Invasive Aquatic Plant Watch: Brittle Naiad

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Invasive Aquatic Plant Watch: Brittle Naiad Brittle naiad, brittle waternymph, or Minor naiad (Najas minor) is native to Europe and was introduced to North America in the 1930s. It has been recorded in 26 states, mostly east of the Mississippi River, and Ontario, Canada. Though patchily distributed throughout the states where found, it has a rapid growth rate. A Connecticut Agricultural Research Station Invasive Aquatic Plant Program lake survey in 2004 found it in 10 lakes, by 2005 it was in 20, and increased to 23 in 2006. It reproduces by seeds from flowers that develop in late spring to early summer and fragmentation (thus its common name).The tiny seeds are spread readily by waterfowl, boats, and boat trailers. Brittle naiad grows in water 15 cm to 2 meters in depth. The plant often appears compact and bushy but can reach one meter in length. The leaves are usually stiff, curled, and pointed with spines along the edges. It is sometimes confused with other naiads, but is the only Najas species whose spines on the leaf margins are visible to the naked eye. Another plant, coontail (Ceratophyllum demersum), is sometimes mistaken for the brittle naiad, however coontail’s leaves are arranged in whorls of four or five and the brittle naiad has opposite leaves. Naiads, or waternymphs, are widespread throughout North America, with five native species and three introduced. They are generally considered to be one of the most important food sources for waterfowl, which eats the entire plant, and offer habitat for aquatic invertebrates and small fish. Two other introduced naiads are Wright’s waternymph (N. wrightiana), in Florida and the ricefield waternymph (N. graminea), in California. As with all invasive plants, prevention is the best management tool. To avoid unwanted hitchhikers, rinse boats, trailers, tires, and wheel wells with a power hose, or use a dilute bleach solution, when leaving a lake. Any other equipment that was put in the water, such as snorkels, fins, boots, and waders should be also be rinsed..

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Resolution of Deep Angiosperm Phylogeny Using Conserved Nuclear Genes and Estimates of Early Divergence Times
ARTICLE Received 24 Mar 2014 | Accepted 11 Aug 2014 | Published 24 Sep 2014 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5956 OPEN Resolution of deep angiosperm phylogeny using conserved nuclear genes and estimates of early divergence times Liping Zeng1, Qiang Zhang2, Renran Sun1, Hongzhi Kong3, Ning Zhang1,4 & Hong Ma1,5 Angiosperms are the most successful plants and support human livelihood and ecosystems. Angiosperm phylogeny is the foundation of studies of gene function and phenotypic evolution, divergence time estimation and biogeography. The relationship of the five divergent groups of the Mesangiospermae (B99.95% of extant angiosperms) remains uncertain, with multiple hypotheses reported in the literature. Here transcriptome data sets are obtained from 26 species lacking sequenced genomes, representing each of the five groups: eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, Chloranthaceae and Ceratophyllaceae. Phylogenetic analyses using 59 carefully selected low-copy nuclear genes resulted in highly supported relationships: sisterhood of eudicots and a clade containing Chloranthaceae and Ceratophyllaceae, with magnoliids being the next sister group, followed by monocots. Our topology allows a re-examination of the evolutionary patterns of 110 morphological characters. The molecular clock estimates of Mesangiospermae diversification during the late to middle Jurassic correspond well to the origins of some insects, which may have been a factor facilitating early angiosperm radiation. 1 State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratoryof Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Institute of Biodiversity Science, Center for Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China. 2 Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guilin 541006, China.
