-to-the-minute listing of what’s 5. North Carolina. State Records happening at the Library! of North Carolina. 30 vols. New York: AMS Press, 1968 (1914). Metered parking around Central is free on Saturdays, and the Scottrade 975.6 Center MetroLink stop is only four blocks away. Other free parking is Includes all sorts of wonderful available on weekdays to Central users. Call us for details. Registration records, including court records, for our programs is strongly suggested. Please call 539-0385 to register Revolutionary War materials, and or for further information. many helpful genealogical records.

The St. Louis Public Library loves being able to help so many 6. North Carolina State Library. genealogists. We are sometimes asked if there is anything you can do Carrie L. Broughton, ed. to help us. If you would like to help support the Library, you might Marriages and Death Notices consider donating a copy of your printed family history book to us. We in Raleigh Register and North will gladly add it to our permanent collection. You might also consider Carolina State Gazette 1826-1887. making a Tribute donation through the St. Louis Public Library N.p., n.d. 929.3756 Foundation. A Tribute allows you to donate tax-deductible funds for Full of wonderful newspaper the purchase of books or materials that will be added to the genealogy transcriptions for early marriage collection. You can honor a family that you are researching, or an and death notices. Most include individual of your choice, with a bookplate that is added to each Tribute names, county, and date. item. This program benefits the Library and your fellow genealogists. If you would like to consider making a Tribute gift, go to the Foundation’s 7. Ratcliff, Clarence E. North website (http://www.slplfoundation.org). Thanks to all of our readers for Carolina Taxpayers 1701-1786. your support of the Library! Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Co., 1984. 929.3756 Includes name, year, county, and if the person owned slaves, the number of slaves.

8. White, Barnetta McGhee.

Page 3 Site Seeing

Cyndi’s List- US States- before you request any records North Carolina from the North Carolina Vital Repository of Primary Sources: (http://www.cyndislist.com/nc.htm) Records Office. North Carolina We shouldn’t need to tell you that (http://www.uidaho.edu/special- a good place to begin researching North Carolina State Archives collections/east2.html#usnc) your North Carolina ancestors Research Aids (http://www.ah.dcr. A helpful list of North Carolina is the Cyndi’s List section on state.nc.us/archives/services_aids. institutions holding various that state. The site includes a htm#aic) manuscript materials is available nice Categories List and a list of A great list of North Carolina State here. The library at Appalachian Related Categories, all of which Archives research aids available State University in Boone, NC, may prove useful to the person online. Included is a downloadable has a special collection of regional researching North Carolina PDF file of County Records materials that includes many ancestors. Categories include available from the North Carolina items of interest to genealogists. How-to; Libraries, Archives, & State Archives, which covers 9,000 A number of dead links reduces Museums; Maps, Gazetteers, bound volumes and 24,000 reels of the usefulness of this site, but & Geographical Information; microfilm. A series of downloadable there are still many items of mailing lists, News Groups, & circulars in PDF format describe interest. Chat; and Military (to name just Revolutionary War, Civil War, a few). Jump-start your NC genie and other military records in the Durham County Library research with a trip to Cyndi’s collection of the North Carolina Genealogy Resources Page List! State Archives, as well as records (http://www.durhamcountylibrary. pertaining to African-American org/ncc/ncgen/ncgen.htm) North Carolina Vital Records and Native-American residents of The Durham County Library Office (http://vitalrecords.dhhs. North Carolina. hosts a very useful North state.nc.us/vr/index.html) Carolina Genealogy Resources The North Carolina Vital Records Genealogical Research in Page. It includes a guide to Office actively discourages North Carolina NC libraries and archives genealogists from making use (http://statelibrary.dcr.state.nc.us/iss/ with outstanding genealogical of its services. They recommend gr/genealog.htm) collections, national collections that genealogists first try to get The State Library of North with strong NC holdings, a desired records from the county Carolina provides a nice online bibliography of printed guides courthouse of record. If you still guide to researching your North to NC genealogical research aren’t discouraged, know that it Carolina ancestors. There are methods and materials, a list of will cost you $15 per record for sections on Getting Started; Basic helpful Internet sites for the NC searches they perform, whether Reference Sources; Finding North genealogy researcher, plus subject or not they locate the requested Carolina Slave Records; Helping terms and keywords of interest record. You may wish to look at NC Research Websites; plus info to persons searching library and the North Carolina State Archives on help available from the State archive catalogs for NC-related Research Aids website (below) Library of North Carolina. materials. continued on page 7

