DOCSLIB.ORG

Saccharothrix Violacea Sp. Nov., Isolated from a Gold Mine Cave, and Saccharothrix Albidocapillata Comb

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Saccharothrix Violacea Sp. Nov., Isolated from a Gold Mine Cave, and Saccharothrix Albidocapillata Comb International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2000), 50, 1315–1323 Printed in Great Britain Saccharothrix violacea sp. nov., isolated from a gold mine cave, and Saccharothrix albidocapillata comb. nov. Soon Dong Lee,1 Eun Suk Kim,1 Jung-Hye Roe,1 Jae-heon Kim,2 Sa-Ouk Kang1 and Yung Chil Hah1 Author for correspondence: Yung Chil Hah. Tel: j82 2 880 6700. Fax: j82 2 888 4911. e-mail: hahyungc!snu.ac.kr 1 Department of The generic position of two isolates from soils inside a gold mine cave in Microbiology, College of Kongju, Korea, was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing and chemotaxonomic Natural Sciences and Research Center for characteristics. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that both of the isolates Molecular Microbiology, formed a clade with Lentzea albidocapillata and members of the genus Seoul National University, Saccharothrix of the family Pseudonocardiaceae. The chemical composition of Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea the isolates and of Lentzea albidocapillata was consistent with that of the genus Saccharothrix, which is characterized by a type III cell wall (the meso- 2 Department of Microbiology, College of isomer of diaminopimelic acid, and galactose and rhamnose as characteristic Natural Sciences, whole-cell sugars), MK-9(H4) as the major menaquinone, and a phospholipid Dan Kook University, type PII pattern (phosphatidylethanolamine as a diagnostic phospholipid). The Cheon An 330-180, Republic of Korea combination of morphological features, chemotaxonomic characters and phylogenetic data supported the proposal that Lentzea albidocapillata, the only and type strain of the genus Lentzea, should be transferred to the genus Saccharothrix. On the basis of physiological properties, cellular fatty acid composition and DNA–DNA hybridization data, two new species within the genus Saccharothrix are proposed: Saccharothrix violacea sp. nov., type strain LM 036T (lIMSNU 50388T), and Saccharothrix albidocapillata comb. nov., type strain DSM 44073T (lIMSNU 21253T). Keywords: Saccharothrix violacea sp. nov., Saccharothrix albidocapillata comb. nov., soil bacteria, phylogeny INTRODUCTION traliensis, Saccharothrix coeruleofusca, Saccharothrix coeruleoviolacea, Saccharothrix cryophilis, Saccharo- The genus Saccharothrix was described by Labeda et thrix espanaensis, Saccharothrix flava, Saccharothrix al. (1984) for amycolate actinomycetes that are charac- longispora, Saccharothrix mutabilis, Saccharothrix terized by fragmentation of both the vegetative and syringae, Saccharothrix texasensis and Saccharothrix aerial mycelia into ovoid elements and the following waywayandensis (Labeda & Lechevalier, 1989; Grund cell chemistry: a type III cell wall (the meso-isomer of & Kroppenstedt, 1989). diaminopimelic acid, and rhamnose and galactose as whole-cell sugars); absence of mycolic acids; a major Yassin et al. (1995) proposed Lentzea albidocapillata menaquinone of MK-9(H%); and a phospholipid type gen. nov., sp. nov. for a mesophilic actinomycete PII (phosphatidylethanolamine) or PIV (phosphatidyl- which forms a well-developed, fragmenting aerial ethanolamine and glucosamine-containing phos- mycelium and a branched substrate mycelium. The pholipids) pattern (Labeda & Lechevalier, 1989). genus Lentzea has a type III cell wall (meso-isomer of The genus currently contains 12 described species: diaminopimelic acid and no characteristic sugar), Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes, Saccharothrix aus- phosphatidylethanolamine as a diagnostic phospho- lipid (the phospholipid type PII pattern) and a non- ................................................................................................................................................. hydrogenated menaquinone with nine isoprene units Abbreviation: ISP, International Streptomyces Project. (MK-9) as a major menaquinone. This genus currently The EMBL accession numbers for the 16S rDNA nucleotide sequences of contains the only and type species, Lentzea albido- isolates LM 036T and LM 044 are AJ242633 and AJ242634, respectively. capillata, which was isolated from a tissue specimen 01329 # 2000 IUMS 1315 S. D. Lee and others taken from a patient suffering from peritoneal car- extract\iron agar (ISP medium 6) and tyrosine agar (ISP cinomatosis. medium 7). For scanning electron microscopy, agar blocks on which growth had occurred were fixed in 1% osmium The family Pseudonocardiaceae