[Show full text]
Reconstructing the Basal Angiosperm Phylogeny: Evaluating Information Content of Mitochondrial Genes
55 (4) • November 2006: 837–856 Qiu & al. • Basal angiosperm phylogeny Reconstructing the basal angiosperm phylogeny: evaluating information content of mitochondrial genes Yin-Long Qiu1, Libo Li, Tory A. Hendry, Ruiqi Li, David W. Taylor, Michael J. Issa, Alexander J. Ronen, Mona L. Vekaria & Adam M. White 1Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, The University Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, U.S.A. [email protected] (author for correspondence). Three mitochondrial (atp1, matR, nad5), four chloroplast (atpB, matK, rbcL, rpoC2), and one nuclear (18S) genes from 162 seed plants, representing all major lineages of gymnosperms and angiosperms, were analyzed together in a supermatrix or in various partitions using likelihood and parsimony methods. The results show that Amborella + Nymphaeales together constitute the first diverging lineage of angiosperms, and that the topology of Amborella alone being sister to all other angiosperms likely represents a local long branch attrac- tion artifact. The monophyly of magnoliids, as well as sister relationships between Magnoliales and Laurales, and between Canellales and Piperales, are all strongly supported. The sister relationship to eudicots of Ceratophyllum is not strongly supported by this study; instead a placement of the genus with Chloranthaceae receives moderate support in the mitochondrial gene analyses. Relationships among magnoliids, monocots, and eudicots remain unresolved. Direct comparisons of analytic results from several data partitions with or without RNA editing sites show that in multigene analyses, RNA editing has no effect on well supported rela- tionships, but minor effect on weakly supported ones. Finally, comparisons of results from separate analyses of mitochondrial and chloroplast genes demonstrate that mitochondrial genes, with overall slower rates of sub- stitution than chloroplast genes, are informative phylogenetic markers, and are particularly suitable for resolv- ing deep relationships.
[Show full text]
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Integrating early Cretaceous fossils into the phylogeny of living angiosperms: Anita lines and relatives of Chloranthaceae Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3bj1s569 Journal International Journal of Plant Sciences, 175(5) ISSN 1058-5893 Authors Doyle, JA Endress, PK Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1086/675935 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Int. J. Plant Sci. 175(5):555–600. 2014. ᭧ 2014 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 1058-5893/2014/17505-0006$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/675935 INTEGRATING EARLY CRETACEOUS FOSSILS INTO THE PHYLOGENY OF LIVING ANGIOSPERMS: ANITA LINES AND RELATIVES OF CHLORANTHACEAE James A. Doyle1,* and Peter K. Endress† *Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; and †Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland Editor: Patrick S. Herendeen Premise of research. Discoveries of fossil ﬂowers in Cretaceous rocks offer improved evidence for rela- tionships with living clades, but for more secure inferences formal phylogenetic analyses are desirable. We extend previous analyses of magnoliids, monocots, and basal eudicots to Aptian, Albian, and Cenomanian fossils related to the basal “ANITA” lines and Chloranthaceae. Methodology. We performed parsimony analyses of a morphological data set of Recent angiosperms and published fossils, with the arrangement of Recent taxa constrained to backbone trees based primarily on molecular data. Pivotal results. Not only Monetianthus (as previously inferred) but also Carpestella is nested within Nymphaeaceae, while Pluricarpellatia may be a stem relative of Cabombaceae or Nymphaeaceae. Anacostia (with Similipollis pollen) is nested within Austrobaileyales.
[Show full text]
Using Plastid Genome-Scale Data to Resolve Enigmatic Relationships Among Basal Angiosperms
Using plastid genome-scale data to resolve enigmatic relationships among basal angiosperms Michael J. Moore†‡, Charles D. Bell§, Pamela S. Soltis¶, and Douglas E. Soltis† †Department of Botany and ¶Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; and §Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70149 Communicated by David L. Dilcher, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, August 28, 2007 (received for review June 15, 2007) Although great progress has been made in clarifying deep-level as sister to magnoliids, Ceratophyllum, or as part of a clade with angiosperm relationships, several early nodes in the angiosperm magnoliids and Chloranthaceae, generally with low support (7, branch of the Tree of Life have proved difﬁcult to resolve. Perhaps 12, 15, 17, 19–24). The unstable relationships exhibited among the last great question remaining in basal angiosperm phylogeny these five major lineages of angiosperms are likely due to a involves the branching order among the ﬁve major clades of combination of the relatively ancient age of these taxa [at least mesangiosperms (Ceratophyllum, Chloranthaceae, eudicots, mag- four of which have fossil records that extend back Ͼ100 Mya to noliids, and monocots). Previous analyses have found no consistent the Early Cretaceous (25–29)], the short evolutionary branches support for relationships among these clades. In an effort to separating these lineages, and the relatively long branches lead- resolve these relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses ing to Ceratophyllum and to the basal lineages of monocots (2). of 61 plastid genes (Ϸ42,000 bp) for 45 taxa, including members of The increasing number of complete angiosperm plastid ge- all major basal angiosperm lineages.