Page 4 | Gateway Family Historian | Volume 8, No. 1 ETHNIC SPOTLIGHT— original and microfilmed, which are available for research in the Archives Search Room. Preliminary Guide to Records Relating to Blacks Researching North in the North Carolina State Archives (Archives Information Circular Carolina Slave Ancestors No. 17) by Thornton W. Mitchell is Researching ancestors who were 1830, and 1840 schedules list slaves available from the North Carolina slaves at some point differs in by sex and age range. State Archives, 4614 Mail Service some ways from researching Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-4614. free ancestors. A good starting You should also be amassing as much place is usually the 1870 federal census data about possible slave Cemetery records, church records, population census schedules, owners of family members, for it is in Freedmen’s Bureau records, and the first on which former slaves the records kept under the names of WPA slave narratives may also are listed by name. You should slave owners that you will find most prove very useful to your research. carefully study the schedules information about slaves prior to Private records kept by the slave for the county in which your 1865. Learn as much as you possibly owner/owners may be difficult to slave ancestors lived, looking can about the suspected owner and locate but can prove very helpful specifically for other individuals of his family, including his wife and to the person researching North that surname who may be family her relatives, his children and their Carolina slave ancestors. Family members and/or former owners. spouses since slave owners could Bibles sometimes record birth and Even if you know for a fact that an acquire slaves through purchase, death dates of family members ancestor was born in slavery, you inheritance, marriage, or natural and household slaves, and business should still carefully study all post- increase (children born to slaves ledgers, contracts, leases, and other slavery census schedules of your owned by the family). records can relate to the health of ancestor’s county (1870-1930). and work done by a slave. Guide to You will also need to look carefully Private Manuscript Collections in You can also learn important facts at various county records. Births, the North Carolina State Archives, from antebellum census schedules. deaths, and marriages should be edited by Barbara T. Cain, Ellen Z. Slaves were enumerated on these searched for all known and suspected McGrew, and Charles E. Morris census records (1790-1860), but family members, and all known and (3rd ed. Raleigh: North not by name. The 1850 and 1860 suspected owners. Because slaves separate slave schedules list (under were considered property, you will continued on page 7 the name of the owner) each slave most likely need to look at county by sex, age, and color, but not by records like deeds, estates, and tax name. You should check these lists. You may also find information census schedules with an eye and/or clues about slave ownership toward family members identified and transactions involving slaves in on the 1870 census schedule. Does land records and personal property the 1860 slave schedule include records. The miscellaneous records individuals of the right age range of some North Carolina counties and sex in the household where include various slave records. Guide you suspect they lived? Earlier to Research Materials in the North census schedules include different Carolina State Archives: County information: 1790, 1800, and 1810 Records (11th rev. ed., Division of census schedules indicate only the Archives and History, 1997) lists total number of slaves, and 1820, for each county those records,

Page 5 They Came From . . . 1868 North Carolina! North Carolina is readmitted to the Union. 1524 1789 1877 Giovanni da Verrazano explores the Carolina North Carolina becomes the 12th state of the The last federal occupation troops leave North coast for France. United States of America. Carolina.

