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Chimpanzees Use of Sign Language
Chimpanzees’ Use of Sign Language* ROGER S. FOUTS & DEBORAH H. FOUTS Washoe was cross-fostered by humans.1 She was raised as if she were a deaf human child and so acquired the signs of American Sign Language. Her surrogate human family had been the only people she had really known. She had met other humans who occasionally visited and often seen unfamiliar people over the garden fence or going by in cars on the busy residential street that ran next to her home. She never had a pet but she had seen dogs at a distance and did not appear to like them. While on car journeys she would hang out of the window and bang on the car door if she saw one. Dogs were obviously not part of 'our group'; they were different and therefore not to be trusted. Cats fared no better. The occasional cat that might dare to use her back garden as a shortcut was summarily chased out. Bugs were not favourites either. They were to be avoided or, if that was impossible, quickly flicked away. Washoe had accepted the notion of human superiority very readily - almost too readily. Being superior has a very heady quality about it. When Washoe was five she left most of her human companions behind and moved to a primate institute in Oklahoma. The facility housed about twenty-five chimpanzees, and this was where Washoe was to meet her first chimpanzee: imagine never meeting a member of your own species until you were five. After a plane flight Washoe arrived in a sedated state at her new home. -
A Message from the President
Bulletin Toni Ziegler - Executive Secretary Volume 27, Number 1 March 2003 A Message from the President... “Now, when they come down to Canada Scarcely ‘bout half a year. .” Bob Dylan, “Canadee-i-o”, 1992 Annual Meeting in Calgary, August 2003 As usual, Dylan is right on the mark with his lyrics, since we are now fast approaching the 6-month mark to our annual meeting in Calgary, Alberta. By the time you receive this newsletter, abstracts will have been received and the scientific review will be underway by Marilyn Norconk and the rest of the program committee. This committee has already guaranteed a scientifically stimulating conference by arranging for invited presentations by Suzette Tardif, Linda Fedigan, Amy Vedder, and the receipient of the 2002 Distinguished Primatologist Award, Andy Hendrickx. The late meeting date (31 July – 2 August 2003) presumably allowed each of us to collect that last bit of crucial data needed for our abstracts! I look forward to hearing from all of you about the latest advances in primatology in disciplines ranging from anthropology to zoology, and having my students tell you about our recent research endeavors. ASP President Jeff French and Outstanding Poster Presentation winner Michael Rukstalis at the 2002 Oklahoma meetings World Politics and Primatology As I write these words in late February, the world faces an uncertain period where the risk of global instability is higher than at any other time in my 48-year lifetime. US and alllied troops are gathering around Iraq, North Korea is firing missiles into the Sea of Japan, and Pakistan and India are once again restless on their shared and disputed borders. -
Laboratory Primate Newsletter
LABORATORY PRIMATE NEWSLETTER Vol. 42, No. 2 April 2003 JUDITH E. SCHRIER, EDITOR JAMES S. HARPER, GORDON J. HANKINSON AND LARRY HULSEBOS, ASSOCIATE EDITORS MORRIS L. POVAR, CONSULTING EDITOR ELVA MATHIESEN, ASSISTANT EDITOR ALLAN M. SCHRIER, FOUNDING EDITOR, 1962-1987 Published Quarterly by the Schrier Research Laboratory Psychology Department, Brown University Providence, Rhode Island ISSN 0023-6861 POLICY STATEMENT The Laboratory Primate Newsletter provides a central source of information about nonhuman primates and re- lated matters to scientists who use these animals in their research and those whose work supports such research. The Newsletter (1) provides information on care and breeding of nonhuman primates for laboratory research, (2) dis- seminates general information and news about the world of primate research (such as announcements of meetings, research projects, sources of information, nomenclature changes), (3) helps meet the special research needs of indi- vidual investigators by publishing requests for research material