Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE UNIVERSITY OF DA NANG *********************

Public Disclosure Authorized

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT – DA NANG UNIVERSITY SUBPROJECT (FUNDED BY WORLD BANK)

Final

Public Disclosure Authorized Project location: Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city Public Disclosure Authorized

Public Disclosure Authorized

Da Nang – 2020

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE UNIVERSITY OF DA NANG *********************

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT – DA NANG UNIVERSITY SUBPROJECT (FUNDED BY WORLD BANK)

Final

SUBPROJECT PROJECT OWNER: CONSULTING UNIT: THE UNIVERSITY OF DA NANG INTERNATIONAL ENGINEERING CONSULTANT JOINT-STOCK COMPANY

Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS Ahs Affected Households CC Climate change AC Asphalt concrete CeC Cement concrete CMC Construction monitoring consultant DED Detailed engineering design DOC Department of Construction DOF Department of Finance DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment DOT Department of Transport DPI Department of Planning and Investment EE Energy efficiency EIA Environmental impact assessment ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment ECOP Environmental Code of Practice EMC External Monitoring Consultant EMP Environmental Management Plan EMS Environmental monitoring system FS Feasibility study IEMC Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant MOC Ministry of Construction ODA Ministry of Construction PMU/BQLDA People’s Committee PSC Project Steering Committee P/CPC Provincial/City People’s Committee RAP Resettlement Action Plan RE Renewable energy RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RP Resettlement Plan UBND People’s Committee URENCO Urban Environment Company WB World Bank

Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ...... 2 LIST OF TABLES ...... vi LIST OF FIGURES ...... viii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... ix INTRODUCTION ...... 1 I. Background ...... 1 I.1. Project background ...... 1 I.2. University of Danang Subproject ...... 2 I.2. FS and ESIA approval agencies, organizations ...... 3 I.3. Related projects and development plans ...... 4 II. Legal and technical bases of ESIA preparation ...... 9 II.1. National Regulations and Technical Bases ...... 9 II.2. World Bank’s Environmental and Social safeguard policies ...... 14 III. ESIA implementation arrangement ...... 17 III.1. Team members and Tasks ...... 23 III.2. ESIA Procedures ...... 24 III.3. ESIA methods ...... 24 CHAPTER 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 29 1.1. Project name ...... 29 1.2. Project Owner ...... 29 1.3. Location of subproject Area ...... 29 1.4. Scope of Investments ...... 31 1.5. Construction methods ...... 43 1.6. Labors, materials, machinery and equipment ...... 46 1.6.1. Construction phase ...... 46 1.6.2. Operation phase ...... 51 1.7. Disposal site ...... 53 1.8. Resettlement site ...... 54 1.9. Project implementation schedule and total investment fund ...... 56 1.10. Project implementation arrangement...... 58 CHAPTER 2. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ...... 60 2.1. Physical Conditions ...... 60 2.1.1. Geographical Location, Topography and Meteorology ...... 60 2.1.2. Climate, Meteorology ...... 61 2.1.3. Hydrology and Oceanology, water resources ...... 62 2.1.4. Existing Environmental Quality ...... 63 2.1.4.1. Air quality, noise and vibration ...... 66 2.1.4.2. Surface Water Quality ...... 67 2.1.4.3. Groundwater Quality ...... 67 2.1.4.4. Wastewater Quality ...... 68 2.1.4.5. Soil Quality ...... 69 2.1.5. Biological resources in subproject area ...... 70

Final Report iii Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

2.2. Socio-economic conditions ...... 71 2.2.1. Land area, Land Use ...... 71 2.2.2. Administrative units and population ...... 71 2.2.3. Poverty ...... 72 2.2.4. Economic characteristics ...... 72 2.2.5. Results of affted households survey in subproject area...... 73 2.2.6. Culture ...... 77 Medical and Healthcare ...... 79 2.2.7. 79 2.2.8. Education ...... 79 2.3. Infrastructure and related services ...... 83 2.3.1. Elevation of the subproject area ...... 83 2.3.2. Traffic ...... 83 2.3.3. Power supply, water supply...... 85 2.3.4. Drainage, wastewater collection and treatment ...... 85 2.3.5. Solid Waste Management ...... 87 2.4. Characteristics and existing status of the constructed buildings ...... 88 CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ...... 91 3.1. Positive impacts ...... 91 3.2. Negative Impacts and Risks ...... 91 3.2.1. Potential negative impacts and risks during clearance ...... 95 3.2.2. Potential adverse impacts during construction ...... 99 3.2.2.1. Generic impacts ...... 99 3.2.2.2. Site-specific impacts ...... 128 3.2.3. Potential adverse impacts during operation phase...... 131 3.2.3.1. Generic Operation Impacts ...... 131 3.2.3.2. Site-specific Impacts in operation phase ...... 134 3.2.4. Induced Impacts and Cumulative Impacts ...... 140 CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...... 143 4.1. “With” and "Without project" scenario ...... 143 4.2. Alternative Analysis ...... 144 4.2.1. Alternative analysis between traditional design and application of sustainable design for the subproject buildings ...... 144 CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 148 5.1. Mitigation measures ...... 148 5.1.1. Environmental considerations during Pre-FS and FS ...... 148 5.1.2. Mitigation measures to be incorporated into detail design ...... 151 5.1.3. Measures to address the impacts of land acquisition and resettlement ...... 153 5.1.4. Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase ...... 158 5.1.4.1. Generic impact mitigation measures ...... 158 5.1.4.2. Site- Specific Mitigation Measures ...... 178 5.1.4.3. Measures to minimize social and gender impacts ...... 185 5.1.5. Mitigation measures for Operational Phase ...... 186 5.1.5.1. Generic impact mitigation measures ...... 186 5.1.5.2. Site-specific impact mitigation measures ...... 189 5.2. Environmental Monitoring and Supervision ...... 197 5.2.1. Environmental Quality Monitoring ...... 197

Final Report iv Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

5.2.1.1. Monitoring Location, Parameters and Frequency on Construction Phase ...... 197 5.2.1.2. Monitoring Location, Parameters and Frequency on Operation Phase ...... 197 5.2.2. Compliance Monitoring and Supervision ...... 198 5.2.2.1. Environmental Duties of the Contractor ...... 198 5.2.2.2. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO) ...... 199 5.2.2.3. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC) ...... 199 5.2.2.4. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) ...... 200 5.2.2.5. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements ...... 200 5.2.2.6. Environmental Claims and Penalty System ...... 201 5.3. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities ...... 201 5.3.1. Institutional Arrangements ...... 201 5.3.2. Role and Responsibilities ...... 202 5.4. Subproject Owner Safeguard Capacity ...... 204 5.5. Capacity building, training ...... 208 5.6. Reporting ...... 209 5.7. Estimated Costs ...... 210 5.7.1. Estimated Costs for Environmental Monitoring Program ...... 210 5.7.2. Estimated cost for IEMC ...... 210 5.7.3. Estimated Costs for Training Program ...... 211 5.7.4. Total Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation ...... 211 5.8. Grievance redress mechanism (GRM) ...... 212 CHAPTER 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE .. 215 6.1. Objectives and principles of public consultation ...... 215 6.1.1. The objectives of public consultation ...... 215 6.1.2. Basic principle for public consultation ...... 215 6.1.3. Public consultation at residential area ...... 215 6.1.4. Consultation with Commune/township People’s Committee/Fatherland Front Committee ...... 216 6.2. Public consultation results ...... 216 6.2.1. Results of consultation with the communities ...... 217 6.2.2. Results of consultation with the students and lectures of existing univesities ...... 222 6.3. Information disclosure ...... 224 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 226 ANNEXES 227 ANNEX 1. DUE DILIGENT REVIEWS ...... 227 ANNEX 2. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATION MINUTES ...... 228 ANNEX 3. AGREEMENT ON DRAINAGE CONNECTION ...... 237 ANNEX 4. LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL- PRINCIPLES AT WORK IN THE LABORATORY ...... 239 APPENDIX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMIN LABORATORY ...... 245 APPENDIX 6. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN GUIDE ...... 252

Final Report v Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1. Detailed Description of Work Items for UD subproject ...... 32 Table 1.2. Investment volume of work items ...... 40 Table 1.3. Number of workers ...... 46 Table 1.4. List of main machinery and equipment ...... 47 Table 1.5. Volume of demolition, dredged material and excavation activities ...... 48 Table 1.6. Volume of materials on the construction phase ...... 48 Table 1.7. Some expected mines to be used for the UD subproject ...... 49 Table 1.8. List of main machinery and equipment in the Technopole ...... 51 Table 1.9. List of materials on the operation phase ...... 53 Table 1.10 Project implementation schedule ...... 56 Table 1.11 Investment items for components ...... 57 Table 2.1. Quantity Samples and Monitoring Parameters ...... 64 Table 2.2. Air Quality, Noise and Vibration ...... 66 Table 2.3. Surface Water Quality ...... 67 Table 2.4. Groundwater Quality ...... 68 Table 2.5. Wastewater characteristics ...... 68 Table 2.6. Soil Quality ...... 69 Table 2.7. Area and population density of Ngu Hanh Son district in 2018...... 72 Table 2.8. Summary of number of poor households in Ngu Hanh Son through years...... 72 Table 2.9. Income structure of AHs ...... 74 Table 2.10. Number of students/lecturers in 2019 and forecast until 2035 ...... 82 Table 3.1. Level of Negative Impacts of UD Subproject ...... 93 Table 3.2. Scope of affected land by UD subproject ...... 95 Table 3.3. Classification of affected households ...... 96 Table 3.4. Affected houses/structures...... 97 Table 3.5. Impact on trees and crops ...... 98 Table 3.6. Sources and scale of impacts in the construction phase ...... 99 Table 3.7. Forecasts on Dust from Demolition ...... 104 Table 3.8. Estimation of dust emission from the excavation and filling ...... 104 Table 3.9. Estimated dust load from material loading and unloading ...... 105 Table 3.10. Dust emission concentration due to loading and unloading ...... 105 Table 3.11. Dust load generated from transportation of demolition debris ...... 106 Table 3.12. Dust Emission Concentration from Transportation of Demolition Wastes...... 107 Table 3.13. Dust load generated from the transportation of excavated and backfilled soil ... 107 Table 3.14. Concentration of dust generated from transportation of excavated and backfilled soil ...... 107 Table 3.15. Dust load generated from the transportation of construction materials ...... 108 Table 3.16. Dust emission from transportation of materials ...... 108 Table 3.17. Dust sensitive seceptors on main routes ...... 109 Table 3.18. Emission Coefficient of All Air Pollutant Substance from Trucks ...... 111

Final Report vi Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 3.19. Exhaust emission from vehicles ...... 111 Table 3.20. DO Fuel Demand for Construction Machines and Equipments ...... 112 Table 3.21. Emission Coefficient and Emission Load due to DO Combustion Engines ...... 112 Table 3.22. Sensitive receptors affected by dust during construction phase ...... 113 Table 3.23. Noise level by the distance of machine of work items ...... 114 Table 3.24. Sensitive receptors by noise ...... 115 Table 3.25. Vibration Level of Typical Equipment Within 10m Distance ...... 116 Table 3.26. Vibration by Distance During Construction of buildings ...... 117 Table 3.27. Flow of rainwater runoff during construction ...... 118 Table 3.28 Amount of wastewater generated in the construction camps ...... 119 Table 3.29. Load of pollutants in domestic wastewater on construction phase ...... 119 Table 3.30. Domestic wastewater quality ...... 119 Table 3.31. Volume of construction solid waste during construction phase ...... 120 Table 3.32. Volume of Domestic Solid Waste Generated from Construction ...... 121 Table 3.33. Physical Cultural Resources impacted in Construction phase ...... 129 Table 3.34. University’s staffs and students impacted during the constrution phase ...... 130 Table 3.35. Load of pollutants in exhaust gas from the backup generator ...... 132 Table 3.36. Noise level of major devices in the UD (dBA) ...... 133 Table 3.37. Classification of hazardous waste types ...... 136 Table 4.1. Comparing cases of “with” and “without” subproject ...... 143 Table 4.2. Analysis of design alternatives ...... 144 Table 5.1. Cost estimation for resettlement implementation plan of Da Nang subproject .... 154 Table 5.2. Mitigation measures during pre-construction phase...... 156 Table 5.3. Environmental Codes of Practices for Addressing General Construction Impacts (ECOPs) ...... 159 Table 5.4. Site-specific mitigation measures in the construction phase ...... 178 Table 5.5. Impact mitigation measures on PCRs at the construction site ...... 183 Table 5.6. Proposed measures to minimize social and gender impacts ...... 185 Table 5.7. Envionmental Monitoring Program Construction phase ...... 197 Table 5.8. Envionmental monitoring program operation phase ...... 198 Table 5.9. Annotation on Roles and Responsibilities ...... 202 Table 5.10. Advanced Training Program on Environmental Monitoring Management Capacity ...... 208 Table 5.11. Regular Reporting Requirements ...... 209 Table 5.12. Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis ...... 210 Table 5.13. Estimated Costs of IEMC ...... 211 Table 5.14. Estimated Costs for Training and Capacity Building ...... 211 Table 5.15. Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation ...... 212 Table 5.16. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 213 Table 6.1. Results of the first consultation with the communities ...... 217 Table 6.2. Results of the second public consultation with the communities ...... 220

Final Report vii Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 6.3. The results of consultation with students and lectuters in the existing university/colleges ...... 222

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Location of UD subproject in the planning ...... 30 Figure 1.2: Diagram of subproject implementation arrangement...... 59 Figure 2.1: Location of UD subproject in UD village ...... 60 Figure 2.2: River systems in Da Nang city and subproject area...... 63 Figure 2.3: Environmental quality sampling location ...... 65 Figure 2.4: Chart of occupation of the employees...... 73 Figure 2.5: Chart of housing type of affected households ...... 75 Figure 2.6: Chart of healthy condition of affected people ...... 76 Figure 2.7: Location of sensitive receptors ...... 78 Figure 2.8: Concentrated wastewater treatment plants in Da Nang city ...... 87 Figure 2.9: Locations of Faculties/Colleges within and beyond the subproject area ...... 89 Figure 3.1: Locations of the main transportation routes for material and wastes ...... 109 Figure 3.2: Intersections may be affected by construction activities ...... 124 Figure 5.1: Typical genset installation showing noise control measures ...... 187 Figure 5.2: Treatment system diagram by septic tank ...... 188 Figure 5.3: Chemical fume hood, ceiling-mounted fume hood and chemical fume extractor190 Figure 5.4: Chemical wastewater treatment technology diagram for labs ...... 191 Figure 5.5: Organization diagram for ESMP Implementation ...... 201

Final Report viii Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Project Background and Proposals. Vietnam National Universities of Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) and VNU-HN) and the University of Da Nang (UD) – the leading universities in Viet Nam are identified a need of further development in terms of technical infrastructures, quality of teaching and research and accreditation toward the regional and international standards. Under the proposal of Viet Nam National University Development Project, the Government has requested the World Bank (WB) to support finance for construction of the technical infrastructures and improvement of the academic activities for them with an aim of improving the relevance and quality of the graduates and research products and their governance and financing mechanisms. VNUDP would support the Government’s goal to meet the demand for (a) an increased quantity and quality of skilled graduates (to serve the national socio-economic development needs); (b) enhanced quality and relevance of research (to serve national priority sectors and transfer knowledge and technology for the innovation-led economy); and (c) more connected community engagement (to serve the regional socio-economic needs). UD is the key training and scientific research center in the Executive building and Western highland of Vietnam. It has 6 member-universities, 12 affiliated units, 3 research institutes, 35 research and transfer centers, and 26 research teams. Its training programs are focused on economics, education, technology and state management. UD has had about 100 articles published in ISI/SCOPUS journals yearly in the past few years. In regard to internationalization, UD has implemented 6 joint programs and signed memoranda of understanding with 142 international universities in Japan, Korea, UK, the US, Iceland, Finland, etc., which allow credit transfer, staff exchange and collaborative research. Objectives of UD Subproject are as follows: - Overall objectives: Develop UD to be a training, scientific research and technological development center that meet international standards so as to provide qualified human resources for every stage of national socio-economic development and matching scientific and technological development of the world - Specific objectives: (i) Accomplish technical infrastructure for enhancement of teaching, research and technology transfer of UD, and establish a flatform for an international-standard university in the Central Region-Highlands of Vietnam; (ii) improve the working environment for staff, lecturers and researchers as well as enhance student’s accommodation, study and research activities towards a smart, green, energy- saving and eco-friendly university; (iii) Enhance the quality of training, scientific research and technology transfer in order to satisfy international standards and requirements of the Industrial Revolution 4.0; (iv) Help to gain the goals of gender equality, supporting ethnic students and those in disadvantaged areas to access to advanced and international accommodation, learning and research environments. With such objectives, the UD Subproject aims to 3 following components: ➢ Component 1: Quality of Teaching and Learning (A1) University of Technology and Education, 5.3ha: New construction of 4 buildings include 01 building for working with 05 storeys, floor area of 8,500 m2; 02 buildings for study with 05 storeys, floor area of 30,000 m2; 01 building for testing and practicing with 03 storeys, floor area of 6,642 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) (A2) University of Foreign Languages Studies, 5.0ha: New construction of 2 buildings include 01 building for working with 05 storeys, floor area of 10,500 m2; 01

Final Report ix Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

building for study with 05 storeys, floor area of 7,500 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) (A3) International University, 6.1ha: New construction of 2 buildings include 01 building for office works with 05 storeys, floor area of 4,350 m2; 01 building for studying and experimenting with 05 storeys, floor area of 9,750 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) (A4) Multi-purpose sport complex, 5.1ha: New construction of 5 buildings include 03 dormitory buildings with 05 storeys, floor area of 11,340 m2; 01 building for study with 05 storeys, floor area of 9,750 m2; 01 canteen building with 1 storey, floor area of 3,413 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) (A5) Center of the University of Da Nang, 9.5ha: Construction of 01 central administration building with 9 storeys, total floor area: 19,170m2; Construction of auxiliary works (Auxiliary structures: yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) ➢ Component 2: Research Excellence and Knowledge Transfer (i) New construction of advanced technical infrastructure (B1), including: internal roads, power, water supply and wastewater treatment systems, trees, Information technology infrastructure, etc. within 40ha area of UD’s planned area in Da Nang city (ii) Construction of Technopole Center and Innovation Quarter, 6.8ha (B2) technical infrastructure and laboratories, including: New construction of 5 buildings include 01 building for office works with 05 storeys, floor area of 8,500 m2; 04 high-tech laboratory buildings with 03 storeys, floor area of 15,600 m2; New construction of Wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 500 m3/day. ➢ Component 3: Governance and Project Management The activities in this component will include (i) establishing a modern governance model (human resources, organization, and financing); (ii) using information and technology for more effective administration and management; (iii) project management including environmental and social management. An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESIA/ESMP, this document) has been prepared to meet the requirements of the World Bank’s Safeguard Policies. Public consultations were carried out during the preparation of the draft ESIA. The Project will also comply with applicable Vietnamese environmental legislations. The draft ESIA/ESMP has been disclosed locally in Project area in Feb 2020 and on the Bank website at the end of Feb 2020. The main contents of the ESIA/ESMP includes: Chapter 1: Project Description Chapter 2: Socio-economic and Environmental Baseline Conditions Chapter 3: Environmental and social Impacts Assessment Chapter 4: Analysis of Alternatives Chapter 5: Environmental and Social Management Plan Chapter 6: Public Consultations and Information Disclosure Conclusions and Recommendations This ESIA is prepared for construction works under the Component 1 and 2 (including 7 new construction works A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and B1, B2 and technical infrastructure within an area

Final Report x Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

of 40ha mentioned above), excluding non-structural works under Component 1 & 2; Component 3. 2. Baseline Conditions Da Nang Subproject site is located within about 40 ha of the the Da Nang University Village in Hoa Quy, Dien Ngoc of Da Nang and Quang Nam provinces. The topography in the subproject area is in the Central Coastal Region which has a flat dry-sandy terrain under the coastal plain of Da Nang city, with an average elevation of +4.2m. The project area has a stable soil foundation with good load strength, suitable for construction of high buildings. The subproject area is situated in a tropical climate region which is divided into 2 distinct seasons as the rainy and dry seasons with high humidity. Sometimes, the proposed subproject is also affected by tide and storms. The existing ambient environmental quality such as air, water, and soil quality is still good and meets national technical regulations and IFC standards. There are no any natural habitats within or adjacent to the subproject area. Ecological features in the subproject area is typically of urban ecosystem. The flora and fauna species in the subproject area are not of rare, endangered or threatened species that were listed in the IUCN Redbook-2016, Vietnam Redbook-2007, and Decree 160/2013/ND-CP on the criteria for determining species and management for species under the list of rare, endangered or threatened species prioritized for protection. The population density in Hoa Quy ward was 1,138 persons/km2. No ethnic minority people have been living in the subproject area. The poverty rate in Hoa Quy ward was 46% (335 households) in total of Ngu Hanh Son district. The labor force was distributed unevenly in the various jobs. The prevalent jobs were farmers, small-businesses, non-skill workers, officials. Overall, the subproject area is located in a favorable position for transportation. Distances from the subproject area to main roads, such as the 1A, 14B highway, provincial road 604 are about 1 km to 2 km. The local systems for collecting solid domestic wastes at the ward level have been well operated. 92% of households within the subproject area have registered to be collected solid wastes daily. The drainage systems outside the subproject area are well developed to connect with four domestic wastewater treatment plants in Da Nang city. The subproject area is using water provided by the Ngu Hanh Son water supply branch. Land in the subproject area is mainly used for urban, non-agricultural purpose and cultivation of annual crops. There are four sensitive receptors will be affected by the subproject investment including Hai An Pagoda, Khai Tay Santurary, Temple of Le Trung families, and Temple of Pham families. The distance of these receptors from the subproject area is about 100 m to 200m. There are 1,500 graves to be displaced. All graves will be relocated to Hoa Ninh cemetery, Hoa Vang district, about 20km from the project area toward the Northwest. 3. Potential Social and Environmental Impacts and Risks The Project has been classified as Environmental Category B by the World Bank. The social and environmental potential impacts and risks have been identified and assessed in Chapter 3 of the ESIA. Overall, the subproject would bring about significantly positive social and environmental impacts during operation phase. The social benefits that could be brought by the subproject during the construction and operation include (i) increase opportunities of employment and income for local people through an increase in the demand of labor market and the associated services; (ii) improvement of health and safety of students and staff, gender issues and social equality due to the contribution of the sustainable designing of educational facilities and the good practices of operation and maintenance; (iii) notably, the socioeconomic development because of the availability of

Final Report xi Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

qualified labor forces trained by the university, which contributes to the national integration into the regional and international arena. Apart from social positive impacts, once the UD subproject comes into operation, it will bring about positive impacts on environment: (i) form a university urban geology area with green space and creative area, etc. creating positive academic climate for students and lecturers of the University; (ii) Increase the coverage of green trees within the University campus; (iii) invest high-end infrastructure with water, wastewater, solid waste collection system in accordance with the standards; (iv) have environmental friendly structures with the purpose of using green energy and energy saving, adaptation to climate change. Beside the significant positive impacts, the ESIA assessed that there would be also some negative impacts and risks during the pre-construction, construction and operations of the infrastructure provided under the subproject. Pre-construction Impacts and Risks The University Village of Da Nang, including universities, research centers/institutes and experimental lab area will be locate in an area of 300ha, in which 110ha belong to Da Nang city and 190ha is of Quang Nam province. Of 110ha in Da Nang, 40 ha was cleared for constructing the Viet-Han University of Information Technology and some functional buildings since 2004 and 2009. The remaining 70ha area needs to be cleared in which 40ha is required for the Bank financed project. To clear 70ha, 468 households (HHs) would be affected and have to relocate. A resettlement site of 20ha also needs to be cleared and infrastructure constructed to relocate the 468HHs. There are also 1,500 graves will have to relocate. For the subproject, the 70ha for construction of UD subproject was not conducted with UXO clearance. Therefore, UXO detection and clearance will carried out before commencement of any construction work with more details provided in the ESMP. Construction Impacts and Risks Da Nang University subproject will also have some potentially negative environmental and social impacts, mainly during construction of works including: increased level of dust, noise and vibrations level due to earth works; generation waste and waste water; labor and community safety; traffic disruption and congestion damage to existing infrastructure and public services and social issues relating to labor influx especially gender-based violence, sexual harassment and abuse, and child labor. The negative impacts have been considered temporary, localized and manageable. Air quality impacts: Air quality at both construction areas and along transportation routes would remain within applicable standards QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. The workers at the site and the households along the transportation routes, students and staffs in current buildings and dormitories would be the main receptors affected by dusts and exhaust emission; noise pollution; vibration. The potential impacts on air quality will be managed by known measures such as the use construction plants of which emission levels meet applicable standards, watering the sites, covering under constructed buildings, trucks and materials dumps, provide PPEs including face masks for the workers to use etc. Such measures together with the others for addressing common construction impacts are presented in the ESIA in the form of Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP) and Workers Codes of Conducts. Waste and wastewater generation: The Da Nang subproject will generate approximately 200,000 m3 of biomass, dismantling materials, top soil from site clearance, demolition and earthworks. As the heavy metal contents in top soils are within allowable limits of QCVN 03- MT:2015/BTNMT, the excavated materials (75,000 m3) will be reused at the existing nursery ground or for ground levelling. In addition, 125,000 m3 of construction wastes such as dismantling materials, packaging materials, scrap iron and steels etc. and will also be generated.

Final Report xii Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Some of these materials can be recycled through available private businesses. Noticeably, when up to 1,200 workers to be mobilized at the site at peak duration, of which 30% (300 workers) will live at the camps, it was estimated that 150 kg of solid domestic wastes and approximately 13.5 m3 of wastewater will be generated each day from workers’ camps. It is also estimated that about 10-20kg welding pieces are redundant for each completed work item. If not properly managed, such volume of wastes and wastewater would generate bad odor, cause nuisance and environmental pollution, and affect public health. The ESIA proposed to provide mobile septic tanks for collecting and treating this domestic wastewater. Ecological impacts and landscape change: Site clearance would remove vegetation cover in 152,800 m2 rice field, 15,000 m2 vegetable crop land, 27,500 fruit trees and other wood trees. These vegetation and trees will be permanently cut down and may affect the ecosystem in the subproject area. With such removal, landscape will be changed from green land into barren soil during the construction phase. However, after subproject completion, trees and grass will also be planted to create a green landscape for the university campus. Occupational Health and Safety risks to the Workers Workers were also identified as one of the key concerns during construction phase of Da Nang subproject, particularly in relation to the construction of multiple-storey buildings and working in summer season with hot weather. Potential risk during construction phase may be accident, electric shock, fire, explosion and leakage of fuel. The risk of accidents often involves deep excavation areas, stockpiles of materials and waste, machinery and truck operations, bulky materials such as scaffolding, temporary open ditch areas, etc. Explosion hazards include transportation and storage of fuel, power lines or electricity consumption. Workers' health will be affected by noise, dust and emissions from materials, waste and machinery. Labor influx and social impacts The mobilization of about 1,200 workers, 300 of those may come from other localities to live and work in the project area during the construction period of 2 to 3 years may lead to social disturbance or even conflict to arise due to increased competition for public service provision, increased burden on local health services, gender-based violence, inflation of prices, increased in traffic and safety risks. Social conflicts may also happen due to worker's language and/or behavior not suitable to local customs particularly if they involve in drinking, gambling, sexual harassment or prostitution. Construction impacts, waste and wastewater generation from camps causing nuisance, disturbance or even disruption of daily activities of local communities may also lead to social conflicts. Additionally, women and girls are disproportionately affected by gender - based violence (GBV) across the globe. This includes acts that inflict physical, sexual or mental harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion, and other deprivations of liberty. These acts can occur in public or in private. Besides, child labor force may be abused in case contractors recruit workers with ages lower than 15 or between 15 and 18 without agreement of their families/patronizers according to Law on Labor, 2012. By analyzing the background of the workers and local authorities communities and past experience from similar projects in the area, the ESIA concluded that will be predictable, mitigable and manageble. The measures proposed for mitigating social conflicts presented in the Workers Codes of Conducts, in which the importance of appropriate behavior, alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations will be outlined for application. Each employee shall be informed of the Code of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the subproject information centers or other places easily accessible to the communities. To mitigate social impacts, the Contractor is responsible for registering workers with the local authorities for temporary residence and providing appropriate training to all staffs/workers according to their level of responsibility for

Final Report xiii Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

environmental, health and safety matters. Operation Impacts and Risks The potential impacts during operation include the management of waste and wastewater generated from laboratories and domestic activities. These potential impacts are expected to be at low to moderate levels, site-specific and could be mitigated to the acceptable levels by appropriate design, and good construction and management practice. Negative environmental and social impacts mainly include generation of solid waste and wastewater especially wastes from laboratories which is considered hazardous waste, OHS incidents. The negative impacts during operation have been considered moderate in terms of the magnitude, and manageable. The mitigation measures are accordingly provided in the ESMP of the ESIA. Domestic wastewater: Due to concentration of many students, lecturers, researchers and administrative staff with a total of 16,700 people, domestic wastewater generation is estimated about 20 liters/person/day, and thus total volume of wastewater is 334 m³/day. The domestic wastewater will be collected and treated by the city domestic wastewater treatment plant. Laboratory wastewater: The composition, properties and concentration of laboratory wastewate is unstable that changes a lot depending on the frequency, number, type and purpose of the experiment. Estimated amount of wastewater is about 5,7 m³/day. Wastewater will be collected separately and treated by physio-chemical and biological methods to meet national technical regualtions before discharged into the city wastewater drainage system. Domestic solid waste: Sources of solid waste from the universities include domestic waste, office garbage (paper, packaging, pens, etc.). Volume of domestic solid waste is estimated about 8.35 tons/day. The wastes shall be collected and treated by the Da Nang Urban Environment Company in accordance with Decree 59/2007/ND-CP and Decree 38/2015/ND-CP on waste management. Hazardous waste: Hazardous waste include expired battery, neon light, mouse glue, empty detergent containers and is about 1-15kg/month. The laboratories activities would generate hazardous waste, such as broken chemical containers, empty chemical containers, expired chemicals, fats and oils, lubricants from maintenance activities, broken electrical equipment such as lights, computer, keyboard; failure battery; sprayers. Hazardous waste will be treated in accordance with Circular 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on hazardous waste management. The subproject will also apply good internaltioanl practices on storage and transportation of hazardous waste. Traffic Safety: Operation of about over 16,700 motorbikes and cars of students and lecturers at rush hours (i.e. 6-8 hours a.m. and 4 - 6 hours p.m.) will put a heavy pressure on local traffic, especially in the areas around the university. Thus, traffic accident and congestion would likely happen and causes direct, indirect impacts on socio-economic development activities at the locality. The university and local government need to take into account the good traffic management practices to mitigate negative impacts from the increased traffic volume. Fire, explosions and short circuit risks: The university is fully equipped with the facilities so the need for electricity for lighting, air conditioners, computers, laboratory equipment, etc. is quite large and thus there is a potential risk of failure of electrical safety. In addition, repair and maintenance activities with electric and oxyacetylene welding would also potentially cause fire and explosion risks. The university has plenty of combustible materials such as furniture, books, materials, chemicals and large number of motorcycles using gasoline at the garage and parking lots and a standby generators using diesel oil, so there is a potential risk of fire. To mitigate risks, the electrical system is designed and installed of with full electrical safety devices such as fire-resistant materials, automatic circuit breaker overload protection & short-circuit, leakage

Final Report xiv Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

protection. Design and arrange the items in compliance with fire regulations. The subproject profile of the fire-fighting must be approved by the authorized agency. A Life and Fire Safety Master Plan identifying major fire risks, applicable codes, standards and regulations, and mitigation measures should be prepared by a suitably qualified professional before operation of buildings. Laboratory risks: Laboratory activities may cause risk to the health of students and laboratory personnel due to potential exposure to chemicals especially toxic chemicals such as acids, bases, salt of heavy metals and cianide, organic solvents, bacteria etc. The risk of toxic effects is related to both the extent of exposure and the inherent toxicity of a chemical. Exposure to even large doses of chemicals with little inherent toxicity, such as phosphate buffer, presents low risk. In contrast, even small quantities of chemicals with high inherent toxicity or corrosivity may cause significant adverse effects. The duration and frequency of exposure are also critical factors in determining whether a chemical will produce harmful effects. A single exposure to some chemicals is sufficient to produce an adverse health effect; for other chemicals repeated exposure is required to produce toxic effects. For most substances, the route of exposure (through the skin, the eyes, the gastrointestinal tract, or the respiratory tract) is also an important consideration in risk assessment. For chemicals that are systemic toxicants, the internal dose to the target organ is a critical factor. Exposure to acute toxicants can be guided by well defined toxicity parameters based on animal studies and often human exposure from accidental poisoning. Training on OHS, using PPE and the good ventilation of laboratories will be applied to minimize the risks. 4. Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) To address the identified and assessed potential impacts and risks identified in Chapter 3, mitigation measures have been proposed and presented under Chaterp 5. At Feasibility Study and Engineering stages, engineering and greening solutions were proposed for incorporation into the technical design to address some impacts during operation phase, for examples: ...etc. For pre-construction impacts and risks, UXO clearance shall be implemented in accordance with Circular 146/2007/TT-BQP dated 11 June 2007 on management and implementation of UXO clearance, and QCVN 01:2012/BQP issued by Ministry of Defense on UXO clearance. The subproject owners shall contract with a competent military agency to clear all UXO to the depth of five meters from the ground surface of the construction sites. The detailed plan for removal of UXO shall be disclosed to local people, the university staff and students in the affected area in a timely manner before UXO clearance starts. A Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) has been prepared to address land acquisition impacts of the subproject. An estimated budget at approximately 1,221.7 billion VND (about 51.989 million USD) for land acquisition and compensation, and for livelihood compensation program (detail see RAP). All affected people having assets in or residing within the project area before the cut-off date are compensated for the damage. Those who lose income and/or livelihood will be assisted to restore their livelihoods based on the eligibility criteria defined by the project in consultation with the project affected persons. If by the end of the project, livelihoods have been shown not being restored as before the project level, additional measures will be provided. All households are acquiesced agricultural land will be compensated in cash at 100% replacement cost. Houses/structures of affected households regardless of legal status will be compensated by 100% of replacement cost if built before the cut-off date. For houses and structures that are partially dismantled and the remaining unqualified places will be compensated for the whole house at the replacement cost, for the structure/house is partially dismantled but the remaining is eligible to stay, apart from the compensation value for the dismantled area, the affected

Final Report xv Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

persons will be supported an additional 30% of the value of the dismantled part to restore the previous status or improve it better. The replacement cost is calculated for rebuilding new house/structure excluding the depreciation and a deduction for reused materials. There is a resettlement area (12ha) will be constructed before site clearance starting. The relocation of affected 1,500 graves will be done on the basis of full consultation with the affected households to meet their customs and habits regarding to relocation of graves. Compensation payment for affected graves includes full costs associated with a) land for reburial, b) excavation, c) relocation, d) reburial, e) construction of new tombs, and f) other reasonable related costs which are necessary to meet local customs and habits. For construction impacts and risks The mitigation measures for common construction impacts have been proposed under the form of Environmental Codes of Practices (ECOP, Table xxx in the main report) for incorporation into construction bidding documents. For example, the contractors are required to inform local communities at least two weeks before construction commencement. They must ensure that the trucks must be covered during transportation of construction materials, or drainage and sedimentation traps must be installed to prevent sedimentation in surfacewater sources, ground area to be disturbed must be kept minimal, site protection measures must be applied to manage safety risks for both the workers and local communities, adequate protective cloths and camp facilities must be provided for the workers to use to protect occupational health etc. In addition, site-specific mitigation measures such as installation of sheet piles at deep excavation to prevent land slide risks were also proposed, such measures were presented in the form ready for inclusion into bidding documents. The site-specific mitigation measures at sensitive-receptors are presented below: The Workers Code of Conducts were also developed as part of ECOP to address the concerns that may be arisen from labour influx (although quite small). In addition, the ESMP also proposed that training on HIV/AIDs awareness for the workers and construction supervision teams will also be provided during the implementation of this subproject. The estimated cost for this training is 335,000,000 VND (equal to 14,255 USD). For operation impacts and risks Air quality management in labs: All labs of the university will be equipped by modern equipments: modern suction fan and ventilation system; hazardous gas suction cabinet; solvent steam with treatment system (absorbed by active charcoal) before discharging to the environment, minimizing the emissions from labs. Lab wastewater. It is expected to build a experimental wastewater treatment plant with capacity from 30 to 50 m3/day at the behind of the Technopole building. The wastewater collection and treatment system from laboratories must be built/installed separately and attent to classification and reduction solutions. Wastewater qualified with QCVN40:2011/BTNMT column B before discharging into the drainage culverts of the University of Da Nang on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, then connecting to with the city drainage system and treated by Hoa Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. This work item will be updated in detail during the FS period. Hazadous waste management. The Technopole Operator will register the source of hazardous waste with DONRE as required by MONRE Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30 June 2015. Hazardous waste will be contained in the barrels/contained house and labeled in accordance with current regulations. Packaging materials of the chemical will be returned to the supplier. All hazardous waste will be transported to and disposed of Khanh Son Landfill/waste treatment plant for waste and hazardous waste in Hoa Khanh Nam ward, Lien Chieu district by licensed dealers.

Final Report xvi Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Labs operation Risks. (i) Measures to minimize leakages of chemical fumes, (ii) Risk prevention from usage of laboratory chemicals and instruments; (iii) Safe operation of equipment and machines; (iv) Safety rules and laboratory first aid; (v) Rules for students on doing experiments and (vi) Rules for lecturers are presented in Chapter 5. The ESMP proposed an institutional arrangement and identified responsibilities for the implementation of the stakeholders, as below. PMU will be responsible for monitoring the overall subproject implementation, including environmental compliance of the subproject. PMU will have the final responsibility for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the subproject during the construction and operational phases. - Specifically the PMU will: (i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during subproject preparation and implementation; (ii) Ensure that the detailed design include all environment provisions as indicated in the ESMP; (iii) monitor and supervise ESMP implementation including incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and bidding and contractual documents; (iv) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly; (v) be in charge of reporting on ESMP implementation to the DONRE and the World Bank. The contractor will assign Enviromental, Social Health and Safety (EHS) staff to carry out Enviromental and Social mitigation measures proposed in ESIA/ESMP: responsible for establishing a Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit the plan to PMU and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction; get all permissions for construction (traffic control and diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current regulations; implement the mitigatation measures specifid in the ESMP, CESMP, bidding documents etc. The CSC will assgin qualified Environmental and Social Staff(s) to supervise the implementation of ESMP and ensure compliance; responsible for routine environmental supervision and reporting during construction phase; also assist the PMU in reporting and maintaining close coordination with the local community; arrange for training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for all workers, CSC team and PMU staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract; carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during construction period and first-year-operation, prepare periodical environmental monitoring and supervision reports for submission to Vietnamese authorities. IEMC will provide support to PMU to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on project environmental management requirements; offers suggestions for adjusting and building capacity for relevant agencies during subproject implementation and monitor the site-speific ESMP implementation; prepare monitoring reports after each visits. Other stakeholders (Provincial DONRE, District Natural Resources and Environment Division, Environmental police division, Public utility companies, Local community) are shown in Table 5.12 In addition, the ESMP also have proposed an environmental monitoring and supervision program as well as reporting requirements, capacity building training plan, compliance framework and penalty system as detail in Chapter 5. The total estimated costs for ESMP implementation are summarized below. Public consultation Consultation on environmental issues is conducted after completion of the first draft of the ESIA. For Da Nang subproject, the first consultation on social and environmental issues was conducted from 4 - 8/11/2019 and the second conssultation was conducted from 23 to 27 December 2019 in Hoa Quy ward and Ngu Hanh Son district; additional consultations in some

Final Report xvii Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

areas where there can be specific impacts such as teachers and students from the existing university/colleges. The consultation results are presented in Chapter 6. Conclusions and Recommendations Overall, the subproject would bring about significant positive socio-environmental impacts. Most of these positive impacts are expected to be achieved during the operation phase of the subproject. Apart from social positive impacts, once the UD subproject comes into operation, it will bring about positive impacts on environment: (i) form a university urban geology area with green space and creative area, etc. creating positive academic climate for students and lecturers of the University; (ii) Increase the coverage of green trees within the University campus; (iii) invest high-end infrastructure with water, wastewater, solid waste collection system in accordance with the standards; (iv) have environmental friendly structures with the purpose of using green energy and energy saving. On the other hand, some potential negative environmental and social impacts and risks may also happen during the construction and operation of the facilities provided under the subproject. These include increased dust, noise and gas emission, vibrations, generation of solid wastes and wastewater, surface water quality reduction, traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks, damages to existing infrastructure (power/water supply, drainage etc.) and disruption of related services increased localized flooding/sedimentation, health and safety issues for the public and the workers etc. These impacts are predicted to be at moderate level, and manageable through the environmental and social management plan proposed for this subproject. Therefore, the subproject should be implemented.