1540 1794 1878 Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto explores The capital of North Carolina (previously A reservation is formed in Western the southwestern part of the state in his located in New Bern) is moved to Raleigh. North Carolina, providing protection for Native search for gold and other treasures. Americans still living in that area. 1795 1584-1585 The University of North Carolina becomes the 1897 Sir Walter Raleigh sends several shiploads nation’s first state university. A bill to give women the right to vote in of people to establish the New World’s first North Carolina is proposed but is sent to a English colony on North Carolina’s Roanoke 1799 committee on insane asylums and loses all Island. An estimated 7,000 Algonquian The first gold nugget is found in the United momentum there. Indians live in the coastal areas of North States at Reed Gold Mine in Cabarrus County. Carolina. 1903 1804 The Wright brothers make the first successful 1586 The “Walton War” ensues between residents powered flight at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. The colonists are forced to return to England of Georgia and North Carolina. due to hardships. 1913 1828 North Carolina first requires registration of 1587 Andrew Jackson (he was born in a cabin that births and deaths with the state government John White establishes a second English straddled the NC-SC state line) becomes the in this year. colony at Roanoke. Virginia Dare is born, 7th president of the United States. becoming the first English child christened 1917 on American soil. White returns to England The United States enters World War I. Overall, for more supplies. 1830s The U.S. government forces Cherokee Indians 1,612 North Carolinians are killed or die of from their homes in what becomes known as disease during the war. 1590 the “Trail of Tears.” Many Cherokee hide in the White returns to Roanoke to find that the mountains of North Carolina. 1920 settlers have all disappeared. The word The 19th Amendment to the United States “CROATOAN” is found carved into a tree. Constitution passes, giving women nationwide The fate of “The Lost Colony” remains one of 1831 Workmen attempting to fireproof the roof of the right to vote. the state’s most enduring mysteries. the State Capitol accidentally set the building aflame. 1920s 1655 Tobacco becomes an important crop in North Nathaniel Batts becomes the first European Carolina. to permanently settle in North Carolina. 1836 After years of having governors elected by the state senate, Edward B. Dudley becomes 1929 1705 the first popular-elected governor of North The Great Depression begins. Bath, the first town in North Carolina, is built. Carolina. 1941 1711-1713 1840 The United States enters World War II. Overall, The Tuscarora War occurs between that tribe The first public schools open in North Carolina. 7,109 North Carolinians in the U.S. Army are and European settlers. After two years of The new State Capitol is completed. killed or die of disease during this war. fighting, the Tuscarora end the war, marking the last major effort by eastern Indians to 1954 stop the encroachments of white settlers. 1845 North Carolina native James K. Polk Hurricane Hazel, one of the most destructive (Mecklenburg County) becomes the 11th hurricanes in state history, batters the Carolina 1718 president of the United States. coast. Blackbeard, the pirate, is killed off the North Carolina coast. 1853 1958 The first North Carolina State Fair is held. Divorce records are available from the North 1729 North Carolina becomes a royal Carolina Vital Records Office from this year English colony. 1861 forward. North Carolina leaves the Union. Instead of 1767-1770 Tryon Palace is built in New voting to secede from the United States, as 1959 Bern, becoming North Carolina’s colonial other states did, North Carolina voted to Research Triangle Park opens in between capitol building. “undo” the act that had brought it into the Raleigh, Durham, and Chapel Hill, ushering in United States. Some 40,000 North Carolinians an era of high-tech growth in North Carolina. 1774 are killed or die of disease during the course The women of Edenton, led by Penelope of the war. 1950s-1960s Barker, take on British rule by putting down The Civil Rights Movement. their teacups in what becomes known as the 1865 Edenton Tea Party. The Battle of Bentonville becomes the 1960 bloodiest battle fought in North Carolina The first-ever sit-in occurs in Greensboro, 1776 (4,700 casualties). The Confederates under North Carolina, to protest segregation at The Battle of Moore Creek Bridge is the Joseph Johnston are defeated by Union troops a lunch counter. Within days, sit-ins are first battle of the to under William T. Sherman. Andrew Johnson occurring across the state. be fought in North Carolina. North Carolina (born in Raleigh, NC) becomes the 17th becomes the first state to vote in favor of president of the United States. continued on page 8 independence.