Embley et al. 1988 was tetroxide, dehydrated with an ethanol series and then recently emended by Stackebrandt et al. (1997), based critical-point-dried under liquid CO#. Each specimen was on the 16S-rDNA-sequence-based phylogenetic clus- sputter-coated with gold and observed with a scanning tering and the presence of family-specific signature electron microscope (Stereoscan 260; Cambridge Instru- nucleotides. According to cell wall chemotype, the 13 ments). genera of the family Pseudonocardiaceae are divided Physiological characteristics. Utilization of carbohydrates into two groups as follows: the type IV cell wall genera and of organic acids as carbon sources was determined as comprise Actinokineospora, Actinopolyspora, Amy- described by Pridham & Gottlieb (1948) and Gordon et al. colatopsis, Kibdelosporangium, Pseudonocardia, Sac- (1974), respectively. Acid production from carbohydrates charomonospora and Saccharopolyspora (Warwick was determined by a colour change in Bacto OF basal medium (Difco) supplemented with the substrates at a final et al., 1994), whereas the type III cell wall genera concentration of 1% (w\v). Decomposition of adenine, comprise Actinosynnema (Hasegawa et al., 1978), guanine, hypoxanthine, tyrosine and xanthine were de- Kutzneria (Stackebrandt et al., 1994), Lentzea (Yassin termined as described by Gordon et al. (1974), and arbutin et al., 1995), Saccharothrix (Labeda et al., 1984), and aesculin decomposition and casein hydrolysis were Streptoalloteichus (Tomita et al., 1987) and Thermo- determined as described by Williams et al. (1983). De- crispum (Korn-Wendisch et al., 1995). The type III cell composition of DNA was determined using Bacto DNase wall genera and the genus Actinokineospora, a member test agar (Difco). Nitrate reduction, hydrogen sulfide of the type IV cell wall genera, form a coherent cluster production, gelatin liquefaction, starch hydrolysis and within the radiation of the family Pseudonocardiaceae hippurate hydrolysis were studied as described by Mac (Lee et al., 2000b; Yassin et al., 1995). Faddin (1980). Urease activity was determined by a colour change from red to pink in Bacto urea broth (Difco). During the taxonomic study of soil actinomycetes, we Catalase activity was checked with 3% hydrogen peroxide. obtained two isolates from soils collected inside a gold Oxidase production was tested by examining the oxidation mine cave in Kongju, Republic of Korea. Both of the of 1% tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. NaCl tolerance isolates formed well-developed aerial mycelia that studies were performed on nutrient agar containing NaCl at final concentrations of 0, 2, 4, 7 and 10% (w\v). Thallium fragmented into rod-shaped elements. The compara- acetate tolerance was determined on nutrient agar at a final tive analysis of 16S rDNA sequences supported the concentration of 0n01% (w\v). To determine sensitivity to conclusion that our isolates were related to members lysozyme, a 0n1% (w\v) solution of lysozyme was filter- of the genera Lentzea and Saccharothrix. In this paper sterilized and added to nutrient agar at a final concentration we describe the characterization and classification of of 0n01%. Growth was tested at temperatures ranging from the isolates, and we propose the new taxa Saccharo- 10 to 42 mC. thrix violacea sp. nov. and Saccharothrix albidocapil- Growth in the presence of various antibiotics was tested T lata comb. nov. The isolates LM 036 and LM 044 using the standard disk diffusion technique (National Com- have been deposited in the Culture Collection Center mittee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 1994). Disks of the Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National Uni- containing the different antibiotics (Susceptibility test versity (IMSNU) under the numbers IMSNU 50388T discs; Difco) were applied to Mueller–Hinton agar (Difco) and IMSNU 50393, respectively. plates which had been inoculated with 100 µl mycelial suspension in 20% glycerol with a Dispense-O-Disc dis- penser (Difco). The inverted plates were incubated for 7 d at METHODS 30 mC. T To determine the production of antibiotic substances, the Micro-organisms and culture conditions. Strains LM 036 ability of the isolates to inhibit the growth of reference and LM 044 were isolated from soils collected inside a gold organisms was examined using an overlay technique mine cave in Kongju, Korea, on tap water agar and (Williams et al., 1983). Reference organisms selected were oligotrophic medium (M5) by using the dilution plating Bacillus subtilis IMSNU 10011, Micrococcus luteus IMSNU method. The M5 medium contained (per litre of tap water) 20371, Streptomyces murinus IMSNU 20248T, Staphyl- glucose, 0n1g; K#HPO%,0n5g; Na#HPO%,0n7 g; KNO$, ococcus aureus subsp. aureus IMSNU 11089, Escherichia coli 0n1 g; NaCl, 0n3 g; MgSO%;7H#O, 0n1 g; CaCl#;2H#O, IMSNU 10080, Enterobacter aerogenes IMSNU 10256, 0n02 g; FeSO%;7H#O, 200 mg; ZnSO%;7H#O, 180 µg; Saccharomyces cervisiae IMSNU 30102, Aspergillus niger MnSO%;4H#O, 20 µg; CuSO%;5H#O, 90 µg; CoSO%;7H#O, IMSNU 31067 and Candida albicans IMSNU 30018. Spot- 10 µg;H$BO$, 200 µg; and (NH%)'Mo(O#%;4H#O, 5 µg. For inoculated cells of the isolates grown on nutrient agar