or for information related to specific research prob- lems, and (4) serves the cause of conservation of nonhuman primates by publishing information on that topic. As a rule, research articles or summaries accepted for the Newsletter have some practical implications or provide general information likely to be of interest to investigators in a variety of areas of primate research. However, special consid- eration will be given to articles containing data on primates not conveniently publishable elsewhere. General descrip- tions of current research projects on primates will also be welcome. The Newsletter appears quarterly and is intended primarily for persons doing research with nonhuman primates. Back issues may be purchased for $5.00 each. -
A Path to Democratic Renewal"
PN-ABK-494 Best available copy -- portions of annexes are illegible PA -1\LK* A-+ National Democratic Institute National Republican Institute for International Affairs for International Affairs "A PATH TO DEMOCRATIC RENEWAL" A REPORT ON THE FEBRUARY 7, 1986 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION IN THE PHILIPPINES By the INTERNATIONAL OBSERVER DELEGATION Based on a January 26 to February 19, '.986 observer mission to the Philippines by forty-four delegates from nineteen countries National Democratic Institute National Republican Institute for International Affairs for International Affairs 1717 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Suite 605 001 Indiana Avenue, N.W., Suite 615 Washington, D.C. 20036 Washington. DC. 2000-1 (202) 328-3136 Telex 5106015068NDIIA (202) 783-2280 Te'ex 510',00016INRIIA Politicaldevelopment institutes workingfordemocracy DELEGATION MEMBERS J. Brian Atwood, USA Jerry Austin, USA Manuel Ayau, Guatemala Elizabeth Bagley, USA Smith Bagley, USA Ercol Barrow, Barbados Tabib Bensoda, the Gambia Mark Braden, USA John Carbaugh, USA Glenn Cowan, USA Curtis Cutter, USA Rick Fisher, USA Larry Garber, USA Raymond Gastil, USA Antonio Gomes de Pinho, Portuga B.A. Graham, Canada Guillermo Guevara, El Salvador Robert Henderson, USA Robert Hill, Australia John Hume, Northern Ireland Patricia Keefer, USA Martin Laseter, USA Dorothy Lightborne, Jamaica John Loulis, Greece Lord George Mackie, Scotland-UK Judy Norcross, USA Patrick O'Malley, Ireland Juan Carlos Pastrana, Colombia Misael Pastrana, Colombia Howard Penniman, USA Jose Rodriguez Iturbe, Venezuela Peter Schram, USA Keith Schuette, USA Ronald Sebego, Botswana Elaine Shocas, USA David Steinberg, USA Bill Sweeney, USA Dennis Teti, USA William Tucker, USA Steven Wagner, USA Kathleena Walther, USA Edward Weidenfeld, USA Curt Wiley, USA Sue Wood, New Zealand ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The sponsors wish to thank each of the memters of the delegation for their participation in this historic mission. -
When the Apes Speak, Linguists Listen. Part 1. the Ape Language Studies
Current Comments” EUGENE GARFIELD INSTITUTE FOR SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION* 3501 MARKET ST PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104 When the Apes Speak, Linguists Lfsten. Part 1. The Ape Language Studies Number 31 August 5, 1985 “Come open, “ “Hurry drink milk,” Tokyo, noted that apes do not lack the “You chase me,” and “Please machine intelligence needed for language. Rath- give milk” are all parts of conversations er, the most significant difference is be- between humans and apes. Since the late tween the human and chimpanzee vocal 1960s psychologists and anthropologists tracts.z Philip Lieberman, Department have launched intensive projects to of Linguistics, Brown University, Provi- teach great apes—such as the chimpan- dence, Rhode Island, reported differ- zee, gorilla, and orangutan—a form of ences in the structure of the oral cavity communication that is comparable to and less tongue mobility in chimpanzees human language. The apes are large tail- compared to humans. s In the chimpan- less primates that are classified just be- zee, the tongue is longer and narrower low humans in the evolutionary tree. Re- than the human tongue. The placement search on “animal linguistics” and the of the chimpanzee’s tongue and its ma- different approaches to it have resulted neuverability within the oral cavity pre- in debate among the ape language re- vent the chimpanzee from producing the searchers and among linguists as to the full range of vowel sounds necessary for definition and uniqueness of human lan- human speech, guage. This first part of a twopart essay Of the early efforts to teach spoken focuses on the ape language projects. -