Final Report xviii Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

INTRODUCTION

I. Background

I.1. Project background The Government has started pushing forward stronger requirements in terms of academic quality, management integrity, and financial responsibility. The 2012 Law on Higher Education requires HEIs to be responsible for: (a) quality assurance (QA), specifically in the evaluation and accreditation of academic programs and entire institutions, and maintenance of basic QA conditions regarding academic and non-academic staffing, curricula, physical facilities, and financial resources, (b) information disclosure to the public on QA conditions, research and training outcomes, and accreditation status, and (c) disclosure of their financial practices and audit reports. The higher education quality assurance system includes internal quality assurance, external quality assurance and quality assurance agencies. To date, 75 percent of universities have set up internal quality assurance units. However, the targets for external evaluation and accreditation have not been met because of capacity issues and lack of compliance. Five accreditation centers have been established as of today. Only a few institutions and a small share of programs have completed the institutional and program accreditation processes. Some leading universities including Vietnam National Universities Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City and the University of Danang have gone for international and regional accreditation of programs by the ASEAN QA Network and specialized accreditors such as AACSB and ABET in business administration and engineering, respectively. The Government has identified two national universities and one regional university to receive World Bank investment financing under the proposed Vietnam National University Development Project (VNUDP): (i) VNU Hanoi, (ii) VNU Ho Chi Minh City, and (iii) the University of Da Nang (UD). VNUDP would support the Government’s goal to meet the demand for (a) an increased quantity and quality of skilled graduates (to serve the national socio-economic development needs); (b) enhanced quality and relevance of research (to serve national priority sectors and transfer knowledge and technology for the innovation-led economy); and (c) more connected community engagement (to serve the regional socio-economic needs). The proposed Project consists of 3 components: Component 1 - Quality of Teaching and Learning Component 1 aims to prepare high-quality graduates by supporting the three universities (i) build and/or upgrade infrastructure (buildings, lecture halls, classrooms, labs, and associated facilities); (ii) provide equipment and build/upgrade foundational digital technology infrastructure (data centers, networks); (iii) innovate teaching-learning methods (e.g. e-learning - MOOCs/adaptive learning); and (iv) internationalize selected training programs. Component 2 - Research Excellence and Knowledge Transfer Component 2 seeks to achieve research excellence and enhance knowledge transfer by supporting the three universities (i) construct modern research infrastructure (research center/institute buildings, labs, etc.); (ii) provide modern equipment & technology (including High Performance Computing, VinaRen); (iii) establish strong research groups in priority sectors; (iv) collaborate with national & international institutions, industry and government agencies on science, technology and innovation. Component 3: Governance and Project Management

Final Report 1 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

I.2. University of Danang Subproject UD is the key training and scientific research center in the Executive building and Western highland of Vietnam. It has 6 member-universities, 12 affiliated units, 3 research institutes, 35 research and transfer centers, and 26 research teams. Its training programs are focused on economics, education, technology and state management. With its strategic role and location, UD is entrusted by the Government to be one of the three leading higher education centers in the whole country. In 2016, UD became the first regional university in the country to be externally accredited. In particular, the University of Science and Technology (one of its member universities), has been recognized by the Council for Evaluation of Research and Higher Education and two of its advanced programs accredited by AUN-QA. UD has had about 100 articles published in ISI/SCOPUS journals yearly in the past few years. In regard to internationalization, UD has implemented 6 joint programs and signed memoranda of understanding with 142 international universities in Japan, Korea, UK, the US, Iceland, Finland, etc., which allow credit transfer, staff exchange and collaborative research. Being selected as a member of VNUDP, the University of Da Nang is empowered to improve its technical infrastructure and academic climate, contributing to the UD’s overall development goal to become a leading center in training, scientific research and technological development in Vietnam and worldwide. Objectives of UD Subproject are as follows: - Overall objectives: Develop UD to be a training, scientific research and technological development center that meet international standards so as to provide qualified human resources for every stage of national socio-economic development and matching scientific and technological development of the world - Specific objectives: (i) Accomplish technical infrastructure for enhancement of teaching, research and technology transfer of UD, and establish a flatform for an international-standard university in the Central Region-Highlands; (ii) improve the working environment for staff, lecturers and researchers as well as enhance student’s accommodation, study and research activities towards a smart, green, energy-saving and eco-friendly university; (iii) Enhance the quality of training, scientific research and technology transfer in order to satisfy international standards and requirements of the Industrial Revolution 4.0; (iv) Help to gain the goals of gender equality, supporting ethnic students and those in disadvantaged areas to access to advanced and international accommodation, learning and research environments. With such objectives, the UD Subproject aims to 3 following components: ➢ Component 1: Quality of Teaching and Learning Construction of infrastructure for 4 UD’s member units, including: (A1) University of Technology and Education: New construction of a building for working with 05 storeys, floor area of 8,500 m2; 02 buildings for study with 05 storeys, floor area of 30,000 m2; 01 building for testing and practicing with 03 storeys, floor area of 6,642 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) (A2) University of Foreign Languages Studies: New construction of a building for working with 05 storeys, floor area of 10,500 m2; 01 building for study with 05 storeys, floor area of 7,500 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) (A3) International University: New construction of a building for office works with 05 storeys, floor area of 4,350 m2; 01 building for studying and experimenting with 05 storeys, floor area of 9,750 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others)

Final Report 2 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

(A4) Multi-purpose sport complex: New construction of 03 dormitory buildings with 05 storeys, floor area of 11,340 m2; 01 building for study with 05 storeys, floor area of 9,750 m2; 01 canteen with 1 storey, floor area of 3,413 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) (A5) Center of the University of Da Nang: Construction of 01 central administration building with 9 storeys, total floor area: 19.170m2; Construction of auxiliary works (Auxiliary structures: yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) ➢ Component 2: Research Excellence and Knowledge Transfer (i) New construction of advanced technical infrastructure (B1), including: internal roads, power, water supply and wastewater treatment systems, trees, Information technology infrastructure, etc. within 40ha area of UD’s planned area in Da Nang city (ii) Construction of Technopole Center and Innovation Quarter (B2) technical infrastructure and laboratories, including: New construction of 01 building for office works with 05 storeys and an area of 8,500 m2; New construction of 04 high-tech laboratory buildings with 03 storeys, area of 15,600 m2; New construction of Wastewater treatment plant with a capacity of 500 m3/day. Laboratories for 04 prioritized fields: (i) Renewable Energy Technology - Biology - Environment; (ii) Mechatronics Technology - Automation - Automatic control; (iii) Life Sciences (Gene, Animal and Plant Cell, Microbiology Technologies, Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Technology and Natural Compounds); (iv) Digital Technology (Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Information Security) are planned and newly built with modern and synchronized equipment meeting international standards. ➢ Component 3: Governance and Project Management Subproject Governance (i) Complete an autonomous university model; development of an advanced university governance system on the basis of IT application. (ii) Enhance the management capacity of member institutions and affiliated units under UD; develop and strengthen database for decision-making. (iii) Establish a sustainable financial mechanism; draw a roadmap to autonomy along with accountability of member institutions and affiliated units; develop a mechanism of coordination and sharing of resources throughout the UD. Subproject implementation (i) Establish the Project Management Unit including: Admin and Planning; Finance; Human Resources, Research Management; Procurement; Construction Management, Monitoring and Evaluation. (ii) Set up procedures for effective implementation and management of the subproject activities in compliance with regulations of the Government and World Bank. This ESIA is prepared for construction works under the Component 1 and 2 (including 7 new construction works A1, A2, A3, A4, A5 and B1, B2 and technical infrastructure within an area of 40ha mentioned above), excluding non-structural works under Component 1 & 2; Component 3.

I.2. FS and ESIA approval agencies, organizations Approval agency of the investment subproject is the Ministry of Education and Training

Final Report 3 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Address: No. 35 Dai Co Viet street, Hai Ba Trung district, Hanoi. - Tel: 024.38695144; Fax: 024.38694085 Approval agency of ESIA is Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MONRE) - Address: No. 10 – Ton That Thuyet street – Hanoi. - Tel: 0243.8343 911 Fax: 0243.7736892

I.3. Related projects and development plans The UD Subproject funded by WB will construct works items on an approximately 40ha planned land of Da Nang University Village - in Da Nang City. This project will follow related development plans, including: • Scientific and Technological Development Strategy in the period of 2011-2020, approved by the Decision No. 418/QD-TTg dated 11 April 2012 of the Prime Minister; • Adjustment to Da Nang City Master Plan till 2030 with a vision to 2050; • Planning on Subdivision of the Da Nang University village with an area of 300ha in Hoa Quy (Ngu Hanh Son, Da Nang City) - Dien Ngoc (Dien Ban, Quang Nam) approved by the Prime Minister at the Decision No. 1057/1997/QD-TTg dated 09/12/1997 and adjustments approved by the Minister of Education and Training at the Decision No. 6001/QD- BGD&DT/KHTC dated 19/10/2004. • Resetllement Area in Da Nang University Village Project. Details about the planning and projects related the UD Subproject (funded by WB) are presented as below: Planning on Subdivision of the University of Da Nang Village On December 9, 1997, the Prime Minister approved the planning on subdivision of the Da Nang University village at the Decision No. 1057/1997/QD-TTg with the target of 30,000 regular students by 2010 and Land area is 300ha, of which 110ha in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city and 190ha in Dien Ngoc commune, Dien Ban district, Quang Nam province. The Government aimed to build UD in Hoa Quy - Dien Ngoc into a modern university urban area in the Southeast Asia, and the investment was over VND 7,000 billion (at that time).

Final Report 4 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Figure 1. Location of the University of Da Nang in Hoa Quy - Dien Ngoc Since the planning of the Da Nang University village in Hoa Quy - Dien Ngoc, ratio of 1/2000, was approved in 1997, this project has gone through various stages of investment and adjustments; specifically: * Investment project of the University of Da Nang, phase I On September 8, 1999, the first phase of the University of Da Nang subproject was approved by the Prime Minister under Decision No. 861/QD-TTg. Its achievements: the subproject area in the Planning for the University of Da Nang in Hoa Quy - Dien Ngoc was marked to avoid land encroachment. * Adjustment to the Planning of the University of Da Nang in 2004 On October 19, 2004, the Minister of Education and Training approved the Decision No. 6001/QD/BGD&DT/KHTC. Basic adjustments of the general planning to be in accordance with the 1997 planning, but traffic axes, land use structure were unchanged; the adjustment mainly change the location of some universities. The adjusted planning in 2004 includes: Executive Center; College of Information Technology; University of Technology and Education; University of Pedagogy; Research Center; University of Economics; University of Construction; University of Foreign Languages Studies; University of Telecommunications; Dormitories; High-standard housing; Urban Service Area; Parks and sports; reserved land. * Handing land over to Vietnam-Korea Friendship IT College: Da Nang CPC granted 13.55ha of land of UD to the Vietnam - Korea Friendship Information Technology College in 2 phases (December 2, 2004 and April 2009). The Phase II was implemented from 2004 to 2012.

Final Report 5 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

* Detailed planning of technical infrastructure works: total area of the detailed planning on the technical infrastructure of the University of Da Nang was approved by the People’s Committee of Da Nang City at the Decision No. 4127/QD-UBND dated June 22, 2006. This planning proposed solutions in design and management to the technical infrastructure system with works items of the University of Da Nang as ground leveling, stormwater and wastewater drainage, traffics, water supply, electricity, communication cables and fire alarm. Up to now (2017), the technical infrastructure network in 19.1 ha has been built under the University of Da Nang subproject phase II and phase III. * Detailed planning of the University of Pedagogy and the Dormitory under the University of Da Nang Subproject phase II: The detailed planning of the University of Pedagogy and the dormitory under the University of Da Nang subproject phase II were approved by the People’s Committee of Da Nang City at the Decision No. 9142/QD-UBND dated December 26, 2006. Planned location and scale: 19 ha; the University of Pedagogy and the Dormitory located in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang; at the same time, a number of main and access roads (outside the University of Pedagogy) to be planned. The planning includes: Study area, dormitory and technical infrastructure. * Investment in the University of Da Nang subproject phase II: Investment in the University of Da Nang subproject phase II was approved by Ministry of Education and Training at the Decision No. 3148/QD-BGTDT dated June 19, 2007 with a total investment of VND 199 billion. For the planning, completed land compensation and site clearance for about 25.4 ha of land and finished the construction of: Construction items: A2 School building (1 block of 5 storeys, 2 blocks of 3 storeys), A3 studying building (1 block of 4 storeys) and a dormitory (2 blocks of 5 storeys); Technical infrastructure: ground leveling, water supply, stormwater and wastewater drainage, traffics, electricity. * Implementation process Phase III (2015 to 2018): Adjust the detailed planning of the University of Pedagogy and the Dormitory under the Investment in the University of Da Nang subproject Phase II. The adjusted detail planning of the University of Pedagogy and the Dormitory under the Investment in the University of Da Nang subproject Phase II was approved by the People’s Committee of Da Nang City at the Decision No. 9839/QD-UBND dated December 31, 2015 with the following main contents: Adjusting the northern boundary to connect with Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road; Adjusting internal roads; Planning the road to the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, the College of Information Technology. * Investment in the University of Da Nang subproject Phase III: The feasibility study report on construction of the University of Da Nang Phase III was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training at the Decision No. 4983/QD-BGDDT dated October 30, 2015 with a total investment of VND 124 billion, including: The working, learning and laboratory buildings of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (block B1) of the University of Da Nang; A good technical infrastructure system as per the approved detailed planning adjustments. Achievements: complete Part of block B1 and technical infrastructure system. Up to now, after 20 years there have been only 3 universities and faculties built, including: Vietnam - Korea Friendship IT College (under the Ministry of Culture, Communications and Information); Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy - the University of Da Nang and College of Information Technology; and the Dormitory (under the University of Da Nang).

Final Report 6 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Thus, the project has been seriously delayed in comparison to the plan approved by the Prime Minister due to insufficient fund for site clearance and project implementation. Over the past 22 years, this delay has posed significant difficulties to over 2,000 people in the region. In January 2019, construction of the University of Da Nang Urban Area project was directed by the Politburo at the Resolution 43-NQ/TW on construction and development of Da Nang City towards 2030, with a vision to 2045. The university aimed to be one of the prestigious training and research centers of the nation and in the world under the direction of the Prime Minister in Notice No. 542/TB-VPCP of the Government’s Office dated November 22, 2017 on specific mechanisms and policies to develop Hanoi National University, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, and the University of Da Nang. On February 25, 2019, Deputy Prime Minister, Mr. Trinh Dinh Dung signed the Decision No. 227/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister approving "Construction Planning of the University of Da Nang, rate of 1/2000" within the area of about 286.5ha, including 96.5ha in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city and 190ha in Dien Ngoc ward, Dien Ban town, Quang Nam province. Therefore, the planning of UD construction, scale of 1/2000 based on approved tasks has been carried out. Accordingly, the UD has conducted planning activities for UD construction, scale of 1/2000 based on approved tasks. Planning on Construction of the University of Da Nang 2019, scale of 1/2000, includes: No. Functional areas Main contents 1 Executive building Study area and research facilities of UD: with a scale of about 60,000 students, 3,364 lecturers by 2035. Expected arrangements for 11 schools have been identified in Development Strategy the University of Da Nang, including: Polytechnic University; University of Economics; University of Pedagogy; University of Foreign Languages Studies; University of Technology and Education; Vietnam - Korea Friendship Information Technology College; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; British University (International University); University of Sciences; University of Law and University of Culture and Tourism. 2 Multi-purpose sport complex 3 Research – Development Technopole Center and Innovation Quarter 4 Square, parks 5 Student dormitory Housing and living facilities. Expected to serve for 70% students. 6 Staff residential area 7 Traffics, technical Common infrastructure of the whole area (traffic, parking, bus infrastructure terminals station, wastewater treatment station, etc.), Land for functional areas for internal traffic, yards of each items is also arranged

Final Report 7 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No. Functional areas Main contents 8 Services and Trading Notice No. 149/TB-VPCP dated March 21, 2017 of the Prime center Minister on approval of allocating 22 hectares of commercial land to raise fund from investors. 9 Unchanged areas Include residential houses with high density and grave land, total expected area is about 24 ha. For accomplishing infrastructure and speeding up the operation schedule of UD in Hoa Quy, the subprojects mentioned above should be completed. Thus, investment in the construction of the Vietnam National University Development Project - the University of Da Nang Subproject is to embody the approved plan. The subproject consists of 7 components: (i) Executive building; (ii) University of Foreign Languages Studies; (iii) University of Technology and Education; (iv) International University; (v) Multi-purpose sport complex and (vi) Technopole Center and Innovation Quarter and (vii) Technical infrastructure in the area of 40ha.

Final Report 8 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Figure 2. Construction Planning of the University of Da Nang in Hoa Quy – Dien Ngoc in 2019

II. Legal and technical bases of ESIA preparation Vietnam National University Development Project - University of Danang Subproject will be subject to comply with current Laws on Environmental Protection of the Government of Viet Nam and the World Bank, as follows:

II.1. National Regulations and Technical Bases ➢ Laws - The Law on Environmental Protection No. 55/2014/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly on 23 June 2014 and took effect since 01 January 2015;

Final Report 9 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Construction Law No. 50/2014/QH13 adopted by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated 18 June 2014 and took effect since 01 January 2015; - Land Law No. 45/2013/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam dated 29 November 2013 and took effect since 01 July 2014; - Law on Water Resources No. 17/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, session 3 on 21 June 2012; - Labour Law No. 10/2012/QH13 passed by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 18/06/2012; - Urban Planning Law No. 30/2009/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 17/06/2009; - Biodiversity Law No. 20/2008/QH12 passed by the 12th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 13/11/2008; - Law on amendment and supplementation of some articles of Law on Fire Prevention and Fighting No. 40/2013/QH13 dopted by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 22/11/2013 - Law on People’s Health No. 21/LCT/HĐNN8 adopted by the 13th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on 30/06/1989. - Education Law No. 43/2019/QH14 dated June 14, 2019 - Law on Higher Education No. 08/2012/QH13 of June 18, 2012; - Law No. 34/2018/QH14 dated November 19, 2018 on amendments to the Law on Higher Education; ➢ Decrees - Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated May 13, 2019 of the Government on amendments to Decrees on guidelines for the Law on Environment Protection; - Decree No. 18/2015/NĐ-CP dated 14 February 2015 of the Government on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plans; - Decree No. 19/2015/NĐ-CP dated 14 February 2015 of the Government detailing the implementation of a number of articles of the law on environmental protection; - Decree No. 59/2015/NĐ-CP dated 18/06/2015 of the Government on management of construction investment project; - Decree No. 16/2016/NĐ-CP dated 16/03/2016 of the Government on management and use of official development assistance (ODA) and concessional loans provided by foreign donors; - Decree No. 201/2013/NĐ-CP dated 27/11/2013 of the Government detailing some articles of Law on Water Resources; - Decree No. 140/2006/NĐ-CP dated 22/11/2006 of the Government providing for the environmental protection at stages of elaboration, evaluation, approval and implementation of development strategies, planning, plans, programs and projects; - Decree No. 38/2015/NĐ-CP dated 24/4/2015 of the government on management of waste and discarded materials. - Decree No. 80/2014/NĐ-CP dated 06/8/2014 of the Government on drainage and wastewater treatment; - Decree No.155/2016/NĐ-CP dated 18 November 2016 of the Government on the sanction of administrative violations in the domain of environmental protection;

Final Report 10 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Circular No. 1665/TTg-CN dated 17 October 2006 of the Prime Minister on management of site clearance and bomb, mine and unexploded ordnance clearance for transport works, and: - Decision No. 96/2006/QD-TTg dated 4 May 2006 on management and implementation of bomb, mine and unexploded ordnance clearance. ➢ Circulars - Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental impact assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan; - Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30/6/2015 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste management; - Circular No. 08/2017/TT-BXD dated 16 May 2017 of the Minister of Construction on construction solid waste management; - Circular No. 24/2017/BTNMT dated 01 September 2017 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment on environmental monitoring techniques; - Circular No. 19/2016/TT - BYT dated 30 June 2016 of Ministry of Health guiding the management of labor hygiene, laborers' health and occupational diseases; - Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD dated 30/3/2017 of Ministry of Construction providing management of labor safety in construction. - Circular No. 03/2019/TT-BXD dated 30 July 2019 of the Ministry of Construction on amendments to a number of articles of Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD dated March 30, 2017 of the Minister of Construction on occupational safety management in construction works. Issued Decisions served as the basis for calculating compensation and resettlement assistance when the State acquires land in Da Nang city include: - Decision No. 38/2017/QD-UBND dated 30 November 2017 of the People’s Committee of Da Nang City regulating compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State acquires land in Da Nang city; - Decision No. 23/2019/QD-UBND dated 02 May 2019 of the People’s Committee of Da Nang City on amending, supplementing a number of articles on compensation, assistance and resettlement when the State acquires land in Da Nang city stated in the Decision No. 38/2017/QD-UBND dated 30 November 2017 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City; - Decision No. 46/2016/QD-UBND dated 20 December 2016 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City regulating types of land in Da Nang City; - Decision No. 06/2019/QD-UBND dated 31 January 2019 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City amending, supplementing a number of articles on prices of land types stated in Decision No. 46/2016/QD-UBND dated 20 December 2016 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City.. ➢ Applicable Vietnam’s Technical Standards and Regulations The ESIA assessment makes reference to the following technical standards and norms: Water quality: - QCVN 01:2009/BYT– National technical regulation on drinking water quality; - QCVN 02:2009/BYT– National technical regulation on domestic water quality; - QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on surface water quality; - QCVN 09-MT 2015/BTNMT– National technical regulation on ground water quality.;

Final Report 11 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- QCVN 14-MT:2015/BTNMT – National technical regulation on domestic wastewater; - QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT – National technical regulation on industrial wastewater; Air quality: - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT– National Technical Regulation on Ambient Air Quality; - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT– National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air; - TCVN 6438:2005 - Road vehicles –Maximum allowable limits of gas emission. Soil and sediment quality: - QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNTM - National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils; - QCVN 15:2008/BTNMT – Soil quality - National technical regulation on the pesticide residues in the soils. - QCVN 43:2012/BTNTM- National technical regulation on sediment quality; Noise and vibration: - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Noise; - QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Vibration.; Solid waste: - TCVN 6705:2009 – Normal solid waste. Classification; - TCVN 6706:2009 – Hazardous waste. Classification; - QCVN 07:2009/BTNM: National Technical Regulation on Hazardous Waste Thresholds. Drainage and construction works: - TCVN 7957:2008 - Drainage and sewerage - External Networks and Facilities - Design Standard. - TCXDVN 33:2006 – Water supply – Pipeline distribution System and Facilities. - QCVN 07:2016/BXD: National technical regulation “infrastructure works”. - QCXD VN 01:2008/BXD – National construction regulation – construction planning; Labor safety and health: - QCVN 22:2016/BYT on lighting - Permissible levels of lighting in the workplace. - QCVN 24:2016/BYT on noise - permissible exposure levels of noise in the workplace. - QCVN 26:2016/BYT on microclimate- permissible value of microclimate in the workplace. - QCVN 27:2016/BYT on vibration - permissible levels of vibration in the workplace. Construction safety: - QCVN 18:2014/BXD – National Technical regulation on safety in construction. - Decision No. 3733/2002/QĐ-BYT issued by the Ministry of Health on the application of 21 occupational hygiene standards, 5 principles and 7 sanitary measures. ➢ Legal Documents Related to The Subproject - Decision No. 130/TTg dated 04 March 1997 of the Prime Minister on planned construction location of the University of Da Nang (UD); - Decision No. 1057/1997/QD -TTg dated 09/12/1997 of the Prime Minister approving the planning of UD; - Decision No. 861/QD-TTg dated 08/9/1999 of the Prime Minister approving the UD Construction Project phase I;

Final Report 12 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Official Letter No. 149/TB-VPCP dated 21/3/2017 of the Government’s Office announcing conclusion of the Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc at the meeting with the UD; - Official Letter No. 542/UBND dated 22/11/2017 of the Government’s Office on conclusions of the Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc at the regular meeting of the Government on specific mechanisms and policies for the development of Hanoi National University, Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, and the University of Da Nang into prestigious training and research centers of the nation and region; - Decision No. 6001/QD/BGD&ĐT/KHTC dated 19/10/2004 of the Minister of Education and Training approving amendments to the Planning of the University of Da Nang; - Official Letter No. 295/TB-BGDDT dated 28/4/2017 of the Minister of Education and Training announcing conclusions of the Minister of Education and Training at the meeting on implementation schedule of the Planning of the University of Da Nang; - Official Letter No. 153/TB-VP dated 09/5/2017 of the Office of the People's Committee of Da Nang City announcing conclusions of Deputy Chairman of the City People’s Committee Nguyen Ngoc Tuan at the meeting between leadership of the City People’s Committee and leadership of the University of Da Nang relating the implementation of the UD Planning; - Official Letter No. 137/TB-VP dated 30/7/2018 of the Office of the People's Committee of Da Nang City announcing conclusions of the Chairman of the City People’s Committee Huynh Duc Tho at the meeting solving issues arise for the UD Project. - Official Letter No. 172/TB-VP dated 30/8/2018 of the Office of the People's Committee of Da Nang City announcing conclusions of leaderships of the City People’s Committee at the meeting on the implementation of the UD project (attached with Official Letter No. 7831/SXD-QHKT dated 24/8/2018 of Department of Construciton of Da Nang City reporting land funds for resettlement of the UD Project; - Official Letter No. 282/BC-TTPTQD dated 10/5/2017 of Land Development Center under Department of Natural Resources and Environment of Da Nang City reporting total estimate for compensation and site clearance for the UD Project (remaining planned land to be cleared: 71.1ha); - Official Letter No. 201/BC-CNTTPTQDS2 dated 05/9/2018 of Branch No. 2 of Land Development Center, Land Development Center of Da Nang City reporting total estimate for compensation and site clearance for the UD Project; - Decision No. 724/QD-UBND dated 25/01/2002 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City on land acquisition and hand-over to the UD for construction of UD’s boundery roads; - Decision No. 4127/QD-UBND dated 22/6/2006 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City approving Land for Detailed Planning of UD’s main technical infrastructure networks; - Decision No. 9142/QD-UBND dated 26/12/2006 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City approving Land for Detailed Planning of the University of Pedagogy and the dormitories of UD's Project Phase II from 2006-2010 (in Da Nang City); - Decision No. 8144/QD-UBND dated 12/10/2007 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City on land acquisition and hand-over to the UD for construction of the University of Pedagogy and the dormitories of UD's Project Phase II from 2007-2010; - Decision No. 3148/QD-BGDDT dated 19/06/2007 of the Ministry of Education and Training approving the UD Construction Project Phase II (2007-2010); - Decision No. 2798/QD-BGDDT dated 08/07/2010 of the Ministry of Education and Training approving adjustments to the UD Construction Project Phase II;

Final Report 13 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Decision No. 4893/QD-BGDDT dated 30/10/2015 of the Ministry of Education and Training approving the Feasibility Study for the UD Construction Project Phase III (2015- 2017); - Decision No. 9839/QD-UBND dated 31/12/2015 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City approving adjustments to detailed planning with scale of 1:500 of the University of Pedagogy and the dormitories of UD's Project Phase II for the arrangements of College of Information Technology and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy under the UD. - Decision No. 342/QD-UBND dated 21/01/2019 of the People's Committee of Da Nang City approving tasks of detailed construction planning with scale of 1/500 of Resettlement site for site clearance in the UD Project. - Tasks of detailed construction planning No. 342/NVQH dated 21/01/2019 on designing the detailed planning with scale of 1/500 Resettlement site for site clearance in the UD Project; - Total estimate: Land adjustment for compensation and site clearance at the UD project in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city. ➢ Subproject Documents created by Subproject Owner For preparation of the UD Subproject, the Subproject Owner will hire consultants to prepare component reports from 2019 to 2020, including: - Pre-Feasibility Study of the Vietnam National University Development Project - the University of Da Nang Subproject (funded by WB). - Basic design drawings of the Vietnam National University Development Project - the University of Da Nang Subproject (funded by WB). - Report on measurement survey, sampling analysis of environmental status of the subproject area. - Resettlement Action Plan of Vietnam National University Development Project – Da Nang the University of Da Nang Subproject (funded by WB). II.2. World Bank’s Environmental and Social safeguard policies In addition to environmental regulations and safeguard instrument required by the Government of Viet Nam, the preparation of University of Danang Subproject must also follow World Bank's social and environmental safeguard policies. The VNUDP project has been classified as environmental category B by the World Bank. The following Operation Policy are triggered: a. Project level WB’s safeguard policies to be applied, including: (i) Environmental assessment (OP 4.01);; (ii) Physical cultural resources (OP/BP 4.11); (iii) Involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12) and (iv) Projects on International Waterways OP/BP 7.50. b. Subproject level Environment Assesment (OP/BP 4.011). The policy is triggered due to the potential environmental and social impacts associated with the project activities i.e. the construction works and research, teaching and learning soft interventions for University of Da Nang. The construction works in University of Da Nang include: (i) construction of buildings, laboratories, lecture hall, library, block of dorm, sport complex for selected research; teaching and learning centers; (ii) construction of technical infrastructure for the university campus i.e.

1Full treatment of OP/BP 4.01 can be found at the Bank website: http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543912~menuPK:1286357~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html

Final Report 14 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

internal traffic networks, communication and electric system, waste water treatment system, landscape, data system; (iii) purchase/upgrade equipment for selected research and education laboratories. For Da Nang University subproject, the civil works of the project are anticipated to be varied from small to medium scale. The proposed civil works are located within the planning areas of the university campus, and of vacant, garden and residential land. The vegetation cover in the project area includes bushes, fruit trees, industrial trees (cajaput tree), and grass. The physical and biological environment in the project areas are already heavily impacted due to human usage and activities. The preliminary screening found that the Da Nang University subproject may result in the relocation of some family churches, pagoda, shrine; and graves. It is also noted that the proposed investments would not be located within or adjacent any critical habitats, forests, archaeological or sensitive historical sites. On the positive side, it is anticipated that the project will bring about positive environmental and social impacts. The project will help to improve the relevance and quality of the graduates and research products of Da Nang University. In addition, the project also brings about friendly education environment via adoption of green technology for the new proposed building and scientific labs. The soft investments include the interventions to enhance the quality of research, teaching and learning areas e.g. formation of research group, research exchange and collaboration activities, do not imply potentially adverse environmental and social impacts. Da Nang University subproject will also have some potentially negative environmental and social impacts, mainly during construction of works including: land acquisition; safety risks related to unexploded ordinances; increased level of dust, noise and vibrations level due to earth works; generation waste and waste water; labor and community safety; traffic disruption and congestion damage to existing infrastructure and public services. The potential impacts during operation include the management of waste and wastewater generated from laboratories and domestic activities. These potential impacts are expected to be at low to moderate levels, site- specific and could be mitigated to the acceptable levels by appropriate design, and good construction and management practice. As the Subroject is expected to be classified as a category B, it is required that an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)/Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will be prepared for each university subproject to assess and manage the potential impacts and risks. The ESIA/ESMP will comply with the WB’s safeguard policies and the national regulations. In addition, it will apply WBG’ Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) guidelines. The final draft ESIA/ESMP will be disclosed on the Bank website and locally for public access prior to project appraisal. Physical Cultural Resources OP/BP 4.11 The policy is triggered as the project includes excavation activities under components 1 and 2, which may result in chance findings. In addition, the UD subproject will relocated 1,500 graves and may cause some construction impacts to three temples/pagodas located within 100-200 m from the project sites. The ESMP inclulded chanced find procedues and specific measures for grave relocation and minimising the construction impacts on the three identified temples and pagodas. Resettlement (OP/BP 4.122)

2 Detail of OP/BP 4.12 is available at http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/PROJECTS/EXTPOLICIES/EXTSAFEPOL/0,,contentMDK:2 0543978~menuPK:1286647~pagePK:64168445~piPK:64168309~theSitePK:584435,00.html

Final Report 15 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The only land acquisition that will be required is the construction of structure works for The University of Da Nang (UD). This will include the construction of learning centers, research centers/institutes and experimental lab area on an area of 300ha reserved for the UD village to be invested different projects in multi-phases. Within this 300ha area, it is the 110ha located in Da Nang city in which 40ha will be the site of the structure works that will be constructed using WB financing. Of 110ha in Da Nang, 40ha was cleared for constructing the Viet-Han University of Information Technology and some functional buildings which were completed before the UD subproject. A due diligence review was conducted for these 40ha, which confirmed that there is not any encumbrance on the land and that no affected people become worse off due to this land acquisition. The remaining area of 70ha needs to be cleared in which 40ha is required for the UD subproject financed by the Bank. Therefore, OP4.12 is triggered for the land clearance of the land necessary for the UD sub-project. In addition, A resettlement site of 12ha will be constructed for relocated households of the subproject, and will be implemented by a separate project financed and owned by Da Nang city. The resettlement site is considered as an associated facility with the subproject so that OP4.12 is also triggered for this resettlement site. An Initial inventory of loss shows that about 570 households (HH) will be affected by land acquisition for both the UD subproject and resettlement site, of which 468 HHs are of the UD subproject and 102 HHs of the resettlement site. Among 570 affected households, 498 households (468HHs of the UD subproject and 30HHs of resettlement site) have to relocate and 526 households (468HHs of the UD subproject and 58HHs of resettlement site) will be severely affected due to loss of more than 20% of productive land and relocation. These impacts will cause substantial social risks to local people due to loss of income and livelihood, removal of houses, church/pagoda and graves, and relocation. However, all potential impacts and risks can be mitigated and managed by applying standard mitigation measures including design alternatives, compensation at replacement cost, provision of land plots in resettlement sites constructed within the subproject ward for relocated households, and provision of livelihood restoration measures for severely and vulnerably affected households.. According to OP4.12, a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) was prepared for the UD subproject and resettlement site and submitted to the Bank for clearance before appraisal. All the potential social impacts and associated mitigation measures were included in the RAP for implementation. The draft RAP will be disclosed locally in the local language, and at the Bank’s internal and external websites prior to appraisal. A Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) is not required for the project because all subprojects/components and their boundaries have been identified at time of project preparation. For non-infrastructure components, all proposed activities are focusing on upgrading labs and equipment and strengthening research capacity. Therefore, no safeguards issues are expected to occur in this component. World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines3 Danang University subproject will conform to the World Bank’s Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (EHS) Guidelines and industry specific EHS Guidelines on Water and Sanitation. World Bank-financed subprojects should also take into account the World Bank Group Environmental, Health, and Safety Guidelines (known as the "EHS Guidelines"). The EHS Guidelines are technical reference documents with general and industry-specific examples of Good International Industry Practice.

3The EHS Guidelines can be consulted at www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvironmentalGuidelines.

Final Report 16 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The EHS Guidelines contain the performance levels and measures that are normally acceptable to the World Bank Group and are generally considered to be achievable in new facilities at reasonable costs by existing technology. The environmental assessment process may recommend alternative (higher or lower) levels or measures, which, if acceptable to the World Bank, become subproject- or site-specific requirements. In addition, the ESIA must also comply with International Conventions to which Vietnam is a member (eg, International Water Resources and Climate Change, etc.). In addition, the Bank’s EHS team will guide information about environmental, social, health and safety issues related to the investment sector. Environmental guidelines related to the ESIA include emission sources, environmental quality of ambient air, noise, wastewater, solid waste and water quality. The subproject will involve major civil works and screening on gender based-violence (GBV) for the subproject shows that social risk related to GBV is low so that Good Practice Guidance Note of the WB intended for Investment Project Financing (IPF) should be applied to address GBV risk. The following issues are required for a GBV low risk project: ❑ GBV Risk Assessment ❑ Community engagement/ consultations ❑ GBV service provider mapping ❑ Integrate GBV risk in safeguard instruments ❑ Conduct IA capacity assessment ❑ Include GBV sensitive approaches in GRM ❑ Define GBV requirements bid documents, including the requirement for a Code of Conduct ❑ Address how GBV-related costs will be paid in the contract; ❑ Ensure CoCs signed and understood ❑ During works, separate facilities for women & men, GBV-free zone signage.

II.3. Gap analysis between the GoV and WB safeguard policies The application of environmental assessment policies in Vietnam, as well as various efforts directed to policy harmonization between the GoV and donors, has gradually narrowed the gap between the two systems. However, significant differences remain between the GoV’s environmental policies and those of the World Bank. These differences and proposed gap filling measures are described in the Table below.

Final Report 17 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 1. Summary of the World Bank and National EA Processes and Proposed gap filling measures

Viet Nam (stipulating in Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, EA Process WB (stipulating in OP/BP 4.01 on Decree 40/2019/ND-CP, and Circular 27/2015/TT- Gap Filling Measures Stage Environmental Assessment) BTNMT

- The World Bank’s EA process generally begins - The project types are indicated in annexes II, III and IV - Use the World Bank’s with screening at the time of project of Decree 40/2019/ND-CP. Annexes I, II and III discretionary (on a project-by- identification. The World Bank will classify a stipulate environmental impact assessment (EIA) and project basis) approaches in proposed project into one of four categories environmental protection plan (EPP) for proposed screening of projects the including A, B, C, or FI depending upon the projects. Annex I of Decree 40/2019/ND-CP stipulates significance of its impacts, and type, location, sensitivity, and scale of the Strategical Environment assessment (SEA) for strategy subsequently to ascertain the project and the nature and magnitude of its and planning. Thus, the project owner shall prepare EA project’s EA category. potential environmental impacts. instruments based on annexes I, II and III in consultation - Examine the magnitude and with the Provincial Department of Natural Resources ▪ Category A: Full EIA is required. In some significance of the project and Environment (DONRE) or Vietnam Environment cases, ESMF is also required impacts based on the project type Administration (VEA) for the appropriate EA and scale, project location, Screening ▪ Category B: ESIA, environmental and instruments. sensitivity of environmental and social management framework (ESMF), ▪ Projects falls into Annexes II, III: EIA is required. social issues, and nature and or ESMP is required. In most cases, ESMF magnitude of potential impacts. and/or ESMP is required ▪ Project falls into Annex IV or Column 5 of Annex II: EPP is required. ▪ Category C: no EA action is required. ▪ Category FI: ESMF is the most commonly used instrument. In some instances, details and impacts of sub-projects have been identified by appraisal, the FI prepares specific instruments based on the frameworks, such as ESIA or ESMP. - Depending on screening, a range of instruments - The type of EA instruments such as SEA, EIA or EPP is - Follow the World Bank are used to meet the World Bank’s decided based on Annexes I, II, III and IV of Decree requirements on the type of EA EA requirement, these include: ESMF, specific 40/2019/ND-CP. instrument needed instruments ESIA and ESMP, sectoral & regional EA; SEA; hazard or risk assessment; environmental audits. The World Bank provides general

Final Report 18 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Viet Nam (stipulating in Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, EA Process WB (stipulating in OP/BP 4.01 on Decree 40/2019/ND-CP, and Circular 27/2015/TT- Gap Filling Measures Stage Environmental Assessment) BTNMT guidance for implementation of each instrument. - The World Bank helps the Borrower draft the - TORs for EA are not required. - TORs for REA, SEA, ESMF, TOR for EA report and identifies the scope of ESIA, and ESMP are a good - Normally after consultation with the local DONRE or EA, procedures, schedule and outline of the EA practice to follow. VEA for the EA category, the project owner will report. Scope proceed with EA report preparation. - Follow the World Bank’s TORs, - For Category A projects, ESIA TOR is scoping, and consultation required, and scoping and consultation are requirements. conducted for preparation of the TORs for the EA report. - During EA process, the Borrower consults The project owner shall consult with the People’s - EA consultation as per the project-affected groups and local NGOs about Committee of communes, wards and towns (hereinafter government’s EA regulation is the project’s environmental aspects and takes referred to as communes) where the project is carried out, not enough and the Borrower their views into account. with organizations or community under the direct impact and its consultant need to of the project (due to waste water, gases emissions, dust, follow the World Bank’s - For Category A projects, the Borrower consults solid waste, subsidence, landslide, sedimentation, noise, requirements on consultation these groups at least twice: (a) shortly after biodiversity) research and receive objective opinions and and disclosure of information environmental screening and before the TORs reasonable requests of relevant entities in order to during EA process. for the EA are finalized; and (b) once a draft minimize the negative effects of the project on the natural Public EA report is prepared. In addition, the environment, biodiversity and community health. - Good consultation brings consultation Borrower consults with such groups benefits to the project design throughout project implementation as - The People’s Committee (PC) of the commune where and contributes to project necessary to address EA-related issues that the project is carried out and the organizations under environmental outcomes. affect them. direct impact of the project shall be consulted. The project owner shall send EIA reports to the People’s - For Category B project, at least one public Committee of the commune where the project is carried consultation needs to be conducted. out and organizations under the direct impact of the - For meaningful consultations, the Borrower project together with the written requests for opinions. provides relevant project documents in a timely Within 15 working days, from the date on which the EIA manner prior to consultation in a form and reports are received, the People’s Committee of the commune and organizations under the direct impact of

Final Report 19 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Viet Nam (stipulating in Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, EA Process WB (stipulating in OP/BP 4.01 on Decree 40/2019/ND-CP, and Circular 27/2015/TT- Gap Filling Measures Stage Environmental Assessment) BTNMT language that are understandable and the project shall send their responses, or not replying to accessible to the group being consulted. the project owner if they agree with the project owner’s investment plan. (Item 5b, Article 12, Decree - Minutes of the public meetings are included in 18/2015/ND-CP) the reports. - The consultation with the community under the direct impact of the project shall be carried out in the form of community meeting co-chaired by project owner and the People’s Committee of the commune where the project is carried out together with the participation of representatives of Vietnamese Fatherland Front of communes, socio-political organizations (local NGOs), socio-professional organizations, neighborhoods, villages convened by the People’s Committee of the commune. All opinions of delegates attending the meeting must be sufficiently and honestly stated in the meeting minutes.

Before the World Bank proceeds to project - After an EIA report is approved, the project owner shall - Follow the World Bank’s Policy appraisal the EA report must be made available formulate, approve and publicly display its EMP at the on Access to Information and at public place accessible for project-affected office of the commune-level People’s Committee of the Policy on disclosure of project Disclosure groups and local NGOs. Once the World Bank locality in which consultation of the community is made information, including EA officially receives the report, it will make the EA for people’s information, examination and oversight. instruments. report in English available to the public through (Article 16, Decree 18/2015). the Bank external website.

- For category A project, the Borrower retains - Not regulated in Vietnam policies. - Follow the World Bank independent EA experts not affiliated with the requirements to avoid conflict of - Project owner shall make, or hire an institution meeting project to carry out EA. interest the conditions provided in Clause 1, Article 13 (Decree Independent - For category A projects of high risk or multi- 18/2015) to prepare an EIA report. Project owner or Expert dimensional environmental concerns, the consulting service provider must fully meet the Borrower should also engage an advisory panel following conditions: (i) Having staff members in of independent, internationally recognized charge of EIA must obtain at least Bachelor’s degrees and Certificate in EIA consultancy; (ii) Having

Final Report 20 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Viet Nam (stipulating in Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, EA Process WB (stipulating in OP/BP 4.01 on Decree 40/2019/ND-CP, and Circular 27/2015/TT- Gap Filling Measures Stage Environmental Assessment) BTNMT environmental specialists to advise on aspects specialist staff members related to the project obtaining of the project relevant to EA. at least Bachelor’s degrees; (iii) Having physical- technical foundations and special-use devices for - Experts/consulting firm will be selected measuring, taking, processing, and analyzing through bid process under strict observation of environmental samples, which meet technical the World Bank. requirements. In case of unavailability of qualified special-use devices, having a contract to hire a capable institution. The Bank reviews the findings and - The Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment - In addition to the Government recommendations of the EA to determine shall assess and approve the EIA reports on projects requirements, follow the World whether they provide an adequate basis for prescribed in Appendix III of this Decree, except for Bank’s review and clearance processing the project for Bank financing. When projects subject to national defense and security secrets. procedures. the borrower has completed or partially completed EA work prior to the Bank's - Ministries, ministerial agencies shall assess and approve involvement in a project, the Bank reviews the the EIA reports on projects under their competence in EA to ensure its consistency with this policy. The approval for investment, except for projects in Appendix Bank may, if appropriate, require additional EA III of this Decree; work, including public consultation and - The People’s Committee of the province shall assess and disclosure. EA review approve EIA reports on projects in the province, except process for projects prescribed above. - The appraisal will take place no later than working 45 days at MONRE level and 30 working days at DONRE level and 5 working days at district level for after receipt of a full eligible EIA or EPP. - In case of necessity, the appraisal agency may consult with a number of environmental and project-related experts. The consulted agencies, organizations and experts shall reply in writing within 07 working days from the day of receiving the written request for opinion together with the project environmental impact

Final Report 21 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Viet Nam (stipulating in Decree 18/2015/ND-CP, EA Process WB (stipulating in OP/BP 4.01 on Decree 40/2019/ND-CP, and Circular 27/2015/TT- Gap Filling Measures Stage Environmental Assessment) BTNMT assessment report (Item 4a, Article 14, Decree 40/2019/ND-CP) - Numbers of copies are not specified. - The project owner has to submit at least seven copies of - Follow the World Bank’s Number and EIA report (depend on the number of appraisal council guidance and the Government - Language requirement: English and language of members) and one copy of the Feasibility Study or the requirements Vietnamese. EA reports in Vietnamese are EIA required Economic-Technical argument for the proposed project. required for in-country disclosure and English for appraisal is required for disclosure at the Bank external website - For Category A projects, the content of an EA The content of an EA report should be in line with Circular - The content of an EA report report follows Annex B of OP 4.01. No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT should satisfy both the Bank policy requirements and the - The scope of EA for a Category B project may GoV’s regulations. Content of vary from project to project, but it is narrower EIA report than that of Category A EA. The EMP is an integral part of Category A EAs (irrespective of other instruments used). EAs for Category B projects may also result in an ESMP with the content outlined in Annex C of OP 4.01 - During project implementation, the World - The local DONRE is entrusted to supervise the - Project environmental Bank supervises the project’s environmental environmental compliance of the project. management system needs to be aspects on the basis of the environmental established to monitor and - By the end of project construction stage, the provisions and the Borrower’s reporting supervise safeguards compliance Environmental Management Agencies will coordinate arrangement agreed in the loan agreement and during implementation. EA with Construction Management Agencies to supervise described in the other project documentation, to supervision the compliance of environmental management activities - Follow requirements in project determine whether the Borrower’s compliance stated in EA study. Loan Agreement, EMP, and with environmental covenant (primarily with contract with contractor to EMP) is satisfactory. If compliance is not monitor and supervise satisfactory, the World Bank will discuss with safeguards compliance. the Borrower action necessary to comply.

Final Report 22 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

III. ESIA implementation arrangement

III.1. Team members and Tasks The ESIA of the University of Da Nang Subproject by which the University of Da Nang is the Project Owner and responsible for implementation with consultants’ assistance. The ESIA team members are presented in Table 1 as follows. Table 2. List of ESIA Team Members No. Full name Educational Involvement in ESIA background preparation I University of Da Nang 1 Cao Xuan Tuan University of Da Nang Responsible for organizing the implementation of ESIA 2 Phan Hong Sang University of Da Nang To support the implementation of ESIA II Consultant 1 Nguyen Thi Thuy Master of Team leader on ESIA Environmental Science preparation - Overall management on ESIA preparation, site survey, public consultations and compose chapters 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6. 2 Nguyen Thi Mai Hoa Master of Participate in site surveys, Environmental Science public consultation and compose chapters 1, 3, 4 and 5. 3 Tran Thi Thuy Trang Master in Sociology Participate in site surveys and compose chapters 2, 3 and 5. 4 Tran Thi Ngoc Bachelor in Sociology Participate in site surveys and compose chapters 2, 3 and 5. 5 Le Phuong Khanh Environmental Participate in site surveys, engineer public consultation and compose chapters 2, 7. 6 Dao Thi My Linh Bachelor of Participate in site surveys, Environmental Science public consultation and compose chapters 2, 7. 7 Vu Anh Phu Construction engineer Support in summary of technical documents; compose chapter 4. Also, the environmental and social impact assessment is prepared with coordination of: - PMU: University of Da Nang. - Consultants for preparation of FS, RAP.