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Download (831Kb)
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Wichner, Dominik and Idris, Hamidah and Houssen, Wael E and McEwan, Andrew R and Bull, Alan T. and Asenjo, Juan A and Goodfellow, Michael and Jaspars, Marcel and Ebel, Rainer and Rateb, Mostafa E (2016) Isolation and anti-HIV-1 integrase activity of lentzeosides A–F from extremotolerant lentzea sp. H45, a strain isolated from a high-altitude Atacama Desert soil. The DOI https://doi.org/10.1038/ja.2016.78 Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/61946/ Document Version Author's Accepted Manuscript Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html 1 Isolation and Anti-HIV-1 Integrase Activity of Lentzeosides A-F from Extremotolerant 2 Lentzea sp. H45, a strain isolated from a high altitude Atacama Desert soil 3 Running head: Lentzeosides A-F from Extremotolerant Lentzea sp.
    [Show full text]
  • The Degradative Capabilities of New Amycolatopsis Isolates on Polylactic Acid
    microorganisms Article The Degradative Capabilities of New Amycolatopsis Isolates on Polylactic Acid Francesca Decorosi 1,2, Maria Luna Exana 1,2, Francesco Pini 1,2, Alessandra Adessi 1 , Anna Messini 1, Luciana Giovannetti 1,2 and Carlo Viti 1,2,* 1 Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI)—University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, I50144 Florence, Italy; francesca.decorosi@unifi.it (F.D.); [email protected] (M.L.E.); francesco.pini@unifi.it (F.P.); alessandra.adessi@unifi.it (A.A.); anna.messini@unifi.it (A.M.); luciana.giovannetti@unifi.it (L.G.) 2 Genexpress Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI)—University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 14, I50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy * Correspondence: carlo.viti@unifi.it; Tel.: +39-05-5457-3224 Received: 15 October 2019; Accepted: 18 November 2019; Published: 20 November 2019 Abstract: Polylactic acid (PLA), a bioplastic synthesized from lactic acid, has a broad range of applications owing to its excellent proprieties such as a high melting point, good mechanical strength, transparency, and ease of fabrication. However, the safe disposal of PLA is an emerging environmental problem: it resists microbial attack in environmental conditions, and the frequency of PLA-degrading microorganisms in soil is very low. To date, a limited number of PLA-degrading bacteria have been isolated, and most are actinomycetes. In this work, a method for the selection of rare actinomycetes with extracellular proteolytic activity was established, and the technique was used to isolate four mesophilic actinomycetes with the ability to degrade emulsified PLA in agar plates. All four strains—designated SO1.1, SO1.2, SNC, and SST—belong to the genus Amycolatopsis.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation and Anti-HIV-1 Integrase Activity of Lentzeosides A–F from Extremotolerant Lentzea Sp
    The Journal of Antibiotics (2017) 70, 448–453 & 2017 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved 0021-8820/17 www.nature.com/ja ORIGINAL ARTICLE Isolation and anti-HIV-1 integrase activity of lentzeosides A–F from extremotolerant lentzea sp. H45, a strain isolated from a high-altitude Atacama Desert soil Dominik Wichner1,2, Hamidah Idris3, Wael E Houssen1,4,5, Andrew R McEwan1,4, Alan T Bull6, Juan A Asenjo7, Michael Goodfellow3, Marcel Jaspars1, Rainer Ebel1 and Mostafa E Rateb1,8,9 The extremotolerant isolate H45 was one of several actinomycetes isolated from a high-altitude Atacama Desert soil collected in northwest Chile. The isolate was identified as a new Lentzea sp. using a combination of chemotaxonomic, morphological and phylogenetic properties. Large scale fermentation of the strain in two different media followed by chromatographic purification led to the isolation of six new diene and monoene glycosides named lentzeosides A–F, together with the known compound (Z)-3-hexenyl glucoside. The structures of the new compounds were confirmed by HRESIMS and NMR analyses. Compounds 1–6 displayed moderate inhibitory activity against HIV integrase. The Journal of Antibiotics (2017) 70, 448–453; doi:10.1038/ja.2016.78; published online 29 