August 17, 2012 Dear Dr. Geschwind, Dr. Lloyd, and Members of The
August 17, 2012 Dear Dr. Geschwind, Dr. Lloyd, and Members of the Working Group, In advance of the Working Group on the Use of Chimpanzees in NIH Supported Research’s September 5th meeting, NEAVS would like to take this opportunity to provide you with a list of over 835 members of the scientific, academic and health professional communities who support ending the use of chimpanzees in biomedical research and testing, and retiring the chimpanzees. This petition, combined with evidence published in peer-reviewed journals, demonstrates that the use of chimpanzees in research is not widely accepted in the scientific community, and chimpanzee research is unnecessary for human scientific and medical progress. There are compelling reasons to immediately retire chimpanzees being held for biomedical research and testing. Of the approximate 937 chimpanzees in U.S. labs, only about 10-20% are in active research protocols. Their use has decreased dramatically and is at an historic low. A citation analysis found that greater than 85% of chimpanzee studies are not cited or not cited with any relevance to human medicine. The remaining 15% had contributed little, if anything, to the outcome of studies reporting an advance in human clinical practice. The contributors to those studies’ findings were a wide array of in vitro research methods, human clinical and epidemiological investigations, molecular assays and methods, genomic studies, etc. These alternatives and others confirm research involving chimpanzees does not meet the IOM guiding principle that it be necessary to advance the public’s health. There are extensive and fundamental genetic reasons why chimpanzees, however closely related, are not and can never be good models for human research. -
Kiko Record on Appeal (Vol. 2 of 2)
New York County Clerk’s Index No. 150149/16 New York Supreme Court APPELLATE DIVISION — FIRST DEPARTMENT >> >> In the Matter of a Proceeding under Article 70 of the CPLR for a Writ of Habeas Corpus, THE NONHUMAN RIGHTS PROJECT, INC., on behalf of KIKO, Petitioner-Appellant, against CARMEN PRESTI, individually and as an officer and director of The Primate Sanctuary, Inc., CHRISTIE E. PRESTI, individually and as an officer and director of The Primate Sanctuary, Inc., and THE PRIMATE SANCTUARY INC., Respondents. RECORD ON APPEAL VOLUME II OF II Pages 394 to 780 CARMEN PRESTI, ELIZABETH STEIN, ESQ. individually and as an officer 5 Dunhill Road and director of The Primate New Hyde Park, New York 11040 Sanctuary Inc. 516-747-4726 2764 Livingston Avenue [email protected] Niagara Falls, New York 14303 and 716-284-6118 [email protected] STEVEN M. WISE, ESQ. (of the bar of the State of Respondent Pro Se Massachusetts) by permission of the Court CHRISTIE E. PRESTI individually and as an officer 5195 NW 112th Terrace and director of The Primate Coral Springs, Florida 33076 Sanctuary Inc. 954-648-9864 2764 Livingston Avenue [email protected] Niagara Falls, New York 14303 Attorneys for Petitioner-Appellant 716-284-6118 [email protected] Respondent Pro Se (Additional Counsel Continued Inside) Printed on Recycled Paper THE PRIMATE SANTUARY INC. 2764 Livingston Avenue Niagara Falls, New York 14303 716-284-6118 [email protected] Respondent Pro Se Table of Contents Page Volume I Pre-Argument Statement .......................................................................... 1 Notice of Appeal, dated February 9, 2016 ................................................ 5 Declined Order to Show Cause and Memorandum of the Honorable Barbara Jaffe, Appealed From ........................................ -
Quarterly Fall 2011 Volume 60 Number 4