Final Report 23 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Ngu Hanh Son district People’s Committee (Department of Urban, Department of Natural Resources and Environment; Land Development Center...) - Hoa Quy ward people’s committees and affected community in Subproject area. - Representative officials, lecturers and students of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Dormitory; College of Information Technology under the UD.

III.2. ESIA Procedures The ESIA preparation for the UD subproject follows the below procedures: - Research contents of pre-feasibility study and other relevant technical and legal documents. - Collect data on socio-economic aspects, climate, hydrology and environment, etc. related to the project area. - Carry out surveys, sampling of soil, water, air, noise, vibration in the project area; - Identify impact sources, affected subjects and scope; analyze, evaluate and forecast the subproject environmental impacts. - Develop measures to mitigate adverse impacts, prevent and respond to environmental incidents. - Propose the subproject’s social and environmental management plan. - Analyze data and prepare reports according to specialists’ expertise. Collect data and prepare component reports. - Conduct consultations with the community and local authorities and interview households in the project area about the construction of project works. - Summary of the subproject’s ESIA. - Submit the project’s ESIA to WB and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for appraisal and approval.

III.3. ESIA methods In the process of preparation of ESIA, the Consultant has used the following methods: ➢ ESIA preparation methods ❖ Rapid Assessment Method Rapid Assessment Method was issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1993. In this report, pollution load coefficients are referred to in WB’s ESIA guideline (Environmental Assessment Manual, volume II, Sector Guideline, Environment, WB, Washington DC 8/1991 and Exhaust Gases Manual, non-industrial and industrial sources, Netherlands). These coefficients are used for forecast and assessment of environmental impacts in Chapter 3 of ESIA. ❖ Impact matrix method The method is used in chapter 3, 4 of the report. By this method, the relation between impacts of each activity under the subproject and environmental issues, elements is displayed in the impact matrix. Accordingly, these impacts will be put into studies so as to assess environmental impacts from construction activities of the subproject. ❖ Environmental modeling Environmental modeling is used in chapter 3, the method: - Use Gauss, Sutton models to forecast the spreading level and extend of TSP, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2; - Forecast noise reduction by distance generated from machines and construction

Final Report 24 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

equipment during construction, carried out by Federal Highway Administration (FHWA); - Forecast noise reduction by distance generated from machines and construction equipment during operation. ❖ Expert method The method is used throughout the subproject implementation process from preparing outline, determining study scale, environmental issues, surveying natural and ecological conditions, identifying and analyzing, proposing mitigation measures and developing environmental monitoring programs. ❖ Comparison methods The method is used for assessing the quality of environment, waste flows and pollution loads by comparison with regulations, related environmental standards, regulations of the Ministry of Health as well as research topics and related experiments. ❖ Identification method The method is used with following procedures: - Description of environmental system. - Determination of subproject’s components affecting the environment. - Adequate identification of waste flow and related environmental issues for specific assessment activities. ❖ Listing method - Description listing sheet: The method lists environmental components to be studied in combination with data from measurements, forecasts and assessments; - Simple listing sheet: The method lists environmental components to be studied which are likely to be affected. ➢ Others ❖ Public consultation During the course of report preparation, the Consultant coordinated with the Client to hold consultations with leaders and local people at office of the Hoa Quy ward People’s Committees to collect information necessary for environmental impact assessment of the subproject. Specially, in early Nov 2019, the Consultant and Client held the fist consultations with leaders of Hoa Quy ward in relation with the contents as follows: Information collection, introduction to them about benefits and potential negative impacts caused by the Subproject to environment and their life. In addition, during the ESIA preparation, there was consultation with representatives of leaders, lecturers and students at the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, the College of Information Technology, and the existing dormitory in the subproject area and with management representatives of pagodas/shrines who are potentially affected by the subproject (Hai An Pagoda, Khai Tay Sanctuary. The Consultant coordinated with the local authorities in organizing consultations with communities/units in the subproject area. After ESIA report has been prepared, in last Dec 2019, the PMU conducted the second consultations in Hoa Quy ward and Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, and existing Dormitory in relation with the draft report’s contents. Accordingly, all responses and expectations from local people in the subproject area have been recorded. On the other hand, the consultations with local officials and people on local socio-economic development status have been also carried out. The method of public consultation is applied in Chapter 6 of this report. ❖ Information and data inheritance, summary and analysis method

Final Report 25 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The method is to determine, assess natural and socio-economic conditions in subproject area through data and information collected from various sources such as Statistical Yearbook, locally socio-economic reports, environmental current status, hydrological and meteorological documents and related researches. At the same time, inheritance from done researches and reports is very crucial because achieved results will be promoted and shortages will be dealt with and developed. ❖ Site survey method Consulting agency has conducted visits in Subproject areas, surveys on geographical and topographical conditions, sampling locations, surveys on current status of water supply, drainage, power supply, etc. Collected results will be utilized to analyze social and natural conditions in subproject area. ❖ Sampling and sample analysis in labs In November 2019, the Client coordinated with the Unit of Environmental Monitoring in organization the monitoring, sampling and analyzing air, noise, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil samples in the subproject area to evaluate current status of quality of environment compositions. The sampling, analyzing and storage of samples complied with the applicable standards and regulations. This method is applied in item 2.1.4, Chapter 2 of the report. ❖ Socio-economic and GBV survey data method The survey was conducted in the project area in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city. Surveyed people included the project-affected households in residential clusters No.58, 59, 60, and 61 of Hoa Quy ward and representatives of stakeholders as following: a) Collection of secondary information Document review: The consultant has collected necessary documents available at local offices including laws, Decrees, Circulars, Decisions related to Vietnam's land acquisition and social safeguard policies as well as the World Bank's guidelines to study and analyze the differences and propose measures to harmonize these differences; collect and study annual socio-economic reports and socio-economic development strategies of Da Nang City, Ngu Hanh Son District and Hoa Quy Ward to obtain information on existing status of local socio-economic development and economic development orientations. The documents collected include: - Policies of GoV in general and the regulations of Da Nang city in particular on compensation, assistance and resettlement; - WB policy on involuntary resettlement (OP4.12); - Statistical Yearbook of Da Nang City, Ngu Hanh Son District in 2018; - Socio-Economic Report 2018 of Da Nang City, Ngu Hanh Son District and Hoa Quy Ward; b) Collection of primary information and data The consultant carried out a population census, inventory of losses (IOL) and socio-economic survey to collect initial data for preparation of a compensation, assistance and resettlement plan for the project. At the same time, this data will also help provide an in-depth understanding of the current socio-economic status of the AHs including their livelihoods and living conditions to establish entitlements to compensation and support for Livelihood restoration that is appropriate to socio-economic events of affected households. Quantitative method: a quantitative survey by questionaire was used for collecting socio- economic data of affected HHs. A semi-structured questionnaire with specific questions was designed in a way that enables statistical analysis.

Final Report 26 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Principle for the survey method: the surveyed people are those who are directly affected by the project (focus on severely affected (losing 20% of productive land and/or relocation) and vulnerable persons). Those selected for the survey should represent households that are between the ages of 18 and 60. The total sample size of the survey is 200 persons represented for 200 affected households. Sample structure including: Information Male Female Severely affected household Number of 72 128 200 households Percentage 36 64 100 Qualitative method: In addition, qualitative method was also applied. Objective of the method is to collect general information, clarify or obtain opinions and comments on specific issues from individuals or a small group of people who are selected from different groups (male and female affected persons, vulnerable persons, leaders,). At the same time, this method was also used to build people's consensus on the project. Focus group discussions are a good way to assess stakeholders’ view on the project and identify their issues and concern. The application of SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges) matrix analysis method can help identify priority issues and activities of the project for social groups. In addition to group discussions, in-depth interviews with some related people were also conducted to have better understanding of their opinions on some issues or concerns. Guidelines for group discussion and in-depth interview have been prepared according to different topics and groups/persons. Consultant has conducted 8 in-depth interviews with 8 local leaders and three group discussions with total 82 people. Qualitative survey including: Number of Number of Methods Interviewees people interview/discussions participants Indepth Representative of PMU 01 01 interview Representative of Hoa Quy 01 01 ward PC Head of villages 03 03 Representative of relocated 02 02 HHs Representative of vulnerable 01 01 HHs Group Group of leaders: PMU’s staff, discussion local authority, Women’s 01 07 Union, Farmer Union, Heads of residential clusters Group of with affected HH 01 60 Group of Students 01 15 c) Site observation This method aims to gather useful and timely information by observing what is happening at the project area to gain a better understanding of the assessment results. The above method can be used to understand the context in which information is gathered and interpret the survey results. During the RAP implementation, the consultant visited the construction site to find out about the living conditions of the people including: (i) housing and facilities for living and

Final Report 27 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

production; (ii) sanitary conditions; (iii) infrastructure conditions; (iv) access to public services. The consultant also visited the resettlement site to assess the comfortability of the resettlement site for relocated households. In addition, the consultant also visited the cemetery area of the city in Hoa Ninh commune. d) Data analysis Quantitative data are processed by SPSS – a statistical analysis software. - A frequency table with correlation tables of results for analysis into the report. The independent variables are gender of head of household, economic group, etc. In addition, the correlation between variables such as income, employment, livelihood, poverty, ethnic minorities and independent variables such as gender, age, education was analyzed to find out the relationships and the factors of impact. The collected data is kept in a database to serve as an initial database for monitoring and evaluation during the project implementation period. - Processing and analyzing qualitative information: The information gathered from in-depth interviews and group discussions is processed by the Nvivo program on the topics that need to be assessed and analyzed. The qualitative results will help explain the quantitative results more clearly and reflect the views as well as the consensus or opposition of the people to the project and help identify issues that people are interested in. - Results of the socio-economic survey of affected households and socio-economic information of the subproject district are presented in the following pages.

Final Report 28 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

CHAPTER 1. PROJECT DESCRIPTION

1.1. Project name Vietnam National University Development Project – University of Da Nang Subproject (Funded by World Bank) 1.2. Project Owner Project Owner: University of Da Nang Representative: Mr. - Position: Address: 41 Le Duan, Hai Chau 1 ward, Hai Chau district, Da Nang city. Tel: (84-236) 3822041; Fax: (84-236) 3823683 1.3. Location of subproject Area The University of Da Nang subproject site (WB fund) has an area of 40ha and located in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city4. Spatial context of the project is a new campus adjacent to the existing one. Its boundaries are: • The North: borders Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road with the boundary length of about 1.5km toward the intersection of Tran Dai Nghia and Nam Ky Khoi Nghia. • The East: borders Korea – Vietnam Friendship Information Technology College (under the management of Ministry of Information and Communication) • The South: borders the planned area of Da Nang University Village (in Dien Ban district, Quang Nam province) • The West: borders the planned area of Da Nang University Village (the planned area is the services and trading area in Da Nang city). The UD subproject will construct member units and University of Da Nang, including: (A1) University of Technology and Education; (A2) University of Foreign Languages Studies; (A3) International University; (A4) Multi-purpose sport complex; (A5) Center of the University of Da Nang; (B1) new construction of technical infrastructure of the University of Da Nang in the area of 40ha; (B2) Construction of Technopole Center and Innovation Quarter. Positions of the works are shown in the Figure 1.1 below:

4 The University Village of Da Nang, including universities, research centers/institutes and experimental lab area will be locate in an area of 300ha, in which 110ha belong to Da Nang city and 190ha is of Quang Nam province. Of 110ha in Da Nang, 40 ha was cleared for constructing the Viet-Han University of Information Technology and some functional buildings of UD since 2004 and 2009. The remaining 70ha area needs to be cleared in which 40ha is required for the Bank financed project.

Final Report 29 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

UD SUBPROJECT AREAS

Figure 1.1: Location of UD subproject in the planning

Final Report 30 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

1.4. Scope of Investments

For University of Danang Subproject, the project will provide support for the construction of buildings and technical infrastructures in the proposed area of 40 hectares (ha). These include: (A1) University of Technology and Education; (A2) University of Foreign Languages Studies; (A3) International University (British University); (A4) Multi-purpose sport complex; (A5) Center of the University of Da Nang; (B2) Construction of Technopole Center; and (B1) New construction of technical infrastructure in the area of 40ha. Details on these proposed work items are presented in following Table 1.1:

Final Report 31 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 1.1. Detailed Description of Work Items for UD subproject

No Works Description Scope of investments Images A Component 1

1 University of - Position: the North borders the • New construction of 4 buildings with Technology land area for construction of total floor area of 45,142 m2 including: and International University under - 01 building for working with 05 Education the UD subproject; the East storeys, floor area of 8,500 m2; (A1) borders the existing dormitory - 02 buildings for study with 05 (about 1500 student); the South storeys, floor area of 30,000 m2 is adjacient to the existing College of Information - 01 building for practicing with 03 2 Technology (230 lectures/staffs, storeys, floor area of 6,642 m . 1,188 students); the West is All buildings will be structured of boundary to the existing Faculty reinforced concrete and have no of Machine and Pharmacy (68 basement; lectures/staffs, 989 students) and • Auxiliary works: yard, internal road, the planned area for construction landscape, green trees, parking house, of trading service area of parking lot, substations and others University of Da Nang. • Technical systems to ensure the - Area: 5,3ha operation process: fire protection, air- - Current status of land use: 2.7ha conditioner, lighting, elevators, M&E was cleared and 2.6ha is the system of the building, electricity existing residential area in the supply, water supply, drainage and beginning of Luu Quang Vu wastewater collection systems, etc. road, including house and garden • Installation of teaching and learning land. aids: computers, projectors, cameras, - Infrastucture current status: have smart podiums, interactive screens, approach roads (Asphalt etc. concrete road with 14.5m width), • Design scale: 6,000 students and 450 water and power supply systems, officers/lecturers drainage and common drainage system.

Final Report 32 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images - Residents: the site that was cleared is the vacant land and covered by shrubs; the area that was not cleared is the residential quarter 60, Hoa Quy ward. The area has moderate residential density. All residents in the area will be displaced due to land acquisition.

Final Report 33 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images

2 University of - Position: the North borders Nam • New construction of 2 buildings with Foreign Ky Khoi Nghia road; the East total floor area of 18,000 m2 including: Languages borders the existing dormitory; - 01 building for working with 05 Studies (A2) the South is adjacient to the stories, floor area of 10,500 m2; planned area for construction of - 01 building for study with 05 storeys, trading service area of University floor area of 7,500 m2. of Da Nang; the West is boundary to the existing College All buildings will be structured of of Information Technology; the reinforced concrete and have no West is boundary to Technopole basement; Center of the UD subproject. • Auxiliary works (yard, internal road, - Area: 5.0ha landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others - Current status of land use: residential area and agricultural • Technical systems to ensure the area of households on Luu operation process: fire protection, air- Quang Vu road (quarter 60, Hoa conditioner, elevators, M&E system of Quy ward) the building, etc. - Infrastucture current status: have • Installation of teaching and learning approach roads, water and power aids: computers, projectors, cameras, supply, drainage and common smart podiums, interactive screens, drainage system. etc. - Residents: the area that was not • Design scale: 7,000 students and 350 cleared is located in the officers/lecturers residential quarter 60, Hoa Quy ward. The area has moderate residential density. All residents in the area will be displaced due to land acquisition.

Final Report 34 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images

3 International - Position: the North borders Nam • New construction of 2 buildings with University Ky Khoi Nghia road; the East total floor area of 14,100 m2 including: (A3) borders the Korea – Vietnam - 01 building for working with 05 Friendship Information storeys, floor area of 4,350 m2; Technology College; the South - 01 building for study with 05 storeys, is adjacient to the existing floor area of 9,750 m2. dormitory and the area planned to build the UD subproject; All buildings will be structured of reinforced concrete and have no - Area: 6.1ha basement; - Current status of land use: about • Auxiliary works (yard, internal road, 2ha was cleared and 4.1ha in the landscape, green trees, parking house, beginning of Luu Quang Vu road parking lot, substations and others is the residential area which hass house and garden of residents. • Technical systems to ensure the operation process: fire protection, air- - Infrastucture current status: have conditioner, elevators, M&E system of approach roads, water and power the building, etc. supply, drainage and common drainage system. • Installation of teaching and learning aids: computers, projectors, cameras, - Residents: The site that was smart podiums, interactive screens, cleared is the vacant land and etc. covered by shrubs; the area that was not cleared is the residential • Design scale: 3,000 students and 150 quarter 61, Hoa Quy ward. The officers/lecturers area has moderate residential density. All residents in the area will be displaced due to land acquisition

Final Report 35 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images

4 Multi- - Position: the North borders • New construction of 5 buildings with purpose sport Technopole center of UD total floor area of 24,503 m2 including: complex (A4) subproject; the East borders the - 03 dormitory building with 05 storeys, area planned to build the center floor area of 11,340 m2; area of the UD subproject; The - 01 building for study with 05 storeys, West is boundary to the area floor area of 9,750 m2; planned to construction of UD subproject (currently is rice - 01 canteen with 1 story, floor area of 2 paddy) 3,413 m . - Area: 5.1ha The buildings will be structured of reinforced concrete and have no - Current status of land use: is the basement; residenital area and agricultural land of households on Luu • Auxiliary works (yard, internal road, Quang Vu road (residential landscape, green trees, parking house, quarters 58, 59, Hoa Quy ward) parking lot, substations and others - Infrastucture current status:have • Technical systems to ensure the approach roads, water and power operation process: fire protection, air- supply, drainage and common conditioner, elevators, M&E system of drainage system. the building, etc. - Residents: the area that was not • Installation of teaching and learning aids: computers, projectors, cameras, cleared is located in the residential quarter 58, 59, Hoa smart podiums, interactive screens, Quy ward. The area has low etc. residential density. All residents • Design scale: 24,000 students in the area will be displaced due to land acquisition.

Final Report 36 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images

5 Center area - Position: the North and the West • Construction of 01 central of the UD borders the area planned to administration building with 9 storeys, construction of Multi-purpose total floor area of 19,170m2. sport complex; the East borders The buildings will be structured of Faculty of Medicine and reinforced concrete and have no Pharmacy; The West is boundary basement; to the area planned to • Construction of auxiliary works construction of UD subproject (Auxiliary structures: yard, internal (currently is rice paddy) road, landscape, green trees, parking - Area: 9.5ha house, parking lot, substations and - Current status of land use: others) residential land and agricultural • Technical systems to ensure the land of households on Luu operation process: fire protection, air- Quang Vu road (quarters 58, 59 conditioner, elevators, M&E system of of Quy Hoa ward) the building, etc. - Infrastucture current status: have • Installation of teaching and learning approach roads, water and power aids: computers, projectors, cameras, supply, drainage and common led interactive screen, building drainage system. management system, etc - Residents: the area that was not • Design scale: 250 officers/lecturers cleared is located in the residential quarter 58, 59, Hoa Quy ward. The area has low residential density. All residents in the area will be displaced due to land acquisition. In the area, there area Hai An pagoda (to be remained) and 2 temples of Le and Pham families (to be displaced). B Component 2

Final Report 37 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images

6 Technopole - Position: the North borders Nam • New construction of 5 buildings with and High tech Ky Khoi Nghia road; the East total floor area of 24,100 m2 area (B2) borders the University of Foreign including: Languages Studies under the UD - 01 building for working with 05 subproject and the area planned storeys, floor area of 8,500 m2; to build trading center of the UD; - 04 high-tech buildings with 03 the South is adjacient to the storeys, floor area of 15,600 m2. Multi-purpose sport complex and the West is boundary to new There are 4 laboratories will be installed residential area (the vacant area in 4 above high-tech buildings, after site clearance). including: - Area: 6.8ha - Lab 1: Renewable Energy Technology - Biology - Environment - Current status of land use: is the residenital area and agricultural - Lab 2: Mechatronics Technology - land of households on Luu Automation - Automatic Quang Vu road (residential - Lab 3: Life Science (gene technology, quarters 58, 59, Hoa Quy ward) Animal and Plant cell technology, - Infrastucture current status:have Microbiology Technology, approach roads, water and power Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical supply, drainage and common Technology and natural compounds) drainage system; adjacient to the - Lab 4: Digital technology (Internet of temporary yard of construction Things, Cloud Computing, Artificial materials in Nam Ky Khoi Nghia Intelligence, Data Science, Information road Security) - Residents: The area that was not All buildings will be structured of cleared is located in the reinforced concrete and have no residential quarter 58, 59, Hoa basement; Quy ward. The area has low • Technical systems to ensure the residential density. All residents operation process: fire protection, air- in the area will be displaced due conditioner, elevators, M&E system of to land acquisition. In the area, the building, laboratory wastawater there area Khai Tay Sanctuary treatment plant, etc. (to be remained) and graves (to

Final Report 38 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images be displaced) • Installation of teaching and learning aids: computers, projectors, cameras, smart podiums, interactive screens, etc. • Design scale: 24,000 students and staffs

7 New - Position: are approach roads to • New construction of advanced construction member units of the UD and technical infrastructure, including: of technical division of functional area within internal road, power and power infrastructure the 40ha-wide campus of the UD system, drainage system, green trees, (B1) subproject. Information technology infrastructure - Area: 40 ha of the University of Da Nang on 40ha, including: - Current status of land use: is residential land and agricultural - Leveling elevation: the leveling land, and cemetery land of elevation is +6.5; black sand is used for households on Luu Quang Vu leveling; total volume of soil and sand 3 road (quarters 58, 59, 60, 61 in is about 160.000m Quy Hoa ward) - Transport: new construction of about - Infrastucture current status:have 12km transport road in the campus of approach roads, water and power 40ha with a width of main axis is 34m supply, drainage and common (section 2-2); branch axis is 20.5m drainage system. (section 1-1) and 15.5m (section 3-3); compacted at K=0.98; road surface is - Residents: The area that was not structured of asphalt concrete; cleared is located in the sidewalk, path and parking lot are residential quarter 58, 59, 60, 61 paved with Tarrezzo brick. Hoa Quy ward. The area has low residential density. All residents - Water supply: Construction of in the area will be displaced due separate substations for each site, the to land acquisition. connecting point will be discussed with Ngu Hanh Son power company. - Lighting system: internal roads in the UD will, depending on the width of

Final Report 39 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No Works Description Scope of investments Images cross section, be installed with one or 02 lighting posts opposite on road sides. The posts will be made of steel, 10m high, the pend pipe is 2m which stretch 1.5m. the average distance of posts is 40m. On each post, there is a LED light of 220V-150W. - Water supply: connect to clean water supply in Ngu Hanh Son district. - Stormwater drainage: From the UPVC stormwater drainage system, in construction area and manholes on transport routes, stormwater is led to the common collection system located on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road. Total length of 24km - Wastewater collection: from septic tank and UPVC pipe for wastewater collection, wastewater is connected to the city’s wastewater treatment plant. Total length of the pipeline is 40km.

Discription of laboratories: - Lab 1: Renewable Energy Technology - Biology - Environment - Lab 2: Mechatronics Technology - Automation - Automatic - Lab 3: Life Science (gene technology, Animal and Plant cell technology, Microbiology Technology, Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Technology and natural compounds) - Lab 4: Digital technology (Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, Information Security) (Note: The detail discription of above laboratories will be updated during the FS stage)

Final Report 40 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 1.2. Investment volume of work items

No.of Total floor No. Works No.of building Unit storey area

Component 1: Enhanced quality of teaching and learning A 14 101,745 (A1+A2+A3+A4+A5) A1 University of Technology and Education 4 45,142 1 Working building (one building with 05 storeys) 1 5 m2 floor 8,500 2 Study building (02 buildings with 5 storeys) 2 5 m2 floor 30,000 3 Practicing building (01 building with 03 storeys) 1 3 m2 floor 6,642 Auxiliary structures: yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, 4 item parking lot, substations and others) A2 University of Foreign Languages Studies 2 18,000 5 Working building (one building with 05 storeys) 1 5 m2 floor 10,500 6 Study building (02 buildings with 5 storeys 1 5 m2 floor 7,500 Auxiliary structures: yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, 7 item parking lot, substations and others) A3 International University 2 14,100 8 Working building (01 building with 05 storeys) 1 5 m2 floor 4,350 9 Practicing and testing building (01 building with 05 storeys) 1 5 m2 floor 9,750 Auxiliary structures: yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, 10 item parking lot, substations and others) A4 Multi-purpose sport complex 6 24,503 11 Dormitory (03 buildings with 05 storeys) 3 5 m2 floor 11,340 12 Study building (02 buildings with 5 storeys) 1 5 m2 floor 9,750 13 Canteen (01 building with 01 storey) 1 1 m2 floor 3,413 Auxiliary structures: yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, 14 item parking lot, substations and others)

Final Report 41 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No.of Total floor No. Works No.of building Unit storey area

A5 Executive building 15 Working building (01 building with 09 storeys) 1 9 m2 floor 19,170 Internal infrastructure (yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, 16 item parking lot, substations and others) B Component 2: Research excellence in selected fields(B1+B2) 5 24,100 Construction of technical infrastructure (internal transport, water supply, water B1 ha 40.0 drainage, electricity, etc.) B2 Technopole center (in the research, development and incubation area 17 Working building (one building with 05 storeys) 1 5 m2 floor 8,500 19 High-tech lab (04 buildings with 03 storeys) 4 3 m2 floor 15,600

Final Report 42 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

1.5. Construction methods

➢ Foundation construction Before commencement of the construction work, contractor will prepare construction method and equipment mobilization plan, prepare the construction site, check the testing devices, determine benchmarks and coordinate system of the works. The construction contractors must strictly follow the process for construction of bored piles to ensure the quality of the piles meets TCXDVN 326-2004 standard, take measures for earthwork with great depth and for mass concrete construction in accordance with TCVN 305-2004. ❖ Construction method for 3 – 9- floor works The works with height from 3 to 9 floors will have concrete pile foundation + Using precast concrete piles; drive the piles in pile groups; from the middle to the surrounding. Pile size is 30 x 30cm, pile length is 5-7m; The density of piles is about 5- 7 piles/m2. + Pressing the pile: Using pile pressing machine to press the pile into the soil, excavate the soil to the depth of 2-3m. Let the piles set in over 30 days before carrying out static tests on the piles. Start the pressing on the piles accurately and reasonably. Build the buildings and ancillary works. ➢ Methods for installation of formworks and scaffolding Formwork and foundation will comply with the requirements of TCVN 5724-1992. Construction of formwork will be done by teams of skilled and experienced workers. Formwork is classified, gathered separately in each area and transported to the construction site mainly by tower cranes. ➢ Construction method for formwork of girder, floor and roof Before installing formwork, we will check and position central axle of the beam. Install the formwork, check after installation to ensure safety during construction. ➢ Construction method for high-rise works Formwork used for structures using shaped steel formwork. The components fabricated on the ground will be brought to installation position by cranes. Transport the concrete by specialized vehicles and brought to high platform by pump or cranes. Transport other materials to high platform by cranes or hoists. The formwork system to be used should be convenient, easy to assemble and should ensure stability under working load and wind effects. Follow construction order for each floor, the construction joints, the expansion joints between girders, beam and floors, ensure integrity. Fabrication, assembly and erection of steel structures of the heat exchanger will strictly follow the process of erection of steel structure. The erection will be implemented upwardly and at the same time with process of installation of equipment. ➢ Methods for water supply and drainage in the buildings under the project Measures for carrying out each step of the water supply and drainage construction process of the Project are specified as follows: Determine locations, Install indoor water supply pipes. + Cut and thread galvanized steel pipes directly at the construction site by manual cutting method combined with specialized pipe threading machine. + Use a cutting machine to cut PVC pipes into sections with designed lengths. The water supply pipeline is hidden inside wall, so the brick cutting machines and manual cutting method will be applied to create trenches on the wall. Thus, after installation, the pipe will be fully immersed in the wall to facilitate later ceramic tiles.

Final Report 43 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The average depth of trenches on the wall is 3-4cm, the average width is 5-10cm depending on the position. If many pipes are installed at the same route on the wall, the trench cutting will be made carefully on the wall so as not to affect the structure of the wall. + The gap of threaded joints during construction of water supply pipeline will be lined by paint-coated jute wires. + All the pipe ends before and after construction will be sealed by plugs to avoid foreign objects. + Carry out the pipe pressure test immediately after installation. + After installing the pipe, use plaster to fix the pipe on the wall, under the floor. ➢ Installation of outdoor water supply pipeline Processing and cutting galvanized steel pipes by manual cutting table combined with specialized thread cutting machine; Transporting the pipes to locations where installation is required; Excavating cable trenches and placing steel pipes into trenches and conducting steel pipe connection joints; The gasket, sealing gap of the threaded joints during construction are all sealed to avoid foreign objects; After the installation is completed, conduct the testing and inpecting water supply capacity to each project area. ➢ Installation of indoor drainage pipes Specialized hanging device will be use to position the drainage pipes on each floor. The hanging device will be manufactured in such a way that it can easily adjust the height to facilitate the slope. PVC pipes and fittings will be joined together by specialized pipe glue. Every position where the pipe penetrates through the concrete floor will be waterproofed. ➢ Installation of sanitary wares The sanitary wares are mostly made of porcelain, so they will be carefully installed and have protective measures to ensure their safety; Sanitary wares will be installed when the process of masonry, plastering, tiling, tile and ceiling are completed; The couplings between the sanitary wares and the pipeline will be the types supplied or selected by the sanitary ware manufacturer; The lavabo and wall hanging urinal must be tighten to the wall by galvanized steel or stainless steel bolts; The sanitary wares will be checked and tested after being installed; Protective measures will be provided until the works are handed over and brought in to use. ➢ Construction and installation of grounding system – lightening protection Survey the structures to identify the type of soil, the characteristics of humidity, pH, groundwater level to select the form of grounding and the number of piles needed for the system; Identify the location of piles at the required depth for pile driving based on the design drawings; Connect the piles into a bare copper wire network; Check the connection joints, welds, then connect to the main switchboard, write the marks on the grounded busbar to facilitate the operation of the system. ➢ Construction and installation of the external power system Turn the trenches to bury the underground power line. Each underground power line is threaded in a conduit to ensure safety from short-circuiting. ➢ Construction, installation of transformer Excavate soil, erect reinforced concrete pillars, main drag resistance and install earthing road for the substation. Install uPVC pipes passing medium voltage cables, low voltage outgoing cables before construction of transformer station foundation, pipe connections must be glued of special type, the pipe ends must be cleaned before glued. Concreting transformer foundation and foundation.

Final Report 44 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

➢ Construction arrangements Preparation and receipt of the site: + Organize and assign responsibilities to individuals in the implementation management apparatus. + Receive the site to construct working offices, stores, worker camps, etc. + Submit the progress of approving design drawing, survey on the construction site for design of equipment design drawings. + Submit the schedule and material approval. + Submit and implement the material procurement plan. Construction of stores and worker camps + Warehouse construction materials: The material warehouse at the site shall be constructed within the subproject area. It should be firmly constructed on high ground to avoid wetness due to rain or other factors. If the construction area is too narrow, the Contractor shall set a plan to hire a warehouse for ensuring both material storage and convenience for material supply. + Equipment storage: Imported equipment or main equipment will be stored at the warehouse built by the Contractor. Only when the equipment is transported to the construction site, there are available approved transportation means, installation methods to ensure the shortest duration of installation. + Works: in inclusive of working offices of the site management board and processing workshops. Transportation of materials and equipment + Materials and equipment will be transported from the Contractor’s warehouse to the construction site by specialized vehicles such as forklifts, cranes, loads, etc. The construction materials will be delivered to the site as planned in accordance with the construction progress so as to avoid delays of the construction progress. Supplies and equipment will be transported at least 5 days before installation. + The imported equipment is transported to the Contractor’s warehouse (or the Project Owner’s warehouse) to ensure not to be damaged and in timely manner to avoid long- time storage at the site which can cause damages on equipment. Equipment for installing cranes and other supplies, load will be calculated and submitted along with the registration paper before use to avoid accidents that lead to construction delays. Preparation of equipment + List of supplies and equipment for construction activities will be prepared and submitted to the Project Owner before transported to the construction site. + Measurement equipment, Testing & Commissioning will be adjusted and labeled by the State quality verification unit before use. + All electric equipment must be safe and protection devices for the equipment must be sufficient in the case of electric shocks. + Temporary electric system for construction: electric cabinets (with support stand) on the floor, Aptomat against shock and short circuits, sockets and circuit breakers for construction. Means of transport and construction machines + Means of transportation and installation such as cranes, trucks, construction vehicles, etc. can be timely provided for the subproject. We are committed to selecting contractors who have good equipment and be active for this project to shorten the construction time.

Final Report 45 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

+ Construction machine: includes excavators, loaders, and specialized equipment used for construction and installation such as: cutting machines, drilling machines, drilling machines, TIG, electric welding, grinding machines, pipe-making equipment, cable laying machine, etc. + Testing equipment, system testing: Measurement equipment with high reliability and accuracy, meeting the most stringent requirements of testing standards in the bidding document. Preparation of materials and equipment: To ensure quality, the Contractor must prepare the following steps: + Prepare the plan on materials and equipment to be used and submit the plan to the Design Consultant, + Prepare the plan on supplies, equipment procurement and submit samples of some installation materials to the Subproject Owner and Consultant for review and approval. + The Consultant must provide the materials as the prepared schedule, sign contracts on equipment impacts; ensure the shortest period of material and equipment supply to the site. + The material and equipment supply plan can be adjusted from time to time and satisfy the construction progress or any changes on actual schedule and ensure the coordination with other contractors. Register of construction plan for the subproject, the Contractor must + Complete the construction schedule from the commencement date ordered by the subproject Owner. + Detailed construction schedule and manpower plan are made on the Win Project which is convenient for monitoring, updating and adjusting in each construction period (weekly, monthly). + The construction plan will give priority to factors that affect the progress of construction contractors. It should ensure the soonest reinstatement for completing the works.

1.6. Labors, materials, machinery and equipment

1.6.1. Construction phase It is expected that the UD subproject will mobilize a large number of construction workers in 18-36 months upon each work’s scale and characteristics. Details are presented below: Table 1.2. Number of workers No. of Construction Implementation No. Works workers time (month) period (person) I Component 1 University of Technology and Phase 2 1 200 24 Education University of Foreign Languages Phase 2 2 200 36 Studies 3 International University 150 24 Phase 2 4 Executive building 100 24 Phase 1

Final Report 46 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No. of Construction Implementation No. Works workers time (month) period (person) 5 Multi-purpose sport complex 150 24 Phase 1 II Component 2 Technopole Center and Innovation Phase 2 6 300 36 Quarter Technical infrastructure in the area Phase 1 7 100 18 of 40ha Total 1200 Note: Phase 1 from 2021 to 2022; Phase 2 from 2023 to 2025. In the construction phase, the equipment as Excavator, bulldozer, compactor, pile drilling machine, roller, welding machine, hoist, truck, etc. are used. The list of main machinery and equipment for basic construction is presented in Table 1.4 below.

Table 1.3. List of main machinery and equipment

No. Machines and equipments

purpose sport

complex

Technical

Education

University

area 40haof

International

University of

Technology and

Technopole center

LanguagesStudies

Executive building

infrastructure the in

Multi University of Foreign 1. Excavator with one 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 bucket, 0.8m3 2. 1.6 m³ excavator 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 3. 108 CV bulldozers 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 4. 108 CV plate machine 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5. 10T vibratory roller 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6. 16T Mini Wheel Loader 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 7. 25T vibratory roller 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8. 10T automobile crane 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 9. Cars watering 5m3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 10. Automobile watering 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 plastic 7T 11. Mortar mixer 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 12. Concrete mixers 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 13. Water pumps 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 14. Plastic asphalt carpet 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 machine 15. Pile machine 2 2 2 2 2 2 16. Automobiles dump 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 17. Steel bending machine 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 18. Electric welding machines 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

Final Report 47 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No. Machines and equipments

purpose sport

complex

Technical

Education

University

area 40haof

International

University of

Technology and

Technopole center

LanguagesStudies

Executive building

infrastructure the in

Multi University of Foreign 19. Shredder 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 Estimated excavated and backfilled volume is as follows: Table 1.4. Volume of demolition, dredged material and excavation activities Volume of Volume of Volume of demolition excavation back-filling 3 Work item Total (m ) (m3) (m3) (m3) Excavated and backfilled 125,000 75,000 160,000 360,000 volume in the area of 40ha Materials demand for UD subproject follows: Table 1.5. Volume of materials on the construction phase Wood/f Brick Stone Sand Cement Steel Asphalt Works ormwor (psc) (m3) (m3) (Ton) (Ton) (m3) ks (m3) 1. University of

Technology 35,298,667 40,341 50,427 12,909.23 3,529.87 - and Education 3,026 2. University of Foreign 42,490,000 48,560 60,700 15,539.20 4,249 3,642 - Languages Studies 3. International 20,230,000 23,120 28,900 7,398.40 2,023 1,734 - University 4. Multi- purpose sport 11,746,000 13,424 16,780 4,295.68 1,174.60 1,007 - complex 5. Executive 25,841,667 29,533 36,917 9,450.67 2,584.17 2,215 - building 6. Technopole 22,166,667 25,333 31,667 8,106.67 2,216.67 1,900 - Center 7. Technical infrastructure - 1,703 - - - - 902,264 in the area of 40ha Total 157,773,000 212,507 225,390 57,700 15,777 13,523 902,264 The subproject will use materials from available material pits in Da Nang city, mainly in Hoa Vang and Lien Chieu district, under the Resolution 205/NQ-HDND dated 19/12/2018 on planning, exploitation and use of minerals as common construction materials in Da Nang city by 2025, with a vision to 2030. The mines supplying construction material to the UD subproject will be granted operation license in accordance with the city regulations (the license of the mines will be added during the construction phase, before purchasing materials)

Final Report 48 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Sand, stone, soil for construction/filling will be purchased from local borrow pits and quarries transported to the project sites by roadways. Locations of potential sources, capacities and operation permits are discussed in Table 1.7. Table 1.6. Some expected mines to be used for the UD subproject Name Description a. Borrow pit: - Position: located in Tung Son, Hoa Nhon commune – Hoa Vang district – Da Nang city. It is managed by Quang Hung Company Limited. - Exploitation and transportation conditions: Convenient in all weather conditions. - Distance to the subproject area: 12 km - Reserves: approximately 700,000m3. - Quality: clay mixed with sand and grit with gray,

red-brown color Hoc Gia Hanh borrow pit b. Sand mine: - Position: Located to the left of Do bridge in Hoa Chau commune – Hoa Vang district – Da Nang city. The sand mine is under management of Le Van. - Exploitation and transportation conditions: Convenient in dry season and difficult in rainy season. - Distance to the subproject area: 10km (in which 0.5km of soil road from the mine to NH1A; 9.5km of NH1A and Nam Ky Khoi Nghia). Cau Do sand mine (C1) - Supplying capacity: unstable and depending on weather conditions and the supplying capacity from exploitation source is small with an average of 300 m3/day. - Quality: Good. Sand with medium – coarse particles that is good for concreting use. - Position: Located in the left of Qua Giang bridge in Hoa Phuoc commune – Hoa Vang District. It is under management of Ms Tran Thi Hoa. - Exploitation and transportation conditions: Convenient in dry season and difficult in rainy season. - Distance to the subproject area: 5.5km (in which Cau Qua Giang sand mine (C2) 0.2km of soil road from the mine to NH1A; 5.3km of NH1A and Nam Ky Khoi Nghia) - Supplying capacity: about 100m3/day. - Quality: Good. Sand with medium – coarse particles that is good for concreting use.

Final Report 49 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Name Description c. Quarry: - - Position: It is located in Hoa Nhon commune – Hoa Vang district – Da Nang city, under management of the Asphalt Concrete and Quarry Exploitation Enterprise. - Exploitation and transportation conditions: Convenient. - Distance to the subproject: about 8.5km (of which 2.0km of asphalt road of 5m wide; 1.0km asphalt road of 10.5m wide and 2 km of NH14B, 3.5km Phuoc Thuan Quarries (D1) asphalt road of Nam Ky Khoi Nghia). - Reserves: about 2,000,000m3. - Quality: gray-blue, dark gray granite, good use for concreting and asphalt concrete. - Position: located in Hoa Nhon commune – Hoa Vang district – Da Nang city, under management and operation of Chu Lai JSC branch - Exploitation and transportation conditions: under mechanical exploitation and convenient transportation. - Distance to the subproject: about 10.90km (of which Hoc Khe Quarries 2 (D2) 2.8km of asphalt road of 4.5m wide; 1.0km asphalt road of 10.5m wide and 2 km of NH14B, 5km asphalt road of Nam Ky Khoi Nghia). - Reserves: nearly 1,400,000m3. - Quality: gray-blue, dark gray granite, good use for concreting and asphalt concrete. d. Asphalt concrete mixer - Position: located in Hoa Nhon commune – Hoa Vang district – Da Nang city. The plant is under management of asphalt concrete and mine exploitation Enterprise. - Exploitation and transportation conditions: convenient. It is under exploitation of works in the area. - Distance to the subproject: about 8.10km (of which Truong Son asphalt concrete plant 1.0km of asphalt road of 10.5m wide; 2.1km asphalt road of NH14B, 5km asphalt road of NH1A and Nam Ky Khoi Nghia) - The asphalt concrete mixing plant satisfies the requirements on quality and environmentally friendly and it is granted with operation license. - Capacity: 60-80T/h.

Final Report 50 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Name Description - Position: Vo Nguyen Giap - Nguyen Duc Thuan streest (in 95 block, My Khe ward, Ngu Hanh Son district). - Exploitation and transportation conditions: convenient and exploited by several works in the area.

Dang Hai concrete mixing plant - Distance to the subproject: around 4km. - The asphalt concrete mixing plant satisfies the requirements on quality and environmentally friendly and it is granted with operation license. - Capacity: 200 T/h. 1.6.2. Operation phase In the operation phase, machines and equipment used for the subproject include studying and teaching aids (computer, projectors, screens, multimeters,...), kitchen devices (refrigerator, freezers, sinks, ovens, rice cookers, food drawers, etc.), mechanical equipment installed in the executive building, air conditioners, pumps, generators, transformer station, etc. Especially, in the Technopole, specific machines and equipment for studying and researches will be used. More detail information will be updated in the FS stage. List of machines and equipment is shown in the following table: Table 1.7. List of main machinery and equipment in the Technopole

No. Name of universities/equipments High Performance Computing (HPC) Center and Archives Center; Software and Virtual 1 Lab of 4 prioritized fields

- Multi purpose System - Privated Cloud System

- High Performance Computing (HPC) System - System of virtual lab and computing software: Fluid Simulation software; Electronic Simulation system; Simulation Solution for Car Crash; Laboratory of smart vehicles, etc.

2 Laboratory on Renewable Energy - Biology - Environment (Lab 1)

- Solar Simulation - Thermal Solar collector Study - FTIR spectrometer

- TOC/TN/TP Analyzer 3 Laboratory on Mechatronics Technology - Automation (Lab 2) - EXCEED SERIES mechanical universal testing machine

- Industrial robot arm - Mobile robot model - Servo motor

- Control board, driver for servo motors

- Hardware in the Loop simulation

Final Report 51 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No. Name of universities/equipments Laboratory of Life Sciences (Gene, Animal and Plant Cells, Microbiology, 4 Nanotechnology, Pharmacy and Natural Compounds) (Lab 3) - Refrigerator storing microbiological samples (40C). - Ultra-low freezers (-800C). - Temperature Controlled Shakers. - Ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction. - Microbial densitometer. - Protein Quantitation Kit. - Biological centrifuge. - Autoclave. - Biosafety cabinet-class I. - Fume hood. - Conductivity meter. - pH meter. - Thermogravimetry-Differential Thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) Analyzer. - X-ray Diffractometer (XRD). - Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). - CT Scan images. - Carbonate distillation cabinet. - Electron microscope. Laboratory on Digital Technology (Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Artificial 5 Intelligence, Data Science, Information Security) (Lab 4) - Virtual Reality Simulation Systems - Motion monitoring system - Auxiliary equipment (glasses, station) - Workstation - Electrocardiogram, electromechanical analyzing system - Traffic and attack simulation system - Firewalls - Software for workstation security - Controlling and quick response software - Intrusion Prevention System - Centralized monitoring and reporting system (Source: University of Da Nang, 1/2020) In the operation phase, the subproject will use the following water and fuels: - Water supply for buildings/laboratories - Petrol for the operation of generators and other machines - Power for lighting, air conditioning, ventilation, cooking. This is the major energy consumption source of the subproject - Gas for cooking in canteen and some compressed gases for testing in the lab.