June 2016 INTRODUCTION extreme hyper-arid soils.8,9 Biological and genome-guided screening of Natural products are known to be a rich source of diverse chemical some of these actinomycetes has led to the isolation and characteriza- scaffolds for drug discovery. However, their use has diminished in the tion of new natural products belonging to diverse structural classes past two decades, mainly due to technical barriers when screening and exhibiting various biological activities, as exemplified by the natural products in high-throughput assays against molecular targets antimicrobial chaxamycins and chaxalactins isolated from Streptomyces and to their limited availability for clinical trials.1 In addition, the leeuwenhoekii C34T, the abenquines from Streptomyces sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Pairwise Testing of Lentzea Strains Against Mycobacterium Smegmatis to Search for and Identify New Anti-Tuberculosis Compounds
    Pairwise testing of Lentzea strains against Mycobacterium smegmatis to search for and identify new anti-tuberculosis compounds By: Julie Anne Dayrit A Thesis Submitted to Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science with Honours in Chemistry April 2020, Halifax, Nova Scotia Copyright Julie Anne Dayrit, 2020 ___________________ Approved: Dr. Clarissa Sit Supervisor ___________________ Approved: Dr. Jason Masuda Department Chair Date: April 2020 1 | P a g e Pairwise testing of Lentzea strains against Mycobacterium smegmatis to search for and identify new anti-tuberculosis compounds By Julie Anne Dayrit Abstract Tuberculosis remains one of the top ten causes of death worldwide. Therefore, immediate discovery of new antibiotic compounds is crucial for counteracting the evolving antibiotic resistance in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and related species. Previous studies have shown that a soil bacterium, Lentzea kentuckyensis, can biosynthesize lassomycin, a peptide that has the ability to kill multi-drug resistant M. tuberculosis. Two Lentzea strains were grown and observed to exhibit inhibitory activity against M. smegmatis. The active compounds were extracted and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Structure elucidation of the molecules by NMR spectroscopy is ongoing. Further studies will focus on determining the mechanism of action of the active compounds. Characterizing these metabolites will provide a better understanding of how Lentzea strains both interact with and defend themselves against competing microbes, such as mycobacteria. March 2020 2 | P a g e Acknowledgements I would like to thank my amazing research supervisor, Dr. Clarissa Sit, for her support and guidance during this research project.
    [Show full text]
  • Lentzea Kentuckyensis Sp. Nov., of Equine Origin
    9583 International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2007), 57, 1780-1783 DOl 10.1 099/ijs.0.64245-0 Lentzea kentuckyensis sp. nov., of equine origin D. P. Labeda, 1 J. M. Donahue,2 S. F. Sells2 and R. M. Kroppenstedt3 Correspondence Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization D. P. Labeda Research, USDA - Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL 61604, USA [email protected] 2Livestock Disease Diagnostic Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40511, USA I 3DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany A novel actinomycete, designated strain LDDC 287605T was isolated from an equine placenta during the course of routine diagnostic tests for nocardioform placentitis. In a preliminary study, the strain was observed to be phylogenetically distinct from the genera Crossiella and Amycolatopsis and probably a member of the genus Lentzea. A polyphasic study of strain LDDC 287605T confirmed its identification as a member of Lentzea on the basis of its chemotaxonomic and morphological similarity to all of the known species of the genus. Moreover, the strain could be distinguished from other species with validly published names on the basis of its phylogenetic and physiological characteristics and its fatty acid profile. Therefore strain LDDC 287605T represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea, for which the name Lentzea ken fuckyensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LDDC 287605T (=NRRL B24416T =DSM 44909T) Nocardioform placentitis is a distinctive type of placentitis UltraClean microbial DNA isolation kits (Mc, Bio I.abora- in horses, in which lesions observed on the chorionic tories), amplified, sequenced according to previously surface of the placenta are associated with Gram-positive, described procedures (Labeda & Kroppenstedt, 2000) and branching micro-organisms that can be recovered upon then deposited in GenBank.