AW I Quarterly Fall 2011 Volume 60 Number 4 AWI ABOUT THE COVER Quarterly ANIMAL WELFARE INSTITUTE QUARTERLY A wary deer peers out from a February forest. As deer flourish in the absence of natural FOUNDER predators, and suburbs extend tendrils into formerly wooded areas, deer-human conflicts Christine Stevens inevitably arise. In the past, these conflicts most often have been resolved through culling of deer populations. Immunocontraception drugs offer a way to keep deer populations in check DIRECTORS Cynthia Wilson, Chair through nonlethal, relatively nonintrusive means. Scientists, citizens, and many animal welfare John W. Boyd, Jr. advocates are increasingly supportive of immunocontraception as a humane method of Barbara K. Buchanan controlling wildlife populations in lieu of traditional lethal methods. On page 6, AWI examines Charles M. Jabbour the benefits of immunocontraception as well as the resistance to such methods by some. Mary Lee Jensvold, Ph.D. On page 28, we tell you about two upcoming conferences that address immunocontraception. Cathy Liss 10 Michele Walter Photo by Jon/Flickr.com OFFICERS Cathy Liss, President Cynthia Wilson, Vice President Charles M. Jabbour, CPA, Treasurer Barbara K. Buchanan, Secretary PRESIDENT OBAMA CHALLENGES SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ICELAND OVER WHALING Gerard Bertrand, Ph.D. Roger Fouts, Ph.D. In July, the Secretary of Commerce certified to President Obama that Iceland Roger Payne, Ph.D. was undermining the International Whaling Commission (IWC) and its treaty Samuel Peacock, M.D. because of its rogue whaling (AWI Quarterly, Spring 2011). The certification, made 12 14 Hope Ryden Robert Schmidt, Ph.D. under the Pelly Amendment of the Fishermen’s Protective Act (22 U.S.C. -
An Introduction to Psycholinguistics Examines the Psychology of Language As It Relates to Learning, Mind and Brain As Well As to Aspects of Society and Culture
0582505755_cover 5/10/05 8:00 am Page 1 PSYCHOLINGUISTICS AN INTRODUCTION TO General Editors: Geoffrey Leech and Mick Short An Introduction to Psycholinguistics examines the psychology of language as it relates to learning, mind and brain as well as to aspects of society and culture. How do we learn to speak and to understand speech? Is language unique to humans? Does language influence culture? Using non-technical language, and providing concrete examples, the authors explore: • How children learn to speak and read their native language • Deaf language education • Case studies of wild children and animals and what we can learn from these • Second language acquisition, second language teaching methods, and the problems associated with bilingualism • Language and the brain SECOND • The relationship between thought and language EDITION In this new edition the authors propose a radical new theory of grammar – natural grammar – which unlike other theories can account for both speech comprehension and speech production. Also taking into account the extensive growth in theory, research and practice, this new edition is an accessible and focused introduction to the key issues and the latest research in the field of psycholinguistics. Danny D. Steinberg is Professor Emeritus of Surugadai University and has previously taught at University of Hawaii and Rikkyo University. He is author of a number of books on semantic theory and psycholinguistics, including Semantics: An Interdisciplinary Reader in Philosophy, Linguistics and Psychology (with L. Jakobovits, 1971) and Psycholinguistics: Language, Mind and World (with H. Nagata and D. Aline, 2nd edition, 2000). Natalia V. Sciarini is an independent researcher, writer and translator, and works at the Research Services and Collections Department at Yale University. -
Use of Gesture Sequences in Captive Chimpanzee (Pan Troglodytes) Play
Anim Cogn DOI 10.1007/s10071-012-0587-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Use of gesture sequences in captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) play Maureen S. McCarthy • Mary Lee Abshire Jensvold • Deborah H. Fouts Received: 20 September 2011 / Revised: 4 December 2012 / Accepted: 10 December 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 Abstract This study examined the use of sensory Keywords Gestural communication Á Attentional state Á modalities relative to a partner’s behavior in gesture Chimpanzee Á Gesture sequence sequences during captive chimpanzee play at the Chim- panzee and Human Communication Institute. We hypoth- esized that chimpanzees would use visual gestures toward Introduction attentive recipients and auditory/tactile gestures toward inattentive recipients. We also hypothesized that gesture Numerous studies have