Final Report 52 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Chemicals to be used in the lab for Life Science consist of: Table 1.8. List of materials on the operation phase No. Name Formula I Acid 1. Hydrochloric acid HCl 2. nitric acid HNO3 3. Sulfuric acid H2SO4 4. Phosphoric acid H3PO4 5. Sulfuric acid H2SO3 6. chloric acid HClO3 7. Carbonic acid H2CO3 8. Nitrogen acid HNO2 9. Acetic acid CH3-COOH 10. Benzoic acid C6H5-COOH II Bases 11. Sodium hydroxide NaOH 12. Calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 13. Copper (II) hydroxide Cu(OH)2 14. Iron (II) hydroxide Fe(OH)2 15. Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2 16. Magnesium hydroxide Mg(OH)2 III. Salt 17. Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3 18. Ammonia chloride NH4Cl 19. Sodium chloride NaCl 20. Barium chloride BaCl2 21. Sodium nitrate NaNO3 22. Copper (II) nitrate Cu(NO3)2 23. Sodium phosphate Na3PO4 Note: More detail information will be updated in the FS stage

1.7. Disposal site

For the UD subproject – WB fund, leveling will be conducted in the area of 40ha after finishing compensation and site clearance. Before leveling, it is required to remove the organic soil layer and wastes from demolition activities. The construction solid wastes during the site clearance and organic removal will be transported as follows: - Construction wastes: Debris and excavated soil can be used for leveling of works and area of the UD subproject. Particularly, the soil can be used to build service roads to the construction area. The non-reusable soil can be collected and transported to the disposal site by Da Nang Urban Environmental Company (described in Chapter 2). - Removal of organic soil: The results from analysis of removed organic soil showed that the soil in the subproject area has not been contaminated of heavy metal, thus it can be used to be the secondary soil for on-sport leveling and compaction if qualified or for planting trees. Expected disposal site: As planned, the construction wastes (debris), solid domestic wastes from the subproject will be collected, transported and treated at Khanh Son/solid waste treatment complex in Hoa Khanh Nam, Lien Chieu district. The site is about 15km from the subproject area. - Area: 48ha - in Hoa Khanh Nam ward, Lien Chieu district

Final Report 53 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Capacity (treatment) : 700 tons/day - Management Unit: Da Nang URENCO - Operation duration: 2007 – 2025 (untill 2035 by upgrading Khanh Son/solid waste treatment complex) - Transportation distance: about 15km from Khanh Son disposal site → NH 14B → NH 1A → Nam Ky Khoi Nghia → Subproject area.

1.8. Resettlement site

A Resettlement site needs to be constructed to accommodate 468 relocated households due to losing residential land and houses. This resettlement site is invested by Da Nang city as a separate project and in the judgment of the Bank it is considered as an associated facility because it is: - Directly and significantly related to the project; and - Carried out, or planned to be carried out, contemporaneously with the project; and - Necessary for the project to achieve objective Scope and level of impact: ✓ Affected land area: 12.5 ha ✓ Number of affected households: 120 ✓ Number of severely affected households: 58 ✓ Number of relocated households: 28 ✓ Number of vulnerable households: 7 Investor: People's Committee of Da Nang City Implementation duration: 2020-2021 Estimated total investment: 15,000,000,000 VND The Resettlement site is associated with the UD subproject, so the Bank’s safeguards policy shall apply. Implementation of involuntary resettlement for the resettlement site will be followed this RAP. The UD-PMU in combination with external monitoring agency will monitor the implementation of resettlement of this site and include in semi-annual monitoring reports of the UD subproject to submit to the Bank. Resettlement site for graves The project will cause relocation of about 1,500 graves. The People's Committee of Da Nang City has prepared a plan to relocate all graves in the city, including 1,500 graves in the UD village project, to Hoa Ninh Cemetery Park which has been built and under operation, 20km from the city center. The affected households were consulted, and all agreed on relocation of these affected graves to the new cemetery of the city.

1.9. Project area of influence

According to OP 4.01 and project description, affected areas of the project include work items under the component 1 and 2 in 40ha of the UD's campus and about 200 m far from the sensitive locations of affected areas such as schools, religious areas and transport system. The distance is selected on the basis of noise from pile pressing works which is considered to be the most serious impacts. Table 1.9 The sensitive areas related to activities of the subproject area of influence

Final Report 54 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Project area of influence No. Components Location Aquatic Air, Noise and Vibration Ecology 1. Component 1 University of The students, lecturers, officers and Technology and the building structures of (i) Faculty 1.1 Education UD's campus of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) None College of Information Technology; (iii) The existing dormitory. University of The students, lecturers, officers and Foreign Languages the building structures of (i) Faculty 1.2 Studies UD's campus of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) None College of Information Technology; (iii) The existing dormitory. International The students, lecturers, officers and University the building structures of (i) Faculty 1.3 UD's campus of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) None College of Information Technology; (iii) The existing dormitory. Multi-purpose sport The students, lecturers, officers and complex the building structures of (i) Faculty 1.4 UD's campus of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) None College of Information Technology; (iii) The existing dormitory. Executive building The students, lecturers, officers and the building structures of (i) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) 1.5 UD's campus College of Information Technology; None (iii) The existing dormitory; Hai An pagoda. 2. Component 2 Technopole Center The students, lecturers, officers and the building structures of (i) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) 2.1 UD's campus College of Information Technology; None (iii) The existing dormitory; Khai Tay Santurary The students, lecturers, officers and Technical the building structures of (i) Faculty 2.2 infrastructure in the UD's campus of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) None area of 40ha College of Information Technology; (iii) The existing dormitory. Apart from direct impacts from the subproject in UD's campus following areas may be affected by the project during implementation of items by material construction transport and disposal. Basically, main routes for material construction transport and disposal are: ❖ Outbound roads:

Final Report 55 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

NH 1A: NH1A running through Da Nang city has been upgraded with the cross section expanded to 33m (the section in Truong Chinh road where the rail way runs parallelly with the cross section of 28m). The road was asphalted. NH 14B: This road connects Da Nang city to Highland and links Da Nang with the Asian Highway to Cambodia, Thailand, etc. It now was completed with an average cross section in the segment Tien Sa – Hoa Cam from 33 to 48m, and the segment Hoa Cam - Hoa Khuong of 15m. Provincial Road 607 (Tran Dai Nghia Road): with total length of 15 km, it was upgraded to 34m, has a separate strip; each side has 02 lanes. The road was concreted and has high quality. Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road (the ring road of Da Nang city): with total length of 10 km, the section running the project area is 2km long, 34m wide with a separate strip and 02 lanes on each side. The road was concreted and has high quality. Mai Dang Chon road: with total length of 15 km. It has been upgraded and expanded to 34m wide with a separate strip and 02 lanes on each side. The road was concreted and has high quality. ❖ Transport system in the subproject area The route 1 (from the College of Information Technology to Nam Ky Khoi Nghia) and route 2 and 7 and part of the route 2 and 6. These routes are structured of asphalt concrete and arranged with good drainage and illuminating system on both sides. Luu Quang Vu road has a width of 6-8m, structure of asphalt concrete. It has common drainage culvert and lighting system on road sides however the quality of road is not good. The road will be removed to build infrastructure in the Da Nang University Campus in accordance with the approved plan.

1.10. Project implementation schedule and total investment fund a. Total investment fund Total estimated investment fund for the project is: USD 111 million, equivalent to VND 2,546.007 billion (equivalent exchanges: USD/VND = 22,937). In which: WB’s fund is USD 100 million, equivalent to VND 2,293.700 billion (occupying 90%) and counterpart fund of USD 11 million, equivalent to VND 252,307 billion (making up10%) b. Project implementation schedule - Subproject preparation: From 2019 to 2020. - Subproject implementation: From 2021 to 2025. The subproject implementation will be divided into 02 phases: Phase 1 (2021-2022) and Phase 2 (2023 - 2025) - Operation: from 2026. The project implementation schedule is presented in Table 1.6 below. Table 1.10 Project implementation schedule No. Contents Time 1 The subproject proposal approved by the Prime Minister 12/2020 Proposal of Pre-FS report prepared and submitted to the Prime Minister 2 01/2020 (appraisal of Minister, Central Agencies). 3 Investment policy proposal approved by the Prime Minister 03/2020

Final Report 56 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No. Contents Time Preparation of FS and other component reports; approval of the subproject 4 03-5/2020 documents, related documents and decisions on the subproject investment 5 FS appraised by WB 3/2020 6 Approval of FS 5/2020 7 Negotiation – sign of loan agreement 5-6/2020 8 Detailed design, Request for proposal of 30% investment value (Phase1) 6-11/2020 9 Approval of detailed design, Request for proposal of 30% investment value 12/2020 11 Bidding for 30% investment value 01-6/2021 12 Detailed design, Request for proposal of 70% investment value (Phase 2) 1/2021 13 Approval of detailed design, Request for proposal of 70% investment value 6/2021 7-12/2010- 14 Bidding, construction, acceptance, hand over the site for 70% investment value 12/2025 (Source: PreFS, 1/2020) Phase 1: 2021-2022: disbursement of 30% WB loan. Phase2: 2023-2025: disbursement of remaining loan. The following table displays investment items in 02 phases of the subproject: Table 1.11 Investment items for components Phase 1 Phase 2 Reason for selection No. Components (2021-2022) (2022-2025) of the works phase 1 - Executive building. - University of - The work selected - Multi-purpose sport Technology and in the phase I has complex. Education; normal characteristics ; the - Technical - University of Foreign contractor selection infrastructure in the Languages Studies; is simple and 1 Component 1,2 area of 40ha. - International should be soon University; implemented - Technopole center (in the research, development and incubation area . - Reform of training program and method - Reform of training (phasse-2). program and method - Upgrade of (phase-1) technology and - Comply with and research capacity associate with 2 Component 3 building (phase-2). - Upgrade of investments in the technology and - Construction of works research capacity advanced university building (phase-1) governance by application of information technology. (Source: PreFS, 1/2020)

Final Report 57 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

1.11. Project implementation arrangement

The Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) is the Line agency, responsible for its own respective sub-components (1.2, 2.2 and 3.2). MOET’s responsibilities include, inter alia: - Approve the project operational manual (POM); - Review and approve the project procurement, financial and implementation plans (to be updated annually) that are prepared by PMU; - Oversee the implementation of the PMU and provide support to address implementation bottlenecks based on quarterly and six monthly monitoring reports prepared by PMU; and - Report to other Government Agencies and the World Bank on the performance of project implementation by PMU. Subproject Owner: University of Da Nang (UD) UD will be assigned by the MOET to be the subproject Owner. UD to establish a PMU to implement respective components of the project on UD’s behalf, with clear TOR and adequate competent personnel and ensure smooth coordination between the PMU and the beneficiary member institutions; the PMU has the following responsibilities, among others: • Preparation of the overall work plan; annual work plan with activities, timeline, inputs required, and outputs expected; procurement plan; financial plan; and regular, progress, and thematic reports at request; • Implementation of activities including, but not limited to, financial management, procurement, safeguards, training, consulting services, goods and civil works; • Project M&E; • Coordination with concerned member universities (MUs) to ensure execution of project aligns with development of respective MUs; and • Report on project implementation progress and result monitoring to VNUHN, UD and VNUHCM respectively, the World Bank and other stakeholders. Representative of the Subproject Owner: Project Management Unit PMU Director: • Seconded from the university management board and have at least a standing of Deputy Director who works full time; or • Experienced WB Project Director supported by Vice Director(s), specialized in university development and/or campus/facilities development. Core service teams: • Financial Management and Accounting teams; • Procurement team; • M&E; • Safeguards; and • Administration/Communications. Technical teams will be required for each component, for example, quality assurance, pedagogical practices, education technology, research, governance/financial sustainability, construction/equipment and facility management, management information system etc.

Final Report 58 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Technical team comprise of part-time representatives of the MUs to ensure MUs’ needs are reflected in various contracts associated with the architecture, design, and construction of the campus/facilities and institutional capacity development. The PMU can hire consultants if the requisite skills are not available at the universities.

Figure 1.2: Diagram of subproject implementation arrangement

Final Report 59 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

CHAPTER 2. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS

2.1. Physical Conditions

2.1.1. Geographical Location, Topography and Meteorology Geographical Location

The University Village of Da Nang, including universities, research centers/institutes and experimental lab area will be located in an area of 300ha according to the Masterplan. In which 110ha is belong to Da Nang city and 190ha in Quang Nam province. Of 110ha in Da Nang, 40 ha was cleared for constructing the Viet-Han University of Information Technology and some functional buildings of UD. The remaining 70ha area needs to be cleared in which 40ha is required for the Bank financed project (here is called Da Nang (UD) subproject). UD subproject is located in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district, Da Nang city (the Southeast of Dang Nang city), bordering Dien Ban district of Quang Nam province. Its boundaries are: - The North: borders with Nam Ky Khoi Nghia street with length of about 1.5km toward the intersection of Tran Dai Nghia and Nam Ky Khoi Nghia street. - The East: borders with Korea – Vietnam Friendship Information Technology College (under the management of Ministry of Information and Communication) - The South: borders with the planned area of Da Nang University Village in Dien Ban district, Quang Nam province) - The West: borders with the planned area of Da Nang University Village (the planned area is the services and trading area wihin 110ha area in Da Nang city).

The subproject area

Figure 2.1: Location of UD subproject in UD village

Final Report 60 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

In conclusion, the subproject location is convenient for transport with high-quality roads linking the center of Da Nang cities and vicinities, including: Nam Ky Khoi Nghia, Tran Dai Nghia, Mai Dang Chon, etc. and consistent with the future development objectives of Ngu Hanh Son district in particular and Da Nang city in general. Topography The subproject area is situated in the Central Coastal Region which has a flat dry-sandy terrain under the coastal plain of Da Nang city, with an average elevation of +4.2m. It is favorable for site clearance, construction and operation of the subproject. Geology Da Nang city is situated in the edge of a Paleozoic fold belt (known as the Truong Son Orogenic Zone). The city’s geological structure includes 05 formations: A Vuong, Long Dai, Tan Lam, Ngu Hanh Son and Quaternary. Out of 5 formations, A Vuong, Long Dai, Tan Lam are structured of schist and sandstone. Ngu Hanh Son formation’s geology is characterized of grey- white limestone. The De Tu deposit includes formation of river, river-sea, see-marssh which was formed from early Pleistocen to late Holocen. Its composition mainly consists of sand, pebbles, gravel, mixed sand, clay loam, etc. According to the results of geological survey on construction works near the subproject area (Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology etc.). The project area has a stable soil foundation with good load strength (R0=1.5kg/cm2). At the depth from 6m- 12m, drilling activities should be carried out to avoid construction of works on the Caster cave. For the UD subproject, the geological survey results will be updated in the basic design and detailed design. 2.1.2. Climate, Meteorology The subproject area shares the common climate characteristics of Da Nang which has tropical moonsoon, high temperature and low temperature fluctuation. Da Nang’s climate is characterized by the mixture of the North’s and the South’s climate but the south’s climate prevails. There are 02 distinct seasons: rainy season lasting from August to December while the dry season starts from January and end in July. Sometimes, there are cold spells in winter but with low intensity and short period. Temperature: The average temperature of the year is 260C. Storms often hit the city in September and October annually; The difference between the lowest and highest temperature is about 8oC. August always has the highest temperature of the year with about 30.1oC while the lowest temperature is in February with around 21.50C. Air humidity: The annual average humidity ranges from 79.7% -81.8% that is almost unchangeable through seasons. Rain: The average annual rainfall is 2,539 mm; the highest precipitation is in October, November and December with about 253mm -1279mm; the lowest is in February, March and May, with 5mm to 30 mm/month on average. Wind: The East wind prevails in summer (April-September), wind speed is 3.3 m/s; 14 m/s; Meanwhile, the North and Northwest wind directions dominate in the Winter (October to following March), the strongest wind speed is about 20-25 m/s. In case of storms, the wind speed can reache 40 m/s. Natural Disasters: Da Nang City in general and the project area particularly will be affected by natural disasters in the Central Region such as flooding and storm. There are average 02 storms hit Da Nang per year, storms in Da Nang often appears in January, October, December; the storms are at level 9-10, accompanying heavy and long-lasting rain that poses the risks of flooding. According to the Report on Natural Disaster Prevention in Da Nang, in 2018 the

Final Report 61 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

flooding and heavy rains drown out 925 houses and damaged 31 ha of rice and 3,925 ha of crops. The loss was estimated at VND 11 billion. 2.1.3. Hydrology and Oceanology, water resources The subproject area is located in the area of 2km away from Co Co river toward the East and 2.km from Vinh Dien river (The section near the subproject area is Cai river) toward the West. There is no water body (pond, lake, river, stream) in the project area. Vinh Dien river: is a branch of Thu Bon river, starting at Cau Lau bridge, about 5km from the upstream. The river has a length of 23km, carries water of Thu Bon river (Quang Nam province) and receives the flow from La Tho and Qua Giang rivers before discharging into Han river (Da Nang). Vinh Dien river mainly serves for trading, irrigation and water supply for agriculture. Co Co river: Formerly, the river runs along Cai and Thu Bon river at Cua Dai estuary. At the present, the river is sedimented and become a dead-end river. The flow of the river in dry season in Da Nang city is mainly from Cai and Han rivers. Co Co river mainly plays a role as drainage canal in the area. Han river: is the last connecting point of Vinh Dien river, Cau Do river – Cam Le, discharge into Da Nang sea. Han river starts from the confluence of rivers in districts of Cam Le, Hai Chau, Ngu Hanh Son, then releases into Da Nang bay which is adjacent to Hai Chau and Son Tra districts. The river’s flow is from the South to the North. Its length is about 7.2km, width of 900-1,200m, depth at 4-5m. Its main function serves as the drainage canal and beautiful landscape – which is the tourism attraction of the city. The flow regime of Han river is strongly influenced by the tidal regime of Da Nang sea.

Final Report 62 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Han river Cai river

Co Co river

Project area

Vinh Dien river

Figure 2.2: River systems in Da Nang city and subproject area Tidal regime The tidal regime of the sea in Da Nang has irregular and semi-diurnal tide. Specially, within half of the day, there are both high tide and low tide but the tides are different between the magnitude and time. Within a month, there are 03 tidal days on average due to impacts from the sun, 8 days at most and 1 day at least. Due to the tides, the flowing regime in canals and drainage culverts is quite complicated. In the course of flooding, canals and drainage culverts receive both stormwater and wastewater from residential area. Moreover, the regime is affected by high tide. The flooding level of the average highest tide reaches 120 cm and the lowest is 80 cm. 2.1.4. Existing Environmental Quality In order to have quantitative assessment on the local baseline environmental parameters in the subproject area with an area of 40ha and some positions which are expected to affect by the subproject, a monitoring program on 18th Nov 2019 was provided by Thai Duong Environment Treatment and Monitoring Joint Stock Compainy who is fully eligible and qualified in

Final Report 63 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

environmental monitoring – have the certificate of Vimcerts 163 dated 29/8/2019 under the Decision No. 2206/QD-BTNMT. Some criteria on air quality (microclimate such as temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed), noise, vibration, water quality (pH, temperature, DO, TDS) will be measured at the site; the remaining criteria will be sampled and stored then analyzed in the lab. The monitoring parameters are shown in Table 2.1 below. Table 2.1. Quantity Samples and Monitoring Parameters No Sample No. of Parameters Standards sample 1 Air 8 13 parameters: Microclimate - QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: (temperature, humidity, National Technical pressure, wind speed, wind Regulation on Ambient Air direct), TSP, PM10 dust, CH4, Quality H2S, CO, NO2, SO2, O3. - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT– National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air - WB’s HSE guideline 2 Noise, vibration 8 Noise, vibration - QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Noise; - QCVN 27 :2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on Vibration - WB’s HSE guideline 3 Surface water 4 17 parameters: pH, - QCVN 08- temperature, TDS, TSS, DO, MT:2015/BTNMT: National + - COD, BOD5, NH4 , NO2 , NO3, Technical Regulation on 2- 3- Total N, Total P, SO4 , PO4 , Surface water quality. - Cl , Grease, Colifom. - WB’s HSE guideline 4 Groundwater 3 14 parameters: pH, - QCVN 09- temperature, hardness, DO, MT:2015/BTNMT: National + - - - TDS, NH4 , NO2 , Cl , CN , Technical Regulation on - 2- 3- NO3 , SO4 , PO4 , Coliform, ground water quality. E.Coli. - WB’s HSE guideline 5 Wastewater 3 17 parameters: pH, - QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: temperature, smell, COD, National Technical + - BOD5, TSS, NH4 , NO3 , Regulation on domestic 2 3- SO4 , PO4 , Fe, Mn, Cd, Cu, wastewater, Column B As, grease and oil, Coliform. - WB’s HSE guideline 6 Soil 5 8 parameters: Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, QCVN 03- Hg, As, salinity, pH MT:2015/BTNMT National Technical Regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils. - WB’s HSE guideline

Final Report 64 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Figure 2.3: Environmental quality sampling location

Final Report 65 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

2.1.4.1. Air quality, noise and vibration Air quality was monitored on 18th Nov 2019 in sunny weather, moderate wind, temperature 260C, humidity 65%. Sampling locations include: Sample Coordinate system 2000 Sampling Locations X Y K1 At intersection of Nam Ky Khoi Nghia and Tran Dai Nghia 1767277 553709 road K2 At Nam Ky Khoi Nghia, entrance road to Da Nang University 1767215 553352 Village (near the University of Da Nang - A3) K3 At the existing dormitory area (border University of 1766969 553323 Technology and Education - A1) K4 At the gate of Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy (near the 1766815 553115 University of Foreign Language Studies- A2) K5 At the entrance road to Technology Faculty (Near the Da Nang 1766324 553533 University Center - A5) K6 At residential area on Luu Quang Vu road (near Technopole 1766691 552699 area - B2) K7 At the intersection of Nam Ky Khoi Nghia and Mai Dang 1767088 551479 Chon roads (near the subproject’s resettlement area) K8 At residential area that borders the southern Multi-sport 1766230 552760 complex - A4 The results of sampling are listed in Table 2.2 below. Table 2.2. Air Quality, Noise and Vibration No Paramet Unit Results (an hour average valid) QCV WB ers N G 05:20 HSE 13/B guide TNM line T K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 K6 K7 K8 - 1 Temperat 0C 26.1 26.0 26.0 26.3 26.2 26.1 26.1 26.3 - - ure 2 Humidity % 65.2 65.0 65.1 65.3 65.7 65.2 65.8 65.6 - - 3 Pressure hPa 550 542 545 548 570 565 540 547 - - 4 Wind m/s 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.4 - - speed 5 Wind - South- South- South- South- South- South- South- South- - direction east east east east east east east east 6 Noise dBA 60 58 61 62 62 55 63 59 70(1) 70 7 Vibration dB 45 40 42 43 44 45 41 40 70(2) - 8 Suspende mg/m3 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.05 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.3 - d dust 9 Dust mg/m3 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.17 0.21 0.15 0.14 0.13 - - PM10 10 CO* mg/m3 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 <2.0 30 - 3 11 SO2 mg/m 0.05 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.04 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.35 0.2 3 12 NO2 mg/m 0.01 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 0.03 <0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.2 - 3 13 O3* mg/m <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.2 - 3 14 H2S mg/m <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 <0.08 - - 3 15 CH4* mg/m KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH KPH - Comments: The results of air, noise and vibration monitoring in the subproject area are lower than the allowable standards of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT and HSE Guildeline. This proves that the air, noise, vibration quality in the subproject areas is quite good and has no sign of pollution generated from construction, industrial, services activities, etc in the area.

Final Report 66 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

2.1.4.2. Surface Water Quality Surface water quality was monitored on 18 Nov 2019, sampling locations include: Vietnam Coordinate Sampling locations Sample system 2000 X Y Surface water in Co Co river at the bridge across the Nam M1 1767312 555285 Ky Khoi Nghia road (low tide) Surface water in Co Co river at the bridge across the Nam M2 1767158 555285 Ky Khoi Nghia road (high tide) M3 1766192 549876 Surface water of Cai river at Hoa Phuoc bridge (high tide) M4 1766285 549876 Surface water of Cai river at Hoa Phuoc bridge (low tide) The results of surface water quality analysis are shown in Table 2.3 below. Table 2.3. Surface Water Quality No Parameter Unit Test methods Results QCVN NM1 NM2 NM3 NM4 08- MT:2015/ BTNMT Column B1 1 pH - TCVN 6492:2011 7.2 7.3 7.0 7.0 5.5-9 2 Temporary °C SMEWW 2550.B:2012 25.5 25.7 26.0 25.8 - 3 DO mg/L TCVN 7325:2004 5.1 4.9 5.2 5.0 ≥4 4 TDS SMEWW 2540C:2012 150 155 145 140 - 5 TSS mg/L TCVN 6625:2000 40.2 39.5 37.1 36.8 50 6 COD mg/L SMEWW 5220C:2012 25.1 25.5 23.7 23.5 30 7 BOD5 mg/L SMEWW 5210B:2012 13.0 13.2 10.7 10.5 15 + 8 NH4 mg/L EPA Method 350.2 0.55 0.60 0.48 0.45 0.9 - 9 NO2 mg/L TCVN 6178:1996 0.011 0.010 0.012 0.012 0.05 - 10 NO3 mg/L SMEWW 4500- 1.15 1.12 0.85 0.83 10 NO3.E:2012 11 Total N mg/L TCVN 6638:2000 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 <3.0 - 12 Total P mg/L TCVN6202:2008 0.020 0.020 0.022 0.023 - 2- 2- 13 SO4 mg/L SMEWW 4500SO4 <1.7 <1.7 <1.7 <1.7 - .E:2012 3- 14 PO4 mg/L TCVN 6202:2008 0.019 0.020 0.015 0.015 0.3 15 Chloride mg/L TCVN 6194:1996 110 115 125 121 350 16 Total oil mg/L SMEWW 5520B:2012 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 <0.3 1 and grease 17 Coliform MPN/ TCVN 6187-2:1996 4,300 4,300 4,700 4,700 7,500 100ml Comment: According to the monitoring results, the monitored water parameters in Co Co river (at the bridge across the river on Nam Ky Khoi Nghi road, about 2km from the project area to the East) and Cai river (Vinh Dien river at Hoa Phuoc bridge, about 2.5km from the project area to the West) are within the permissible level of QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on surface water, Column B1 (surface water source for irrigation or for other using purposes that require the equivalent water quality or other purposes as same as B2) 2.1.4.3. Groundwater Quality Underground water was monitored on 18 November 2019 in some households using water in drilling wells which have depth from 30m-40m. Sampling locations include: Sample Coordinate system 2000 Sampling locations X Y

Final Report 67 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Water in drilling well of Mrs.Le Thi Hai household, near Luu NN1 1766508 553265 Quang Vu road, Quy Hoa ward Water in drilling well in Mr.Pham Ngoc Vinh household, near NN2 1766629 552462 Luu Quang Vu road, Hoa Quy ward Water in drilling well in Mrs.Pham Thi Hien household, Quy NN3 1767030 553234 Hoa ward Analyzing results on groundwater quality in following table 2.4. Table 2.4. Groundwater Quality Unit Test methods Result QCVN 09- Paramet No MT: er NN1 NN2 NN3 2015/BTNMT 1 pH - TCVN 6492:2011 7.0 6.9 7.0 5.5-8.5 Temperat °C 2 SMEWW 2550.B:2012 24.5 25.1 24.7 - ure 3 DO mg/L TCVN 7325:2004 4.1 4.1 4.0 - 4 TSS mg/L TCVN 6625:2000 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 - 5 Hardness mg/L TCVN 6224:1996 250 280 210 500 + 6 NH4 mg/L EPA Method 350.2 0.04 0.05 0.04 1 - 7 NO2 mg/L TCVN 6178:1996 <0.013 <0.013 <0.013 1 - 8 NO3 mg/L SMEWW 4500-NO3.E:2012 0.05 0.06 0.05 15 2- 2- 9 SO4 mg/L SMEWW 4500 SO4 .E:2012 2.0 1.85 1.90 400 3- 10 PO4 mg/L TCVN 6202:2008 <0.015 <0.015 <0.015 - 11 Chloride mg/L TCVN 6194:1996 98.7 1021 105 250 mg/L SMEWW 4500CN- 12 Cyanua <0.0025 <0.0025 <0.0025 0.01 .B&E:2012 MPN/ 13 Coliform TCVN 6187-2:2009 KPH KPH KPH 3 100ml MPN/ 14 E.Coli TCVN 6187-2:1996 KPH KPH KPH KPH 100ml Comment: The monitoring results of underground water show that the underground water parameters in the project area is lower than the permissible level as per QCVN 09- MT:2015/BTNMT – National technical standard on underground water quality 2.1.4.4. Wastewater Quality Wastewater quality was monitored on 18 Nov 2019. Sampling locations include: Sample Coordinate system 2000 Locations X Y NT1 Wastewater from common drainage culverts near the existing 1766908 553413 dormitory NT2 Wastewater from common drainage culverts near the Information 1766692 553294 Technology College NT3 Wastewater from common drainage culvert near Faculty of Medicine 1766753 553145 and Pharmacy Analyzing results of wastewater samples are presented in the following table 2.4. Table 2.5. Wastewater characteristics Unit Test methods Results QCVN 14:2008/ No Parameter NT1 NT2 NT3 BTNMT column B 1 pH - TCVN 6492:2011 7.2 6.8 7.4 5-9 2 Temperature °C SMEWW 2552.B:2012 27.1 27.5 26.5 -

Final Report 68 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- No No No 3 Odor Sensory - smell smell smell 4 TSS mg/L TCVN 6625:2000 75.1 65.8 78.2 100 5 COD mg/L SMEWW 5220C:2012 120 107 98.1 - 6 BOD5 mg/L SMEWW 5210B:2012 65.1 46.2 45 50 + 7 NH4 mg/L EPA Method 350.2 6.5 5.15 5.70 10 - 8 NO3 mg/L SMEWW 4500-NO3.E:2012 2.15 3.05 3.20 50 9 Fe mg/L TCVN 6177:1996 <0.012 <0.012 <0.012 - 10 Mn mg/L SMEWW 3500Mn.B:2012 <0.016 <0.016 <0.016 - 2- 2- 11 SO4 mg/L SMEWW 4500SO4 .E:2012 2.15 3.05 3.10 - 3- 12 PO4 mg/L TCVN 6202:2008 1.10 0.78 1.05 10 13 Cd* mg/L TCVN 6197:1996 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 - 14 Cu* mg/L TCVN 6193:1996 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - 15 As* mg/L TCVN 6626:2000 <0.0004 <0.0004 <0.0004 - Total grease mg/L 16 SMEWW 5520B:2012 2.5 1.75 3.2 - and oil MPN/ 17 Coliform TCVN 6187-2:1996 4,300 3,790 3,900 5,000 100ml Comments: The results of domestic wastewater monitoring in the dormitory, Medicine and Pharmacy Faculty, Information Technology College showed that almost all wastewater parameters in the common drainage culverts are within allowable limit, excepting for BOD5 of the NT1 sample taken from the common culvert in the dormitory exceeds as 1.3 times as allowable level of QCVN 14:2008/ BTNMT, Column B. 2.1.4.5. Soil Quality Soil quality was monitored on 18 Nov 2019. Sampling locations include: Coordinate system Sample 2000 Sampling locations X Y D1 1766568 552670 Soil in the construction area of Technopole building D2 1766568 552938 Soil in the construction area of lecture hall D3 1767000 553412 Soil in the construction area of dormitory D4 1766998 552788 Soil in the construction area of smart house D5 1766998 552550 Soil in the construction area of wastewater treatment station Analysing results on soil quality in the project area show in Table 2.6. Table 2.6. Soil Quality No Parameter Unit Results QCVN 03- MT:2015/BT Đ1 Đ2 Đ3 Đ4 Đ5 NMT 1 pH - 7.1 6.8 7.5 7.4 6.7 - 2 Salinity ‰ 0.45 0.50 0.61 0.65 0.70 - 3 Hg* mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 - 4 As* mg/kg 0.15 0.20 0.17 0.18 0.20 15 5 Pb* mg/kg <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 <5.0 70 6 Cd* mg/kg <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 <0.25 2 7 Cu* mg/kg 2.15 2.10 2.20 2.52 2.45 100 8 Zn* mg/kg 1.62 1.67 1.65 1.65 1.60 200 Comment: The analysis results of heavy metals in the soil in the project area are much lower than allowable limit as per QCVN 03-MT:2015/BTNMT: National technical regulation on allowable limit of hevy metals in the soil. The salinity parameter is also as much lower as the permissible level (0.45-

Final Report 69 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

0.75). These findings prove that there is no heavy metal contamination in the construction area. The excavated organic soil can be used for on-spot leveling or planting green trees in the campus. In conclusion, 2.1.5. Biological resources in subproject area - Terrestrial animals: In the subproject area, there is no rare species listed in the red book. The area has a large number of amphibians, reptiles. There are no precious animals, but some species found as: Rodentia, Muscaroli, Rattus argentiventer, Carnivora, Suncus murinus, Chiroptera and birds. In addition, there are cattle (buffaloes, cows, pigs, goats, etc.), poultry (chickens, geese, ducks, and so on) raised by local households. - Terrestrial plants: there are no rare species listed in the red book. The area has a number of fruit trees (Coconut, jackfruit, orange, avocado, peach, coconut, dragon fruit, papaya, bananas, and so on) grown by local people living along Luu Quang Vu road. The rest are mainly shrubs, weeds, Ipomoea pes-caprae. In addition, there are fields of crops of local people. Summary of trees and plants in the project area is presented in the following table: No. Trees and plants Unit Quantity Fruit trees (Coconut, jackfruit, orange, tree 1 4,500 avocado, peach) Dragon, papaya, bananas (with fruit, tree 2 27,500 without fruits, seedlings) 3 Ornamental plants of all kinds tree 3,500 4 Specialized flowers (m2) m2 5,000 5 Small-size trees in household garden tree 15,000 6 Large-size trees in household garden tree 4,500 7 Vegetable of all kind (m2) m2 100,000 8 Rice (m2) m2 152,800 9 Others m2 - Some images about the vegetation cover in the subproject area:

Grass and shrubs Grass and shrubs

Final Report 70 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Casuarina, various plants in garden Ornamental plants of households

2.2. Socio-economic conditions

2.2.1. Land area, Land Use The area of 70ha that was not compensated and cleared mainly consists of urban residential area (residential area of group 58, 59, 60, 61), agricultural land, religious land, cemetery land, transport land, etc. Details are as follows:

No. Type of land Area (ha) Rate (%)

1 Urban residential area 26.9 38.4% 2 Perennial land 14.1 20.1% 3 Transport land 11.0 15.7% 4 Non-agricultural land 1.2 1.7% 5 Cemetery land 3.5 5.0% 6 Unused land 8.7 12.4% 7 Other annual crop lands 3.5 5.0% Others (religious, cultural 8 1.1 lands) 1.6% Total 70 100.0% 2.2.2. Administrative units and population Ngu Hanh Son District has 4 wards: My An, My Khe, Hoa Quy and Hoa Hai, with a natural area of 40.18 km2. As of 2018, the district’s population is 87,259 consisting of 43,330 male (accounting for 49.66%) and 43,929 female (accounting for 50.34%). The subproject is implemented within Hoa Quy ward. Quy Hoa ward has a quite large natural area in comparison to other wards of Ngu Hanh Son district, with 14,82km2, population of 16,868. However, the ward has the lowest population density with about 1137.78 people/km2.

Final Report 71 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 2.7. Area and population density of Ngu Hanh Son district in 2018 Population density Communes/wards Area (Km2) Population (people) (people/Km2) Ngu Hanh Son 40.18 87,259 2171.25 district My An 3.28 27,449 8360.95 My Khe 5.48 15,670 2860.43 Hoa Quy 14.82 16,868 1137.78 Hoa Hai 16.60 27,272 1642.71 (Source: Statistical year book of Ngu Hanh Son district in 2018) According to the results of the survey on compensation, resettlement of the UD subproject, there are 468 households, equivalent to 1354 people to be affected. Most of them live in and sparsely along Luu Quang Vu road sides. In addition, the subproject area has a large number of people (about 5000 students, officers, lecturers of the Universities and Colleges, of which there are 3000 people from Information Technology College, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy under the University of Da Nang and 2000 people from Korea – Vietnam Friendship Information Technology College under Ministry of Information and Communication. 2.2.3. Poverty Based on the national poverty standard 2016-2020, Ngu Hanh Son district has 722 poor households. Of which, the number of the poor households in Quy Hoa ward in 2018 was 335 households, making up 46% of the district. Table 2.8. Summary of number of poor households in Ngu Hanh Son through years Communes/wards Years (unit: household) 2015 2016 2017 2018 Ngu Hanh Son 595 2,313 1,256 722 district My An 66 312 171 78 My Khe 73 335 199 116 Hoa Quy 169 551 342 335 Hoa Hai 287 1,115 544 193 (Source: Statistical year book of Ngu Hanh Son district in 2018) 2.2.4. Economic characteristics Economic development in Ngu Hanh Son district The total production value of economic sectors in 2018 of Ngu Hanh Son district is VND 2,699 billion, reaching 106.5% of the plan. In which tourism - trade is determined as a key economic sector of the district, of which: - Tourism - Trade is estimated at VND 1,884 billion, reaching 103.97% of the plan. In 2018, Ngu Hanh Son relics and landscapes welcomed 1,946,494 visitors, revenue of 82.257 billions Dong, reaching 126% of the plan;

Final Report 72 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Retail sales of consumer goods and services are estimated at VND 5,094 billion, reaching 103.95% of the plan. - Industry - Handicraft - basic construction reaches VND 744.38 billion, reaching 110.7% of the plan. There are 657 industrial facilities in the district, attracting 3,243 workers. The main industrial products of Ngu Hanh Son district are steel, alloy; Prefabricated building components; Pure water; Shoes, clothes... Production value of industry – handicraft is estimated at 422.46 billion VND, reaching 105.09%; and production value of the basic construction industry is estimated at 321.92 billion VND, reaching 119.23%. - Agriculture - Fishery industry is estimated at 70.7% billion dong, gaining 141.4% of the plan, including - Cultivation: Cultivated area: 467.5 ha, of which 247 ha of rice, yield 63 quintals/ha, yield 1,546 tons; vegetables 96 ha, yield 95 quintals/ha, yield 912 tons - Breeding: Control of slaughtering, animal quarantine and vaccination for cattle and poultry are basically ensured. Avian influenza in 2018 across the district for 91 households with 7,923 poultry... - Aquaculture: Aquaculture area: there are 4 ha for freshwater fish farming, 11 ha for brackish water shrimp farming in Hoa Quy. The main stocking households are raising shrimp, snakehead fish and a few households raising tilapia tilapia, hybrid catfish, etc. The shrimp productivity is estimated at 6 tons/ha, cultured fish of all kinds reaches 1.5 tons/ha. The fishing output is estimated at 1,150 tons of aquatic products of all kinds. The district has 28 ships with a capacity of 10,966 CV (25 ships with a capacity of over 90cv). 2.2.5. Results of affted households survey in subproject area The Da Nang University Village project has been planned since 1997, but the project has not been implemented yet, lasting too long, greatly affecting the local socio-economic development. People in the project area are not allowed to build, expand their houses, nor grant construction permits. Therefore, the living conditions are limited, the houses are deteriorated, the electricity and water supply systems are damaged, children's schooling is difficult ... The socio-economic survey was conducted with 200 affected households. The benefits are made by the Counsel during the prison period in November 2019. Occupation of the employee: Results of the survey on the main occupation of the people, (the working age of people in the report is from 18 to 60 years old) show that there are four main groups of employments namely agriculture production (28.5%), Business/trade (27.4%) and public servants (27%) in addition to a number of 16.8% of other occupations (housewife, seaonsal waged job and retired person). Survey results on the main occupation of employees are shown in detail in the following chart:

Figure 2.4: Chart of occupation of the employees

Final Report 73 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Income: The average income of the AHs by the project is 5,083,673 VND/household/month. The highest income is VND 25 million/household/month and the lowest is VND 1 million/household/month. Average income of affected households is lower than the city’s income per capita (5,506,000 VND/HH/month). The income structure of households is detailed in the following table: Table 2.9. Income structure of AHs Number Income resource (Household) Percentage (%) Agriculture 36 18 Business 44 22 Waged worker 128 64 Handicraft 4 2 Savings deposit interest rates 0 0 Support for policy family 20 10 Other sources 4 2 (Source: Affted households survey, 11/2019) In terms of income sources, about 64% of households have income from wages, reflecting a fact that all households have members at working ages who are involved in labor market with monthly salary such as workers, waged labors, public officials. 22% of households have income from business; 18% of households have income from agricultural production. Though nearly 30% of surveyed households are farmers, only 18% said they have income from agricultural activities with very low amount (about VND 300,000 /month). The reason is that this area has been planned for the project, thus, people could not invest in large scale. Agricultural production here is only spontaneous serving people's daily consumption, not for commercial purposes. "In fact, cultivation can be even losses, with no income expectation." (Household said). In particularly, none of the surveyed households has savings at the bank. This partly reflects vulnerability of the affected community. This issue will be addressed again in analysis of household expenditure. Household expenditure: Surveyed households' average expenditure is about 5.7 million VND/month/HH; while the average income is 5,083,673VND. As a result, these households do not have savings and this reflects the vulnerability of the affected communities. Activities for livelihood restoration should be timely identified and updated to ensure that the lives of the affected people can soon be restored and developed. Thus, care should be taken when implementing the project so that negative impacts on people's daily life can be mitigated. The survey was conducted on 11 poor households (among 50 poor households under the project). Savings: According to the results of the current survey, the income of the project’s affected households is lower than their expenditure. Therefore, within the past years, these households made no savings. Debt: From surveyed result on affected households’ income and expenditure, most of the surveyed households said that in the past 2 months, they had income lower than their spending. As a result, 24 out of 200 surveyed households reported to be in debt of 12% of their income. The main source of household loans is from banks (20 households) and mass organizations (4 households). On average, the household’s banking loan is 12,400,000 VND and from

Final Report 74 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

organizations and unions (5,000,000 VND). The household’s loan is for expenditure (50%), business and other purposes account for 25%. Housing condition: Housing is one of the most important criteria for household living standards. However, the project area has been planned by the city for constructing the university of Da Nang, so households has not been allowed to expend or build new houses. Housing type of affected households is shown in detail in the following chart.

Bungalow with simple structure 2% Bungalow with 20% 34% brick wall

44% Bungalow with concrete framework Other type of house

Figure 2.5: Chart of housing type of affected households (Source: Affted households survey, 11/2019) Current living conditions of the affected households are very poor, the houses have been degraded, temporarily repaired and unsafe for living. In particular, in the rainy season, the drainage system is not good, causing local flooding and generation of mostquitoes and flies. The reason households did not repair their houses to ensure their safety and to have better living conditions is that their houses are located in the area which has been planned for project since 1977 so they are not licensed to build/repair houses. Clean water suply: Currently, the subproject area has been suppling with clean water by Ngu Hanh Son water supply plant. However, according to the assessment of households, the water supply source is not stable in terms of quality and quantity. Therefore, in addition to tap water as a main source (70%), households also use other water sources such as dug wells (10%) and drilled wells (20%). Sanitation: In the subproject area, 74% of households use hygienic toilets (with septic tank), 22% of households use two-compartment toilets. In addition, 4% of households use simple toilets (2% of households use one compartment toilet and 2% of households use rudimentary toilets -squat toilet). Energy: The source of energy that households are using for lighting is electricity from the national grid, 100% of households use this source of energy. The main sources of energy used for cooking are: Gas (78%); Kerosene (20%) and Electricity are (2%). Assessment of living standards: Number of poor HHs in sample are 11 (these ones of the subproject are 50). According to the survey results, people rated their living standard not very high, only 2% said that their family was well-off, 40% was average, 56% were at poverty level and 2% of households found no criteria. Living standard of the project affected people is much lower than average living standard of people in Hoa Quy ward. The ward’s total percentage of poor household is 11.68%, and near poor household is 1.59%. Diseases situation: About 58% (116/200 households) of the surveyed affected people said there were sick people in their family over the last 3 months. The diseases that households suffered are mainly common diseases such as: cold/fever (54%); Digestive is (32%); Dengue fever (54%); Respiratory (28%); Injury (56%) and other illnesses (12%). This is a fairly high and

Final Report 75 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

worrying indicator of the health of the people in the project area compared to the overall condition of health when the healthcare services are become better and better.

