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Case Study: Ezbet El Zabaleen (Garbage City), Manshiet Nasser, Cairo, Egypt

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Case Study: Ezbet El Zabaleen (Garbage City), Manshiet Nasser, Cairo, Egypt International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR) ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-5, Issue-2, June 2016 Urban development of informal areas: Case study: Ezbet El Zabaleen (Garbage city), Manshiet Nasser, Cairo, Egypt Shirwet Hassan Ali Ali El-shenawy B. Objective: 1Abstract— in numerous parts of the world a huge number of individuals live in informal urban settlements especially in It is to enhance the living conditions and subsequently lessen developing countries. UN-Habitat (2006) gauges that almost 1 potential wellbeing dangers to poor inhabitants in Manshiet billion people all over the world ( 32 percent of the world's Nasser by rehabilitating, redesigning and upgrading the urban population) live in what are differently known as squatter physical condition; this includes new construction instead of settlements, slums, informal settlements or deterioration areas the deteriorated ones, the provision and extension of public without access to fundamental services or state-accepted spaces, secure water supply distribution system, the property or tenure rights. Enhancing quality of life in slums is one of the development goals for new millennium. This paper is implementation of an organized sewerage system and to a centred on slums and slum inhabitant' life conditions in Egypt. lesser extent the upgrading of the road network. Government must make an action and consider good policy C. Methodology : options to prevent creating new slums and have appropriate upgrading programs for improvement life condition of slum The main methodology used in this study is presenting dwellers which are proposed in this paper. The main aim of this qualitative and explanatory research focused on upgrading paper is to study and examine slum areas and their living deteriorated and unsafe areas in which solve the situation of conditions, and finding out the most critical and hazardous zone slums in Egypt. It explains a case study by using strategies of of the slums. upgrading and development. It also uses professional experience and lessons learned from observation the slums Index Terms— Slums, informal Settlements, Ezbet El and interacting with slum inhabitants in Egypt. Zabaleen, garbage city, Manshiet Nasser, Land Readjustment. D. Structure: I. INTRODUCTION: The structure of this paper is as follows: section one is a literal Numerous portray slums in Egypt as ticking time bombs reviews on the History of Informal Settlements in Cairo, what holding up to go off at any moment. This paper gives a general constitutes it. Section two focuses on types of informal areas his paper provides a general overview of slums which related in Cairo with more details. Section three explains a case study to quick urbanization and other socio-economic (Ezbet El Zabaleen) and how to develop and upgrade this area transformations that took place in developing countries over and what is the strategy and policy. Section four includes the the past four decades, whereby Egypt is no exception. Urban concluding remarks. informality has now turned into the predominant component of Egyptian urban areas. It can be argued that it is planned II. THE HISTORY OF INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS IN CAIRO: urban development not informality that is becoming the Informal development has been, and keeps on being, the exception. Indeed, even planned areas have significant predominant method of urbanization in numerous developing informal aspects, from housetop inhabitants in Cairo to the countries, including Egypt. In spite of 30 years of effort by the uncounted floors recently added in defiance of the building government to reduce and limit unplanned growth and urban code in normal residential districts and new cities Informality. expansion on agricultural land around Cairo, as it has in most A. Problem definition: Egyptian towns and cities, informal settlements around Cairo accommodate more than 7 million inhabitants in 1998. The slums issue in Egypt started with the quick urban Starting of 2006, they are assessed to contain more than 65% extension of Egypt's cities at the beginning of the twentieth of the number of inhabitants in the city (10.5 out of 16.2 century. The centralization of government offices and huge million inhabitants), and the rate of population growth in businesses and industries in these cities prompted the creation these areas is higher than other city averages, growing 2% of significant employment opportunities, and along these lines between 1996 and 2006. In Greater Cairo, these phenomena to the expansion of internal migration; a provincial mass started soon after the Second World War, when movement migration to urban areas was made by people looking for job from Upper Egypt and the Delta brought housing pressures to opportunities. Slums zones in Egypt are situated on the edges become critical. Migrants pulled in by financial improvement of the cities, and Slum inhabitants