    [Show full text]
  • FINAL REPORT Groundwater Chemistry and Microbial Ecology Effects on Explosives Biodegradation
    FINAL REPORT Groundwater Chemistry and Microbial Ecology Effects on Explosives Biodegradation SERDP Project ER-1378 SEPTEMBER 2008 Dr. Mark E. Fuller Dr. Robert J. Steffan Shaw Environmental, Inc. This report was prepared under contract to the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). The publication of this report does not indicate endorsement by the Department of Defense, nor should the contents be construed as reflecting the official policy or position of the Department of Defense. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the Department of Defense. Final Report Table of Contents List of Abbreviations ····················································································································ii List of Tables ·······························································································································iv List of Figures·····························································································································vii Acknowledgements·······················································································································x I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ·······································································································1 II. PROJECT OBJECTIVES·········································································································3
    [Show full text]
  • Bioconversion of FR901459, a Novel Derivative of Cyclosporin A, by Lentzea Sp
    The Journal of Antibiotics (2015) 68, 511–520 & 2015 Japan Antibiotics Research Association All rights reserved 0021-8820/15 www.nature.com/ja ORIGINAL ARTICLE Bioconversion of FR901459, a novel derivative of cyclosporin A, by Lentzea sp. 7887 Satoshi Sasamura1,4, Motoo Kobayashi1, Hideyuki Muramatsu2, Seiji Yoshimura1, Takayoshi Kinoshita1,5, Hidenori Ohki1,6, Kazuki Okada3, Yoko Deai1, Yukiko Yamagishi1 and Michizane Hashimoto2,4 FR901459, a product of the fungus Stachybotrys chartarum No. 19392, is a derivative of cyclosporin A (CsA) and a powerful immunosuppressant that binds cyclophilin. Recently, it was reported that CsA was effective against hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, FR901459 lacks active moieties, which are essential for synthesizing more potent and safer derivatives of this anti-HCV agent. Here we identified an actinomycete strain (designated 7887) that was capable of efficient bioconversion of FR901459. Structural elucidation of the isolated bioconversion products (1–7) revealed that compounds 1–4 were mono-hydroxylated at the position of 1-MeBmt or 9-MeLeu, whereas compounds 5–7 were bis-hydroxylated at both positions. The results of morphological and chemical characterization, as well as phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), suggested that strain 7887 belonged to the genus Lentzea. Comparison of the FR901459 conversion activity of strain 7887 with several other Lentzea strains revealed that although all examined strains metabolized FR901459, strain 7887 had a characteristic profile with respect to bioconversion products. Taken together, these findings suggest that strain 7887 can be used to derivative FR901459 to produce a chemical template for further chemical modifications that may provide more effective and safer anti-HCV drugs.