120 100 100

80 58 60

0 Having health insurance Having sick relatives

Figure 2.6: Chart of healthy condition of affected people (Source: Affected households survey, 11/2019) Causes affecting people's health: Based on the survey results, there are two main causes affecting people's health, namely unsafe food (51.1%) and water pollution (54.8%). It is observed that the living environment in the project area is really degraded due to the unsecured drainage system and the dense vegetation not being cleared. Access to healthcare services: in general people in the project area and the affected households in particular have quite convenient access to healthcare services. There is a rather complete hospital system from the medical station to the city general hospital in Da Nang city. In addition, there is a large network of hospitals, private clinics and pharmacies that also enhances health access for affected groups. The distance from the project area to the ward health station and pharmacy is from 2 to 5 km, while the distance to the city general hospital is over 5 km. Currently, in Hoa Quy ward, there is 1 health station with 7 patient beds and 1 doctor and 0 3 midwives, which has provided good initial services for medical examination and treatment. According to the survey on health insurance, 100% of children under 1 got vaccinated and 100% of the surveyed affected households have health insurance. Labor division of the survey households: Regarding the division of labor by gender in the affected households, there is not much difference between men and women. All activities involve both men and women. However, in some activities such as cooking, cleaning the house and taking care of children, women are often in charge. The division of labor in the project area does not differ from the current research and analysis on gender labor in Vietnam: Women are engaged in production, reproduction and child care activities while men are mainly engaged in production activities. Decision making on family issues: According to the survey results, for making decisions on family’s matters (buying assets for the family, borrowing money from banks, repairing houses) or making decisions about the education of children ...), there is a discussion of both husband and wife. Onwnership of household valuable assets: Most of the land plots have a land use right certificate but the name of owners on the certificates are not the actual affected households. This is due to the fact that, the land area has been planned since 1997 and all transactions of land were not allowed; however, the project implementation was delayed so long that some households still had private transactions of land when they had demand. These transactions were made by private writing commitments at people’s discretion. Information of land ownership on the document was therefore not taken into account when assessing the project’s gender issues. This

Final Report 76 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

characteristic also requires a careful and thorough implementation of compensation and site clearance to avoid any missing cases or wrong cases. Participate in community activities: Community activities such as attending meetings, sanitation of residential areas, and participating in ensuring security and order in the residential area, participation rate of both spouses Over 70%, the participation rate of both men and women in these activities is equal: (community meetings: men (12.0%), women (14.0%); sanitation activities are participation Both men and women are equal (10.2%) and the activities of protecting the neighborhood security order are male (12.2%) and women (10.2%). 2.2.6. Culture Ngu Hanh Son district Ngu Hanh Son (known as Non Nuoc) is located about 5km away from the city center toward the Southeast. It covers 6 mountains: Kim Son, Moc Son, Thuy Son, Duong Hoa Son, Am Hoa Son and Tho Son which are symbols of 05 elements of the universe (Five Elements). The mountain has beautiful caves which are the home of Salangane and ancient pagodas. Under the mountain is the famous Non Nuoc stone carving village. Next to the mountain is an unspoiled beautiful beach. The Avalokitesvara Festival is held every February 19 in the lunar calendar. This is the largest religious festival of the Buddhist community in Da Nang. The Avalokitesvara Festival is held in the foot of Ngu Hanh Son mountain, attracting thousands of Buddist and visitors all over the country. In general, these cultural and historical structures are quite far from the subproject area (5 km). Hoa Quy and the subproject area On Luu Quang Vu road, there are Hai An Pagoda, Cao Dai Khai Tay Sanctuary and Temple of the Le and Pham families, about 100-200m from the subproject area. Although all residential areas in the expected subproject site will be relocated, Hai An pagoda and Khai Tay Sanctuary will be remained to protect religious and belief culture of local people.

Final Report 77 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Resident area Hai An pagoda Luu Quang Vu road

Temple of Le families

Khai Tay Santurary Temple of Pham families

Figure 2.7: Location of sensitive receptors Sensitive receptors Picture Description - Distance from construction area (Center of UD - A5): 100 m. - This is a Buddhist pagoda where local people come to organize worshiping activities, particularly Hai An Pagoda on the first day and 15th day of every solar month. - The number of visitors on the st th peak days (the 1 and 15 day of the month): 50 - 70. - Distance from construction area (The Technopole - B2): 200 m. - This is a Caodaism pagoda where local people come to organize worshiping activities, particularly Khai Tay Santurary on the first day and 15th day of every solar month. - The number of visitors on the st th peak days (the 1 and 15 day of the month): 50 - 70.

Final Report 78 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Sensitive receptors Picture Description - The temple is located in the planning area of Da Nang University center. It is required to replace as site clearance. Temple of Le Trung - Provincial historical relic, for families worshiping family’s members. - Only crowded (30-50 people) on Tet holidays and the death anniversary day of the family.

- The temple is located in the planning area of Da Nang University center. It is required to replace as site clearance. - Provincial historical relic, for Temple of Pham families worshiping family’s members. - Only crowded (30-50 people) on Tet holidays and the death anniversary day of the family.

Besides, by implementation of Da Nang University Village Project, including the University of Da Nang Subproject – funded by WB, there are 1,500 graves to be displaced (these graves are scattered in some areas with a total area of nearly 70 ha to be cleared). All graves will be relocated to Hoa Ninh cemetery – Hoa Vang district, about 20km from the project area toward the Northwest. 2.2.7. Medical and Healthcare Da Nang city has 19 general and special hospitals, 11 district level hospitals and medical centers, 47 medical service units at communal/ward level and more than 1000 private clinics. With the appearance of the University of Da Nang of Medical Technology and Pharmacy in the city, Da Nang is becoming a large medical center of the Central-High Land Region and of the nation. There are 7 healthcare facilities in Ngu Hanh Son district including 2 hospitals and 4 ward medical stations with 1,448 beds and 145 medical staffs (36 doctors, 32 physicians, 47 nurses, 11 midwives, 19 technicians). In general, medical and healthcare services for local people in the project area are good and quite convenient. In the project area, there are medical and health care units: Hoa Quy medical service unit on Mai Dang Chon road with a distance of nearly 0.8km; Ngu Hanh Son district Medical Service Unit with a distance of about 3km. It is worth noting that the project campus has Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy which is the medical and health care training and testing center. In general, the medical and health care services of local people in the project area are good and convenient. During the project’s construction phase, the local healthcare facilities can fully meet the needs of medical examination and treatment of migrant workers. 2.2.8. Education Universities Da Nang is among the largest educational and training centers of the Central – Highland area and the Country. At the present, there are 14 Universities, Academies; 18 colleges; 50

Final Report 79 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

professional vocational training centers and over 200 schools at levels from kindergarten to high school. The University of Da Nang consists of 08 Universities/colleges/Faculties. According the Da Nang University Development Scheme by 2035 approved by the Minister of Education and Training, there will be additional universities, research institutes established, including: International University, University of Information Technology and Communications, University of Medicine and Pharmacy (Upgraded from the current Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy), College of Medical Technology (Upgraded from the Central Medical Technology College II), University of Open, Institute for Postgraduate Training, etc. Member units of University of Da Nang will be invested with infrastructure and teaching aids as proposed in the UD subproject (WB fund). Details are as follows: (1) University of Technology and Education – The University of Da Nang - The University of Technology and Education is the State-funded university and is a member of Da Nang Unviersity. It was established in 2017 under the Decision No. 1749/QD- TTg of the Prime Minister dated 08/11/2017. The University is training center for technical and technology HR which provides personnel for the socio-economic development demand of the Central Region and High Land. - At the present, the University of Technology and Education is located at No. 48 Cao Thang, Hai Chau district, Da Nang city within the campus of 4,064ha. Total constructed area is 19.938 m2. - Currently, the University has 1,853 students and 209 lecturers and officers in total. - Its structure includes: Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Information; Faculty of Electrical – Electronic Engineering; Faculty of Civil Engineering; Faculty of Chemical Technology - Environment; Faculty of Industry and Education. - At the present, the facilities of the University have been degraded because it has been built for 20 years. Some works have existed more than 50 years. The system of rooms, halls, workshops, labs have been deteriorated, outdated and no longer met the requirements of a morden university. There are some training, researching programs and sectors are overlapped to those of the University of Science and Technology. Therefore, seeking out a typical way to maximize available advantages in order to match the model of the University of Da Nang is a essential. (2) University of Foreign Languages Studies - University of Foreign Languages Studies is the State-funded University and is a member of Da Nang University. It was established in 2002 under the Decision No. 709/QD- TTg of the Government dated 26/8/2002.

Final Report 80 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- This University is a center for training and improving knowledge about languages, cultures of countries to serve for the development of the country and the integration to the world. - Its address is at 41 Le Duan, Hai Chau district, Da Nang city, within the campus of University of Da Nang and at No. 131 Luong Nhu Hoc, Da Nang University. - At the present, the University has total 6,726 students and 294 lecturers and officers. - Its faculties and related units include: Faculty of International Studies; Faculty of English; Faculty of English for specific purpose; Faculty of Foreign Language Teacher Education; Faculty of Russia; Faculty of French ; Faculty of Chinese; Faculty of Japanese – Korean – Thai. - With a huge advantage of tourism, expansion of training in foreign languages is an important step to satisfy highly increasing demand of labors specialized in foregin language and tourism administration. The classrooms, halls and training equipment have been run-down and outdated. Therefore, it is important and necessary to construct the University of Da Nang. (3) International University (Now known as Vietnam-UK Research and Training Institute). + The International University is constructed based on the Vietnam UK Research and Training Institute. It was established in 2014. + According to the Decision of the Ministry of Education and Training, VNUK is eligible to organize trainings for undergraduate, masters, and doctoral programs as well as short-term training courses. The Institute has been cooperating with international partners to carry out research and training activities towards advanced and modern approaches of the region and the world. It is considered to be the first private international university in The Central of Vietnam. + Currently, VNUK has a total of 265 students and 36 lecturers and officers; + Its faculties and related units include: Foundation Study program; Computer Science and Engineering; Data Science (DS) (Specific); Biomedical Sciences; Governance and International Business; International Tourism and Hospitality Management. + With the demand on high qualified labor in the context of nationally economic development, establishment and construction of the International University is very important.

Final Report 81 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The University will provide an excellent teachning and learning environment that satisfies the national standard on training a high qualified teachining cohorts and meets the requirements on national industrilizations and modernizations. (4) Center of Danang University The University of Da Nang is located at 41 Le Duan. It was constructed from 1991-2000 with 3- 6 floors and 7,157m2 of floor area. There are about 223 officers under organizations: Board of Directors, Functional Departments, etc. When member universities are invested in construction, it is necessary to build UD's executive building. Ensuring administrative management, administration, effective management of all activities of UD in general and member universities in particular. Thus, when UD sub-project is implemented, besides 2 existing universities / faculties, UD will have more member universities / faculties with the scale of the number of students, lecturers / officers as statistics. in the following table: Table 2.10. Number of students/lecturers in 2019 and forecast until 2035 Name of Status (2019-2020) Forecasts to 2035 No. member Students Lectures Total Students Lectures Total universities (people) people) (people) (people) (people) (people) Existing I 2,177 298 2,475 8,500 475 8,975 universities College of 1 Information 1,188 230 1,418 5,500 300 5,800 Technology Faculty of 2 Medicine and 989 68 1,057 3,000 175 3,175 Pharmacy Universities under UD II 8,844 762 9,606 15,500 1,200 16,700 subproject funded by WB University of 1 Technology and 1,853 209 2,062 6,000 450 6,450 Education University of Foreign 2 6,726 294 7,020 7,000 350 7,350 Languages Studies International 3 265 36 301 2,500 150 2,650 University Center of Da 4 Nang - 223 223 - 250 250 University Total (I+II) 11,021 1,060 12,081 24,000 1,675 25,675 (Source: Da Nang University, Dec 2019)

Final Report 82 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Schools: - The educational system of the project area is quite complete from kindergarten to high school. In addition to the system of public schools in the project area, there are also private schools. There is no discrimination on gender and household economic situation, all children of school age can go to school - Boys are more likely to drop out of school than girls, mainly because of their poor ability to study or they prefer playing to learning. - With not very high educational level of the heads and members of the affected households in the project area, this can cause a great impact on the development of the livelihood restoration program for the severely affected households - especially vocational training and career transition programs for working age members of the subproject. The proposed plan is to focus on basic majors with short-term training such as: garment, cooking, veterinary…

2.3. Infrastructure and related services

2.3.1. Elevation of the subproject area Elevation of the subproject area is as follows: - The area which was leveled: some structures in the area were built with an elevation from 5.85m-6.30m, in which the elevation of the dormintory ranges from 5.85m-6.00m; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy is 6.20m-5.95m and College of Informtation Technology is 6.30m-6.05m; - The area of 70ha to be compensated and cleared: (i) Residential area (residential land in urban area) on Luu Quang Vu road has a ground elevation from 5.5m to 6.0m; (ii) the Agricultural land, crop land, cementery land and other lands has quite low ground elevation which ranges from 5m to 5.5m. In general, because the terrain of the project area is relatively flat, the un-leveled area is only as from 0.6 m to 0.8 m that is lower than leveled and constructed area. 2.3.2. Traffic At the present, the subproject area only has road transport system, namely: ❖ Outbound roads: NH 1A: NH1A running through Da Nang city has been upgraded with the cross section expanded to 33m (the section in Truong Chinh road where the rail way runs parallelly with the cross section of 28m). The road was asphalted. NH 14B: This road connects Da Nang city to Highland and links Da Nang with the Asian Highway to Cambodia, Thailand, etc. It now was completed with an average cross section in the segment Tien Sa – Hoa Cam from 33 to 48m, and the segment Hoa Cam - Hoa Khuong of 15m. Provincial Road 607 (Tran Dai Nghia Road): with total length of 15 km, it was upgraded to 34m, has a separate strip; each side has 02 lanes. The road was concreted and has high quality. Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road: with total length of 10 km, the section running the project area is 2km long, 34m wide with a separate strip and 02 lanes on each side. The road was concreted and has high quality. Mai Dang Chon road: with total length of 15 km. It has been upgraded and expanded to 34m wide with a separate strip and 02 lanes on each side. The road was concreted and has high quality

Final Report 83 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Intersection between Nam Ky Khoi Nghia Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road to Da Nang University Village

Tran Dai Nghia road Mai Dang Chon road

❖ Transport system in the subproject area For the area that was cleared: route 1 (from the College of Information Technology to Nam Ky Khoi Nghia) and route 2 and 7 and part of the route 2 and 6. These routes are structured of asphalt concrete and arranged with good drainage and illuminating system on both sides.

Final Report 84 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The area of 70ha to be compensated and cleared: includes Luu Quang Vu road has a width of 6-8m, structure of asphalt concrete. It has common drainage culvert and lighting system on road sides however the quality of road is not good. The road will be removed to build infrastructure in the Da Nang University Campus in accordance with the approved plan. The remaining area, including agricultural, agricultural land, cemetery land, other non-agricultural land, has no transport infrastructure, lighting, water supply and drainage system. 2.3.3. Power supply, water supply ❖ Power supply At present, Ngu Hanh Son district is using electricity from national power grid with stable quality which can completely meet electricity demands for production and daily lives of local people as well as for other ongoing projects in the city. Currently, the project area has a 22kV on-ground wire grid connected from the branch of the route 471E13 to serve for 3 transformer stations of the dormitory of Pedagogical University (180kVA-TBA), Pedagogical University T1 (320kVA) - Pedagogical University T3 (320kVA). Low-voltage grid of 0.4kV is underground arranged along the sidewalk in the existing areas. The lighting net using on-ground cable is supplied with power from the electric cabinets located at 3 substations in order for lighting the roads in the area. ❖ Water supply Subdivision of water supply area in the project area - Ngu Hanh Son district The main pipeline with dimension of D600 ÷ D300 is arranged along Ngu Hanh Son road, dimension of D400 ÷ D300 is placed along Le Van Hien road. Water sources of Cau Do water treatment plant is provided through pipeline of dimension D500 and 4 D300 crossing Tuyen Son bridge, and D300; D200 across Nguyen Van Troi bridge. The percentage of clean water used in Ngu Hanh Son district is quite high (80.57%) For Da Nang University Village By now, the subproject is using water provided by the Ngu Hanh Son water supply branch through the pipeline D110-D32. Besides, the project uses water from small-diameter drilled wells for watering trees and washing roads. In order to meet the development demand, a suitable water supply network should be arranged to ensure safe and timely water supply. 2.3.4. Drainage, wastewater collection and treatment Stormwater drainage Drainage system of Ngu Hanh Son district The East of Ngu Hanh Son – Le Van Hien – Tran Dai Nghia road: Stormwater drains towards the East Sea; Drainage system: Wastewater is mainly drained by box culverts installed in the coastal road of Son Tra Dien Ngoc. From the drainage axis, there are horizontal culverts with aperture B = 3-5m.

Final Report 85 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The West of Ngu Hanh Son -Le Van Hien – Tran Dai Nghia road: the drainage direction is towards Han river and Co Co river; water is drained through pipe culvert D1500 on Le Van Hien – Tran Dai Nghia roads, from the drainage axis, there are horizontal box culverts to Co Co river. The area of Ba Tung, Man Quang residential areas and the North of Southern ring road, petroleum urban area: The main drainage direction is towards Cai and Co Co rivers; The drainage system mainly uses box culverts with dimension of 1.8x1.4m;2.2x1.6m;2.5x1.5m;4x2.8x.2.5m, pipe culverts d=1500;1600, open ditches Bm=10- 24m. Current drainage system in the area of Da Nang University Village On the internal roads in the Campus of Da Nang University Village, stormwater is drained through longitudinal ditches and horizontal culverts with dimension of 500x800, 600x1000, 800x1000, 1200x1200. Stormwater is self-flown along culverts towards the north to the drainage system on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road. Wastewater treatment Concentrated wastewater collection and treatment system of Da Nang city and Ngu Hanh Son district: Currently, Da Nang City mainly use common drainage system. Only a very small number of planned areas have a separate wastewater collection system. Most of local households have septic tanks. The percentage of collecting effluent from local households to the common treatment system is very low, presenting only 15%. The interceptor system for wastewater drainage consists of: 15.7km of self-flowing pipe, 19.4 km of pressure pipe from pumping stations and 18 pumping stations. Wastewater separating wells have elevation of + 0.6m above sea level. However, in some area where the high tide raises, the sea/river water flows back the system: Currently, there are some concentrated drainage systems in the city: (i) Hoa Cuong WWTP: 4.5 ha; Capacity of 40,000 m3/day; (ii) Phu Loc WWTP: 4.5 ha; Capacity of 40,000 m3/day; (iii) Son Tra WWTP: Area of 2 ha; Capacity of 10,000 m3/day; (iv) Ngu Hanh Son WWTP: 1.6 ha; Capacity of 10,000 m3/day and (v) Hoa Xuan WWTP with capacity of 60,000 m3/day. The connection of internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang to drainage system of Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road (Ring road in the South of the city) with a dimension BxH=1200x1200 to the upstream of the drainage culvert B52 of the prioritized infrastructure project (lead to Hoa Xuan WWTP with capacity of 60,000 m3/day). The culvert, under the planning, was calculated for the basin of UD subproject (see Annex 3).

Final Report 86 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Figure 2.8: Concentrated wastewater treatment plants in Da Nang city

Because of a large number of hotels and resorts of Da Nang city, five-star hotels and resorts along the East Coast have a wastewater treatment in the campus. It is worth noting that high- end resorts in the future will be planned to build a separate wastewater treatment plant. Current status of effluent drainage in the area of Da Nang University Village The project area has no separate wastewater drainage system. The drainage status of each area is as follows: - For the area that was cleared: Domestic wastewater of the area is treated by 3-compartment septic tanks, then it will be drained to ditches in the area and led to the common stormwater drainage system of the area. As for the block of universities/colleges/faculties under the existing Da Nang University, domestic wastewater is collected and treated as following: + College of Information Technology: Domestic wastewater is treated by 3-compartment septic tanks, then will be drained to ditches of the College and led to the common drainage system of the area (connected to Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road) + Dormitory (2 Buildings): Domestic wastewater is treated by 3-compartment septic tanks, then will be drained to ditches of the Buildings and led to the common drainage system of the area (connected to Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road) + Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy: (i) Domestic wastewater is treated by 3 compartment septic tanks; (ii) wastewater from the testing area is separately collected and treated in the Faclcuty’s campus; the treatment quality completely fufills the Category B of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT. After treatment, treated effluents will be led to internal ditches and then drained to commom culverts of the area (connected to Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road). Details about size, capacity and technological chains of the treatment system are described in the Appendix. - The area of 70ha to be compensated and cleared: at the residential areas along Luu Quang Vu road, the existing domestic wastewater from local households is treated by septic tank, then the treated wastewater will be led to common drainage system of the area or self-absorbed in the households in households’ garden. 2.3.5. Solid Waste Management At the present, solid wastes in Da Nang city are collected, transported and treated by Da Nang Urban Environmental One Member Limited Company. The waste is collected by 03 main methods: (i) Wastes collected by tricycles; (ii) Wastes collected by fixed trash bins on roads; (iii) Wastes collected by trash bins in a certain period of time.

Final Report 87 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The average volume of solid waste collected is 252,500 tons/year; the percentage of waste reaches 92% of total in the city. In Da Nang, there is Khanh Son solid waste treatment area in Lien Chieu district. Khanh Son is the hygienic disposal site which is 8km away from Da Nang city towards the West and has operated from 2008. The site has an area of 48.3 ha and treatment capacity of 650 ton/day. The Da Nang city has 01 hazardous waste incinerator located at Khanh Son landfill with a capacity of 200kg/hour serving hazardous waste treatment, especially clinical hazardous waste. Depending on the characteristics of each type of hazardous waste, the operation unit shall directly collect, classify and treat such forms as solidification or landfill, etc., according to current regulations.

The hazardous waste incinerator located at Khanh Son solid waste treatment complex Khanh Son landfill In short, during the construction process, the "Vietnam National Universities Development project – University of Danang Subproject" will have to mobilize a large number of workers to the site during 18 to 36 months depending on the size and nature of the work items. Concentration of a large number of workers will increase the pressure and competitiveness on public service providers, specifically: The presence of construction workers and service providers (maybe even their family members in some cases) may create additional needs for the provision of public services such as: electricity, water, health services, transportation, education and social services; as well as potential risks of social evils and environmental pollution. Therefore, Da Nang City, the Subproject Owner and the PMU should have effective responding plan. 2.4. Characteristics and existing status of the constructed buildings The construction area of Da Nang University Village is located in Hoa Quy ward, Ngu Hanh Son district - Da Nang city, under the planning of Da Nang University Village (adjacent to Quang Nam province). It has an area of about 90 hectares, of which more than 19 hectares of land area are available (compensation, site clearance completed) under the planning for the subdivision of area of Da Nang University Village. Besides, an area of more than 70 hectares has not been cleared yet. In the city, there are several existing Universities/Colleges. Specifically:

Final Report 88 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The existing dormitory

Korea – Vietnam Friendship Faculty of Medicine and College of Information Information Technology Pharmacy Technology College

Figure 2.9: Locations of Faculties/Colleges within and beyond the subproject area Information about Faculties/Universities/Colleges within and beyond the project area: Sensitive receptors Picture Description - The nearest distance to the works in the Center of the UD subproject: 200m. - Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy is located in the campus of the Da Nang University Village Faculty of Medicine and in Hoa Quy ward. Pharmacy - Area of the existing building is 28,000 m2; 1 building with 4 stories and auxiliary works for study and teaching activities. - Number of students, lectures and officers: about 1,000 people. - The college is located near the area of building International University, the nearest distance of Korea – Vietnam Friendship 100m by a fence of 2.5m and a Information Technology green tree row. College - The College borders Tran Dai Nghia and Nam Ky Khoi Nghia, near the existing dormitory;

Final Report 89 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Sensitive receptors Picture Description - It has an area of 13.55ha; has a campus, fence wall of 2.5m high and a green tree row. Besides, it has a completed and modern infrastructure system. The entrance road from Tran Dai Nghia road is completely separated from the UD subproject. - Number of students, lectures and officers: about 3,000 people. - The nearest distance to the works in the University of Technology and Education of the UD subproject: 100m. - The College is located in the campus of the Da Nang University College of Information Village in Hoa Quy ward. Technology - It has an area of 42,000 m2; there are 3 building of 5 stories and auxiliary works for study and teaching activities. - Number of students, lectures and officers: about 1,500 people. - The nearest distance to the University of Technological Education and International University under the UD Subproject: 100m. - The dormitory is located in the campus of Da Nang University Village in Hoa Quy ward, bordering Korea – Vietnam The existing dormitory Friendship Information Technology College. - The existing area is 30,000 m2 with 02 buildings of 05 stories and completed infrastructure. - The number of students ranges from 1,500 to 2,000 students. They are students of Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Information and Technology In addition, to the Northwest of the project area, there are residential areas with about 468 households living along Luu Quang Vu road (residential quarters 58, 59, 60, 61 in Quy Hoa ward, Ngu Hanh Son district). The residential areas mainly have semi-permanent houses, small businesses, households providing catering services and canteens for students and local people. These areas will be compensated under the approved planning on subdivision of Da Nang University Village. Whole area will be completely cleared (relocation to resettlement site) to build Da Nang University Village under the approved plan.

Final Report 90 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

CHAPTER 3. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

In the process of implementation (preparation, construction and operation), the subproject will bring about both negative and positive impacts. Details are as following:

3.1. Positive impacts

Overall, the subproject would bring about significant positive socio-environmental impacts. Construction contracts would help to create casual short term job and additional incomes for local people during construction phase. The positive social impacts Once the subproject is completed and the listed facilities are put into operation, the subproject area would be benefited greatly. Besides, the subproject will be an important base for successful implementation of the Scheme on comprehensive implementation of Da Nang University toward 2025, on the vision to 2035. By this subproject, the University of Da Nang will be sustainably developed. Specifically: - The University of Da Nang will expand its services of providing high-quality training program, universalizing training curriculum to attract qualified students and increase the number of foreign students. Particularly, by increasing investment in equipment for training and researches, the University will create favorable conditions for further support disadvantaged students who mainly come from the Central Region – Highland, as well as encourage the participation of female students in technological sciences - The subproject will contribute to improvement of infrastructure for study and attraction of qualified officers, scientists, experts within and beyond the country to teach and study in the University so as to expand the training scale and quality, especially postgraduate training; strengthening international cooperation in study and capacity building for implementing scientific and technological assignments of the State, Businesses and other organizations. - Besides, it will improve the relationship with organizations, businesses though coordination of training, research and technological development, commercialization and goods promotion; then not only is the training and researching capacity of the University enhanced, but also the subproject brings an income source for reinvestment. The positive environmental impacts Apart from social positive impacts, once the UD subproject comes into operation, it will bring about positive impacts on environment: (i) form a university urban geology area with green space and creative area, etc. creating positive academic climate for students and lecturers of the University; (ii) Increase the coverage of green trees within the University campus; (iii) invest high-end infrastructure with water, wastewater, solid waste collection system in accordance with the standards; (iv) have environmental friendly structures with the purpose of using green energy and energy saving. Direct beneficiaries by 2035: There will be 15,000 students and 1,200 officers, lecturers of members: University of Technology and Education, University of Foreign Languages Studies, International University, Executive building of Dang University that funded by WB.

3.2. Negative Impacts and Risks

There will be potentially negative socio-environmental impact and risks posed in the phase of Clearance, construction and operation of the subproject’s works.

Final Report 91 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Classification of negative impacts and risks There will be some potential negative environmental and social impacts and risks during the pre-construction, construction and operation phases of the facilities proposed under UD subproject. These potential negative impacts and risks are classified as below: Significant Impacts (S) - Impacts on large land areas, important areas, or changes in environmental conditions in a period of more than two years; - Impacts exceeding permitted standards and regulations. Long-term and large-scale impacts; - Changes in ecological systems, impacts on ecological systems of large areas, or medium impacts (lasting for more than two years) yet required recovery period of the affected ecological systems is ten years; - Impacts on health of people; - Economic losses and damages to the subproject nearby people and communities; - Potential significant social and environmental impacts which can only be controlled and mitigated if proper mitigation measures are implemented. Medium Impacts (M) - Impacts on large areas for a period from six months to two years; - Changes in ecological systems or ecological functions at the localities in a short time and recovery capacity is good. The impact levels are similar to current changes yet such impacts can have a cumulative effect; - Impacts might (or might not) affect people’s health, causing impacts on persons in the surrounding areas; - Impacts are medium, localized and temporary and mitigation measures should be carried out. Low Impacts (L) - Social and environmental impacts that cause significant changes in less than six months or medium changes for a period of less than two years; - Impacts are within permitted standards and regulations, causing minor changes at present. Impacts are fully controlled; - Impacts that might affect daily activities yet not cause any obstruction to communities; - Insignificant impacts on health and living standards of people; - Impacts are minor, localized, and can be neglected. No Impacts (N) - Impacts that are unrecognizable or cannot be identified yet such impacts can also be caused by daily activities; - No social and environmental impacts. Types and scope of negative potential environmental impacts and risks are classified in Table 3.1

Final Report 92 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 3.1. Level of Negative Impacts of UD Subproject Works Physical elements Biological elements Social elements Others Air, Soil Solid Forest, Fish, Nati Land Tangi Liveliho Traf Impact noise, , waste natura aqua ve acquisiti ble od, ic s from vibrat wat dredg l tic ethn on and cultur disturba safe outside ion er ed, ecosyst speci ic resettle al nce to ty subpro sludg em es gro ment resour resident ject e up ces ial area commu nity Work: (A1) University of Technology and Education: New construction of 01 office building with 05 storeys, floor area: 8,500 m2; 02 lecturer buildings with 05 storeys, floor area 30,000 m2; 01 practic building with 03 storeys, floor area: 6,642 m2; and auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) The expected number of students, officers and lecturers in the operation phase until 2035: 6000 students; 450 officers/lecturers Preparati N N M N N N M N M N L on Construc M M M N N N N N M M L tion Operatio L M M N N N N N L M L n Work: (A2) University of Foreign Languages Studies: New construction of 01 office building with 05 storeys, floor area: 10,500 m2; 01 lecturer building with 05 storeys, floor area 7,500 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) The expected number of students, officers and lecturers in the operation phase until 2035: 7.000 students, 350 officers/lecturers Preparati N N M N N N M N M N L on Construc M M M N N N N N M M L tion Operatio L M M N N N N N L M L n Work: (A3) International University: New construction of 01 office building with 05 storeys, floor area: 4,350 m2; 01 lecture building with 05 storeys, floor area 9,750 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) The expected number of students, officers and lecturers in the operation phase until 2035: 2.500 people and 150 officers/lecturers Preparati N N M N N N M N M N L on Construc M M M N N N N N M M L tion Operatio L M M N N N N N L M L n

Final Report 93 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Works Physical elements Biological elements Social elements Others Air, Soil Solid Forest, Fish, Nati Land Tangi Liveliho Traf Impact noise, , waste natura aqua ve acquisiti ble od, ic s from vibrat wat dredg l tic ethn on and cultur disturba safe outside ion er ed, ecosyst speci ic resettle al nce to ty subpro sludg em es gro ment resour resident ject e up ces ial area commu nity Work: (A4) Multi-purpose sport complex New construction of 03 dormitories with 05 storeys, floor area 11,340 m2; 01 lecture building with 05 storeys, floor area: 9,750 m2; 01 canteen with 1 story, the floor area 3,413 m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others) The expected number of students, officers and lecturers in the operation phase until 2035: 24,000 people Preparati N N M N N N M M M N L on Construc M M M N N N N M M M L tion Operatio L M M N N N N N L M L n Work: (A5) Center of the University of Da Nang - Construction of 01 executive building with 09 storeys, total area of 19,170m2; auxiliary works (yard, internal road, landscape, green trees, parking house, parking lot, substations and others). - Number of staffs/lectures in the operation phase by 2035: 250 people. Preparati N N M N N N M M M N L on Construc M M M N N N N M M M L tion Operatio L M M N N N N N L M L n Work: (B1) New construction of advanced technical infrastructure, including: internal road, power and power system, wastewater treatment system, green trees, Information technology infrastructure of the University of Da Nang on 40ha of the planned area in Da Nang city. Preparati N N M N N N M N M N L on Construc M M M N N N N N M M L tion Operatio L L L N N N N N L M L n Work: (B2) Technopole Center and Innovation Quarter - New construction of 01 office building with 05 storeys and an floor area of 8,500 m2; - New construction of 04 high-tech buildings with 03 storeys for 5 laboratories, floor area of 15,600 m2; The expected number of students, officers and lecturers in the operation phase until 2035: 24,000 people

Final Report 94 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

3.2.1. Potential negative impacts and risks during clearance Pre-construction impacts and risks during pre-construction phase include (i) Land acquisition; and (ii) Safety risks related to unexploded ordnances (UXO). Impacts from demolitions of house/structures and site clearance of the subproject will be assessed during the construction process. a. Land Acquisition Impacts of land acquisition will be assessed for the area of 70ha. The following impacts are identified through results of the inventory of loss. Details about the impacts will be identified and updated in RAP after the detailed design and DMS are approved. The project will acquire about 70ha of land of all kinds. Of the total of affected land, 26.9ha are urban residential land, 14.1ha are non-agricultural land, 1.2ha are land for perennial crops, and 11ha are annual crop land (including 6.9ha of rice land). The remaining area is transportation land, irrigation, cemetery land and other land. The land acquisition scope is indicated in the following table. Table 3.2. Scope of affected land by UD subproject No. Type of land Area (ha) 1 Urban residential land 26.9 2 Other non-agricultural land 14.1 3 Land for annual crops 11.0 4 Land for perenial crops 1.2 5 Land for transportation development 3.5 6 Land for cementary 8.7 7 Unused vacant land 3.5

Final Report 95 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

No. Type of land Area (ha) 8 Land of religious establishments 0.4 9 Land of folk belief 0.4 10 Land for aquacultural production 0.017 11 Other agricultural land 0.11 12 Water surface 0.003 13 Land of cultural establishments 0.17 Total 70.0 (Source: RP report, 1/2020) The subproject will affect a total of 468 households (AHs) of which 468 households will be relocated, 60 affected households are vulnerable group (50 poor HHs, the remainings are households with heads as single women and social policy househsolds), 468 households are severely affected by losing 20% of agricultural land, 84 affected households are businesses. No households of ethnic minorities live in the project area.. Summary of the number of AHs is presented in the following table. Table 3.3. Classification of affected households

No Type of HHs Number of HHs

1 Total affected HHs 468

2 Number of vulnerable HHs 60

3 Number of relocated HHs 468

4 Number of severely affected HHs 5 468

5 Number of business HHs 84 (Source: RP report, 1/2020) Land acquisition, relocation and resettlement have potential to impact the affected households physically and psychologically, these may result in social problems and even litigation. Relocating to a new place may cause disturbances and disruptions to the livelihood, business, income, accessibility to existing infrastructures and services of affected households. In general, land acquisition are unavoidable and the impacts on relocated households would be long term and significant. The subproject owner has prepared a Resettlement Action Plan to address the impacts related to land acquisition. Affected houses/structures There are 419 households losing their houses (in which 49 households have separated but are currently sharing the same shelter, raising total 468 relocated households). Total affected house area is 50,600 m2. The type of houses is mainly grade 3-4 houses because after the announcement of the master plan in 1997, the whole situation of the houses did not change

5 Severely affected households are those who lose more than 20% of agricultural land (10% for vulnerable households).

Final Report 96 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

much because they were not granted new construction permits. Details are summarized the Table 3.4: Table 3.4. Affected houses/structures

Number of Type of houses Area (m2) HHs

House grade 3- 4 419 50,600

Other type 0 0

Total 419 50,600 (Source: RP report, 1/2020) In addition, other anxiliary works and structures affected by land acquisition include:

No. Type of house Unit Area 1 Grade 3- 4 house m2 50,600 2 Auxiliary structures m2 23,495 3 Stores, workshop m2 1,460 4 Yard m2 20,650 5 Fence m2 35,821 6 Drilled well psc 424 7 Water/electric meter psc 449 8 Graves psc 1,500 (Source: RP report, 11/2019) Affected graves There are 1,500 graves to be displaced to acquire 70ha land for the UD subproject (the graves are scattered in many positions in the subproject area). According to Vietnamese culture, graves are belief and spiritual matter which should be respected carefully. Relocation of graves will affect household’s spiritual and psychological life. In addition, physical removal of the grave will require customary or religious worshiping procedure. All 1,500 graves are all belong to Buddhism people so they share the same spiritual procedures for relocation. The project will cause relocation of about 1,500 graves. The People's Committee of Da Nang City has prepared a plan to relocate all graves in the city, including 1,500 graves in the UD village project, to Hoa Ninh Cemetery Park which has been built and under operation, 20km from the city center. The affected households were consulted, and all agreed on relocation of these affected graves to the new cemetery of the city. Thus, impact is assessed at medium and mitigable. Affected public assets About 300m2 of hall of Hai An village will be relocated. In addition, 35,479 m2 of local roads will be affected.

Final Report 97 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Impacts on religious and belief works Within the project area, there are two works under management of religious and folk belief institutions namely Hai An Pagoda and temple of Caodaism Khai Tay 2. According to information obtained from consultation with City leaders and local religious community, Hai An Pagoda has planned to relocate and the pagoda and local community have accepted. For the temple of Caodaism Khai Tay 2, according to the existing plan, the temple will only be affected during construction of the project due to restriction in access especially on the full moon or the 1st day of the lunar month, during which the dust or behavior of workers can be a concern for local people. However, if there is any other possible alternative, consultation with local people will be re-conducted before commencement, then the RAP will be updated. Besides, Pham and Le ancestral houses will be relocated by UD subproject. This issue related to many members of the family so it required more time and more steps for consultations. Local authorities of all levels have cooperated with stakeholders to conduct the consultations to get people’s concensus. At first, meetings with representatives of families have been held to obtain people’s comments and wishes, then the families representatives would discuss with their families’s members. At present, the Le and Pham families have basically agreed with the project but they were not consent about locations for construction of their new ancestral houses. Therefore it is required to have additional consultations to clarify and get strong concensus on this issue. Impacts on trees and crops The subproject will affect 8 types of trees and crops. Loss of trees and crops is summarized in the following table. Table 3.5. Impact on trees and crops No. Types of land Unit Qnt Fruit trees (coconut, jack fruit, orange, Tree 1 4,500 avocado, peach) Dragon, papaya, bananas (with fruit, Tree/clump 2 27,500 without fruits, seedlings) 3 Ornamental plants of all kinds Tree 3,500 4 Specialized flowers m2 5,000 5 Small-size trees in household garden Tree 15,000 6 Large-size trees in household garden Tree 4,500 7 Vegetables of all types m2 100,000 8 Rice m2 152,800 (Source: RP report, 11/2019) Cutting down of fruit trees and vegetation will affect households economically, cause the loss of shadow and change greenery landscape. This impact during construction of these work items is unavoidable but can be minimized. b. Safety Risks due to Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) Before 1975, Vietnam underwent two wars and Da Nang city was also suffered from being bombed during the war. The subproject areashave been greatly disturbed by human activities including extensive cultivation and urban development, some UXOs may still be remained underground in the subproject area. As the subproject involves civil works with excavation, there are risks that UXOs may expose or even cause injuries, losses of human lives and assets in the subproject areas.

Final Report 98 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

For the subproject, the area that was completely compensated is conducted with UXO clearance, but the remaining 70ha to be cleared for construction of UD subproject was not. Therefore, UXO detection and clearance will carried out before commencement of any construction work with more details provided in the ESMP. 3.2.2. Potential adverse impacts during construction 3.2.2.1. Generic impacts Activities to be performed during the construction of work items under UD subproject include: - Leveling of the site and constructing worker camps and site office - Machinery’s operation and workers’ activities. - Transportation and temporary storage of materials and fuel - Excavating, backfilling, forming foundation for buildings, roads and drainage works, electric line… - Boring pile for foundation of buildings; - Backfilling and restoring the site; - Laying aggregate stone and asphalt for buildings, roads - Transporting waste material to disposal site. Sources and scale of impacts in the main affected area under construction activities are listed in following Table 3.6. Table 3.6. Sources and scale of impacts in the construction phase Impacts/ Impact No. Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level - People living around the construction areas - Dust from excavation, and material transport loading/ unloading and routes (Nam Ky Khoi transportation of Nghia, Mai Dang Chon construction materials. roads). - Gas emitted from exhausts - Workers on sites; Air Quality of cars, trucks, excavators, Reduction: cranes etc. - Existing students and increased lecturers at the - Noise from pile driving at Medium levels of University (Faculty of 1 building; sheet piles Medium to Long- dusts and Medicine and installation, operations of term exhaust Pharmacy, College of construction plants, gas, noises, Information unloading rocks, ... vibration. Technology, - Vibration due to pile Dormitory). driving during - Infrastructure and construction of buildings, landscape around the and road base compaction construction areas and on the new roads. material transport routes. Land and surface water - Stormwater runoff sources in the project through construction sites; Waste areas. Although the Medium - Domestic wastewater subproject construction 2 water Medium to Long- from workers’ camp generation area is more than 2 km term (about 1200 workers); away from - Construction Wastewater. rivers/canals (Co Co river, Do Toa river or

Final Report 99 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Impacts/ Impact No. Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level Cai river), wastewater will be drained to these two river basins through the common drainage system in the area, unless mitigation measures are well taken. - Wastes from demolition of The workers’ camps, the existing students and teachers in houses/structures; the existing - Excavated soil dredged universities/colleges materials from buildings (Faculty of Medicine Solid Medium - Domestic waste from and Pharmacy, College 3 wastes Medium to Long- workers’ accommodation; of Information generation term - Construction solid waste; Technology, - Hazardous materials and Dormitory) wastes such as wasted oil Soil environment, and materials terrestrial vegetation at contaminated with oil. the site. - Water bodies near construction sites and workers’ camps. Although the subproject construction - Storm water runoff from area is more than 2 km the construction sites; away from rivers/canals (Co Co - Domestic wastewater river, Do Toa river or from workers’ camps; Water Cai river), the water - Construction Wastewater 4 quality quality can be reduced Low Short reduction from construction sites. because wastewater can - Impact on groudwater by be drained to these two the deep excavations for river basins through the construction foundation of common drainage buildings. system in the area, unless mitigation measures are well taken. - Groudwater quality reduction. Trees, vegetation, Impacts on insects, some terrestrial 5 Biological - Site clearance Medium Short species at construction Resources sites - Existing students and Impacts on - Temporary loading of lecturers at the University (Faculty of 6 Urban construction materials and Medium Medium Medicine and landscape waste, debis. Pharmacy, College of Information

Final Report 100 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Impacts/ Impact No. Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level Technology, Dormitory). - Workers working in the sites Increased - Existing students and erosion - Landslide risks at deep lecturers at the University (Faculty of 7 and excavations for Low Short Medicine and landslide construction of buildings. risks Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, Dormitory). - Material and waste blocks the drainage, causing flooding for surrounding areas. Rain water run-off The existing at construction material universities/colleges yards may cause sediment (Faculty of Medicine Increased in the nearby drains. and Pharmacy, College local 8 - New roads built disrupt of Information Medium Short flooding, the existing drainage Technology, risks pattern Dormitory) around the - Wastewater from buildings; construction site contains mud and soil, depositing in the drainage sewer leading to localized inundation - Traffic means and drivers, pedestrians - Local residents at the intersections between the existing road with - The increase in traffic the construction site or Traffic vehicles (truck) for transportation routes Disturbanc transporting materials, such as: Nam Ky Khoi e and wastes, construction Nghia road, Mai Dang 9 Medium Short Increased machines, equipment can Chon road traffic obstruct, disturb or even - Existing students and safety risks interrupt the traffics in the lecturers at the area. University (Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, Dormitory). Damages - Power lines may be to existing affected by cranes, infrastruct - Interruption of related 10 bulldozers Low Short ure and or services such as power disruptions - Existing underground supply, clean water to related infrastructure may be supply, internet, etc

Final Report 101 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Impacts/ Impact No. Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level services affected by excavation will affect daily - Excavation to 2m - 4m deep activities and student may cause cracks to weak studying conditions in structures including the project area. existing buildings around the sites. - Construction activities may disturb or disrupt accessibility to roadside houses, offices that may lead to social conflicts. - Dust, noise, waste and wastewater may affect daily lives of HHs and business along both sides of the construction roads; - People living - Social conflicts may occur surrouding the Social as workers come from Medium construction sites; and 11 impacts other areas due to Medium to Long- near workers’ camps; and risks differences in customs, term habit, and income. - Workers - Local security would be affected if some workers involved in gambling or prostitutions. - Social risks and impacts and issues related to influx of workers. - Social risk related to the GBV. - There are about 1,500 graves to be displaced for site clearance of the subproject. - Pagodas/temples (Hai - Some pagodas/temple An pagoda, Khai Tay Impacts on (Hai An pagoda, Khai Tay 12 Sanctuary); Low Short PCRs Sanctuary) about 100m- - Visitors to the pagoda, 200m away from the sanctuary. construction site will be affected by dust, noise, traffic disturbance due to construction activities.