[Show full text]
Clear Creek Gambusia Recovery Plan
CLEAR CREEK GAMBUSIA RECOVERY PLAN 1982 REaxERYPLAN Gmbusia heterochir H&bs, 1957 PREPAREDBY THEFUOGRANDEF'ISHESRECOVERYTERM April 16, 1980 TEAMMIaBERs Clark H&bs, Tern Leader, University of Texas Floyd E. Potter, Jr., Texas Parks and Wildlife Departlent AntImy EChelle, CRl.a&na State University Salmdor antreras-Balderas, University of Nuevo Leon Buddy Jensen, U.S. fish and Wildlife Semice Midmel D. Hatch, Nw @z&o Departmnt of Gam and fish TEZM CONSUIiTAJTt’S IMilfmd J?letd?er, National Park Service Willian McPherson, U.S. Soil Conservation Service CONTENTS Preface . ............ i Acknowledgments . ............. ii Part I - Review Background Introduction ........... ............ Description ............ ............. Taxonomic Status ......... ............ Distribution and Description of the Habitat . Habitat Requirements ....... ............ Associated Species ........ ............ Reproduction ........... ............ Threats Hybridization ........... ............ 4 Competition. ........... ............ 4 Development ............ ............ 5 Dam Deterioration ......... ............ 5 Recharge Zone ........... ............ 5 Runoff .............. ............ 6 Stream Perturbations . 6 Conservation Efforts . 7' Literature Cited . 8 Part II - The Action Plan . 9 Step-Down Outline . 9 i, Narrative .......................... Part III - Priorities, Responsibilities, Costs ......... 20 Part IV - Responses and Replies ................ 23 PREFACE The Clear Creek Gambusia Recovery Plan was developed by the Clear Creek Gambusia Recovery Team,
[Show full text]
Part 7. Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Nelumbonaceae, and Ceratophyllaceae
kTION BULLETIN 527 M arch v 1984 U Owl •21 luatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 7. Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Nelumbonaceae, and Ceratophyllaceae by C. B. Hellquist and G. E. Crow NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03824 ISSN: 0077-8338 University of New Hampshire Library' kTION BULLETIN 527 March, 1984 IU juatic Vascular Plants of New England: Part 7. Cabombaceae, Nymphaeaceae, Nelumbonaceae, and Ceratophyllaceae by C. B. Hellquist and G. E. Crow NEW HAMPSHIRE AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE DURHAM, NEW HAMPSHIRE 03824 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank Edward G. Voss, Carroll E. Wood, and Donald H. Les for their helpful comments on the manuscript. We are also grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for use of their collections: BRU, CONN, CUW, GH, HNH, KIRI, MASS, MAINE, NASC, NCBS, NHA, NEBC, VT, YU. A special thanks is extended to Pamela Bruns Brayton who prepared the illustrations. Permission to redraw some figures from Fassett's Manual of Aquatic Plants used in Figure 7 was kindly provided by the University of Wisconsin Press. This work is a result of research sponsored by the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station. The NHAES reserves the right to reproduce, publish or otherwise use, and to authorize others to use, the work for Government purposes notwithstanding notice of copyright. Copyright £ 1984 by the University of New Hampshire. No part of this work may be reproduced in any manner without permission from the authors and the University of New Hampshire. Programs of the New Hampshire Agricultural Experiment Station are open to all persons without regard to race, color, national origin or sex.
[Show full text]
Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and Their Evolutionary Implications
UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0d58r5r0 Journal Botanical Review, 84(2) ISSN 0006-8101 Authors Doyle, JA Endress, PK Publication Date 2018-06-01 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A. Doyle & Peter K. Endress The Botanical Review ISSN 0006-8101 Volume 84 Number 2 Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156-202 DOI 10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by The New York Botanical Garden. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self- archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Bot. Rev. (2018) 84:156–202 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-018-9197-6 Phylogenetic Analyses of Cretaceous Fossils Related to Chloranthaceae and their Evolutionary Implications James A.
