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Cooperation South, 2002. INSTITUTION United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY DOCUMENT RESUME ED 480 417 SO 035 206 AUTHOR Gitta, Cosmas, Ed. TITLE Cooperation South, 2002. INSTITUTION United Nations Development Programme, New York, NY. ISSN ISSN-0259-3882 PUB DATE 2002-00-00 NOTE 141p.; Prepared by the Special Unit for Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC). Published biannually. Only one issue was published in 2002. AVAILABLE FROM United Nations Development Programme, Special Unit for TCDC, One United Nations Plaza, FF-121, New York, NY 10017. Tel: 212-906-5737; Fax: 212-906-6352; Web site: http://www.undp.org/. For full text: http://tcdc.undp.org/tcdcweb/ coop_south_journa1/2002_dec/index.html. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) -- Reports Descriptive (141) JOURNAL CIT Cooperation South; 2002 EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF01/PC06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Developing Nations; Foreign Countries; *Health Needs; *Intellectual Property; Public Housing; Research Utilization IDENTIFIERS Africa; Arab States; Costa Rica; Multinational Corporations; Regional Development; Singapore ABSTRACT The current international debate over patient rights to essential drugs versus intellectual property rights is inescapable. Across fields such as pharmaceuticals, electronics, and biotechnology, southern hemisphere countries appear to be finding it increasingly difficult to afford and benefit from technologies and ideas produced by big multinational companies. This 2002 issue of "Cooperation South" articulates broad suggestions on how to reform existing rules about the intellectual property system. The theme of this issue is: Creativity, Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights. There are 12 articles in the issue:(1) "'Road Map' for Intellectual Property Rights";(2) "Balancing Health Needs and Drug Research Incentives" (Hannah E. Kettler; Chris Collins); (3) "Pricing Medicines to Benefit Poor Countries" (Jagdish Bhagwati);(4) "Capacity Building for Management of IPR" (Mart Leesti; Tom Pengelly); (5) "In the News: Current Issues in IPR"; (6) "From North-South to South-South: The True Face of Global Competition" (Robert J. S. Ross; Anita Chan);(7) "Costa Rica's Technology Strategy: Roots and Outcomes" (Andres Rodriguez-Clare); (8) "Paths for Arab Cooperation: Well Mapped, Little Traveled";(9) "Lessons on Public Housing from Singapore for Sao Paulo" (W.E. Hewitt);(10) "Africa: From the OAU to the African Union" (Abdalla Bujra);(11) "Windows on the South: Current Trends, Perspectives, and Events"; and (12) "Sharing Ideas: A 21st Century Vision." (BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Cooperation South 2002: Creativity, Innovation and Intellectual Property Rights. Cosmas Gitta, Editor United Nations Development Programmee, New York, NY U S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Ottice of Educational Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) 0 This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. C 6 17-7-A o Minor changes have been made lo improve reproduction quality. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent 1 official OERI position or policy. BEST COPY AVAILABLE COOPERATION 2002 UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME Creativity, Innovation and Intellectual Property Ights 3 The creativity of 4.7 billion people The cover designs used on issues of this journal present artifacts or COOPERATION artworks that demonstrate the creativity and connectivity of people across the south. EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Safiatou Ba-N'Daw EDITOR Ancient tradition, modern product Cosmas Gitta PRODUCTION MANAGER Our cover reproduces a design from Maureen Lynch the 5,000-year-old textile tradition in DESIGN southern Peru which was begun by Kayley LeFaiver Mary Vengrofski Zehngut ancestors of the Incas. Garments TRANSLATIONS were designed with "tocapu" squares Multi-Language Servkes Inc. or rectangles containing various geo- EDITORIAL ASSISTANT metric forms and color combinations Rogel Nuguid in clearly indicated sequences. Hundreds of tocapu designs CIRCULATION ASSISTANT have been identified, and some may represent emblems of geo- Lourdes Hermosura-Chang graphic places or social rank. For example, the symbol for the EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD Salah Bourjini Quechua word kapak, which means "noble sovereign': is in the Paul Boyd square reproduced above from our cover. Sharon Capeling-Alakija, Babashola Chinsman Another distinctive element of these textiles is that they Djibril Diallo were woven from cotton fibers that are naturally red, ecru, Carlos Di Cerisano Walter Franco mauve and various shades of brown. Spanish conquerors in Kerstin Leitner Peru in the early 1500s marveled at extensive