Final Report 102 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Impacts/ Impact No. Sources of Impact Main Receptors Duration Risks level - Traffic safety risks increases at construction - People living along areas and transportation the routes; around the routes. sites. - Disturbed ground, open - Existing students and channels, bulky dumps of lecturers at the materials may cause University (Faculty of Communit accidents; 13 y Safety Medicine and Medium Short and Health - The use of electricity, gas, Pharmacy, College of oil may cause safety risks Information to workers; Technology, - Dust and emissions, noise Dormitory). from construction sites and along the roads may

affect student, teacher and people’s health. All construction activities impose safety risks to the workers, particularly: Health and + falling into deep excavated 14 safety of holes The workers Medium Short workers + electrical shocks + falling from high buildings + Bitten by insects, ... Detailed assessment on the potential adverse impacts during construction of investments under UD subproject are described below. 1. Air Quality Reduction During construction phase, air quality would be affected by increased level of dusts and gas emission. Dust is generated from (i) demolition of existing structures for site clearance; (ii) from excavation, leveling; (iii) transportation and (iv) unloading of material, (v) operation of construction machinery and equipment.

Gas emissions including CO, SO2, NO2, hydrocarbonate… are generated from operation of construction machinery and equipment (bulldozer, excavator…), mainly from vehicles for transportation of material and wastes. Impact of dust and gas emssions are analyzed in details as follows: i. Dust Generated from The Demolition of Existing Houses and Structures Total volume of the waste generated from demolition of 419 houses and structures is estimated at 125,160 m3. These are mainly masonry and brick and steel. Demolition of these materials will generates dust. The volume of dust emitted from the demolition is calculated below: W = EQd [1] In which: W: The average dust emissions (kg); E: Particulate Emission factor (kg dust/ton); Q: Emission volume (m3); d: Specific weight of debris d = 1,8 ton/m3 (according to document No. 1784/BXD-VP of the Ministry of Construction publishing the norm of construction materials).

Final Report 103 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Dust emission coefficient is determined in accordance with the guidelines on Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (World Bank, 1991) and AP 42 for Stationary Point and Area Sources (US EPA, 1995) as follows: E = k x 0.0016 x (U/2.2)1.3 ÷ (M/2)1.4, kg/ton [2] In which: E - Emission coefficient (kg/ton); k - Particle structure with average value (k = 0.2 with particle size structure table (k) page 13.2.4-4 AP 42 (US EPA, 1995); U - average wind speed (m/s) (selected speed is 3 m/s); M - The average moisture content of debris (%) (Selected average moisture is 11% - Table 13.2.4-1 AP 42, US EPA, 1995). → Ed = 0.02742 kg/ton Based on pollution coefficient E and compliance with the subproject work progress, the loads of dust dispersed from demoliton is calculated and provided in Table 3.7. Table 3.7. Forecasts on Dust from Demolition Total dust Dust Dust QCVN Volume of Duration demolition emission loading concentration 05:2013 (month) (m3) (kg) (kg/day) (mg/m3) (mg/m3) 125,160 10,130 6 56.3 0.41 0.3 Remark: The following assumptions are made (i) a working day of 8 hours; (ii) Dispersion height h = 10 m and (iii) Dry season’s meteorological data are used. The amount of dust generated from demolition depends on many factors such as the material and the size of the works to be demonised, weather conditions (humidity and especially, dry or rainy). The results calculated above for dry season show that the amount of dust generated from demolition operations would exceeds the allowable limits set in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT from 1.37 times. Dust from demolition mainly caused by relative coarse particulate matters thus usually deposit quickly and exist in a relative short time. The demolition lasts in 2-4 weeks in each area so that the impacts of dusts caused by demolition activites are relative moderate to high level, short term, temporary and can be minimized. ii. Dust emission from excavation and filling activities The construction activities will use some machines, equipment: excavators, bulldozers, rollers, hoes, shovels, etc. that generate dust and emissions. Based on equation [2] the particle emission factor applied for the construction phase is E = 0.02742 kg/tons. Thus, dust emission at each work item is calculated and summarized in Table 3.8. Table 3.8. Estimation of dust emission from the excavation and filling Volume of Construction Dust Dust emission Dust load QCVN 05:2013 earthworks Duration concentration (kg) (kg/day) (mg/m3) (m3) (month) (mg/m3)

359.820 29,129 150 194.195 1.7 0.3 Remark: The following assumptions are made (i) a working day of 8 hours; (ii) Dispersion height h = 10 m and (iii) Dry season’s meteorological data are used. The results in Table 3.8 show that dust concentration generated from excavation and filling exceeds allowable limit set in QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT 5.6 times. In general, upon each work, the dust load will deposit quickly and exist in a short time. Dust generation duration will be within 2-4 at each construction position. So that, the impacts be at medium to high level and can be mitigated. iii. Dust from The Material Loading and Unloading

Final Report 104 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The unloading and loading materials are mainly steel, brick, gravel, sand and cement. The dust emission loads from the material unloading and loading activities can be calculated as below6 7 Table 3.9. Estimated dust load from material loading and unloading

Total dust Unloading Dust loading Total dust load Works loading (kg) period (day) (kg/day) (mg/m.s)

(1) University of Technology and 353.35 1080 0.33 11.46 Education (2) University of Foreign Languages 6013.85 720 8.35 289.93 Studies (3) International 2946.36 720 4.09 142.01 University (4) Executive building 1662.47 720 2.31 80.21 (5) Multi-purpose sport 1080 3.39 117.71 complex 3657.52

(6) Technopole center 3172.84 720 4.41 153.13 Table 3.10. Dust emission concentration due to loading and unloading QCVN Distance Dust concentration (mg/m3) Works 05:2013/BTNMT W (m) H=1,5 H=5 H=10 H=15 (mg/m3) (1) University of 10 0.235 0.215 0.192 0.185 Technology and 50 0.236 0.19 0.18 0.177 Education 120 0.174 0.171 0.171 0.17 (2) University of 10 1.958 1.307 0.738 0.549 Foreign Languages 50 1.832 0.669 0.419 0.336 Studies 120 0.267 0.199 0.184 0.18 10 2.026 0.727 0.448 0.356 (3) International 50 0.984 0.414 0.292 0.251 University 120 0.217 0.184 0.177 0.175 0.3 10 1.218 0.484 0.327 0.275 (4) Executive 50 0.63 0.308 0.239 0.216 building 120 0.197 0.178 0.174 0.173 10 1.708 0.631 0.401 0.324 (5) Multi-purpose 50 0.845 0.372 0.271 0.237 sport complex 120 0.209 0.182 0.176 0.174 10 1.171 0.770 0.470 0.370 (6) Technopole 50 0.395 0.237 0.204 0.192 center 120 0.183 0.174 0.172 0.171

6 Based on document AP 42, Fifth Edition Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Volume 1: Stationary Point and Area Sources, 7 Tran Ngoc Chan, 1999, Air pollutant and waste gas treatment (Volume 1), Ha Noi Science and Technology Publishing House

Final Report 105 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Remarks: These results included the base environmental quality condition According to the monitoring: the dust concentration parameters emitted from the material gathering, loading and unloading at the distance of 50m are mostly excessive allowable limit of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT with 1.1 times – 6.3 times, upon each subproject site; at the distance of more than 50m, dust concentration is within the allowable limit. Faculties/Universities and colleges (i) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) College of Information Technology; (iii) Dormitory has a distance of 100 - 200m from the subproject area. Therefore, the works will not be affected by dust from the material loading and uploading activities. Therefore, workers are the major sensitive receptors by dust from the material gathering activities Although the construction period of each work item is quite long (18 - 36 months), successive construction method is used so the impacts caused by dust generated from the handling of construction materials is medium level and can be minimized. iv. Dust and emission generated from the transportation The materials to be transported: (1) wastes/debris from demolition of existing structures; (2) excavated and backfilled soil; (3) construction machine, equipment and wastes. According to the standards established by the World Health Organization (WHO)8, 15-ton diesel vehicles will generate loads of dust and exhausted CO, SO2, NO2, and HC as follows: dust: at 1.6 g/km/vehicle; CO gas: 3.7 g/km/vehicle; SO2: 7.43S g/km/vehicle; NOx: 24.1 g/km/vehicle and HC: 3 g/km/vehicle (diesel of 0.05% S). The subproject will use 15-ton trucks for transporting. The average transport distance is 10 - 15 km. The total passages of trucks and the generated dust loads in the process of transportation are calculated as follows: ➢ Dust emission from transportation of demolition debris The total number of trucks and the dust volume generated during the transportation of wastes from demolition of existing houses/structures on the area of 40ha is calculated as follows: Table 3.11. Dust load generated from transportation of demolition debris Solid Total Number of Demolition volume Solid waste Transportation waste dust trips (m3) volume (ton) duration (day) volume load (trip/day) (ton/day) (mg/m.s) 125,160 187,750 180 1,043 70 0.81 Concentration of dust is quantified using Sutton’s atmospheric dispersion model as follows:  − (z + h)2  − (z − h)2  0,8E.exp 2  + exp 2    2 z   2 z  C = (mg/m3) [3]  z .u In which (C): concentration of air particles (mg/m3); (E): Emission load (mg/m.s); (z): height (m); 0,73 σz : dispersion coefficient (m) as a function of distance and wind direction σz = 0.53x ; (u): mean wind speed (m/s), u = 3m/s; (h): road height from base elevation (m), h = 0.5m.

8 ) (Assessment of Sources of Air, Water and Land Pollution –Part 1: Rapid Inventory Techniques in Environmental Pollution, WHO, 1993),

Final Report 106 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Assuming wind speed at 5.0 m/s, the concentration of dust generated from transportation vehicles at distance of 10-15m from sources is calculated as follows: Table 3.12. Dust Emission Concentration from Transportation of Demolition Wastes QCVN Distance Dust concentration (mg/m3) 05:2013/BTNMT W (m) H=1.5 H=2 H=3 H=4 (mg/m3) 10 0.2715 0.2614 0.2378 0.2258 0.3 20 0.2373 0.2347 0.2279 0.2239 Remarks: These results included the base environmental quality condition Comment: The concentration of dust generated from transportation of demolition wastes is below allowable limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulations on the quality of ambient air. Existing Faculties and units (i) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) College of Technology and Information; (iii) dormitory, have an distance of 100-200m from the site, thus the structures will not be affected by the transportation of debris and site cleared materials. However, some households living along road sides will be affected by dust and exhaust gases. In general, the wastes and debris from demolition will be used to construct service road. Therefore, the volume of discarded materials will be much lower than the calculated volume; transportation routes (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia, Mai Dang Chon is quite large with 34-60m wide, have a separate strip in the middle) the impact of dust from the transportation process is medium and mitigable. ➢ Dust generated from transportation of excavated and backfilled soil: Similar to the calculation of dust load emitted from demolition waste transportation, the formula [3] is applied to estimate the dust load and concentration generated from the transportation of excavated and backfilled soil in the area of 40ha. Results are displayed as follows: Table 3.13. Dust load generated from the transportation of excavated and backfilled soil

Volume of Solid excavated Number of Total dust Total dust Transportation waste and trips load load duration (day) volume backfilled (trip/day) (kg/km/day) (mg/m.s) soil (m3) (ton/day) 359,820 150 3,598 240 74.89 2.6 Table 3.14. Concentration of dust generated from transportation of excavated and backfilled soil QCVN L(m)=W Dust concentration (mg/m3) 05:2013/BTNMT (m) (average 1h) H=1.5 H=2 H=3 H=3.5 (mg/m3) 10 0.42136 0.39643 0.33802 0.30839 20 0.34144 0.33040 0.31355 0.29290 0.3 30 0.2990 0.2943 0.2869 0.2660 40 0.2589 0.2580 0.2555 0.2520 Notes: the results were calculated in combination with the baseline air conditions The calculation results: the dust load generated from the transportation of excavated and backfilled soil for the subproject area (the area of 40ha) at the distance from 10m-20m are

Final Report 107 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

mostly as 1.1-1.4 times as the QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT; at the distance of more than 30m, dust load is under allowable limit. Sensitive receptors of the dust, emissions from the transportation of excavated and backfilled soil are households living along the main road (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, Mai Dang Chon roads are quite wide, have a separate strip at the middle and sidewalks on both sides). In general, impact of dust created from transportation activities is assessed to be low and mitigable. ➢ Dust generated from transportation of construction materials Similar to the calculation of dust generated from transporting demolition waste as above, formula [3] is applied to estimate the amount and concentration of diffused dust from material transportation for construction of subprojects as below: Table 3.15. Dust load generated from the transportation of construction materials

Volume of Number of Dust load Transportation Dust load Works materials trip (*) duration (day) (mg/m.s) (ton) (trip/day) (kg/km/s)

(1) University of Technology and 190,121 36 12 5.3 0.18 Education (2) University of Foreign 244,378 24 23 10.1 0.35 Languages Studies (3) International 162,461 24 16 7.0 0.24 University (4) Executive 67,556 24 7 3.1 0.11 building (5) Multi- purpose sport 148,626 36 10 4.4 0.15 complex (6) Technopole 127,490 24 12 5.3 0.18 center Similarly, concentration of dusts from transportation of materials, excavation and backfilling is presented in the Table 3.16 below: Table 3.16. Dust emission from transportation of materials QCVN Distance Dust concentration (mg/m3) Work items 05:2013/BTNMT W (m) H=1.5 H=3 H=5 H=10 (mg/m3) (1) University of 10 0.1876 0.1816 0.1743 0.1700 Technology and Education 20 0.1816 0.1800 0.1770 0.1713 (2) University of 10 0.2042 0.1926 0.1784 0.1701 Foreign Languages 20 0.1926 0.1894 0.1835 0.1725 0.3 Studies (3) International 10 0.1935 0.1855 0.1758 0.1701 University 20 0.1855 0.1833 0.1793 0.1717 10 0.1808 0.1771 0.1727 0.1700

Final Report 108 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

QCVN Distance Dust concentration (mg/m3) Work items 05:2013/BTNMT W (m) H=1.5 H=3 H=5 H=10 (mg/m3) (4) Executive 20 0.1771 0.1761 0.1743 0.1708 building (5) Multi-purpose 10 0.1847 0.1797 0.1736 0.1700 sport complex 20 0.1797 0.1783 0.1758 0.1711 (6) Technopole 10 0.1876 0.1816 0.1743 0.1700 center 20 0.1816 0.1800 0.1770 0.1713 Remarks: These results included the base environmental quality condition Comment: The concentration of dust generated from the transportation of materials and excavated soil of construction items is within the allowable limits of QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National Technical Regulations on the quality of ambient air. Locations of the main transportation routes are presented in following Figure 3.1:

Da Nang University of Mai Dang Chon road Institute of Social Sciences of the Medical Technology Central Region and Pharmacy

Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road Subproject area

Figure 3.1: Locations of the main transportation routes for material and wastes Receptors that may be affected by dust generated from the transportation of materials and waste on main transport routes include: Table 3.17. Dust sensitive seceptors on main routes

Transportation routes Dust sensitive receptors

- Institute of Social Sciences of the Central Region, 100m from the (1) Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road transportation road, divided by a fence and yard/campus.

Final Report 109 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Transportation routes Dust sensitive receptors

- Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, 100m from the transportation road, divided by a fence and yard/campus - Western residential area bordering the subproject area, sparsely poluated, about 50m from the main road, separated by sidewalks and a space for circulationg. - Residential area along the road, sparsely poluated, about 30-50m (2) Mai Dang Chon road from the main road, separated by sidewalks and a space for circulationg The data in Table 3.17 above shows that the dust concentration generated from transportation activities is lower than QCVN 05: 2013 / BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality. Therefore, the impact level is low. Nam Ky Khoi Nghia and Mai Dang Chon roads are 34m wide with separated green strips and sidewalks along the road, the receptors such as the Institute of Social Sciences of the Central Region, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy... are on the side of the idle truck, 100m away from the road, the yard and the greenery... Therefore, the level of impact will be low but it is necessary to minimize impacts on people's health. v. Exhaust Gas Emission due to Activities of Transportation Means Transportation of construction materials or waste by 15-ton trucks will result in the emission of exhaust of gas such as NO2, SO2, CO, VOC, affecting the ambient air quality. Pollutant load depends on the numbers of trucks travel and types of fuel used. Diesel Oil (DO) with sulphur content smaller than 0.25% so the concentration of SO2, NO2 in the exhaust gases significantly limited. Moreover, emission source is the mobile source so the waste gas concentration is not focused but dispersed on whole road line. The people on the transportation routes and workers may be affected by vehicle gas emissions. The box below shows the potential health impacts of some gases emitted from vehicles. Potential health impacts of some gases emitted from vehicles - CO enters the bloodstream, reacting with hemoglobin (found in red blood cells) to become a sustainable structure but cannot afford to load oxygen, this cause the body asphyxia. If getting a large amount of CO, people will feel headache, dizziness, and fatigue. Too much CO can lead to unconscious or suffocated status quickly. When oxidized, CO turns into carbon dioxide (CO2), CO2 also causes asphyxiation but not so poisoning as CO.

- SO2 can penetrate into the human body through the respiratory system, trespassing into the circulatory system. When exposed for long periods, it can create small acid particles which can penetrate into the blood vessels if their size is < 2-3 μm. SO2 can trespass into the human body through the skin and cause chemical conversion, leading to reduced alkaline level of blood. Ammonia can leak through urine and affects the salivary gland. Bigger concentration will cause increasing mucous secretion of trachea. This gas exposing to the eyes can form acid.

- NO2 concentration in the air with 5 ppm will have negative impacts on the lungs. Being exposed to the air for several hours with NO2 concentration of 15-20 parts per million can cause damage to lung, heart and liver; NO2 concentration in the air of 1% can be fatal in a few minute. NO2 oxidized under sunlight can create ozone gas causing tear and skin rashes. NO2 also contributes to asthma, even lung cancer, tracheal damage. VOCs is the common name of liquid or solid substances containing volatile organic carbon. Some common substances as acetone, ethylaxetat, buthylaxetat ... They are less chronic toxicity. The main toxicity can include dizziness, drunken vomiting, swollen eyes, twitching, pneumonia. Only a few substances with chronic toxicity will cause blood cancer, and neurological diseases9.

9 http://tnmtvinhphuc.gov.vn/index.php/vi/news/Moi-truong/Tac-dong-cua-mot-so-khi-doc-den-suc-khoe-con- nguoi-71/

Final Report 110 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Rapid assessment method of WHO is used to evaluate the impacts. Table 3.18. Emission Coefficient of All Air Pollutant Substance from Trucks NOx CO VOC No Type of car Unit (U) SO2 kg/U kg/U kg/U kg/U 1000 km 4.29*S 11.80 6 2.60 1 Oil-run lorry DO (3.5 - 16 tons) Fuel ton 20*S 55 28 12 1000 km 7.26*S 18.20 7.30 5.80 2 Oil-run lorry DO (>16 tons) Fuel ton 20*S 50 20 16 Remark: S is the concentration of sulfur in diesel (S = 0,25%) Assumptions: Truck load is 15 tons, average speed is 10 km/h, and the average transportation distance is 1 km, pollutant load generated from one vehicle is: Dust: 0.90 g/km; SO2: 4.29*S g/km; NOx: 11.80 g/km; CO: 6.00 g/km; VOC: 2.60 g/km, wind speed of 3.0 m/s, the truck would consume 0.4 liters of oil/car.km (1 liter of DO weights 0.832 kg). Emission loads are calculated for the distance of 5-20 m from sources by applying Sutton model are presented in Table 3.19 below. Table 3.19. Exhaust emission from vehicles Volume Volume Expected Fuel Volume of Total trip Distance of SO2 of CO Works duration consumption NO2 (trip/day) (m) (mg/m. (mg/m. (month) (kg/day) (mg/m.s) s) s) (1) University of Technology and 24 12 15 59.90 0.022 24.544 12.480 Education (2) University of Foreign 36 23 15 114.82 0.043 47.043 23.920 Languages Studies (3) International 24 16 15 79.87 0.030 32.725 16.640 University (4) Executive 24 7 15 34.94 0.013 14.317 7.280 building (5) Multi- purpose sport 24 10 15 49.92 0.019 20.453 10.400 complex (6) Technopole 36 12 15 59.90 0.022 24.544 12.480 center Data in the above Table 3.19 shows that the concentration of exhaust gases generated from transport activities meets QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality. Thus, level of impact is low. If a vehicle stops without its engine turned off, exhaust gas would affect localised air quality. However, exhaust gas emission is considered to be small and the gases usually disperse quickly into the surrounding environment thus concentration would be reduced quickly. The effect of exhaust gas emission is small but mitigation measures are required to control the impacts on people’s health. vi. Exhaust Emitted from The Operation of Construction Machines and Equipment The amount of all construction machines and fuel demand are presented in the following Table 3.20 (Source: WHO, 1993).

Final Report 111 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 3.20. DO Fuel Demand for Construction Machines and Equipments (2) Fuel (1) (3) (4) (5) Foreign (6) norm/c Equipment, machines Technical International Executive Sport Language Technopole a (diesel Uni Uni building Complex Uni liter) Vibration roller 25T 40 36.36 33.3 60 31.6 44 Grader 110 CV 2.7 2.45 2.3 4.05 2.1 2.97 40.32 Excavator ≤ 0.8 m3 76.65 69.68 63.9 114.97 60.5 84.32 38.88 Steel wheel compactor 8.5T 354 321.82 295.0 531 279.5 389.4 64.8 Bulldozer ≤110 CV 189 171.82 157.5 283.5 149.2 207.9 24 Car 15 T (tank transport) 75 68.18 62.5 112.5 59.2 82.5 54.6 Asphalt truck 7 T 18 16.36 15.0 27 14.2 19.8 31 Water truck 5 m3 12 10.91 10.0 18 9.5 13.2 25.5 Total DO oil used 19.7 17.88 16.39 29.49 15.53 21.63 (liter/hour) Highst DO oil used (kg/h) 20.97 19.06 17.47 31.45 16.55 23.07 (DDO=0,85kg/liter) Based on the frequency of the machine activities, the constructional area and a working day of 8 hours, the emission load and emission concentration from Diesel oil combustion process are calculated as follows: Table 3.21. Emission Coefficient and Emission Load due to DO Combustion Engines Load Pollutant (2) of load (1) (3) (4) (5) Foreign (6) exhaust coefficient Technical International Executive Sport Language Technopole gas (g/kg DO) Uni Uni building Complex Uni (g/s)

SO2 20*S 0.273 0.248 0.228 0.410 0.216 0.300

NO2 2.84 0.039 0.035 0.032 0.058 0.031 0.043 CO 0.71 0.010 0.009 0.008 0.015 0.008 0.011 Dust 0.28 0.004 0.248 0.228 0.410 0.216 0.300 VOC 0.035 0.001 0.248 0.228 0.410 0.216 0.300 In which: S is the concentration of sulfur in the fuel (0.25%). From the above pollution loads from exhaust gases, by applying Sutton model with a wind speed of 3.0 m/s, and a distance of 5-10 m from generating sources. The concentration of exhaust gases generated from construction machines and equipments meets QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT - National technical regulation on ambient air quality. The level of impact by dust and exhaust gas is low and can be minimized. In general, dust and emitted gases are generated from the construction progress and on transportation routes: Dust will contribute to reducing the sight distance that lead to the risks on traffic safety. Dust deposit will damage the beautiful landscape, affect the sanitation conditions of restaurants and services units. Besides, the dust is the reason causing respiratory diseases for local people that can leads to short-term effects on people’s health because the construction dust has quite-large particle. It is worth noting that dust on leaves will reduces the photosynthesis of surrounding plants. In summary, the sensitive receptors affected by dust, exhaust gases during construction phase in the project areas and the main transportation routes are listed in Table 3.22 below:

Final Report 112 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 3.22. Sensitive receptors affected by dust during construction phase Work items Sensitive receptors affected by dust Distance to construction Site - Workers at the construction sites; (1) University of Technology and - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 100 - 200 Education Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, Dormitory).

(2) University of - Workers at the construction sites; Foreign 200 Languages - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of Studies Medicine and Pharmacy). (3) International - Workers at the construction sites; University - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Dormitory). 100 - Workers at the construction sites; (4) Multi-purpose - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 200 sport complex Medicine and Pharmacy).

- Workers at the construction sites; (5) Executive - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 100 - 200 building Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology). - Hai An pagoda 100 - Workers at the construction sites; (6) Technopole - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 100 - 200 center Medicine and Pharmacy). - Khai Tay Sanctuary 100

- Workers at the construction sites; 100 - 200 - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of (7) Internal roads Medicine and Pharmacy, Dormitory). 100 - 200 - Hai An pagoda, Khai Tay Sanctuary 100 2. Increased Level of Noise and Vibration i. Noise The noise generated during the construction phase is mainly from three sources: (i) demolition of existing structures, particularly the existing houses/structures; (ii) from vehicle movements; (iii) the operation of concrete/ asphalt drilling-cutting machines, and piling machines. Lower levels of noise are generated from construction plants, engines of vehicles, and materials loading/unloading particularly stone unloading. Noise during demolition of the existing houses/structures: ... Noise level along the transportation routes: ... Noise by the operation of concrete/ asphalt drilling-cutting machines, and piling machines: ... Noise levels generated from the construction plants are estimated by the following equation10: L = L − L − L (dBA) i p d c [4]

10 by Pham Ngoc Dang 2003. Air environment. Science and technics publishing house 2003

Final Report 113 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

In which: Li – Noise level at site with a distance d (m) from the source; Lp – Noise level measured at source (from a distance of 1.5m); ∆Ld – Noise level as a fuction of distance d and at frequency i; 1+a  r    1   Ld = 20lg    r2     [5]

In which: r1- Distance to the noise source corresponding to Lp (m); r2- Distance corresponding to the noise Li(m); a- Specific absorption coefficient of noise with the land surface topography (a = 0.1); ∆Lc- Decrement Noise level through the obstacle. The construction area with all buildings and obstacle brick wall, thus, ∆Lc = 1,2; Noise level by the distance of machines in this period is calculated as in the Table 3.23 below: Table 3.23. Noise level by the distance of machine of work items

Distance to the noise source (m) Items Construction machine 15 30 60 100 120 150 180 200 250 300

Combined noise level 100 94 88 84 82 80 78 77 75 73 (1) University Excavator 0.8m3 89 83 77 73 71 69 67 66 64 62 of Technology Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 90 84 78 74 72 70 68 67 56 41 and Education Lorry 15T 84 78 72 68 66 64 62 61 59 57 Excavator 1.6 m3 100 94 88 84 82 80 78 77 75 73 Combined noise level 95 89 83 79 77 75 73 72 70 68 (2) University Excavator 0.8m3 86 80 74 70 68 66 64 63 61 59 of Foreign Languages Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 87 81 75 71 69 67 65 64 62 60 Studies Lorry 15T 93 87 81 77 75 73 71 70 68 66 Excavator 1.6 m3 88 82 76 72 70 68 66 65 63 61 Combined noise level 95 89 83 79 77 75 73 72 70 71 3 (3) Excavator 0.8m 86 80 74 70 68 66 64 63 61 61 International Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 87 81 75 71 69 67 65 64 62 59 University Lorry 15T 93 87 81 77 75 73 71 70 68 69 Excavator 1.6 m3 88 82 76 72 70 68 66 65 63 65 Combined noise level 97 91 85 81 79 77 75 74 72 73 3 (4) Multi- Excavator 0.8m 89 83 77 73 71 69 67 66 64 55 purpose sport Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 90 84 78 74 72 70 68 67 65 53 complex Lorry 15T 94 88 82 78 76 74 72 71 69 73 Excavator 1.6 m3 92 86 80 76 74 72 70 69 67 64 Combined noise level 94 88 82 78 76 74 72 71 69 62 (5) The 3 Excavator 0.8m 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 60 Executive building Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 83 77 71 67 65 63 61 60 58 63 Lorry 15T 94 88 82 78 76 74 72 71 69 67 Combined noise level 82 76 70 66 64 62 60 59 57 55 (6) Technopole Excavator 0.8m3 94 88 82 78 76 74 72 71 69 56 center Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 85 79 73 69 67 65 63 62 60 67 Lorry 15T 80 74 68 64 62 60 58 57 55 55

Final Report 114 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Distance to the noise source (m) Items Construction machine 15 30 60 100 120 150 180 200 250 300 Combined noise level 96 90 84 80 78 76 74 73 71 67 Infrastructure 3 Excavator 0.8m 85 79 73 69 67 65 63 62 60 55 in the area of 40ha Bulldozer ≤ 140CV 83 77 71 67 65 63 61 60 58 56 Lorry 15T 96 90 84 80 78 76 74 73 71 67 QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (from 6h-21h) 70 – Normal area QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT (from 21h-6h) 55 – Normal area WBG HSE Guideline 70 The results are as following: - The noise generated by the machines and equipment within the distance of 30m (day time) and over 120 (night time) is within allowable limit of QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Noise (70 dBA for normal area from 6h – 21h, 55 dBA for normal area from 21h – 6h) - The resonance noise of vehicles operating within the distance 60m (day time) and more than 300m (night time) is lower than permissible level of the QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT – National Technical Regulation on Noise (70 dBA for normal area from 6h – 21h, 55 dBA for normal area from 21h – 6h) In general, the works of the UD subproject are constructed at the same time and concentrated in an area, thus, the noise is assessed to be from medium to large and will be controllable. The receptors to be affected by the noise include: Table 3.24. Sensitive receptors by noise Distance to the subproject site Items Sensitive receptors (m)

- Workers at the construction sites; (1) University of Technology - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 100 - 200 and Education Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, Dormitory). (2) University - Workers at the construction sites; of Foreign 200 Languages - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of Studies Medicine and Pharmacy).

(3) - Workers at the construction sites; International 100 University - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Dormitory). - Workers at the construction sites; (4) Multi- purpose sport - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 200 Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, complex Dormitory). (5) Executive - Workers at the construction sites; building - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 100 - 200

Final Report 115 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Distance to the subproject site Items Sensitive receptors (m)

Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology). - Hai An pagoda 100

- Workers at the construction sites; (6) - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of 100 - 200 Technopole Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, center Dormitory). 100 - Hai An pagoda, Khai Tay Sanctuary

- Workers at the construction sites; 100 - 200 - Existing students and lecturers at the University (Faculty of (7) Internal Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, roads Dormitory). 100 - 200 - Hai An pagoda, Khai Tay Sanctuary 100 The impacts of noise will be more sensitive at night in the existing dormitory, within school time (7h30 to 11h30 a.m; 13h30 - 17h30 p.m) in the lecture hall of Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, and College of Information Technology. Noise from the construction site is discontinuous and short-term, but it disturb the community, students, lectures and officers, it is assessed to be large and must be reduced by proper mitigation measures. ii. Vibration Vibration will be mainly caused by construction activities related to buildings construction, piling and roadbase compaction. Vibration caused by compaction of piped trench will be negligible because the sand will be watered before compaction takes place. Typical vibration levels are specified in the following table: Table 3.25. Vibration Level of Typical Equipment Within 10m Distance No. Equipment Reference vibration (Vertical direction, dB) 1 Excavator 80 2 Bulldozer 79 3 Truck 74 4 Roller 82 5 Air compressor 81 6 Concrete hammer 97.5 (Source: Transit Noise And Vibration Impact Assessment, FTA, 2006) Vibration impact from construction equipment is calculated by vibration attenuation with distance:

L = L0 – 10lg(r/r0) – 8.7a (r- r0) In which: - L: vibration level in dB at a distance “r” from the source;

- L0: vibration level in dB at a distance “r0” from the source. In the project case, r0 is vibration source and r0 = 10m; - a: intrinsic vibration attenuation coefficient at clay foundation, a = 0.5

Final Report 116 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Predicted results are presented in the following table 2.26. Table 3.26. Vibration by Distance During Construction of buildings Items Max source Vibration level at a distance (*) (dB) vibration (r 0 r = 5m r = 10m r = 15m r = 20m = 10m) (dB) Concrete hammer 106.5 98.5 72.8 54.6 34.2 QCVN 27: 2010, allowable level of 75 dB during 6÷21h and base level during 21÷6h In comparison of the monitoring results with QCVN 27: 2010/BTNMT, at the distance > 10m, the vibration is within allowable limit. The existing structures such as Dormitory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology are more than 100m far from the site, they will not be affected by the vibration. However, the construction workers (especially the workers operating machines and vehicles) will be affected. The impact of vibration is at medium level and can be managed in short-term. 3. Water quality impacts During the construction phase, there are three main sources of wastewater generation including: (i) Rainwater runoff from construction sites; (ii) Wastewater generated from construction workers’s camps; and (iii) construction wastewater. The volumes and characeristics of each types of wastewater generated during construction phase are discussed below: i. Rainwater runoff Rainwater is considered clean if it is not exposed to pollution sources such as wastewater, exhaust gas, contaminated with soil/dredged material, etc. During the construction process, when rainwater runoff passing construction sites, it will drag soil, sand, waste discharged by construction workers, debris,... and become polluted. Flow of Rainfall rate in the construction areas compared with surrounding environment is calculated by the method of limit intensity (according to TCVN 7957: 2008 - Drainage and Sewerage - External networks and facilities – Design Standard). Rainfall rate Q (m3/s) is calculated by the following formula: Q = q.C.F Of which: Q: Calculated flow (m3/s) q: Rainfall intensity (liter/s.ha). C: flow coefficient. The flow coefficient C depends on the coverage surface and the repetition cycle of the calculated rain (P), given C= 0.2. F: Project area (ha) Rainfall intensity is calculated by following formula: A(1+ C *lg P) n q= (t + b) Of which: q: calculated rainfall intensity (liter/s.ha) P: Repetition cycle of the calculated rain (years), given P = 2 years t: Rain runoff duration in the project area (about 30 minutes). A, C, b, n: Parameters determined according to local rain conditions. These parameters depend on local climatic condition. For the area of Ngu Hanh Son district - Da Nang city, A=2170; C=0.52; b=10; n=0.65. Applying these values in the above formula, we have:

Final Report 117 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Calculated rainfall intensity at the construction area is: q = 228,181 (l/s.ha) Therefore, the volume of rainwater runoff through the construction sites of UD subproject is calculated as follows: Table 3.27. Flow of rainwater runoff during construction Flow rate Runoff Catchment Flow Flow rate (m3/h) Volume at Work items area (m2) coefficient (l/s) design rainfall (m3) (1) University of Technology 53,000 and Education 0.4 483.7 1,741 2,612 (2) University of Foreign 50,000 Languages Studies 0.4 456.4 1,642 2,464 (3) International University 61,000 0.4 556.8 2,004 3,006 (4) Multi-purpose sport 51,000 complex 0.4 465.5 1,675 2,513 (5) Executive building 95,000 0.4 867.1 3,121 4,682 (6) Technopole center 68,000 0.4 576.0 2,614 3,421 (7) Internal roads 400,000 0.4 365.1 1,314 1,971 Note: Above results are from calculations with rain duration of 90 minutes) The main environmental concerns of surface runoff is the large volumes may cause localised flooding, and if it is highly turbid, it may cause sedimentation in exisitng drains. Rainwater runoff will drag a longpollutants such as oil, grease, dust and soil on the construction site surface. According to WHO (1993), content of pollutants in the rainwater runoff is about 0.5 – 1.5 mg N/l, 0.004 – 0.03 mg P/l, 10 - 20 mg COD/l and 10 - 20 mg TSS/l, these parameters are lower the acceptable standard by QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT - National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater. The work item will be constructed from 18 to 36 months so construction in rainy season will unavoidable; then, the rainwater runoff will drag stone debris, soil, dirt, oil and types of waste on the construction site surface into the receiving body in the area. These pollutants will increase water’s turbidity and content of TSS will usually exceed the allowable limit. Aquatic species can be affected by polluted water that prevents the respiration, photosynthesis. However, the construction area is about 2km far from canals/rivers (Co Co river, Vinh Dien river or Cai river), the stormwater will overflow and absorb in surrounding area. At some positions where culverts are arranged (the area that was compensated and site cleared), the water will be led to the common drainage culverts on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road. Thus, the impact level is low, short-term, local but mitigation measures should be taken. ii. Domestic wastewater generated from worker’s camps Theproject is expected to mobilize about 1200 workers, so each work item will require 100 - 300 workers (the number varies depending on construction time and progress). According to Vietnamese standard QCXDVN 01: 2008/BXD, the rate of domestic water consumption by the workers is 45 liters/person/day, the amount of wastewater generated is equal to 80% of the supplied water amount. Assuming all the workers would reside in camps then the volume of wastewater generated from each worker’s camp is calculated in Table 3.28 below:

Final Report 118 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 3.28 Amount of wastewater generated in the construction camps Work items Number Construction Amount of Amount of Total of of duration domestic domestic domestic workers (months) wastewater wastewater wastewater (persons) (m3/day) (m3/month) (m3) (1) University of Technology and 200 24 9 270 6,480 Education (2) University of Foreign Languages 200 36 9 270 9,720 Studies (3) International 150 24 6.75 202.5 4,860 University (4) Center of the 100 24 4.5 135 3,240 University of Da Nang (5) Multi-purpose sport 150 24 6.75 202.5 4,860 complex (6) Technopole Center 300 36 13.5 405 14,580 and Innovation Quarter (7) Infrastructure in 100 18 4.5 135 2,430 the area of 40ha Total 1,200 54 1,620 46,170 Domestic wastewater contains suspended solids, and, some oil and grease, high concentrations of organic matters, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus) and microorganisms. The load of pollutants in domestic wastewater at workers camps is provided in Table 3.29. Table 3.29. Load of pollutants in domestic wastewater on construction phase No Pollutants Pollution coefficient (g/per/day) Load of pollutant (kg/day) Min Max Min Max

1 BOD5 45 54 9 10.8 2 COD 72 102 14.4 20.4 3 TSS 70 145 14 29 4 T-N 10 30 2 6 5 T-P 6 12 1.2 2.4 6 Cl- 2.4 4.8 0.48 0.96 7 Ecoli 106 109 2.106 2.109 (Source: WHO, 1993) The concentration of pollutants in the domestic wastewater before and after treatment by septic tank is presented in the following table: Table 3.30. Domestic wastewater quality Concentration in domestic QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT Pollutants wastewater (before treatment) (Column B) pH 5 – 9 5 – 9

BOD5 640 – 780 50 TSS 1000 – 1450 100 - Nitrate (NO3 ) 50 – 100 50 Total coliform 106 – 109 5,000

Final Report 119 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

According to the monitoring results, the parameters of workers’ domestic wastewater exceed the standard, including: BOD (as 12.8 – 15.6 times), TSS (may be 10 – 14.5 times), etc. If not being well treated, the domestic wastes will damage the beautiful landscape, cause environmental, water and air pollution that facilitate the development of pathogen. Such impacts will negatively affect workers’ health. Also, this will be the considerable pollution sources that disturb living conditions of workers and students, lecturers of existing colleges/university unless there are proper mitigation measures. Besides, the construction area is about 2km far from canals/rivers (Co Co river, Vinh Dien river or Cai river), the domestic wastewater from workers after treatment will be led to the common drainage culverts on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road. The impacts assessed to be medium upon each construction site. iii. Construction wastewater In the construction phase, the construction wastewater volume is insignificant, mainly from the process of concrete maintenance, washing road, machines, equipment and vehicles with the major components of grease, oil, suspended solids and other substances. The estimated volumes of such construction wastewater is 1 - 3 m3/day at each site. This wasterwater contains high suspended solids contents, some oil and grease. Untreated construction wastewater and may cause increased water turbidity which affect respirations and photosynthesis process of aquatic lives. However, the construction area is about 2km far from canals/rivers (Co Co river, Vinh Dien river or Cai river), the construction wastewater after treatment will be led to the common drainage culverts on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road and the volume of construction wastewater is small. So, the impact is assessed to be low and mitigated as the wastes can be collected and treated. iv. Impact on underground water Construction of the multi-storey buildings needs to excavate about 2 - 4 m deep for their foundation construction by machines, which may affect underground water aquifer located at the depth of foundation requirements. The baseline data showed that the underground water at the shallow aquifer located at about 8-12m from the ground will be polluted with organic matters. The depth of the building foundations is maximum of 4m according to the results of subproject geological survey. Therefore, the impact is considered moderate and direct impact. 4. Solid waste generation Solid waste generated in the construction phase includes 3 main types : (i) Construction waste including demolition materials, excavated materials and unused/waste construction materials (debis); (ii) Domestic solid waste from worker’s camps; and (iii) hazardous solid waste. The volumes of each types of solid wastes generated volume are presented below. i. Construction Waste Wastes from construction activities are mainly generated from demolition of existing structures and excavated soil at the site. The volume of the construction solid waste generated from each work item is presented in Table 3.31 as follows: Table 3.31. Volume of construction solid waste during construction phase

3 Work item Volume of Volume of Total (m ) demolition excavation (m3) (m3) Excavated and backfilled 125,000 75,000 200,000 volume in the area 40ha The solid waste generated from demolition and clearance. Mainly construction waste, in duding brick, motar, broken concrete, tree trunk, weeds… and other material (waste, plastic bags…). Most of solid waste (about 80% of total volumn, equal 100,000 m3) generated from the

Final Report 120 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

demolition canreused. Demolition waste can reused for leveling low-lying areas if necessary or making the work road leading to the construction sites; recyclable materials can be sold to recycling dealers. The remaining waste (about 25,000 m3 of biomass, unused solid waste) which can not be re-used will be dumpedat disposal sites. Total excavated and backfilled volume of the subproject is quite high, with about 75,000m3. The crop on the top makes up 30% - 40% (30,000 m3) of total excavated volume. Such fertile soil layer can be used for cultivating, meanwhile, the remaining soil volume can be used to construct service road or level low land area. Small amount of construction wastes mainly consists of lime, mortar, iron and steel, soil, rock and cement packages, etc. will be generated during construction phase. Such wastes should be collected then transported for disposal at approved sites specified in the Environmental Management Plan. In general, the total volume of construction waste generated during construction phase is relatively large, requirement considerable land area for temporary and final disposal. Other environmental concerns may also be arisen from temporary and final disposal sites as discussed at the end of this chapter. Therefore, the potential impacts of solid waste in this Project is considered HIGH but it can be managed. ii. Domestic solid waste Domestic solid waste will be generated from workers’ camps during operation phase. The main components in such domestic solid wastes are mainly packaging materials, plastic bags, bottles, waste from food preparation etc. The volume of domestic generated is assessed through the application of rapid assessment method introduced by the World Health Organization, at rate of 0.5 kg/person/day. The estimated volume of the total solid waste generated daily in the construction process of the work items is calculated and shown in the following Table 3.32: Table 3.32. Volume of Domestic Solid Waste Generated from Construction

Domestic Domestic Total of Nos. of Construction solid solid solid Work items workers duration waste waste (people) (months) waste (kg/day) (kg/month) (ton) (1) University of Technology and 200 24 100 3,000 72 Education (2) University of Foreign Languages 200 36 100 3,000 108 Studies (3) International 150 24 75 2,250 54 University (4) Center of the 100 24 50 1,500 36 University of Da Nang (5) Multi-purpose 150 24 75 2,250 54 sport complex (6) Technopole Center 300 36 150 4,500 162 and Innovation Quarter (7) Infrastructure in 100 18 50 1,500 27 the area of 40ha Total 1,200 600 18,000 513

Final Report 121 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The volume of solid wastes of each work during construction is minor with about 50-150kg/day, equivalent to 1,500 – 4,500 kg/month. However, in spite of minor volume, the wastes, if not being treated, will cause environmental pollution due to mal odors, flies, mice and vector-born diseases, leachate, etc. This will directly affect workers’ health and damage the local landscape as well as worsen the environmental sanitation conditions of surrounding community. However, the subproject’s works are located in different areas which are quite far from residential areas. The impact is considered to be low and controllable. The volume of domestic wastes will be collected and transported to the disposal site/Khanh Son domestic waste/hazardous waste treatment Plant by Da Nang URENCO. iii. Hazardous solid waste A small amount of hazardous waste may be generated during the construction process, worker camps, including gasoline, waste oil, oily rags, paint containers mainly from repair work, maintenance of vehicles and machinery, construction equipment, fluorescent lighting, etc. The hazardous waste is estimated about 1 - 3 kg/days for each work. If such hazardous waste and materials are not managed properly, environmental and health hazards (spill, fire, explosion, erosion etc.) related to the storage, transporation, storage, handling and disposal may occur. In addition, there are also a number of steel welding rods for steel floors used to pour concrete on floors of buildings during the construction. It is estimated that about 10-20kg welding pieces are redundant for each completed work item. Welding pieces are classified as hazardous waste according to Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on the management of hazardous waste due to containing heavy metal Pb. The risk related to hazardous wastes and materials is assessed to be medium and manageable as detailed in the Environmental and Social Management Plan. Hazardous waste generated on the site will be classified, stored in specialized bins, then be collected, transported to and treated at Khanh Son Landfill/Domestic and hazardous waste treatment plant of URENCO Da Nang. Khanh Son Landfill is located in Hoa Khanh Nam Ward, Lien Chieu District, Da Nang City, which is about 15km away from the project area. 5. Impact on Biological Resources In the subproject area, there is either environmentally sensitive receptors such as national forest, nature reserves, biosphere reserves or specious animals and plants listed in the red book. Thus, no impacts on the reserves is recorded. Impact on biological resources (especially, impacts on Terrestrial) in the project areas is mainly due to the site clearance of 40ha which will affect terrestrial species. The activities for site clearance will affect trees, vegetation and some terrestrial species. Site clearance would remove vegetation cover in 152.800 m2 ricefield, 15000 m2 vegetable crop land. Total 27,500 fruit trees (such as jackfruit, coconut, banana, etc) and other wood trees (such as tamarind, eucalyptus, acacia, bamboo, etc). These vegetation and trees will be permanently cut down. In addition, there are some shrubby plants and trees in the fallow will also be cleared. Removal of the trees in garden and cultivation landwill affects the animals (rat, bat, bird...), insects (bees, butterflies etc.) living in the subproject area. The number and species affected by construction are not large, mainly species such as frogs, frogs, snakes, invertebrates, etc. These species are not of rare species. In general, impacts are unavoidable. However, as the subproject is carried out in the area with low biodiversity and with the proposed mitigation measures, the impacts are considered to be negligible and only occur within the land acquisition area. 6. Impacts on Landscape Within the Da Nang University Village, there are campus of faculties/Colleges such as Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, Domitory, thus, impacts on

Final Report 122 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

local landscape are unavoidable. In the construction phase, the green space in the subproject area will be affected due to chance finds and site clearance. The collection of bulky materials, excavated and backfilled stockpile, gathering of construction machines and wastes as well as open ditches created in the process of building drainage infrastructure, power and lighting system will cause negative impacts on the urban landscape. As mentioned in the Chapter 3 on impacts on students, the site clearance, demolition will remove 152.800 m2 of rice paddy and 15000 m2 of plant occupying area, 27500 of fruit trees in garden and 4500 m2 of timber as tamarind, eucalyptus, acacia and bamboo along with 3,500 bonsai trees. With such removal, landscape will be changed from green land into barren soil during the construction phase (which lasts from 18 to 36 months, variable between the work items). However, as described in Chapter 2, the affected green areas are scatteredly distributed so they do not have great contribution in landscape value. Therefore, the impact on landscape due to loss of one part of vegetation and trees is at medium level. Landscape in the project area would also be affected by the construction sites with, fences, bulky materials, excavated soil under construction, temporary loaded construction materials and wastes. This impact will last from 18 - 36 months at the construction sites. Without proper management and mitigation measures, landscape will also be affected by temporary loaded construction material and solid wastes … Locations and sensitive receptors of the landscape impact during construction phase include: (i) existing dormitory: about 1500 students and officers, 100 m - 200 m from the subproject site; (ii) College of Information technology: nearly 1500 students and lecturers/officers, 100m - 200m from the subproject site; (iii) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy: about 1000 students and lectures/officers, about 100m away from the subproject site; (iv) Hai An pagoda: about 50 visitors on the peak days as the 1st and the 15th days of the month, about 100m far from the subproject area; (v) Khai Tay Khai Tay Sanctuary: about 80 visitors on the peak days, about 100m from the subproject area. Besides, the temporary storage of waste, parking of truck, gathering of construction machinery such a bulldozer, excavator, roller…and workers’ camps on the vacant land areas will also affect landscape in these areas. In general, these work items are concentrated, and are implemented in two phases during 3 to 5 years. Therefore, the impact on landscape is only localized at each construction site and it is assessed to be medium and mitigable. After the subproject is completed and operated, the buildings with harmonious greenery and lawns will create a green landscape that is more beautiful than the current landscape. 7. Increased Localised Flooding Risks The project’s localized flooding risks can be as follows: Construction materials, dredged materials and excavated soil can block the existing rain water drainage causing localized flooding. However, the construction of the buildings is usually conducted by successive method so the localized flooding risk is no very high. The leveling of the subproject area of 40ha, particularly the low land area will contribute to reducing water reserves in the area. Accordingly, stormwater will be drained to surrounding canals faster that lead to local flooding in adjacent areas. In general, this risk can be controlled and mitigated by mitigation measures and plans to avoid constructing drainage infrastructure in rainy season. 8. Traffic disturbance and Increased Traffic Safety Risks During construction phase, it was estimated that 70 trips of vehicles and workers movement will be added to the traffic flow in the project area if all the work items are built at the same

Final Report 123 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

time. Most of them are heavy-loaded vehicles, some routes of transportation passing residential areas. The increase in the number of traffics can affect the traffic safety and cause jams on the routes, especially at intersections of Nam Ky Khoi Nghia and Mai Dang Chon; Nam Ky Khoi Nghia and the entrance road to Da Nang University village. These impacts also affect sensitive receptors along the mentioned transportation routes, especially at rush hours.