    [Show full text]
  • Lentzea Gen. Nov., a New Genus of the Order Actinomycetales A
    INTERNATIONALJOURNAL OF SYSTEMATICBACTERIOLOGY, Apr. 1995, p. 357-363 Vol. 45, No. 2 0020-7713/95/$04.00+0 Copyright 0 1995, International Union of Microbiological Societies Lentzea gen. nov., a New Genus of the Order Actinomycetales A. F. YASSIN,'" F. A. RAINEY,2 H. BRZEZINKA,3 K.-D. JAHNKE,2 H. WEISSBRODT,4 H. BUDZIKIEWICZ,' E. STACKEBRANDT,2 AND K. P. SCHAAL' Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie und Immunologie der Universitat Bonn, 0-53105 Bonn, DSM-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, 0-38124 Braunschweig, Institut fur Rechtsmedizin der Universitat Bonn, 0-53111 Bonn, Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, 3000 Hannover 61, and Institut fur Organische Chemie der Universitat zu Koln, 0-50939 Cologne,' Germany We describe a new genus of mesophilic actinomycetes, for which we propose the name Lentzea. The strains of this genus form abundant aerial hyphae that fragment into rod-shaped elements. Whole-cell hydrolysates contain the meso isomer of diaminopimelic acid and no characteristic sugar (wall chemotype 111). The phospholipid pattern type is type PI1 (phosphatidylethanolamineis the characteristic phospholipid); the major menaquinone is MK-9. The fatty acid profile comprises saturated, unsaturated, and branched-chainfatty acids of the is0 and anteiso types in addition to tuberculostearic acid (lOMe-C,,:,). A 16s ribosomal DNA sequence analysis revealed that the genus Lentzea is phylogenically related to the genera Actinosynnema, Sacchurothrix, and Kutzneria. The type species of this genus is Lentzea albidocupillatu sp. nov.; the type strain of this species is strain IMMIB D-958 (= DSM 44073). Actinomycetes are the causative agents of a variety of dis- Early recognition of the actinomycete infections described eases of humans and animals, among which actinomycosis, above is highly dependent on an at least tentative etiological actinomycetoma, and nocardiosis are the most important (32).
    [Show full text]
  • Systematic Research on Actinomycetes Selected According
    Systematic Research on Actinomycetes Selected according to Biological Activities Dissertation Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Doctor (Ph.D.) degree of the Math.-Nat. Fakultät of the Christian-Albrechts-Universität in Kiel By MSci. - Biol. Yi Jiang Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, IFM-GEOMAR, Marine Mikrobiologie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany Supervised by Prof. Dr. Johannes F. Imhoff Kiel 2009 Referent: Prof. Dr. Johannes F. Imhoff Korreferent: ______________________ Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: Kiel, ____________ Zum Druck genehmigt: Kiel, _____________ Summary Content Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Habitats, Isolation and Identification 24 Chapter 3 Streptomyces hainanensis sp. nov., a new member of the genus Streptomyces 38 Chapter 4 Actinomycetospora chiangmaiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Pseudonocardiaceae 52 Chapter 5 A new member of the family Micromonosporaceae, Planosporangium flavogriseum gen nov., sp. nov. 67 Chapter 6 Promicromonospora flava sp. nov., isolated from sediment of the Baltic Sea 87 Chapter 7 Discussion 99 Appendix a Resume, Publication list and Patent 115 Appendix b Medium list 122 Appendix c Abbreviations 126 Appendix d Poster (2007 VAAM, Germany) 127 Appendix e List of research strains 128 Acknowledgements 134 Erklärung 136 Summary Actinomycetes (Actinobacteria) are the group of bacteria producing most of the bioactive metabolites. Approx. 100 out of 150 antibiotics used in human therapy and agriculture are produced by actinomycetes. Finding novel leader compounds from actinomycetes is still one of the promising approaches to develop new pharmaceuticals. The aim of this study was to find new species and genera of actinomycetes as the basis for the discovery of new leader compounds for pharmaceuticals.
    [Show full text]
  • Genome-Based Classification of Micromonosporae
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Genome-based classifcation of micromonosporae with a focus on their biotechnological and Received: 14 August 2017 Accepted: 8 November 2017 ecological potential Published: xx xx xxxx Lorena Carro 1, Imen Nouioui1, Vartul Sangal2, Jan P. Meier-Kolthof 3, Martha E. Trujillo4, Maria del Carmen Montero-Calasanz 1, Nevzat Sahin 5, Darren Lee Smith2, Kristi E. Kim6, Paul Peluso6, Shweta Deshpande7, Tanja Woyke 7, Nicole Shapiro7, Nikos C. Kyrpides7, Hans-Peter Klenk1, Markus Göker 3 & Michael Goodfellow1 There is a need to clarify relationships within the actinobacterial genus Micromonospora, the type genus of the family Micromonosporaceae, given its biotechnological and ecological importance. Here, draft genomes of 40 Micromonospora type strains and two non-type strains are made available through the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea project and used to generate a phylogenomic tree which showed they could be assigned to well supported phyletic lines that