[Show full text]
Ceratophyllaceae, Page 1 of 5 First Published on the Flora Mesoamericana Website, 2 Sep. 2015
Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 2 (1), Ceratophyllaceae, page 1 of 5 First published on the Flora Mesoamericana Website, 2 Sep. 2015. 52. CERATOPHYLLACEAE By F.R. Barrie. Herbs; perennial; aquatic, submersed; monoecious; aerenchyma present in stems and leaves, glabrous throughout. Roots absent. Stems suspended or anchored to the substrate. Leaves whorled, 3-11 per node, apetiolate, estipulate; blades filiform or two to four or more times dichotomously branched, the ultimate segments linear and finely to coarsely toothed. Flowers solitary, unisexual, actinomorphic, sessile or subsessile, subtended by an involucre of 8 to 15 linear bracts, 1.5 --2 mm; calyx and corolla absent; stamens 3 to numerous, c. 2 mm, 2-locular, longitudinally dehiscent, the connective projecting apically, bearing 2 or more small teeth; ovary 1, superior, 1-locular; ovule 1, pendulous; style 1, terminal, persistent, aciculate or awl-shaped; stigma decurrent within a stylar groove. Fruit an achene, ellipsoid, moderately compressed laterally, the surface smooth to papillose or tuberculate, the margin entire or winged, with or without basal, marginal and apical spines; seed 1, elliptical, without endosperm, the embryo well developed. 1 gen., 6 spp. Cosmopolitan. Bibliography: Les, D.H. Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl. 2: 246-250 (1993). 1. Ceratophyllum L. Dichotophyllum Moench By F.R. Barrie. Characters as for the family. Ceratophyllum is a genus of submerged aquatic herbs occurring in lakes, ponds, swamps and slow moving streams, found on all continents. It often forms dense vegetative mats. Flowers are submerged at anthesis and pollen is dispersed by water. Flora Mesoamericana, Volume 2 (1), Ceratophyllaceae, page 2 of 5 Duke (1962) suggested that C.
[Show full text]
2016 Lakes Year-End Report
BOROUGH OF MOUNTAIN LAKES MORRIS COUNTY, NJ 2016 YEAR-END REPORT LAKES MANAGEMENT PROGRAM BOROUGH OF MOUNTAIN LAKES 580 Rockport Road Hackettstown, NJ 07840 908-850-0303 December 24, 2016 1 Introduction The following report is submitted to the Borough of Mountain Lakes as a Year End Report summarizing the Aquatic Vegetation Management Program for Mountain Lakes in 2016. As in previous years, the program included weekly surveys of all lakes, biweekly unicellular phytoplankton sampling during June through August, herbicide and algaecide applications to control nuisance plants and phytoplankton, and a water quality monitoring program. Each lake shall be discussed individually regarding aquatic plant and phytoplankton management and water chemistry results. After the 2016 summary discussions, additional topics such as the fecal coliform sampling that occurred at Birchwood and Mountain Lake, water clarity at Mountain Lake, the Lakes Cleaning Program, and nutrient loading in all of the lakes will be discussed. Finally, a 2016 summary is presented as well as specific Lake Management strategies for 2017. Copies of all of the graphs and data utilized in this report are included in the Appendix of this report. Submersed Aquatic Macrophyte Summaries Scientific Name Common Name Observed 2016 Last Observed Myriophyllum spicatum Eurasian Water milfoil X Potamogeton epihydrus Ribbon-leaf Pondweed X Utricularia vulgaris Common Bladderwort 2012 Ceratophyllum echinatum Spiny Hornwort 2009 Ceratophyllum demersum Coontail 2012 Najas guadalupensis Southern Naiad X Najas flexilis Slender Naiad 2015 Potamogeton foliosus Leafy Pondweed X Nymphaea odorata White Water Lily X Nuphar variegata Spatterdock X Brasenia schreberi Watershield X Chara sp. Muskgrass X Potamogeton robbinsii Robbin’s Pondweed X Myriophyllum humile Low Water Milfoil 2011 Lemna minor Small Duckweed X Potamogeton amplifolius Bass Weed X Ludwigia sp.