Institute of Social Sciences Da Nang University of Mai Dang Chon Road of the Central Region Medical Technology & Pharmacy

Nam Ky Khoi Nghia Road Project area

Figure 3.2: Intersections may be affected by construction activities Generally, as the construction will be divided into phases with number of constrction packages thus the quantity of vehicles added to traffic flow in the project area is much fewer than the estimated 70 trips per day. The impact is temporary, intermittently but last from 3 to 5 years. Thus the impact on traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risk isassessed at a medium level and can be minimized. The impact on traffic will be limited if project owners and contractors have a reasonable construction plan, coordinate with local governments in regulating traffic and having legal and economic sanction in transportation. 9. Damages to Existing Infrastructure and Disruptions to Related Services Almost construction sites has many electricity poles and water supply along existing roads. The project’s construction phase can damage or disrupt these services. Besides, roads power cables on the major transportation routes will also be at risk of being damaged because the heavy trucks’ operation on the road can damage road surface, collapse the culvert and break electrical lines if carrying bulky materials. Nam Ky Khoi Nghia and Mai Dang Chon are the main transportation routes, thus, the roads can suffer from these risks. 10. Social risk and impact related to Labour Influx and gender based-violence (GBV) In addition to land acquisition and its related impacts, communities and households not affected by land acquisition in the project areas would also be affected by other social impacts. These may include: • Impact on community's health due to construction activities (increased dust, noise and traffic traffics, etc.)

Final Report 124 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

• Social impacts and issues related to influx of workers (an estimate about 1200 workers) Impact on community's health due to construction activities Roadside households would be disturbed by dusts, noise, vibration temporary reduced accessibility to their houses which are located along the road. These impacts may make the affected families change/modify their routine activities as studying (of children), cooking, eating and resting, entertainment, etc. On the other hand, traffic disturbance and increased traffic and safety risk or localized flooding may affect travel habits of household members, particularly in temporary localy flooded. However, that impacts occur only in short, intermittent time and can be minimized if applied appropriate measures. Social risks and impacts related to influx of workers Community Disturbance due to mobilisation of workers to the Project areas. It is estimated that the subproject will mobilize about 1,200 workers possibly comes from others localities to temporarilly live and work in the Project area during construction phase. This number of workers compared to the total population of Hoa Quy ward - the project area (about 16,868 people) is quite small. Whether living in rented accomodation or in camps set up by the Contractors, there will be some interactions between the workers with local community. Social disturbance or even conflicts may be arisen when the workers are presence in the project area due to: - The workers come from other places with different income, employment, reputation and expectations etc. - Language used by the workers, their behaviours or ways of living not suitable to local culture/customs, particularly if they involve in drinking, gambling, sexual harassment or prostitution. - Construction impacts, particularly waste and wastewater, cause nuisance, disturbance or even disruption to daily activities of local communities. - Sanitation conditions at workers’ living areas/camps is poor, causing environmental pollution which pose health risks for local communities. With regards to workers’ behavious, culture and customs... Social conflicts may happen if the workers use unsuitable language or have behaviours that shows irrespects to the local people. Social conflicts would be serios if the workers harrass local women/students or have sexual exploitation and abuse, or involve in drinking, gambling. Particularly, serious long term health impacts if the workers involve in prostitutions as that would be the cause of STD, HIV/AIDs. In reality each construction company usually apply certain rules to manage the workers, prohibiting inappropriate behaviors and enforcing healty lifestyles. Such regulations would be helpful for managing social impacts. However, current regulations may not be sufficient to manage all social risks/impacts and should be strengthened if a bidder wins the contract in the project. Social risk related to the GBV With a large number of workers concentrated over a period of time, there may be potential risks of sexual harassment, in the construction site environment, female workers usually subjected to this risk, because the ratio of males is usually much higher The project is implemented on the campus of the University of Danang where there are many female students studying and staying at dormitories or in surrouding rental houses. The large number of male workers also cause potential risk of sexual abuse or harassment against female students, even sexual assault. To assess capacity for handling with potential risks, adaptive capacity and management capacity were assessed as follows:

Final Report 125 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Capacity of the local government of Danang city: Danang is a large city of Vietnam. During construction and development process, the city has implemented many large- scale construction projects. In the 2017-2020 period alone, Da Nang has had 68 key projects in different fields which have been included in the porfolio for investment and implementation. Therefore, the city has had good experience in responding to potential risks of construction projects in the city in order to minimize negative impacts and promote positive impacts and the project’s efficiency. The network of functional units with direct responsibility includes: district and grassroots local authorities, public security and social organizations at all levels. - Capacity of the PMU: (i) The project management unit used to manage and implement other projects of University of Danang, so they has good experience in managing contractors as well as contractors’s workers; (ii) Through consultation, the PMU also anticipated content of the requirements for contractors in preparing accommodation for workers; density of workers and related commitments for contractors on the basis of existing requirements for contractors and reconciliation with the World Bank's requirements; (iii) The PMU also had certain experience in communication and cooperation with media partners for dissemination of information on infectious diseases, especially HIV / AIDs as well as certain experience in management In the process of preparing the project in general and preparing the Resettlement Plan for the project in particular, the PMU also shown capacity for coordinating effectively with local authorities to promote deployment of necessary activities. This capacity is very important when management of the project's potential risks. With regards to camp conditions, it is likely that some contractors may set up camps for the workers to live in during construction phase. In both cases, if localised pollution is caused from the workers’ accommodations, nuisance and health impacts on to the nearby households would lead to social conflicts. It is noticeable that Vietnam Labour Code (article 165) regulates that employers are prohibited to use people under 18 years of age to carry heavy objects, work at construction sites, to carry out works for demolition of structures, or work under water. Therefore, the age of workers hired by the contractors should be monitored during construction phase of the suproject to ensure with this regulation. Generally, the potential social impacts and risks of the subproject would be at low to moderate and manageable by the measures presented in Chapter 5. 11. Occupational Health and Safety risks to the Workers Accident Risks Accidents may happen at any stage during construction phase, the causes include: - Workers working at heights (constructing 5-7-floors buildings) are at risk of being falled due to their carelessness or tiredness or not following regulations on occupational safety when performing their construction activities at these areas. - Outdoor workers exposed to hot weather (in summer, temperature can reach 380C - 400C), Extreme weather events such as heavy rain, storms, flush flood, or extreme hot weather. - Environmental pollution may cause fatigue, dizziness or fainting for workers during their work.

Final Report 126 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Risks/incidents due to electric shock. - Operations of machines and equipments used for loading/unloading materials and equipment, dredging, excavation, construction and transport of materials. - Land slide at deep excavation sites such as foundation of buldings. - Injuries due to insect bites, broken grass when working in the bush during site clerance, Generally, the risk of labor accident on construction sites is moderate and can be mitigated by suitable solution such as training on occupational safety before and during the construction process and provision of sufficient protective equipment for workers. ➢ Fall risks due to working at heights Worker is exposed to the hazard of falling more than two meters (constructing 5-7-floors buildings); into operating machinery; into water or other liquid; into hazardous substances; or through an opening in a work surface. There are four types of high-rise accidents, which are by scaffolding, people fall from height, struck by falling object and plant and machinery. The workers are always exposed to the risk of collapse of the scaffolding. Major of the scaffold accidents occurred were due to the use of defective materials for scaffolding and coupled with the unskilled and careless workmanship in erection of scaffolds. Everybody in the construction site has the risk to expose to fall in anywhere and anytime especially at the higher level. In general, lack of the safety measure at the construction sites is one of the causes the occurrence of fall accidents. In addition, workers can be stricken by the equipment, private vehicles, falling materials, vertically hoisted materials and horizontally transported materials. The improper rigging method had caused the accident happen. Overloading is one of the factors that will cause the cranes collapse in the high-rise building construction. During the construction, the amount of allowable handling load by the crane is always not proper control by the supervisor. Accident is an event of unpredictable and it may occur due to the following causes, lack of training, improper equipment and working platform, wrong safety attitude, inadequate housekeeping, failure to use personal protective equipment, and problem procurement method and subcontracting method. The lack of training in safety and technology knowledge, workers are haven’t ability and sufficient knowledge to predicts the potential risk and the way to avoid the accidents. The use of unsafe working platforms also may put workers at risk when the equipment is not properly used, maintained or stored. Construction worker’s safety attitude is influence by their understanding and realizing of risk, management, safety rules and the working procedures. The unsafe actions are include do not follow the standard safety procedures, constructing barbarously and deciding to proceed work in an unsafe conditions. The poor housekeeping in the workplace can be considered as a risk factor for occupational injuries. Working without wearing any personal protective equipment may highly increase the probability for occurrence of any undesired accident. The various reason of workers refuse to wear PPE during working are such as feel uncomfortable with the gears while performing their job at site and consider it as an disturbing item to their work output. Sub-contractors usually have poor safety awareness at the construction site. Poor coordination, lack of proper instructions and misunderstanding between working trades all can lead to construction accidents. These impacts are assessed as magnitude if don’t have any suitable mitigation measures. ➢ Risks/incidents due to electric shock Site clearance process shall demolish/relocate electric poles (about 20-30 electric poles), power lines, electricity meters (449 meters) in residential areas along current Luu Quang Vu road. This will cause risks of electric shock and electrical accidents if no measures are taken to ensure electrical safety.

Final Report 127 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Construction of high-rise buildings requires power supply for many construction activities and on large construction floors, so the risk of electric shock to workers always exists. Causes of electrical accidents on construction sites include: workers perform electric repair but not disconnecting the power source; check electrical equipment without supporting and protection tools; direct contact with electrical objects; use appliances having power leaks; directly touch power outlets, exposed power cords or conductors; violate requirements on safety distance with transformer stations, etc. In general, the construction period of subproject works is rather long (from 12 to 36 months) with great volume and a large number of workers (about 100 - 300 workers for each item). So it is a high risk if no absolute safety measures are taken for electricity supply, however, strict compliance with good safety measures will mitigate this risk. ➢ Risks of fire, explosion and leakage of fuel Fire and explosion may occur during transport, storage, handling and usage of fuel, or failure in the temporary power supply system. These hazards may cause loss of life and damage to property during the construction phase. The specific causes are identified as follows: - The temporary fuel and material warehouse (gas, DO oil, FO oil, welding gas, etc.) are the source of chemical leakage, fire and explosion. The occurrence of such incidents may relate to smoking, oil and gas handling/usage practices and can cause serious damage to people, society, economy and the environment. - Fire risk may happen when operating construction machineries, welding and vehicles using gasoline and diesel without compliance with fire regulations. - There can also be risks of electric fire, gas tank explosion, particularly mini gas bottles. The construction activities use flammable materials: petrol for construction equipment and transportation vehicles. The materials will cause severe damages if not being well managed. In addition, the machines and equipment that are possible to encounter into short circuit unless the electrical transmission system is good and well managed. Besides, it is worth noting that fire from cigarette may cause big fire and explosion. Despite minor probability, the risks, if happen, will cause huge impacts on people’s life and assets. Therefore, fire and explosion prevention measures should paid much attention of the Project Owner. In general, for the subproject, the fire and explosion risk is low because construction sites mainly at open space and far from residential areas (200 - 500m). If there is any fire and explosion incidence, it will only affect workers but this impact is at low level, in small scale and can be mitigable by suitable methods. 3.2.2.2. Site-specific impacts In addition to the common construction impacts discussed in detail in the previous section, there will also be site-specific impacts base on baseline conditions and subproject-proposals. The site-specific impacts are discussed in detail below. ➢ Impacts on physical cultural resources The project’s construction phase can affect some PCRs in the project areas, include: (i) An Hai Pagoda, area of 1,342.5 m2 (ii) Khai Tay Sanctuary, area of 4172.3 m2 The impacts of construction in these areas are mainly due to dust, noise, traffic hinderance and aesthetics impact due to construction activities and loading of materials. The impact level is moderate because the construction time can last several days at the areas where successive construction method is applied, or up to 18 - 36 months at other areas. Religious activities (pagoda visits, festival activities…) can be affected especially on the 15th day and 1st day of Lunar month. The consultation with key people in these religious and belief works which are

Final Report 128 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

sensitive to the project impact show that, in great feast-days, there will be large number of Buddhists gathering and joining in the worshiping activities. Contruction and gathering of material at this time will cause traffic hinderance, affect the psychology and level of satisfaction of pagoda’s monks and visitors. Table 3.33. Physical Cultural Resources impacted in Construction phase Sensitive receptors Description Impacts - Distance from - Dust may affect the temple construction area: 100 m. structure - This is a Buddhist pagoda - Material and wastes may affect where local people come to landscape and hinder access, organize worshiping - Noise may disturb worshiping activities, particularly on activities on 1st and 15th lunar the first day and 15th day of month every solar month. - Unsuitable language or behaviours of workers may be - About 50 visitors on the offensive to the relic keeper An Hai Pagoda, area of 1,342.5 peak days as the 1st and the and visitors m2 15th days of the month.

- Distance from - Material and wastes may affect construction area: 200 m. landscape and hinder access, - This is a Caodaism - Noise may disturb st pagoda where local people worshipinng activities on 1 th come to organize and 15 Lunar month worshiping activities, - Unsuitable language or particularly on the first day behaviours of workers may be and 15th day of every solar offensive to the relic keeper month. and visitors Khai Tay Sanctuary, area of - About 80 visitors on the 4,172.3 m2 peak days as the 1st and the 15th days of the month. As the subproject involves relative large quantity of excavation, there are chances that artifacts may be exposed during the execution of earth works. Therefore, a chance find procedure need to be developed and included in the ESMP. ➢ Health and safety risk at the existing universities/colleges Impacts on learning and researching activities of staffs and students of the University According to current status, lecture-room, office of Faculties and the University, laboratories, library and dormitory of (i) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; (ii) College of Information Technology are alsmost located in the project area. Thus, construction of works may affect learning and researching environment of staffs and students of the Universities/Colleges including (i) existing dormitory: about 1,500 to 2,000 students and officers, 100 m - 200 m from the subproject site; (ii) College of Information technology: nearly 1,500 students and lecturers/officers, 100m - 200m from the subproject site; (iii) Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy: about 1,000 students and lectures/officers, about 100m away from the subproject site. The impacts include: ✓ Impacts caused by dust, exhaust and noise: as assessed in the Section of air status in the construction process, both dust and exhaust are low and within the acceptable limits in accordance with QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT. And noise in the distance of 20m or more is still within the acceptable limits in accordance with QCVN 26/2010/BTNMT. However, due to the characteristic of learning and researching environment, the contractors need

Final Report 129 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

to reasonably arrange construction activities to avoid use of machines causing noise in learning hours of students. ✓ Impacts on landscape in the learning and researching areas: for the learning and researching environment, to make students and staffs work effectively, it needs to have clean environment and ✓ In the areas which may affect learning and researching activities of students and staffs. However, the impact level is assessed as insignificant and only happens during the construction process. Risks of accident at the construction site to the University’s staffs and students The subproject area is located within the planned campus of Da Nang University Village, including (i) Faculty of Medicine and Faculty (about 1000 students, lecturers); (ii) College of Information Technology (about 1500 students, lecturers); (iii) the dormitory (from 1500 to 2000 students, officers) and entrance road from Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road to the subproject area. The approach path will cause risk of accident not only to workers who directly participate in construction activities, but also to staffs as well as students of the University. Thus, it is considered a potential impact which should be paid attention by the contractor to have suitable construction plan and mitigation measures prior to commencement. Details of mitigation measures is described in the Section of mitigation measures. Table 3.34. University’s staffs and students impacted during the constrution phase Sensitive receptors Description Impacts Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy - Dust, noise and emissions is located in the campus of the Da - Potential labor accidents Nang University Village in Hoa - Impact on learning activities of Quy ward. students Area of the existing building is - Traffic safety risk when students 2 28,000 m ; 1 building with 4 come to class storeys and auxiliary works for - Potential risk of damage to the study and teaching activities. Faculty of Medicine and building when the construction Pharmacy - Number of students, lectures and equipment and transport officers: about 1,000 people. vehicles operate - Dust, noise and emissions - The College is located in the - Potential labor accidents campus of the Da Nang University Village in Hoa Quy ward. - Impact on learning activities of students - It has an area of 42,000 m2; there are 3 building of 5 storeys and - Traffic safety risk when students auxiliary works for study and come to class teaching activities. - Potential risk of damage to the College of Information - Number of students, lectures and building when the construction Technology officers: about 1,500 people. equipment and transport vehicles operate

Final Report 130 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Sensitive receptors Description Impacts - The dormitory is located in the - Dust, noise and emissions campus of Da Nang University - Potential labor accidents Village in Hoa Quy ward, - Impact on learning activities of bordering Korea – Vietnam students Friendship Information Technology College - Traffic safety risk when students come to class - The existing area is 30,000 m2 with 02 buildings of 05 storeys and - Potential risk of damage to the Student Dormitory completed infrastructure. building when the construction equipment and transport - The number of students/officers vehicles operate is around 1,500 to 2,000 people.

3.2.3. Potential adverse impacts during operation phase Social benefits in the operation phase The subproject will bring about social benefits: (i) Identify the scientific HR supply and demand sources for the country; (ii) Harmonize of scientific and technical education system that is consistent with the traditional education and regional and international standards; (iii) Training for graduated officers and experts; (iv) Improve and increase the role of scientific and technological application; (v) Satisfy the living conditions for Vietnamese people – these are the key objectives in social development in the future. Apart from social positive impacts, once the UD subproject comes into operation, it will bring about positive impacts on environment: (i) form a university urban geology area with green space and creative area, etc. creating positive academic climate for students and lecturers of the University; (ii) Increase the coverage of green trees within the University campus; (iii) invest high-end infrastructure with water, wastewater, solid waste collection system in accordance with the standards; (iv) have environmental friendly structures with the purpose of using green energy and energy saving. Beside the potential positive impacts discussed above, the operation of the proposed works may also result in the following negative impacts and riks duing operation phase: 3.2.3.1. Generic Operation Impacts a. Dust and exhaust gases ➢ Dust and emissions from traffics going in/out the University Dust and emissions are generated from the operation of vehicles to the University for study and researches. Because the number of officers and students will rise (according to forecast until 2035) up to 16,700 people (including about 15,500 students and 1,200 officers/lecturers), there are a large number of vehicles (mainly motorbike and car). As the vehicles run by diesel, the exhaust gases mainly area NO2, CO, CO2, SO2 and dust that directly affects students, lecturers and officers. These impacts are long lasting but can be mitigated. ➢ Emissions from power generators According to the approved plan, the orientation of electricity supply for the University of Danang is the source of electricity taken from the 100kV E13 station through the 22kV line running along Tran Dai Nghia street. On the 22 kv line, the stations will be built to supply 22 kV to the transformer stations which will be arranged for each university campus. Arranging 22/0.4kV transformer stations for loads of working blocks or lecture halls, multi-purpose houses, green parks, traffic lighting, ... Accordingly, each zone is expected university will be

Final Report 131 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

installed 01 transformer station with capacity from 630 kVA to 1000 kVA. The location of the substation will have to ensure a safe distance according to the regulations, be convenient for the arrangement of the wiring system, repair and maintenance. For power backup, it is expected to install 01 electric generators for each UD subproject's work item with a capacity of 250 kVA to 400 kVA at each location of substations. The generator is only used in urgent cases when electricity is cut off; therefore the operation time is not much, and the impact due to exhaust gas is negligible. As the generators using DO fuel that will emit pollutants: ust, SOx, NOx, CO and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), etc. Based on the emission coefficient according to the method of rapid assessment by WHO and specifications of the generator, it can estimate the pollution load due to the operation of the backup generators as follows: - Normally, the consumed fuel volume to generate 10KVA of electricity is about 1kg of DO. With the backup generator for 6 member universites/buildings of 1650 KVA capacity, when running, fuel consumption is estimated at 165 kg of DO/hour. - The amount of exhaust gas when burning 1kg of DO is 20m3 (converted into 200C). Thus, the exhaust gas of member universites/building's generator will be 3,300 m3 per hour. Table 3.35. Load of pollutants in exhaust gas from the backup generator QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT Load Concentration Coefficient (mg/Nm3), Pollutants 3 (kg/ton) (kg/h) (mg/Nm ) collume B Kp = 1, Kv = 0,6 Dust 0.71 0.04 35.5 120

SO2 20*S 0.25 250.0 300

NO2 9.62 0.48 481.0 510 CO 2.19 0.11 109.5 600 THC 0.791 0.04 39.6 - (Source: Assessment from air, water and land pollution sources, WHO, 1993) Note: S is the sulfur concentration in DO, S = 0,25%; Nm3: The gas volume converted into standard conditions; QCVN 19:2009/BTNMT- National Technical Regulation on industrial emissions of dust and inorganic substances. Column B applies to operation entities from the date of January 16, 2007. Comment: Comparing the concentration of pollutants in the exhaust gas according to QCVN19: 2009/BTNM, it can see that the indicators of dust, CO, NOx, and SO2 are at permitted limit. The load is very small, so that the emission through the chimney can reduce the impact from the backup generator. Besides, as the low frequency of power outage, the pollution load is insignificant. Officers, students, lecturers and students studying, researching and teaching in the subproject buildings will be directly affected (it is estimated that about one-third of the students/lecturers of the schools will participate in learning and teaching at each class, equivalent to about 5,000 people). However, the tent are minimized thanks to mitigation measures. ➢ Noise, vibration

Final Report 132 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The most typical noise source in the universities are: (i) Operation of generators in the case of national grid disconnect; (ii) Activities of vehicles (motorcycles, cargo vehicles, school supplies, cars...); (iii) Operation of machinery and equipment for buildings (pumps, exhaust fans, air blowers, computers, etc.); (iv) Activities of students, lecturers in the universities. Except for generator and blower sources, the above noise sources have low noise level and practically, they do not influence inside environment in the UD as well as the surrounding environment. As for noise sources from generators and air blowers which running time is very little (only operate when grid electricity disconnect) but they have potential high noise impact, not only influence university’s environment but also spread to the surrounding areas. Noise level will decrease flowing to the propagation distance to central generation sources. Table 3.36. Noise level of major devices in the UD (dBA) Name of device Noise level in Noise level in Noise level in QCVN the distance of the distance of the distance of 26:2010/BTNMT 30m 50m 100m Generator 85.6 – 87.5 68.3 – 76.4 60.3 – 62.5 70 (From 06h- 21h) Air blower 73.0 – 75.1 63.2 – 68.4 54.3 – 56.7 In general, the impact of noise and vibration during the operation of universities is minor, because, most of machines and equipment operating has low vibration level, and vibration level mainly arises from backup generators but these machines are located in distinct areas/ warehouses, insulated noise and vibration, so the impact level is low and can mitigate it. b. Wastewater ➢ Domestic wastewater Domestic wastewater is generated from studying and working activities of students, lecturers in the University. Once the project comes into use, there will be 16,700 students, lecturers in total. As the standard TCVN 4474-87 (internal drainage), the standard wastewater volume for an individual is 20 l/person.day, therefore, the total domestic wastewater calculated is: 16,700 x 20 = 334 m³/day. Domestic wastewater contains residues, suspended solids (SS), organic compounds (BOD, COD), nutrients (N, P) and bacteria. When being released, the wastewater will cause environmental pollution unless mitigation measures are taken. The Nutrients (N,P) will cause eutrophication of water that affect the quality of surface water. Because the students only take a class half of the day, the wastewater mainly urine, washing water; the manure contained waste volume is lower than that of the residential area. All domestic wastewater from septic tanks is also connected with the city drainage system and then treated by Hoa Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. The connection agreement record from Da Nang DOC by the Letter No.2951/SXD-QLHT for connection of transport, internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang subproject to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road), see the annex. Thus the impact is assessed to be low and mitigated by measures proposed by the subproject Owner in the mitigation measures to the Project’s specific impacts. ➢ Storm water runoff When the structures are put into use, the ground will be cleared, and storm water is mostly from building roofs, surrounding concrete and asphalt grounds. There are separated storm water collection and drainage systems. Therefore, this volume is not considered as a pollution source

Final Report 133 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

and can be discharged in general drainage system on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road. This impact is inconsiderable. c. Solid waste ➢ Domestic solid waste Domestic solid waste from buildings in the operation phase is inorganic (including scrap paper, newspapers, nylons, etc.) and some other organic solid wastes (mostly food leftovers brought by staffs and students). As calculated, khối lượng phát thải 0,5 kg/người.ngày (CENTEMA - 2002), there are about 16,700 staffs, students and guests each day, therefore the average domestic solid waste generated is 8,35 tons/day. Total volume of solid waste will be collected by Da Nang Urban Environment Company (which is having a contract with the University) everyday. Therefore, this impact is also marginal and can be controlled. In addition, there is also a small amount of hazardous solid waste from the operation of buildings such as light bulbs, toner cartridges / photo, fluorescent light bulbs ... Estimated generation of about 5-6 kg / month. d. Risks in operation phase ➢ Fire and explosion Fire and explosion can be occurred in case of careless of temporary electrical supply system, causing damages on assets and people. The Project Owner will be responsible for taking out firefighting and protection measures, strictly complying with the measures to prevention of leaking and fire and explosion because the events can happen any time. However, the risks can be minimized by trainings and providing students, lecturers, officers with knowledge about firefighting. ➢ Electric explosion and short-circuit The University is in need of huge electricity demand for studying, especially operation of machines used in the labs or practical rooms. Thus, potential risks of electricity insecurity is likely to happen while materials used in the labs are combustible such as papers, tables, chairs, books, chemicals, etc. Fire prevention is always prioritized by the University leadership. This impact is assessed as minor and mitigable. 3.2.3.2. Site-specific Impacts in operation phase A. Environmental impacts ➢ Odor generation When the buildings are put into use, many people will gather here for working and studying. Therefore, toilets may cause risks to the environment if they are not regularly cleaned and managed. Toilets without regular cleaning will generate hazardous gases (H2S, NH3,..) and cause stinks and also increase development of mosquitoes, flies and diseases, which has impacts on air environment, and health of teachers, students, and guests. In addition, the odor of organic waste decomposes from the domestic waste collection area and the local wastewater treatment area of the Technopole building. The odor from these areas arises mainly from anaerobic decomposition process, including toxic gases such as H2S, Mercaptane, CO2, CH4, ... In particular, H2S and Mercaptane are the main odors, while CH4 It is a flammable substance if it accumulates in a certain concentration. These contaminants can

Final Report 134 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

affect the health of on-site employees. Although the amount of the chemicals are toxic is not too large which will affect people's health without appropriate mitigation measures. However, for the current structures, the University is hiring staffs who are in charge of cleaning inside the campus, lecture halls and also toilets. Therefore, the impacts are minor. ➢ Laboratory wastewater The experiment activities of 2/4 buildings in terms of Life Science Laboratory (gene technology, Animal and Plant cell technology, Microbiology Technology, Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Technology and natural compounds) will generate wastewater from microbial, physicochemistry experiments and Renewable Energy - Biology - Environment Laboratory will generate wastewater from physicochemistry experiments. With the practices of 8,000 students (1/3 students as the design scale of the UD subproject), the average wastewater volume in a day is approximately 5l/student/week (7days). That mean the total volume of wastewater is (5 x 8,000):7 = 5,7m³/day. The component, contents and concentration of lab wastewater is different that depends on the testing frequency, quantity, type and purposes. The main contents within the labs wastewater is heavy metal and oxidants, microorganisms (some types of bacteria and molds such as Staphylococus Aureus, Staphylococus Sarcina...) |, gas arises mainly from Acid and Bases such as (NaOH, H2SO4), organic substances (COD, BOD, N, P, ...)Wastewater from the labs will directly affect the testers and instructors. These impacts are long-lasting and continuously but the are mitigable by lab wastewater treatment system of Technopole center. The treated wastewater will satisfy the QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B before discharging into the common drainage culverts of the University of Da Nang on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, then connect to with the city drainage system and then treated by Hoa Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. The connection agreement record from Da Nang DOC by the Letter No.2951/SXD-QLHT for connection of transport, internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang subproject to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road), see the annex. ➢ Hazardous waste Hazadous wastes from the buildings activity such as printer cartridges, greasy rags from the manufacture or maintenance of equipment, fluorescent lighting, etc., Especialy, the practicing process of lab and research institute: 3/4 in terms of (i) Renewable Energy Technology - Biology - Environment and (ii) Life Science (gene technology, Animal and Plant cell technology, Microbiology Technology, Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Technology and natural compounds); (iii) Mechatronics Technology - Automation - Automatic Control. Based on the actual activities of the exiting Institute and center of the University of Da Nang, hazardous solid wastes comprise of: No. Fields of experiments Hazardous waste generated Estimated amount (kg/month) 1 Renewable Energy Technology - Circuit board, capacitor, 1-2 Biology - Environment electronic circuit board 2 Gene, Animal and plant cell Chemical waste, chemical- 3-5 technology, Microbiology, containing bags/jars; Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Damaged experimental products, which contain

Final Report 135 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

technology and natural chemicals or pathogenic compounds microorganisms; Experimental chemicals have expired. 3 Mechatronics - Automation - Circuit board, capacitor, 1-2 Automatic control electronic circuit board 4 Other activities from all buildings Printer cartridges, Greasy rags 5-6 from the manufacture or maintenance of equipment, Fluorescent lighting, etc. The estimated volume of hazardous waste is about 10-15kg/month. The properties of the above hazardous waste types are classified and described according to the list of hazardous wastes by Circular No. 36/2015 / TT-BTNMT of June 30, 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on hazardous waste t management. Details are in the following table. Table 3.37. Classification of hazardous waste types Code Type of waste Hazardousness Waste generated from laboratories: 020101 Waste sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid AM, OH, Đ, ĐS 020102 Waste hydrochloric acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020103 Waste hydrofluoric acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020104 Phosphoric acid, waste phosphor acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020105 Waste Nitric acid, nitrous acid AM, N, OH, Đ, ĐS 020106 Other types of waste acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020201 Sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, AM, Đ, ĐS potassium hydroxide waste and residue containing sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide 020202 Other types of waste bases AM, Đ, ĐS 020302 Waste iron-based salt and salt solution Đ, ĐS 020303 Waste heavy metal-based oxides Đ, ĐS 020403 Waste has other heavy metals Đ, ĐS 020501 Sludge contains hazardous components from the Đ, ĐS wastewater treatment process 070101 Waste cleaning acid AM 070102 Other types of waste acid AM 070103 Waste cleaning base AM Hazardous medical waste 130101 Infectious substance LN 130102 Chemical waste includes or contains hazardous Đ, ĐS ingredients 130103 Waste cell-harmful pharmaceutical products Đ

170601 Waste greases, lubricants, refrigerant C, Đ, ĐS

170602 Waste fuel and oil C, Đ, ĐS 180201 Greasy rags Đ, ĐS 160113 Electronic and electrical waste Đ, ĐS 160112 Waste batteries and accumulators Đ, ĐS, AM 160105 Insect sprayers, bottles for chemicals Đ, ĐS

Final Report 136 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Code Type of waste Hazardousness Waste generated from laboratories: 020101 Waste sulfuric acid, sulfurous acid AM, OH, Đ, ĐS 020102 Waste hydrochloric acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020103 Waste hydrofluoric acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020104 Phosphoric acid, waste phosphor acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020105 Waste Nitric acid, nitrous acid AM, N, OH, Đ, ĐS 020106 Other types of waste acid AM, Đ, ĐS 020201 Sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, AM, Đ, ĐS potassium hydroxide waste and residue containing sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide 020202 Other types of waste bases AM, Đ, ĐS 020302 Waste iron-based salt and salt solution Đ, ĐS 020303 Waste heavy metal-based oxides Đ, ĐS 020403 Waste has other heavy metals Đ, ĐS 020501 Sludge contains hazardous components from the Đ, ĐS wastewater treatment process 070101 Waste cleaning acid AM 070102 Other types of waste acid AM 070103 Waste cleaning base AM 160106 Failed fluorescent lamp Đ, ĐS Note: Hazardous properties of waste (AM: Corrosive; OH: Oxidation; D: Toxic; DS: Ecotoxicity; N: Explosive; C: Flammable, LN: Infectious) All these wastes must be collected and treated the same as hazardous wastes and only transported and treated under the permission of the competent agencies. Mismanagement of hazardous solid waste will cause negative impacts on environment and diseases, especially infectious diseases through exposure to polluted hazadous waste and air resulting from aforementioned chemical - physical - biological factors. It is assessed as moderate and can be controlled. ➢ Management of laboratories and practical rooms At the laboratories on gene technology, animal and plant cell technology, microbiological technology, nanotechnology, pharmaceutical technology and natural compounds, storage and usage of chemicals is on the regular basis. Therefore, it is likely to have potentials risks on management and chemical usage. Risks are assessed below: - Risk of chemical leak Each Faculty has particular trainings and researches, therefore each lab/practical room is different and so are the chemicals. However, in the list of chemicals recorded, most of them are acids or bases or other mixtures. These chemicals are in solid, liquid and gas states (mostly solid and liquid) and stored in closed bottles. When chemicals are used, gas emitted from the chemical into the air is unavoidable. In addition, practicing/studying mixture of chemicals to create new ones or crushing samples by using chemicals also generates gases into the surrounding environment (acid steam, Clo, H2S, NH3,....). These gases with high concentration will directly make impacts on health of staffs as well as students in the lab. However, this impact can be totally mitigated and eliminated if labs develop management programs and apply detailed prevention measures. These impacts are long-term within the lab operation duration. - Safety risks when using chemicals When using chemicals, safety is prioritized in all labs because if people get direct exposure to

Final Report 137 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

chemicals, they may get burnt, have skin corrosion, and negative impacts on respiratory system, mucosa, etc. Possible unsafety in using chemicals including: ✓ Not using protective equipment when using chemicals (gloves, face masks) leads to direct exposure of chemicals on skin and its steam affecting people’s respiratory system. ✓ Chemicals have low quality, expire or do not have labels and specific instructions, which leads to misuse and have unpredictable chemical reactions. ✓ Careless storage and usage of chemicals leads to breakage and overflow, which causes impacts on environment and health of staffs/students, even can cause fire incidents. ✓ That management of chemicals when not in use does not meet standards and comply with instructions of each chemical kind also changes chemicals and is unsafe for users. ✓ Lack of knowledge and guidance while doing experiments. Generally, impacts listed above depend on conditions and management capacity of labs and are assessed as moderate and long-term. However, these impacts can completely be controlled and mitigated during the operation phase. - Safety in operating machines and equipment Most of the listed devices are generated by electricity and require strict and precise operation procedures. Therefore, if operation of these devices is not ensured, some potential risks may occur such as short circuit, or false of devices leading to false of findings. Therefore, to control this impact, before operation, the University should set up suitable management and usage plans to ensure safety. This impact is assessed as minor. Flammable Hazards: Flammable substances, those that readily catch fire and burn in air, may be solid, liquid, or gaseous. The most common fire hazard in the laboratory is a flammable liquid or the vapor produced from such a liquid. An additional hazard is that a compound can enflame so rapidly that it produces an explosion. Proper use of substances that because fire requires knowledge of their tendencies to vaporize, ignite, or burn under the variety of conditions in the laboratory. Explosive Hazards: An explosive is any chemical compound or mechanical mixture that, when subjected to heat, impact, friction, detonation, or other suitable initiation, undergoes rapid chemical change, evolving large volumes of gases that exert pressure on the surrounding medium. Sharp Edges: Among the most common injuries in laboratories are cuts from broken glass. Cuts can be minimized by the use of correct procedures (e.g., the procedure for inserting glass tubing into rubber stoppers and tubing, which is taught in introductory laboratories), through the appropriate use of protective equipment, and by careful attention to manipulation. Glassware should always be checked for chips and cracks before use and discarded if any are found. Never dispose of glass in the general laboratory trash. It should only be placed in specific glassware disposal bins. This will reduce the chance of anyone changing the trash receiving a cut. Other cut hazards include razors, box cutters, knives, wire cutters, and any other sharp-edged tool. When working with these tools, it is important to wear appropriate eye protection and cut- resistant gloves. Slips, Trips, and Falls: Other common injuries in the laboratory arise from slipping, tripping, or improper lifting. Spills resulting from dropping chemicals not stored in protective rub ber buckets or laboratory carts can be serious because the laboratory worker can fall or slip into the spilled chemical, thereby risking injury from both the fall and exposure to the chemical. Chemical spills resulting from

Final Report 138 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

tripping over bottles of chemicals stored on laboratory floors are part of a general pattern of bad housekeeping that can also lead to serious accidents. Wet floors around ice, dry ice, or liquid nitrogen dispensers can be slippery if the areas are not carpeted and if drops or small puddles are not wiped up as soon as they form. Attempts to retrieve 5-gallon bottles of distilled water, jars of bulk chemicals, and rarely used equipment stored on high shelves often lead to back injuries in laboratory environments. Careful planning of where to store difficult-to-handle equipment and containers (because of weight, shape, or overall size) reduces the incidence of back injuries. Nanomaterials: As with hazardous chemicals, exposures to these materials may occur through inhalation, dermal contact, accidental injection, and ingestion, and the risk increases with duration of exposure and the concentration of nanoparticles in the sample or air. Inhalation presents the greatest exposure hazard. Nanomaterials suspended in a solution or slurry pose a lesser hazard, but because the solutions can dry into a powder, they should be handled with care. Nanomaterials suspended in a solution or slurry present a hazard whenever mechanical energy is imparted to the suspension of slurry. Sonication, shaking, stirring, pouring, or spraying of a suspended nanomaterial can result in an inhalation exposure. Suspensions also represent a dermal exposure potential. Nanoparticles that are fixed within a matrix pose the least hazard as long as no mechanical disruption, such as grinding, cutting, or burning, occur. Nanoparticles can enter the laboratory in a variety of ways. For example, the materials may be imported into the lab for characterizations or be incorporated into a study. Alternatively, they could be created (synthesized) in the lab as part of an experiment. In either case, it is important for laboratory personnel to know about the presence and physical state of the nanomaterial (i.e., powder, in solution, on a solid matrix, or in solid matrix) so they can manage the hazards accordingly. Impacts of microbiological experiments (spread of bacteria, viruses ..): Experimental activities on Life Sciences (Gene Technology, Animal and Plant Cell Technology, Microbiology Technology, Nanotechnology, Pharmaceutical Technology and Natural Compounds), typically on gene, cells, microorganisms shall cultivate a certain number of microorganisms, which can be biological agents spreading bacteria, viruses, etc. if there is no proper management and protection. Therefore, this is a potential risk during experiments, and will directly affect lecturers and practicing students. However, at the experimental level at schools, chosen microorganisms will have genes, cells with high practical applicability and less dangerous than those in related experiments/tests in hospitals or research institutes, so that the hazard and spread of biological agents harmful to humans and the environment will be screened and well controlled. Therefore, the impact level is assessed to be moderate and mitigable. For the remaining test areas in the Technopole, there will be no use of chemicals during the experiment, as a result, no potential impact as mentioned above will arise. OHS and Safety Risks Laboratory is a place for practice, study and research of students, students, lecturers and scientists. however, it is also a particularly dangerous place if the safety rules are not complied with, especially those on fire protection and safety for toxic chemicals and are likely to cause fires. In a chemistry lab, all effects of electrical current on humans are dangerous. Because in addition to electric shock, improper practices of students or researchers may lead to the drop, fall and break of tools, equipment and chemicals. Chemical spills, release of toxic gas, electrical shocks, fires, burnts etc. may also happen during the experiments. Exposure to these cases affect the safety and health of the operators. Therefore, there should be strict regulations for laboratories and monitoring arrangements should be in place.