were not evident in corresponding trees based on single and concatenated sequences of conserved genes. DNA G+C ratios derived from genome sequences showed that corresponding data from species descriptions were imprecise. Emended descriptions include precise base composition data and approximate genome sizes of the type strains. antiSMASH analyses of the draft genomes show that micromonosporae have a previously unrealised potential to synthesize novel specialized metabolites. Close to one thousand biosynthetic gene clusters were detected, including NRPS, PKS, terpenes and siderophores clusters that were discontinuously distributed thereby opening up the prospect of prioritising gifted strains for natural product discovery. The distribution of key stress related genes provide an insight into how micromonosporae adapt to key environmental variables.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of Lentzea Flaviverrucosa Sp. Nov. and Transfer of the Type Strain of Saccharothrix Aerocolonigenes Subsp
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2002), 52, 1815–1820 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02204-0 Description of Lentzea flaviverrucosa sp. nov. and transfer of the type strain of Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp. staurosporea to Lentzea albida 1 Institute of Space Qiong Xie,1 Yimin Wang,2 Ying Huang,2 Yuanliang Wu,1 Fusen Ba1 Medico-Engineering, 2 Beijing 100094, and Zhiheng Liu People’s Republic of China 2 State Key Laboratory of Author for correspondence: Zhiheng Liu. Tel: j86 10 6255 3628. Fax: j86 10 6255 3628. Microbial Resources, e-mail: zhliu!sun.im.ac.cn Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People’s Republic of China A distinct actinomycete isolated from soil was subjected to polyphasic taxonomic analysis. It is demonstrated by comparative 16S rDNA gene sequencing that the organism, designated strain AS 4.0578T, represents a novel species of the genus Lentzea. The phylogenetic results also showed that it formed a monophyletic lineage distinct from the available members of the genera Lentzea, Lechevalieria and Saccharothrix. The organism was distinguished from all the validly described type strains of the genus Lentzea by a combination of phenotypic features and DNA–DNA hybridization. It is proposed, therefore, that strain AS 4.0578T (l JCM 11373T) be classified in the genus Lentzea as Lentzea flaviverrucosa sp. nov. In addition, it is proposed that Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes subsp. staurosporea NRRL 11184T be transferred to Lentzea albida on the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA homology, nucleotide signatures and phenotypic properties. Keywords: Lentzea flaviverrucosa sp. nov., polyphasic taxonomy, 16S rDNA sequencing INTRODUCTION Lentzea, created several novel species (Lentzea albida NRRL B-24073T, Lentzea californiensis NRRL B- The genus Lentzea (Yassin et al., 1995) was proposed 16137T, Lentzea violacea IMSNU 50388T and Lentzea for aerobic actinomycetes that form abundant aerial waywayandensis NRRL B-16159T) and also proposed hyphae that fragment into rod-shaped elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Revival of the Genus Lentzea and Proposal for Lechevalieria Gen
    International Journal ofSystematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (2001), 51, 1045-1050 Printed in Great Britain Revival of the genus Lentzea and proposal for Lechevalieria gen. nov. 1 Microbial Properties D. P. Labeda,l K. Hatano/ R. M. Kroppenstedt3 and T. Tamura2 Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N. University Street, Author for correspondence: D. P. Labeda. Tel: + 13096816397. Fax: + 1309681 6672. e-mail: labedadp«(lmail.ncauLusda.gov Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL 61604, USA The genus Saccharothrix is phylogenetically heterogeneous on the basis of analysis of almost complete 165 rONA sequences. An evaluation of 2 Institute for Fermentation Osaka, Osaka, Japan chemotaxonomic, morphological and physiological properties in the light of the molecular phylogeny data revealed that several species are misclassified. 3 DSMZ-Germany Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes NRRL 8·3298T and Saccharothrix flava NRRL 8­ Cultures, Braunschweig, 16131T constitute a lineage distinct from Saccharothrix and separate from Germany Lentzea. The genus Lechevalieria gen. nov. is proposed for these species. Lechevalieria aerocolonigenes comb. nov. is the type species and S. flava is transferred as Lechevalieria flava comb. nov. Although Lentzea albidocapillata, the type species of the genus Lentzea, was transferred recently to the genus Saccharothrix, the revival of Lentzea is clearly supported by molecular phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic data. The description of the revived genus is emended to include galactose, mannose and traces of ribose as diagnostic whole-cell sugars and MK-9(H4) as the principal menaquinone and elimination of tuberculostearic acid as a diagnostic component in the fatty acid profile. T Saccharothrix waywayandensis NRRL 8·16159 , S.
    [Show full text]