represent 37% of the then happening in Cairo, matched with the huge nation's urban population and 20% of the total population. industrialization approach dispatched by the president, Gamal Abdel Nasser. The earliest of these migrants, for the most part young fellows, settled in central or historical zones of the city, where they leased and shared houses or rooms. Later, 1 Shirwet Hassan Ali Ali El-shenawy, M.Sc student at architecture accumulating a few funds, some of migrants were able to buy department, faculty of engineering, Alexandria University. Mob: and build upon land on the edges of the towns situated in 01098623456 136 www.erpublication.org Urban development of informal areas: Case study: Ezbet El Zabaleen (Garbage city), Manshiet Nasser, Cairo, Egypt. marginal part of the city, for example, Kit Kat in Imbaba or Emplaceme Agricultural Vacant state land Neighbor Dilapidated nt land hoods with storey Mit Okba in Agouza, both of which are in Giza Governorate old, structures where the land market was less expensive than in the central crowded, and areas. This period additionally saw the start of the deteriorated phenomenon of squatting on state-possessed area, for the structures most part in the east of the capital, for example: Manshiet Layout/ Irrigation Incremental Old N/A Pattern patterns / No subdivisions buildings and Nasser and Kum Ghurab in Cairo Governorate. Actually, the open public medieval extension of Cairo's informal areas is expected to rising spaces urban fabric Plot Smalls: First: Quite N/A N/A neediness levels, as well as has been encouraged by the Average large plot, then combination of a series of deliberate policy choices and by 80m2 subdivided by business sector elements which were not appropriately owner or pioneer Material - Housing Generally Very managed. Public housing projects have been lacking to fulfill Concrete conditions are deteriorated precarious the expanding request, and since the 1970s the production of frame generally buildings type of - Floor worse than housing houses has been moved in the alleged New Towns, satellite slab Typology A settlements on desert land planned to occupy urban construction development far from rich and rare agricultural land. These - with red brick infill New Towns were relied upon to assimilate a large portion of walls the anticipated population growth between 1998 and 2017 Process of Incremen N/A N/A This type constructio tal (Room by represent less (General Organization for Physical Planning, 1998; Ministry n room and 1 percent of of Housing Utilities and Urban Communities, 2000), however floor by urban their separation from the center of the city, and in addition floor) population. Most are their absence of services and of economic opportunities made slated for them unattractive to low-salary families. As indicated by the removal or have already enumeration, the inhabitants of all New Town in 1996 added been up to 149 000, and became 600 000 in 2006, an expansion of converted in 14.9%. This figure around 3.7% of the number of inhabitants parks. Legal Completely Completely As a Due to in Greater Cairo Region is well below the government‟s situation illegal: No illegal: No legal result of precarious expectations. Indeed, the growth of Cairo's informal areas is legal paper paper confusing land tenure work work but it is ownershi situations expected to rising poverty levels, as well as has been fostered quite easy to p and/or by the combination of a series of deliberate decisions, and in become formal owner neglect addition by business sector flow which were not appropriately Income One can Income Income Income managed. sources find heterogeneity heterogeneit heterogeneity professionals y and III. TYPOLOGY OF INFORMAL AREAS IN CAIRO: other kind of workers, more related to middle class income Who lives - Illiterate - Illiterate Quite Very poor there female: female: 65.9% poor families or 40.3% - Illiterate families: “Ultra -Illiterate male: 53.4% - poor families” male: 28.9% - Households Illiterate -Househo living in Single female: lds living in Room: 26.5% 48.9% Single - Household - Room: without Public Illiterate 18.7% water supply: male: 36.8% -Househo 33.3% - ld without Only in Households Public water Manshiet Nasser living in supply: 21% people Single work in: Room: - 12.4% 32.7% public sector - - 16% private Household sector without - 65% Public Self-employment water supply: Typology of Informal Areas in Cairo map 32.1% Source statement: Directorate General of Information and Examples Boulaq el Manshiet Nasser Darb el Masr el Documentation Release date: March 2012 Dakrour, Ahmar and El Qadima, Hekr Waraq el Gamalia, Sakakini in and parts Hadir, of Masr el el Wali, In the Greater Cairo Region (GCR), the following types of Basatiin, and Qadima, and Teraa el Embaba Boulaq Towfiqia in slum and informal areas can be characterized: Abou Aala, El Mataria. Khalifa, among other Informal Type A Type B Type C Type D According the above stated four types of slum/informal areas, settlements former former desert Deteriorated Deteriorat on agricultural state land Historic ed Urban we find that types A and B are widely spread in Cairo.
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