[Show full text]
Ceratophyllum Demersum L
A WEED REPORT from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States This WEED REPORT does not constitute a formal recommendation. When using herbicides always read the label, and when in doubt consult your farm advisor or county agent. This WEED REPORT is an excerpt from the book Weed Control in Natural Areas in the Western United States and is available wholesale through the UC Weed Research & Information Center (wric.ucdavis.edu) or retail through the Western Society of Weed Science (wsweedscience.org) or the California Invasive Species Council (cal-ipc.org). Ceratophyllum demersum L. Coontail Family: Ceratophyllaceae Range: Throughout the United States, including all western states. Habitat: Ponds, slow-flowing streams, and ditches in temperate to tropical regions. Coontail tolerates low light levels and some turbidity, but not salinity. It grows best in high-nutrient water, in 8 to 16 ft of water. Origin: Coontail is considered a native in many areas of the world, including the western United States. Plants are sometimes sold as an aquarium or pond ornamental. Impacts: In natural areas, plants provide food and shelter for wildlife and are a desirable component of aquatic habitats. However, plants may develop dense sub-surface mats in high nutrient waters, channels, and controlled aquatic systems. Mats can inhibit water flow, block intake screens of water pumps, interfere with recreational activities, and create mosquito habitat. Submersed annual to perennial with somewhat firm, forked bottlebrush-like leaves and stems to ~8 ft long. Plants lack roots and exist free-floating or anchored to the substrate by specialized, finely divided buried stems (rhizoid shoots).
[Show full text]
Why the Monophyly of Nymphaeaceae Currently Remains Indeterminate: an Assessment Based on Gene-Wise Plastid Phylogenomics
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 3 May 2019 doi:10.20944/preprints201905.0002.v1 Article Why the monophyly of Nymphaeaceae currently remains indeterminate: An assessment based on gene-wise plastid phylogenomics Michael Gruenstaeudl 1,* 1 Institut für Biologie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: date; Accepted: date; Published: date Abstract: The monophyly of Nymphaeaceae (water lilies) represents a critical question in understanding the evolutionary history of early-diverging angiosperms. A recent plastid phylogenomic investigation claimed new evidence for the monophyly of Nymphaeaceae, but its results could not be verified from the available data. Moreover, preliminary gene-wise analyses of the same dataset provided partial support for the paraphyly of the family. The present investigation aims to re-assess the previous conclusion of the monophyly of Nymphaeaceae under the same dataset and to determine the congruence of the phylogenetic signal across different plastome genes and data partition strategies. To that end, phylogenetic tree inference is conducted on each of 78 protein-coding plastome genes, both individually and upon concatenation, and under four data partitioning schemes. Moreover, the possible effects of various sequence variability and homoplasy metrics on the inference of specific phylogenetic relationships are tested using multiple logistic regression. Differences in the variability of polymorphic sites across codon positions are assessed using parametric and non-parametric analysis of variance. The results of the phylogenetic reconstructions indicate considerable incongruence among the different gene trees as well as the data partitioning schemes. The results of the multiple logistic regression tests indicate that the fraction of polymorphic sites of codon position 3 has a significant effect on the recovery of the monophyly of Nymphaeaceae.
[Show full text]
Ancestral Traits and Specializations in the Flowers of the Basal Grade of Living Angiosperms
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms Endress, Peter K ; Doyle, James A DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/646.1 Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-119333 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Endress, Peter K; Doyle, James A (2015). Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms. Taxon, 64(6):1093-1116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12705/646.1 TAXON 64 (6) • December 2015: 1093–1116 Endress & Doyle • Flowers of basal living angiosperms REVIEW Ancestral traits and specializations in the flowers of the basal grade of living angiosperms Peter K. Endress1 & James A. Doyle2 1 Department of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland 2 Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, U.S.A. Author for correspondence: Peter K. Endress, [email protected] ORCID: PKE, http://orcid.org/000166228196; JAD, http://orcid.org/000240838786 DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12705/646.1 Abstract New morphological and phylogenetic data prompt us to present an updated review of floral morphology and its evolution in the basal ANITA grade of living angiosperms, Chloranthaceae, and Ceratophyllum. Floral phyllotaxis is complex whorled in Nymphaeales and spiral in Amborella and Austrobaileyales. It is unresolved whether phyllotaxis was ancestrally whorled or spiral, but if it was whorled, the whorls were trimerous.
[Show full text]