fields of cotton in Carlos Lopes Ramadhar a range of colors and at Indian weaving more technically Michael Sakbani sophisticated than was produced on European looms. Belying Odile Sorgho-Ntoulinier the widespread belief that all cotton is white, colored cotton FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: plants have been closely guarded down through centuries by Cosmas Gitta the Mochica Indians in the Andes mountains, and also by [email protected] some small, traditional communities in Mexico and Guatemala. Plants which still survive today are organically grown and pes- ticide-free and are the basis for newly popular cotton products sold internationally. Growers include 15,000 peasants and The.eniblem of Technical Cooperation among Developing Indians in Peru's"Native Cotton Project,"and many others in the Countries (TCDC) displays a hills of Santander in Colombia, the highlands of Guatemala, : symbolic:bridge joining die countries and people of the and eastern Bolivia. Southern hemisphere. L The centre of the emblem where the Southern, Northern, Eastern and Western parts of the 074 world join symbolizes a further and ultimate objective of TCDC: UNDP is the UN's global development network, advocating for the promotion of a truly global glelchangeand connecting countries to knowledge, experience partnership for development. and resources to help people build a better life. BEST COPY AVAILABLE CON TEN TS Cooperation South, 2002* 2 Message from the Administrator PROTECTING CREATIVITY AND SPREADING ITS BENEFITS: The Two Sides of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) 4 "ROAD MAP" FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTy RIGHTS 10 BALANCING HEALTH NEEDS AND DRUGRESEARCH INCENTIVES Hannah E.Xettler and Chris Collins 37 PRICING MEDICINES TO BENEFIT POOR COUNTRIES Jagdish Bhagwati 40 CAPACITY BUILDING FOR MANAGEMENT OF IPR Mart Leesti and Tom Pengelly 66 IN THE NEWS:CURRENT ISSUES IN IPR 70 FROM NORTH-SOUTH TO SOUTH-SOUTH:THE TRUE FACE OF GLOBAL COMPETITION III Robert J. S. Ross and Anita Chan 78 COSTA RICA'S TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY: ROOTS AND OUTCOMES Andrés Rodriguez-aare 90 PATHS FOR ARAB COOPERATION:WELL MAPPED, LITTLE TRAVELED 93 LESSONS ON PUBLIC HOUSING FROM SINGAPORE FOR SAO PAOLO W. E. Hewitt 108 AFRICA: FROM THE OAU TO THE AFRICAN UNION Abdalla Bujra 125 WINDOWS ON THE SOUTH: Current Trends, Perspectives, and Events ACCESS TO ESSENTIAL DRUGS MAY BE UNDERMINED BY GLOBAL PATENT AGREEMENT AIDS AND DISCRIMINATION ASEAN FARMERS GOING ON THE INTERNET FOREIGN INVESTMENT DOWN IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN UNCTAD CALLS FOR NEW POLICIES FOR AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT ANCIENT SOUTH-SOUTH TRADE BETWEEN EGYPT, INDIA AND JAVA 134 SHARING IDEAS A 21st Century Vision * This is the only edition of Cooperation South for 2002. COOPERATION SOUTH is published twice a year by the Special Unit for TCDC, United Nations Development Programme, One United Nations Plaza, NewYork, NY 10017, USA (212)906-5737, FAX (212)906-6352, email: [email protected]. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations, the United Nations Development Programme, or governments.The designations employed and material presented on maps do not imply the expression ofany opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its frontiers or boundaries. BEST COPYAVAILABLE FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR Add llng Connectivity to Creathity At the heart of the concept of "South-South" knowledge-sharing is the search to unlock, in the words of the pioneering world conference on Technical Cooperation among Developing Countries (TCDC) which UNDP organized almost 25 years ago "the cre- ativity" of the developing world. The South has an immense reservoir of traditional wis- dom, problem-solving skills and new technologies that are worth sharing globally. The challenge is how to add connectivity to that creativity to encourage such trade and cooperation, and reduce or eliminate the obstacles to such knowledge-sharing. In this context, the current international debate over patients' rights to essential drugs versus intellectual property rights is inescapable. The very concept of intellec- tual property is a recognition of the need to provide protections and rewards for creativity. As such, it is a principle just as important to developing countries as devel- oped ones. In practice, however, across fields such as pharmaceuticals, electronics and biotechnology, Southern countries appear to be finding it increasingly difficult to afford and benefit from technologies and ideas produced by big multinational compa- nies. The World Bank estimates that, when broader intellectual property rules nego- tiated as part of the Uruguay Trade Round come fully into effect in the next few years, $40 billion more
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