Page 6 | Gateway Family Historian | Volume 8, No. 1 The records of 18,000 black sailors Reports, Civil War, 1861-1865 have been added to this website. (T1099). Two other items that Listings provide place of birth, age can be checked are also part of at time of enlistment, occupation, Record Group 24, Records of the height, place and date of enlistment, Bureau of Naval Personnel: 1) Help!! term of enlistment, rating, and ship Keys to and Registers of Enlistment Help!! provides an opportunity for or shore station muster records. Returns, 1846-1902, and 2) readers to ask for assistance with Remarks can include POW or died- Records Relating to Enlisted Men genealogical queries. We invite our in-service information if applicable. readers to contribute solutions to Who Served In the Navy 1842- questions featured in this section. See Unfortunately, records for white 1885. The first item is organized the Contact section for e-mail and sailors have not as yet been added to chronologically, but the second postal addresses. Put GFH-HELP!! the site. item is arranged alphabetically by in the subject line. name of enlisted man. What next? You may wish to Q: Help! My African-American check the Civil War Pensions You can take your research even ancestor served in the U.S. Navy Index on Ancestry.com to see if further by making use of medical during the Civil War. How do your sailor is listed. You can also records, court-martial records, I find information about his check several record sets that are and deck logs. You can find out service? held by NARA in Washington, more about all of these records in A: You are in luck! If your D.C. Navy Rendezvous Reports are NARA Reference Information Paper ancestor was an African- weekly reports by Navy recruiting #109, Military Service Records at American sailor, you can go to the officers on men who enlisted the National Archives (Washington, Civil War Soldiers and Sailors during that week. They are arranged DC: NARA, 2007). System website: (http://www.itd. chronologically, although there is nps.gov/cwss/sailors_trans.htm.). a microfilmIndex to Rendezvous

Ethnic Spotlight Site Seeing continued from page 5 continued from page 4

Carolina Division of Archives East Carolina University Special There is also an Oral History and History, 1994) is a guide to Collections Department Collection consisting of hundreds collections of private papers in the (http://www.ecu.edu/lib/SpclColl/ of recorded interviews with North North Carolina State Archives. Index.cfm) Carolinians from various walks of The Southern Historical Collection The Special Collections Department life. Special Collections staff will at UNC-Chapel Hill and the holds a number of types of items (when permissible) make copies Perkins Library at Duke University that usually prove of great interest of interviews (audio or written also have outstanding manuscript to genealogists. A Map Collection transcript) available to interested collections. Records of white includes maps that span the years persons for a modest fee. churches, usually held in their 1590 to the present day. The respective church repositories, can collection includes primarily maps An East Carolina Manuscript also be gold mines for the person that feature Eastern North Carolina, Collection includes letters, researching slave ancestors, as but there is also some coverage of diaries, photographs, financial slaves were in some cases members other states and countries. Types of records, genealogical notes, and of a local white church or were maps included run the gamut from other materials. Be sure to read permitted by the congregation to topographical maps to city zoning Pirate’s Treasure, their well-done worship at the owner’s church. and railroad maps. newsletter.

Page 7 Gateway Family

HistorianCo-editors: Thomas Pearson & Kathleen Smith

A co-publication of the History & Genealogy and Special Collections Departments.

www.slpl.org St. Louis Public Library 1301 Olive Street St. Louis, MO 63103 314-539-0385 or 314-539-0386 Fax: 314-539-0393

They Came From...North Carolina! continued from page 6

1962 Marriage records are available from the North Carolina Vital Records Office from this year forward. Contact!The staff of our History & not send payment with your order: 1965-1973 Genealogy Department can do we prefer to bill you. We cannot Vietnam War. Overall, 1,609 North Carolinians die in this war. limited genealogical research for make refunds or keep accounts for persons making inquiries. Please our customers. Questions will be 1989 Hurricane Hugo strikes North Carolina, reaching as be specific about who and what answered in the order in which they far inland as Charlotte, and does major damage. you are looking for. We will are received. 1993 search our collection, and make The Smart Start program to improve school readiness begins. The program is looked upon as a copies of any materials that an- The St. Louis Public Library’s national model. swer your questions. We charge website, with our online catalog, 1994 $.25/page for microfilm copies, events calendar, special indexes for The Raleigh-Durham area of North Carolina is ranked as the best place to live in the United and $.15/page for photocopies. St. Louis historical and biographi- States. There is a postage and handling cal materials, an index of selected 1996 Hurricane Fran strikes North Carolina, charge of $1.00 per inquiry per St. Louis Post-Dispatch newspaper causing massive damage across the state. Library department (non-U.S. obituaries, death notices, and burial Governor Jim Hunt is re-elected to a record 4th term. Elaine F. Marshall becomes the first woman requests are billed actual postage permits, and an archive of past is- to be elected Secretary of State in North Carolina.

costs). Materials from more than sues of this newsletter is located at 1999 Hurricane Floyd slams into North Carolina, one department may be neces- www.slpl.org. bringing with it flood waters that devastate many areas in the eastern part of the state. sary to answer inquiries. Do