examined the use of strings of sequences would be more prevalent toward unresponsive multiple gestures, or gesture sequences, by large-bodied rather than responsive recipients. The chimpanzees used apes. For example, Tomasello and colleagues (1994) found significantly more auditory/tactile rather than visual ges- that captive juvenile chimpanzees used gestures both singly tures first in sequences with both attentive and inattentive and in combinations. In that study, chimpanzees used about recipients. They rarely used visual gestures toward inat- 30 % of their gestures in combination with other gestures, tentive recipients. Auditory/tactile gestures were effective most often in a play context. Typically, these combinations with and used with both attentive and inattentive recipients. occurred when an individual used a play gesture, and the Recipients responded significantly more to single gestures recipient did not respond, which resulted in the individual than to first gestures in sequences. -
Apes, Darwinian Continuity, and the Law
APES, DARWINIAN CONTINUITY, AND THE LAW By Roger S. Fouts* This article proposes that the delusional worldview that "man" is outside of and above the other "defective" organic beings in nature is com- pletely without empirical scientific foundation. While respected members of academia have used this delusion to pander to the vanity of the educated members of the human species, this articlepresents solid empirical evidence from chimpanzee sign language research to contradict these speculations. The basic assumptions derived from this delusional view are examined and logically discredited. Finally, an alternativeand harmonious way of being is presented that is derived from the acceptance of the biological reality of continuity. I. PREFACE ................................................ 100 II. INTRODUCTION: THE DELUSION ....................... 102 A. Panderingto Human Arrogance and Vanity ............. 105 III. SIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES OF CHIMPANZEES ......... 107 A Cross-Fostering........................................ 107 B. Process Versus Stasis: Language Development in Ape and Child ............................................ 109 C. Cultural Transmission:Project Loulis ................... 109 D. Remote Videotaping ................................... 110 IV. OBJECTIONS TO THE DELUSIONAL WORLDVIEW ...... 112 A. The Pretentious Uniqueness of Rational Thought ........ 113 B. The Focus on Differences Rather than Similarities ....... 113 C. It Detracts from Interesting and Important Aspects of Human Nature ....................................... -
The Mind of the Chimpanr,Ee
w I i i Article I0 The Mind of the Chimpanr,ee JaneGoodall lr.-,,7ften I have gazed into a chimpan- was quite familiar with chimpanzees in the chimpanzee is more like us than is zee'seyes and wonderedwhat was going thewild. But Lucy, havinggrown up asa any other living creature. There is close on behindthem. I usedto look into Flo's, human child, was like a changeling, her resemblance in the physiology of our sheso old, so wise. What did she remem- essential chimpanzeenessovedaid by the two speciesand genetically, in the struc- ber of her young days? David Greybeard various human behaviours she had ac- ture of the DNA, chimpanzees and hu- had the most beautiful eyes of them all, quired over the years. No longer purely mans differ by only just over one per large and lustrous, set wide apart. They chimp yet eons away from humanity, she cent. This is why medical research uses somehow expressedhis whole personal- was man-made, some other kind of be- chimpanzees as experimental animals ity, his serene self-assurance,his inher- ing. I watched, amazed, as she opened when they need substitutesfor humans in ent dignity-and, from time to time, his the refrigerator and various cupboards, the testing of some drug or vaccine. utter determination to get his way. For a found bottles and a glass, then poured Chimpanzees can be infected with just long time I never liked to look a chim- herself a gin and tonic. She took the about all known human infectious dis- panzee straight in the eye-I assumed drink to the TV, turned the set on, flipped easesincluding those, such as hepatitis B that, as is the case with most primates, from one channel to another then.