Final Report 139 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

➢ Risks from the laboratory wastewater treatment plant Failure Chemical Leaks Chlorine will be used for wastewater treatment. Therefore, there is a risk of chlorine leakage from containers or an accident from chemical handling. If chlorine leakage is serious or an accident occurs, it will cause serious pollution of air, soil, water and health hazards for operators and residents. The risk of chlorine leakage and accidents will be controlled by the methods described in Chapter 5. Other Risks and Issues If sewer system is broken or clogged, untreated wastewater will leak on the ground and spill around to contaminate the soil and water. Fire and explosion can occur due to electric shock, lightning ... and damage to people and property. Occupational diseases of operators will also be of concern because they will be exposed to chemicals such as acids, corrosive soda and have health effects if workers are in direct contact. Sludge, if directly exposed, can also cause a number of health risks for workers. 3.2.4. Induced Impacts and Cumulative Impacts ➢ Cumulative impact assessment This section discusses the cumulative impact of the subproject. In this regard, the cumulative impact under consideration is defined as two or more individual affects that, when considered together, are considerable or which compound or increase other environmental impacts. The cumulative impact from several projects result from the incremental impacts of the proposed subproject when added to other closely related, and reasonably foreseeable, future projects. The impacts that do not result in part from the subproject will not be discussed. In this ESIA, it is considered whether the subproject construction and operation may contribute to cumulative impacts on the Valued Environmental and Social Components (VECs) on which other existing or future developments within or nearby the subproject area may also have detrimental effects. According to section I.3. Related Projects and Plans and the University’s Development Master Plan, UD in Hoa Quy - Dien Ngoc (total land area of 300 ha) will be invested through 9 subprojects (or ’ functional areas's project). Study area and research facilities of UD: with a scale of about 60,000 students, 3,364 lecturers by 2035. Expected arrangements for 11 schools have been identified in Development Strategy the University of Da Nang, including: Polytechnic University; University of Economics; University of Pedagogy; University of Foreign Languages Studies; University of Technology and Education; Vietnam - Korea Friendship Information Technology College; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; British University (International University); University of Sciences; University of Law and University of Culture and Tourism. Up to now, after 20 years there have been only 3 universities and faculties built, including: Vietnam - Korea Friendship IT College (under the Ministry of Culture, Communications and Information); Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy - the University of Da Nang and College of Information Technology; and the Dormitory (under the University of Da Nang) with existing 2,177 students and 298 lecturers and a part of infrastructure system. Remaining subproject are being planned. However, due to difficulties in investment capital, according to the assessment at this time, these projects in the above-mentioned preparatory stage will be slower to implement than UD subprojects that borrow from WB. All the planned projects are under management of UD. The subproject description reveals that within the geographical scope of proposed subproject area, with small to medium scales. Under

Final Report 140 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

the cumulative impact definition, the proposed subproject may contribute to cumulative impact on VECs on which these projects are being constructed or planned to be constructed in several next years. According to the results of reviewing the relevant documents and the subproject affected communities and stakeholder consultation combined with field studies, it is identified that the proposed subproject together with the projects that is being constructed or planned to be constructed in several next years may not contribute to a cumulative impact on the air environment. Air pollution may be incremental in the subproject area and more traffic congestion and accident along local roadways may occur due to the current or planned construction of the other projects. Specific analysis of these cumulative impacts on these VECs is as follows: Construction phase Air quality: the air pollution in the subproject area would be expected to be cumulatively impacted as several projects within the geographical scope of the proposed subproject area have been constructing or planned to be constructed in several next years. Regardless of their specific locations within the subproject area, dust and exhaust gases generated from the activities of soil excavation, machine operation and vehicles’ movements from the other projects will contribute to increasing an extent content of dust and toxic gases in the subproject area if mitigation measures for controlling generated dust and gases emission within the standard are not effectively applied. However, the baseline data of air quality in the subproject area showed that the existing air quality in the subproject area is quite good and parameters to be monitored in the air are far below the allowable standard. The impact is considered low and could be managed by the Danang University by application of the mitigation measures in the ESMP to suppress dust and control exhaust gases for the proposed subproject construction. Traffic congestion and accident: The traffic congestion and risk of traffic accident especially on the Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road (Ring road of Da Nang city) has been given in Chapter 3. This road will be mainly used for transporting materials to the subproject construction sites and wastes from the sites to disposal sites. An additional vehicle travel due to the subproject may result in exposing the communities living near the traffic routes to higher risks of traffic congestion and accidents due to construction activities. Besides, within the geographical scope of subproject area, some other projects under the university’s management are being constructed or planned to be constructed in the next years. The cumulative impact on the traffic congestion and accident not only on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road but also on internal roadways especially from Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road to the construction sites would be particularly occurred. The impact is considered moderate and could be managed by the Danang University through application of the traffic management plan proposed in the ESMP to address the traffic congestion and traffic accidents on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road and internal roadways of the proposed subproject construction. Operation phase Water quality: The proposed subproject does not cause any significantly detrimental effects on the water quality during operational activities. All domestic wastewater from septic tanks is also connected with the city drainage system and then treated by Hoa Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. The connection agreement record from Da Nang DOC by the Letter No.2951/SXD-QLHT for connection of transport, internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang subproject to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road). Besides, a small WWTP (estimated about 30- 50m3/day) is constructed to treat laboratory wastewater to meet class B of QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT before discharging to the city drainage system and then also treated by Hoa

Final Report 141 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. The culvert under the SCDP, was calculated for the basin of UD subproject. So, there will be no cumulative impact to this system. ➢ Induced impacts The induced impacts can be, due to induced actions of the project and activities that may occur if the action under assessment is implemented such as growth inducing impacts and other effects related to induced changes to the pattern of future land use or additional road network, population density or growth rate. The internal roads and planned trade and bussiness areas that are located within or surrouding campus after completion may become an attractive place for tourism and entertainment activities of students and local people. This is considered a social benefit brought by the subproject to the community. However, such influx will also induce the following services such as food and drink stores and others to come in the area. A certain amount of garbage and wastewater will be discharged in the area causing the pollution of environment in general. Not only the environment but also the landscape of university will be deteriorated if the university does not have any effective measures to prevent the influx of illegal traders from gathering into the area and proper management of wastes discharged by them and tourism and entertaining activities. In addition, the related businesses such as guesthouses for rend and the following services around the university shall be developed to meet the increased students’ demands. Beside the benefit of local people in terms of economic aspects, the population in such area will increase, which leads to a burden on physical and social infrastructures, waste management, social disturbance and insecurity. To minimize the adverse impact, the university shall cooperate with local authorities at ward and district/ward levels to orient a sustainable socioeconomic development surrounding the subproject area. The impact is considered moderate.

Final Report 142 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

CHAPTER 4. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

4.1. “With” and "Without project" scenario

Challenges existing in the project area are (i) the insufficient traffic system; (ii) Life of people in the project area is facing many difficulties because the suspension plan has been more than 20 years; (iii) Lack of infrastructure, synchronous equipment, focusing on teaching and learning activities of lecturers and students of UD's member universities. Therefore, if the project is not implemented, negative social and environmental issues will exist under the current conditions: - At the present, the project area has an entrance road crossing with Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road in the direction with low visibility, where there is a high population density who are doing business and trading on both sides of the road. If the project is implemented, traffic density and traffic safety risks will increase due to the increasing traffic volume. - The construction of the planned infrastructure facilities for education has the potential to cause environmental pollution, especially waste and wastewater. When the constructions are built and put into operation, the increase in number of people will lead to the increasing demand for domestic water every year, so the amount of wastewater will also increase and put more pressure on the environment. In addition, generation of solid waste from daily activities and hazardous waste from laboratories will also be an arising issue. - Increasing the number of students will implicitly lead to social issues such as issues of security, social security for students, social evils... Comparisons between environmental and social issues related to the choice of “with” or “without” project are described in Table 4.1 below. Table 4.1. Comparing cases of “with” and “without” subproject Social and No. environmental With subproject Without subproject issue When being put into operation, the project will provide a good educational and scientific Currently, the project area does not environment to attract children have any educational and scientific Education from local area and other areas to 1 research facilities so it cannot environment study and work or live and settle develop strongly both human and around Hoa Quy ward and Ngu material resources for this field Hanh Son district. As a result, quality of local human resources will be improved. Urban environmental sanitation Environmental sanitation and quality will be improved, pollution and of life are not guaranteed due to the disease risks related to wastewater lack of a wastewater treatment and environmental sanitation will system. be reduced and qualify of life of 2 Environmental people living in the project area will sanitation be improved. Urban services will also be improved, ensuring aesthetic and sustainable development for UD. Construction and operation of the There is no revenue or investment if 3 Social economy project will generate significant there is no project

Final Report 143 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Social and No. environmental With subproject Without subproject issue revenue for the local budget. It is a premise for the socio-economic sustainable development associated with education and scientific research. However, increasing the number of students will implicitly lead to social issues such as issues of security, social security for students, social evils, ... When the constructions are built Will not be improved because there is and put into operation, the number no development of business activities of people will increase, the local 4 Livelihood people will have the opportunity to sell food and consumer goods, thereby they can have more income for a more stable life Conclusion: The investment for UD development is necessary because the subproject will contribute significantly to national and local socio-economic development and the strategy of global integration of the country. It is concluded that the option of “with subproject” is selected.

4.2. Alternative Analysis

4.2.1. Alternative analysis between traditional design and application of sustainable design for the subproject buildings Normally in Vietnam, the educational facilities have been traditionally designed following the local standards that might be set for the country in the past. Currently, the higher education system of the country has been required to be innovated to keep up with the globally advanced educational system. The requirements have been recently institutionalized through Law on Education, 2012 and the related legislation under Law. The alternatives in the sustainable design of the educational facilities shall be considered against the traditional ones to select the most suitable design model toward the global modernity meeting the international and regional standards. Two options in the design of the educational buildings are proposed to be analyzed including (i) application of the sustainable design and (ii) following the traditional design. The results of alternative analysis are presented in Table 4.2. Table 4.2. Analysis of design alternatives

Final Report 144 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Considerabl Sustainable design Traditional design e issues - The buildings will use national electricity network as the energy sources for lighting, heating, cooling system during operation. This can create a - Optimizing energy use will contribute to burden on the national energy effective use and saving of water and energy, consumption. In addition, currently the reduction of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) national energy sources have been emission, and adaptation to climate change. produced mainly from the hydro power plants and thermal power plants using - Optimize Building Space and Material Use Energy and coal as fossil fuels. Both types of power will reduce the natural resource exploration, material generation plants have been considered contributing to protecting natural ecosystem. contributing to damage to the natural - Purchase cleaning products and supplies that ecosystem and increasing GHG. are resource-efficient, bio-degradable and - Furthermore, traditional design does not reduce waste through source reduction and pay attention to use cleaning products recycling to eliminate off-site disposal. and suppliers or bio-degradable materials because their costs are high. This has resulted in increasing the off - site waste disposal causing harmful to natural ecosystem. - Shorter because the traditional- design does not pay attention much to the - Longer because the sustainable design helps potential negative impact on facility the facilities be tolerant to impacts due to lifespan due to climate change and other climate change through designing and extreme weathers. choosing the construction materials adaptive - In addition, the quality of buildings Life span of to climate change and other extreme applied the traditional design could be works weathers. quickly deteriorated because the - Sustainable design will minimize the system moisture content indoors is not properly failure through training building occupants, controlled leading to a development of facilities managers, and maintenance staff in molds, fungi able to destroy the wall sustainable design principles and methods. surface. Furthermore, the O&M activities are not properly managed through its life cycle. - Normally traditional design does not - Better as sustainable design will pay attention thoroughly analyses the landscape of a to value aesthetics inside and outside the proposed building in terms of the Aesthetics facilities such as the importance of views and structure and shape to be harmonizing the integration of natural and man-made between the features of surrounding elements. nature and man-made elements.

Final Report 145 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Health and safety of students and staff studying and working in the facilities - Traditional design does not focus much especially in laboratories will not be affected on enhancing the environment indoor because of sustainable design as follows: quality of a building during the + With building envelope design that operation. Concretely, it is rare to see a properly manages moisture sources sensor installed indoor to monitor through heating, ventilating, air- automatically the environmental conditioning (HVAC). Such designs will components and control the pollutants, prevent airborne bacteria, mold, and other toxic substances, heating, air- fungi, as well as radon developed inside conditioning to protect health and safety and outside the buildings. of people working inside. Health and + Quality of the environmental components - The issues of prevention, fighting and safety of in doors the facilities will be monitored evacuating due to fire and explosion may students and automatically through test sensor control not be synchronized through the facility staff points to control the effective use of design to the application of mitigation energy, water, waste, temperature, measures during operation, moisture, and ventilation. - Noise and vibration effects from inside + System of fire and explosion prevention and outside activities may not be and fighting as well as evacuation lines for carefully considered during design to people including people with disabilities prevent any occupational diseases for working inside the facilities will be well students and staff. designed. + Noise and vibration levels inside the facilities will be controlled through the use

of sound absorbing material and equipment isolation. - Traditional design may not pay much attention to the condition for improving - Sustainable design will contribute to gender issues, GBV and being improving gender equality; reducing gender convenient for people with disabilities. based violence (GBV) and creating Gender and advantageous conditions for people with - If the educational facilities are designed social with no separate restrooms, pathways equality disabilities through designing the educational facilities with separate restrooms, prioritized prioritized for people with disabilities paths to elevators, car parks for people with and pregnant women and no car parks disabilities and pregnant women. prioritized for them, the opportunities of going to the university for learning and working for them will be limited. - Although, the construction cost must be - In contrast, the construction cost may be Construction higher, the O &M cost must be significantly lower, but the O&M cost will be higher cost, O&M reduced because (i) the work lifespan is because (i) work life cycle is shorter, and cost longer, and (iii) the energies used are taken (ii) the energy used is taken from national from the renewable sources. grid with a higher price.

Final Report 146 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- More effective because of the following reasons: + The number of students especially - Less affective because of the following female students and students with reasons: disabilities may increase. + The traditional design may not + The subproject operation will influence change the quality of learning on the operational mechanism of the space and facilities toward the university members toward a high international and regional autonomy model that is a basis for standards as well as meeting the them to improve the quality of training, advanced demand of students and scientific research and community social and gender equality and services in the southern key economic Socio- democracy within the university. economic region, the central region and the This will not become a good model efficiency central highlands. for sharing with other universities. + The subproject successful model in + This results in not increasing in the higher education will be made into the number of domestic and abroad lessons learned to be shared to the students to enroll for learning and whole higher education sectors in researching, which will be difficult Vietnam. to balance the revenue and + The subproject will contribute to the expenditure toward the autonomy social sustainability through the of finance following the promotion of national economic governmental policy. development as well as the enhancement of the democracy, equality and progress in the society. Conclusion: Based on the above analysis, the option of applying the sustainable designing for the university is selected because of its advantages meeting the demand of learners, researchers and staff and suitability with national development condition and legislation.

Final Report 147 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

CHAPTER 5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

With the potential impacts and risks identified and assessed in Chapter 3, an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) has been prepared in this chapter with the aims of impact prevention and mitigation. Procedures for implementation, monitoring, supervision and reporting are also included in this ESMP together with Capacity building program and cost estimation. This ESMP consists of main contents as follows: - The measures to minimize the potential environmental impacts from Feasibility Study and Detailed Design stage to pre-construction, construction and operation phases together with implementation and supervison responsibilities; - Environmental Monitoring Program; - The subproject Compliance Framework, including environmental and social supervision arrangements, fines applicable to non-compliance; - Capacity building programs; - Cost estimation; and - Grievance Redress mechanism.

5.1. Mitigation measures 5.1.1. Environmental considerations during Pre-FS and FS In the pre-feasibility and feasibility study steps, it is necessary to consider the greenness of the building, also known as green building. Green building is the practice of designing, constructing and operating buildings to: • Use energy, water and other resources efficiently • Reduce waste, pollution and other negative impacts on environment • Maximize occupant health and productivity • Decrease life cycle costs Green building represents one of the most significant solutions and feasible for sustainable growth and environmental protection at both national and global level. Some specific objectives of Green building: ✓ To represent an intelligent approach to energy Green building encourages setting energy goals and target from the start of the project, taking advantages of building site and climate attributes to reduce heating, cooling and lighting loads, integrating landscape design for shading and windbreaks, facilitating the use of public transport, incorporating renewable energy where possible, etc. ✓ To protect water resources Designs need to take into account reduction of water use. Green building tries to reduce water use by using water efficient fittings and fixtures to havest rainwater on the roof and rainwater runoff on the ground. These water can be reused for watering purpose or for fire fighting. ✓ To reduce waste and pollution Waste minimization requires careful planning throughout the design, build and occupancy phases. Green building minimizes negative impacts on the environment by “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle” strategies. For example, by reducing impervious area, we reduce stormwater runoff and reduce surface temperature. Reusing previously developed sites or existing structures is

Final Report 148 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

one of the best ways to limit the negative impacts of development. And certainly, there are a myriad of opportunities for recycled materials use in site development. ✓ To ensure health and well-being of all users of the building Green building emphasizes on providing adequate supply of fresh air throughout the building premises, which is achieved by good ventilation which maintains high indoor air quality, and avoidance of materials and chemicals that can cause emissions of harmful gases. It encourages extensive use of natural light to illuminate rooms and makes sure that their occupants have a nice view of the surrounding environment, which not only provides the building users with great amount of comfort and a possibility to enjoy the surroundings, but also reduces the need for artificial room lighting. It is a design that “appeals to both eyes and ears”. In fact, when it comes to schools, health care institutions, private homes and workplaces, acoustics and sound insulation play an important role in providing an ambiance that is good for concentration, recovery as well as for enjoying work and spending time in one’s own home. Green building encourages the use of passive cooling through proper use of shading and natural ventilation, or simple but effective equipment such as ceiling fans. ✓ To keep landscape green Particular attention is paid to site selection, preservation of existing vegetation or the addition of vegetated area during green building design. Vegetation can reduce heating and cooling needs, clean the air and reduce heat island effects, among other benefits. ✓ To connect community As early as at the design stage of a building, thought is given to shortening the distance between people’s homes and workplaces or other social locations, which results in a reduced environmental impact of personal vehicles as well as of road and rail traffic in general. Green building encourages the use of environmentally friendly means of transport, such as bicycles and other green transport modes. ✓ To optimize the cost over the building’s entire lifecycle Green building considers costs over the entire life of the building, whereas conventional building is often focused on initial design and construction costs. For the Vietnam National Universities Development Project – Da Nang sub-project, the following criteria can be applied in the preparation of pre-feasibility and feasibility studies to improve efficiency. results of the project: Criteria 1: Reasonable land use planning and ensuring necessary green spaces The plan must respect the natural ecological clown, create green spaces and water surface, so that users, visitors can see clear blue sky, clean water and access to other green areas within the shortest distance while they are traveling on the unconcretized space in the project area. The greenery system enhances the landscape aesthetics, creating a mellow feeling of the colors and climate environment in the project area, enhancing the aesthetic value of the architectural works. Construction works should comply with regulations on construction density and land use efficiency. Criteria 2: Green building New buildings should be oriented to: - Green the building and ground with greenery vegetation and grassland; plant trees in the building area, biodiversify courtyards, terraces and mezzanines of works, preventing glare from glass surfaces...;

Final Report 149 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Save and rationally use energy: minimize energy consumption in the layout of architectural space of buildings, in designing of covering structures (insulating, avoiding sunlight, construction materials), take advantage of natural light, natural ventilation, energy saving for air-conditioning systems and artificial lighting systems, cooling system, use renewable energy (solar power supply, energy wind, solar water heating, ...); - Save water: efficiently consume water, reuse waste ater for washing and watering plants, storing and using rainwater; - Minimize the project's waste sources (exhaust gas, wastewater, solid waste), waste from the the operation phase; - Ensure the quality of indoor air environment, ensure fresh air exchange coefficient, meeting hygiene requirements; no vibration, noise; indoor surface is not condensated or wet, material is not moldy, sanitary works meet environmental standards, ensuring health and comfort. Criteria 3: Green transport - Planning space, arranging a reasonable working area to reduce travel needs of users; - Planning the technical infrastructure system of transport and communications to meet the travel needs of users. - Development of public transport (buses, trams,...) connecting the subproject areas; facilitate people to ride or walk (vehciles, cars cause air pollution per capita 15-20 times higher than traveling by bus). Criteria 4: Completing the system of collection, treatment, recycling, and reuse of wastes (wastewater, solid waste and exhaust gas) - Ensure 100% of daily-life solid waste and hazardous waste generated in the subproject area are collected, classified, safely transported, recycled, reused and treated in accordance with safe techniques environmental sanitation; - Good management of surface water drainage and drainage systems in the subproject area; build rainwater collection system, treatment and reuse system of domestic wastewater to use for road cleaning, watering plants...; - The streets and sidewalks of the subproject area are regularly kept clean, watered and washed in hot and dry days. ✓ Technical aspect and climate co-benefit The project shall include/consider climate co-benefits design/activities such as (i) Consider to adopt green/environmental friendly design/technology/equipment, for instance lighting, cooling/ventilation, solar PV, etc and (ii) Adopt/deliver training course/research on environment, renewable energy and efficient utility of energy. Possible Actions under the subproject: - Energy efficiency improvements in existing and greenfield buildings: Energy and resource efficiency improvements in existing industrial, commercial (including warehouses), public, and residential buildings Leading to Energy savings, water savings, increased consumption of renewable energy, and/or reduction of material consumption. - Green Buildings for greenfield buildings: Use of highly efficient architectural designs, energy-efficient appliances and equipment, and building techniques that reduce the energy consumption of buildings, exceeding available standards and complying with high energy efficiency certification or rating schemes. - Institutional Capacity and Project Management. For UD subproject, the climate co-benefits consider below:

Final Report 150 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Component/Activity Potential linkage to climate change co-benefits types Component 1. Quality of Adaptation: Not applicable Teaching and Learning Mitigation: Construct or retrofit education facilities could provide climate co-benefit by integrating renewable energy and application of more energy-efficient design/appliance than the prevalent standard in the area (e.g., conducting energy audits, installing solar panels, using energy-efficient appliances and equipment). Renewable energy (RE): Roof-top solar PV is a financially viable investment. The PV would reduce fossil fuel-based energy thus creates climate change co-benefit. It would also enhance the electricity services quality, reduce the university electricity bills and generate additional income. Energy efficiency (EE): Application of highly efficient architectural designs, energy efficient appliances, purchase of equipment that is low carbon in manufacture and energy efficient in operation, modern and efficient water supply and treatment, and building techniques that reduce building energy consumption, exceeding available standards and complying with high energy efficiency certification or rating schemes. Component 2. Research Adaptation: (i) Integrate content on climate change adaptation in Excellence and curriculum (education about growing climate change issues, changing Technology Transfer patterns of rain and floods, emergency responses to cyclones, floods).; and (ii) research grants for technologies, processes, or policies contributing to climate change adaptation (e.g., hydrometeorological risk analysis, agroclimatology). Mitigation: (i) Promotion of RE and EE; (ii) Include content on climate change mitigation (e.g., GHG reduction) in curriculum; and (iii) (ii) research grants for technologies, processes, or policies contributing to climate change mitigation (e.g., agroforestry, carbon sequestration). Component 3. Adaptation: Require IT vendors to ensure preparation of disaster Institutional Capacity and recovery plans to mitigate potential climate and natural disaster risks, Project Management: and to conduct training on emergencies for the system operators.

5.1.2. Mitigation measures to be incorporated into detail design Some measures that can be incorporated into the detailed design to ensure environmental friendliness and adaptation to climate change are given below: • Minimizing consumption of artificial energy sources, make use of natural and renewable energy sources. • Saving water demand, taking advantage of water sources like rainwater, reusing wastewater. • Using environmentally friendly materials, renewable fuels. • Using “design for all” which has arrangement of access for people with disabilities from the roadway to the sidewalk, from the yard into the buildings. Arrange handrails for people who have disabilities. • Aiming for protection of ecological resources, minimizing the negative impacts of building construction on the surrounding ecosystem, conserving biodiversity, developing vegetation, planting trees on roofs or other floor.

Final Report 151 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

• Minimizing waste and environmental pollution, reducing the discharge of wastewater, solid waste, emissions, encourage recycling and reuse solutions during construction and operation. • Ensuring comfort and health, indoor air quality, thermal comfort, microclimate, light comfort, noise and vibration comfort. • Green building standards raise the ability to adapt and mitigate natural disasters, the ability to prevent flooding, ensure the sustainability of the building. • Ensuring the project does not cause heat island effect, encourages commuting by bicycle and uses public transport, makes use of local materials, reduces transportation demand. • Easily connect the community, consult with the community when investing in project construction, connect utilities, infrastructure and available services, community service space and full facilities for everybody. • Ensuring the optimization of most management activities during the design phase, construction and operation phases, encouraging the application of additional environmental management systems. • Encourage initiatives that benefit the environment in addition of the above requirements. Building envelope Building envelope including exterior wall, roof, glass, natural ventilation... is considered as the inside and outside boundary of the building, which have attributes to take advantage of natural light and shading, and natural vents for entry control. In the past, the building envelope simply consisted of sunshades that could be opened and closed manually or automatically to improve the quality of shading, lighting and ventilation inside the building, or added by passive design solutions using solar energy. Currently, the building envelope is more complex, consisting of many layers with many functions and integrated with other technical systems (such as building control systems) to minimize energy use and be more eco-friendly. This is considered an inevitable direction to green architecture, including some typical building envelope as follows: • Green building envelope: The solutions to green streets, roofs and exterior of the building are also a trend to improve the living environment and increase the effective green area. The building envelope covered with greenery reduces urban heat island, minimizing the formation of storms due to the difference in temperature between areas, cooling the building. This is a tendency of the building envelope which is natural, low cost and technology and only need to choose appropriate trees for the architectural design of the building. Attention should also be paid to solution for maintenance of green envelope for the building to remain their function and architectural aesthetics. • Building envelope with integrated environmental technology: The building envelope merely connects one, or several technologies, but has no connection to other building systems. The building envelope can generate energy, collect rainwater, and absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). Some examples are: Residential buildings in Albstadt (Germany) use solar panels attached to sunshades in the building envelope, or similar houses in Switzerland using sunlight reflectors and PCM materials for energy storage. • Climate-adaptive building envelope: The climate-adaptive envelope takes full advantage of natural ventilation, and also maximizes mechanical ventilation, in order to create better indoor microclimate while minimizing energy consumption. • Energy-efficient glass cover: With an energy-efficient glass cover, it will help buildings avoid the radiation of sunlight and also save the electricity used by the air conditioner

Final Report 152 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

which can cause a loss of cooling heat from inside room to outside. In addition, to save heating energy when the energy from the inside is not diffused into the outside environment. System for rainwater harvesting and reuse Rain falling from upstream will flow on the surface through cities, rivers, or infiltrate into groundwater; and eventually flow into the sea. Initial clean rainwater will be contaminated when moving on the surface. The degree of contamination depends on the distance the rainwater moves after touching the ground and the time it touches the surface. The farther the distance traveled, the greater the contamination. Based on the principle of the distance traveled, the rain on the roof has a distance of almost zero; Therefore, rainwater on the roof is of the best quality compared to surface rainwater. If rainwater on the roof is collected with good technology, we can easily treat it to the standards of the quality of drinking water according to WHO standards or standards of drinking water supply of Vietnam. By simple techniques, we can effectively increase the quality of collected rainwater such as the application of natural technologies: gravity technology and bio-film, etc., right in the rainwater storage tank. Some advanced technologies can be applied to improve the quality of rainwater such as sediment removal technology, first flush, solar disinfection, or floating rainwater transport model. 5.1.3. Measures to address the impacts of land acquisition and resettlement During project preparation, the resettlement consultant and Da Nang University have worked together prepare RAP. This resettlement action plan includes results of the preliminary inventory of loss, socio-economic survey, entitlement of the affected people and assessment on project positive and negative effects. The plan also refers to resettlement options, livelihood restoration program, consultations and participation of stakeholders, grievance redress mechanism, and implementation of the resettlement plan, monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of resettlement planas well as cost for implementation of the RAP. The estimated cost for implementing the Resettlement Plan is VND 1,221,758,842,871 (One thousand and two hundred and thwenty one billions, seven hundred fivety eight million, eight hundred and fourty two thousand, eight hundred and seven one Vietnamese dongs). This amount includes budget for compensation, assistance, implementation of livelihood restoration program, replacement cost survey, monitoring and implementation. Below is a breakdown of cost.

Final Report 153 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 5.1. Cost estimation for resettlement implementation plan of Da Nang subproject No. Items Cost

I Compenstation 1,194,181,218,501

1 Residential land 808,375,800,000 2 Agricultural land 8,504,979,000 3 Housing 151,800,000,000 4 Architectural structures 36,066,124,730 5 Trees and crops 14,510,271,800 6 Displacement support 1,404,000,000 7 Support livehood stabilization 3,936,240,000 8 Policy support 450,000,000 9 Graves 6,150,000,000 Support per household (on average 50 10 23,400,000,000 million/household) 11 Contingency 10% 139,583,802,971

II Others 38,183,273,603

Site clearance implementation (2% of compensation 1 23,883,624,370 and support fund)

2 Cost for eplacement survey 500,000,000 Cost for implementation of the Income Restoration 3 1,694,000,000 Program 4 Independent monitoring 1,500,000,000 TOTAL 1,221,758,842,871 (Source: Resettlement Plan, Jan 2020) Compensation and support for affected households will be based on the following main principles: - All affected people having assets in or residing within the subproject area before the cut- off date are compensated for the damage. Those who lose income and/or livelihood will be assisted to restore their livelihoods based on the eligibility criteria defined by the project in consultation with the project affected persons. If by the end of the subproject, livelihoods have been shown not being restored as before the subproject level, additional measures will be provided. - Compensation cost for agricultural land: At present, Da Nang city has no longer agricultural land fund to compensate for the households with affected agricultural land under the land-to-land mechanism, so all these households will be compensated in cash at 100% replacement cost. - Housing construction costs: Houses/structures of affected households regardless of legal status will be compensated by 100% of replacement cost if built before the cut-off date. For houses and structures that are partially dismantled and the remaining unqualified places will be compensated for the whole house at the replacement cost (in this case, it is specifically determined by the Compensation Council), for the structure/house is partially

Final Report 154 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

dismantled but the remaining is eligible to stay, apart from the compensation value for the dismantled area, the affected persons will be supported an additional 30% of the value of the dismantled part to restore the previous status or improve it better. The replacement cost is calculated for rebuilding new house/structure excluding the depreciation and a deduction for reused materials. - Compensation for trees and crops: compensation in cash will be applied at replacement cost. - Income restoration program: There will be 468 households participating in the Program. In order to identify people’s demands for support, the Consultant carried out a survey to assess people’s need for an appropriate income restoration program. People’s needs/demands will be updated at the time of implementation to help the Program achieve its goals. Estimated budget for the Income restoration program is VND 1,694,000,000 including training, seminar, management, and supervision and evaluation costs. Activities of the program including (i) Establishment of a savings and loan team using the National employment fund; (ii) Support for access to loans for business operation; (iii) Support for vocational training; (iv) Provision of information and job placement and (v) Support for business registration. Details are included in the Resettlement Action Report of Da Nang University Subproject. Mitigation measure for grave relocation There are about 1,500 graves which will need to be relocated for construction of the university. Da Nang city has had a plan for relocation of all graves in Ngu Hanh Son district to a centralized cemetery in Hoa Ninh commune which is 20km from the city. To implement this plan, the city has consulted with people and published information about the cemetery. In May 2019, Ngu Hanh Son District People's Committee together with Department of Labor, Invalids and Social Affairs invited affected households to visit the cemetery in Hoa Ninh. Almost all affected households had agreed with the Some out of 1500 graves to be relocated new place after visited. Accordingly, the relocation of graves will be done on the basis of full consultation with the affected households to meet their customs and habits regarding to relocation of graves. Compensation payment for affected graves includes full costs associated with a) land for reburial, b) excavation, c) relocation, d) reburial, e) construction of new tombs, and f) other reasonable related costs which are necessary to meet local customs and habits. In case owners of the affected graves could not be identified, public announcement have to be made (on TV, popular newspaper) for a number of times to look for the grave owners. Within a reasonable time, if grave owners could not show up, the relocation of graves should be done by a specialized unit. The geographical location and status of the graves (with photos taken in details), the procedure of grave relocation, and the new location of the graves have to be documented carefully for the owner’s use at a later time. During implementation the Subproject Owner will make early announce to the households whose graves are affected so that they can arrange their embodiment in consistence with the spiritual practices of the people and compensate to the affected household as required in the subproject RAP and ESMP for the subproject. The table below presents mitigation measures to address potential negative environmental and social impacts during pre-construction.

Final Report 155 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 5.2. Mitigation measures during pre-construction phase Environmental and social Responsibilities Mitigation measures impacts Implementation Supervision Impacts of Land Acquisition PMU, City ISMC and Resettlement Implementation of approved RP in accordance with its provision People's Committee UXO can affect health and Unexploded bombs and mines will be searched for removal right after completing the safety of workers, students compensation for site clearance and before carrying out the levelling of the site. This is and staff, and local people required to be made prior to the construction of 70ha land area for UD subproject. The PMU/contracted subproject owners must contract with a competent military agency to clear all UXO to competent UD the depth of five meters from the ground surface of the construction sites. The detailed military unit plan for removal of UXO should be disclosed and informed to local people, the university staff and students in the affected area in a timely manner before UXO clearance starts. Environmental and social Demolition of Existing Infrastructures Contractor PMU, CSC, IEMC impacts and risks from Clearance process including the following activities: Demolition of existing structures demolition of existing such as houses, fences; cut down trees, removing weed. Number of house demolition is infrastructures 419 units; cut down 4,500 trees and removing grasses, reeds.... General impacts such emissions, dust, solid waste, wastewater, noise, vibration, occupational accident risks will be reduced through the application of Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) below, like in the construction phase. The following measures shall be implemented in order to protect workers and the public from falling debris and flying objects: - Carefully check the building to ensure no one is in it and cut off the electric power systems before dismantling - Do roadblocks created a safe distance around the building before dismantling - Apply spacing dismantling construction safety if wall collapse without causing the accident - Apply a safe dismantling measures, such as using grab, removed from the top down - Water to reduce dust during dismantling - Appoint guardian during dismantling - Conduct proper training to all workers, make better assignment of responsibility and proper planning prior to job execution

Final Report 156 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Environmental and social Responsibilities Mitigation measures impacts Implementation Supervision - All safety requirements must be followed and make ensure that all parties involved adhere to the quality standards of the demolition process. Remove existing electric poles/power lines Site clearance process shall remove/relocate electric poles and power lines in residential areas along existing Luu Quang Vu road insite the university village. This may cause risks of electric shock, electrical accidents if there are no measures to ensure electrical safety. Following measures will be taken to ensure safety: - PMU will carry out legal procedures and sign contracts with functional units to remove the existing power supply system. - Contact and coordinate with local power management units to prepare a plant of power cut and to notify the local community at least 2 weeks in advance. - Perform power cut and prevent wrong power connection to workplace such as: lock the disconnector actuator set, release circuit fuses, lock pneumatic valves, etc. - Set up sign of "No power connection! People are working" at the disconnector actuator set, sign of "No valve release! People are working" at on the pneumatic valve and put a barrier if necessary. - Matching ground wire mobile to ground. Checking that there is no electricity left at the equipment section will carry out the work and proceed to earth. - Set mobile earthing wires on the ground. Check to ensure no electricity in the equipment before working and perform earthing. - Set up barriers to separate workplaces and hang signs of electrical safety according to current standards. No barrier is needed in case of complete power cut. Temporary barriers can be made of wood, insulating materials, etc. and must be dry and firm. - Equip workers with protective equipment to participate in removing/relocation of electric poles and power lines.

Final Report 157 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

5.1.4. Measures to be Implemented During Construction Phase Below are the mitigation measures to be implemented during the construction phase of the project and presented by Category: ➢ General mitigation measures presented as ECOP (Environmental Codes of Practice). ECOP will be applied to all bid packages by the contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant (or Engineer). ➢ Mitigation measure applicable to specific types of activities to be carried out; and Site- specific mitigation measures to address site-specific potential impacts and risks Bidding documents and construction contracts of each bid package will include the entire ECOP and specific mitigation measures by type of construction activity and location consistent with the work content in the bid package. The contractors will be required to prepare Site Environmental and Social Management Plan (C-ESMP) and submit to the Construction Supervision Consultant and the Project Management Unit (PMU) for review and approval at least two weeks prior to construction commencement. 5.1.4.1. Generic impact mitigation measures Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP) As part of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the subproject these general measures have been translated into a standard environmental specification to be incorporated into bidding and contract documents. These are referred to as Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOP), and will be applied to mitigate typical impacts of the subproject’s civil works under Component 1, 2. The ECOP describes typical requirements to be undertaken by contractors and supervised by the construction supervision consultant during construction. The ECOPs will be incorporated into the bidding and contract documents (BD/CD) annexes. The measures identify typical mitigation measures for the following aspects: 1. Dust generation, emission, noise and vibration 2. Wastewater management 3. Solid waste management 4. Hazardous waste management 5. Water quality reduction 6. Plants species 7. Urban landscape and aesthetic impacts 8. Sedimentation and flooding, subsidence risks 9. Traffic safety management 10. Interruption to existing infrastructure and services 11. Social impacts 12. Workers’ health and safety 13. Community’s health and safety 14. Management of warehouses and borrow pits 15. Cultural works & Chance finding procedures 16. Communication to local community

Final Report 158 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Table 5.3. Environmental Codes of Practices for Addressing General Construction Impacts (ECOPs) Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion 1. Dust and - The Contractor is responsible for compliance with relevant Vietnamese legislation with - TCVN 6438-2005: Contractor PMU, exhaust emission respect to ambient air quality. Road vehicles - CSC, - The Contractor shall ensure that the generation of dust is minimized and is not perceived Maximum IEMC as a nuisance by local residents and shall implement a dust control plan to maintain a permitted emission safe working environment and minimize disturbances for surrounding residential limits of exhaust areas/dwellings. gas - The Contractor shall implement dust suppression measures (e.g. use water spraying - Decision No. vehicles to water roads, covering of material stockpiles, etc.) as required. 35/2005/QD- - Material loads shall be suitably covered and secured during transportation to prevent BGTVT on the scattering of soil, sand, materials, or dust. inspection of quality, technical - Setting up the wheel washing facilities at the entrances/exits of construction sites to safety and reduce dust emission levels. environmental - Exposed soil and material stockpiles shall be protected against wind erosion and the protection location of stockpiles shall take into consideration the prevailing wind directions and - QCVN 05: locations of sensitive receptors. 2013/MONRE: - Dust masks should be used where dust levels are excessive National technical - All vehicles must comply with Vietnamese regulations controlling allowable emission regulation on limits of exhaust gases. ambient air - Vehicles in Vietnam must undergo a regular emissions check and get certified named: quality; “Certificate of conformity from inspection of quality, technical safety and - WB's EHS environmental protection” following Decision No. 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; standard - There should strictly be no burning of solid wastes or construction materials (e.g. wood, rubber, oil-based rag, emptied cement bags, paper, plastic, bitumen, etc.) on site. - Noise and - The contractor is responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese legislation - QCVN Contractor PMU, vibration impacts with respect to noise and vibration. 26:2010/BTNMT: CSC, - All vehicles must have appropriate “Certificate of conformity from inspection of National technical IEMC quality, technical safety and environmental protection” following Decision No. regulation on noise 35/2005/QD-BGTVT; to avoid exceeding noise emission from poorly maintained - QCVN machines. 27:2010/BTNMT:

Final Report 159 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - To use non-percussive piling methods to reduce noise and vibration levels (especialy, National technical using pile pressing machine to press the concrete pile into the soil for foundation regulation on construction of the buildings) and setting up the movable noise absorbent barrier in vibration; construction. - WB's EHS - Measures to reduce noise to acceptable levels should be implemented, including: standard + Selecting equipment with lower sound power levels + Installing silencers for fans + Installing suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components + Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment casing radiating noise + Installing acoustic barriers without gaps and with a continuous minimum surface density of 10 kg/m2 in order to minimize the transmission of sound through the barrier + Barriers should be located as close to the source or to the receptor location to be effective + Installing vibration isolation for mechanical equipment + Limiting the hours of operation for specific pieces of equipment or operations, especially mobile sources operating through community areas + Re-locating noise sources to less sensitive areas to take advantage of distance and shielding + Siting permanent facilities away from community areas if possible + Taking advantage of the natural topography as a noise buffer during facility design + Reducing project traffic routing through community areas wherever possible - Developing a mechanism to record and respond to complaints 2. Wastewater - The Contractor must be responsible for compliance with the relevant Vietnamese - QCVN Contractor PMU, management regulations on wastewater discharges into surroundings. 14:2008/BTNMT: CSC, - Portable or constructed toilets must be provided on site for construction workers. National technical IEMC - Consider hiring local workers to reduce wastewater generation on site. regulation on domestic - Provide septic tanks for collecting and treating wastewater from toilets.

Final Report 160 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - Wastewater from kitchens, showers, sinks shall be discharged into a local sewerage system. wastewater; - Wastewater from washing vehicles and construction equipment shall be collected into - QCVN 40: a settling pond before discharged into local drainage system. 2011/BTNMT: - At completion of construction works, wastewater collection tanks and septic tanks shall National technical be safely disposed of or effectively sealed off. regulation on industrial wastewater; - WB's EHS standard 3. Solid wastes - Before construction, a solid waste control procedure (storage, provision of bins, site - Decision No. Contractor PMU, management clean-up schedule, bin clean-out schedule, etc.) must be prepared by Contractors and it 59/2007/NĐ-CP on CSC, must be carefully followed during construction activities. solid waste IEMC - Before construction, all necessary waste disposal permits or licenses must be obtained. management; - Measures shall be taken to reduce the potential for litter and negligent behavior with - Decree No. regard to the disposal of all refuse. At all places of work, the Contractor shall provide 38/2015/NĐ-CP litter bins, containers and refuse collection facilities. dated 24/04/2015 - Solid waste may be temporarily stored on site in a designated area approved by the on waste and scrap Construction Supervision Consultant and relevant local authorities prior to collection management and disposal through a licensed waste collector, for example, URENCO. - Waste storage containers shall be covered, tip-proof, weatherproof and scavenger proof. - No burning, on-site burying or dumping of solid waste shall occur. - Recyclable materials such as wooden plates for trench works, steel, scaffolding material, site holding, packaging material, etc shall be collected and separated on-site from other waste sources for reuse, for use as fill, or for sale. - If not removed off site, solid waste or construction debris shall be disposed of only at sites identified and approved by the Construction Supervision Consultant and included in the solid waste plan. Under no circumstances shall the contractor dispose of any material in environmentally sensitive areas, such as in areas of natural habitat or in watercourses. 4. Hazardous - Fuels and chemicals must be safely stored in areas with impermeable ground with roofs - Decree No. Contractor PMU, wastes and surrounding banks, equipped with safety warning signs located at least 20m from 38/2015/NĐ-CP CSC,

Final Report 161 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion management the camps and at the end of prevailing winds; dated 24/04/2015 IEMC - Collect, store, and transported for treatment all hazardous wastes (road asphalt, waste oil on waste and scrap and grease, organic solvents, chemicals, oil paints, etc.) in accordance with Circular No. management 36/2015/TT-BTNMT on management of hazardous waste. - Circular No. - Collect and temporarily store used oil and grease separately in specialized containers and 36/2015/TT- place in safe and fire-free areas with impermeable floors roofs, at a safe distance from BTNMT on fire sources. Sign contracts with for oil and grease to be delivered to suppliers/ hazardous waste manufacturers management - Do not use unapproved toxic materials, including paint containing lead, asbestos, etc .; - The removal of asbestos-containing materials or other toxic substances shall be performed and disposed of by specially trained and certified workers. - Used oil and grease shall be removed from site and sold to an approved used oil recycling company. - Do not perform any maintenance (change of oil and filter) of cars and equipment outside the designated area. - Used oil, lubricants, cleaning materials, etc. from the maintenance of vehicles and machinery shall be collected in holding tanks and removed from site by n approved specialized oil recycling company for disposal. - Used oil or oil-contaminated materials that could potentially contain PCBs shall be securely stored to avoid any leakage or affecting workers. - Unused or rejected tar or bituminous products shall be returned to the supplier’s production plant. - Relevant agencies shall be promptly informed of any accidental spill or incident - Store chemicals appropriately and with appropriate labelling - Appropriate communication and training programs should be put in place to prepare workers to recognize and respond to workplace chemical hazards - Report all incidences of oil spills immediately and prevent any risks of oil spills - Prepare and initiate a remedial action following any spill or incident. In this case, the contractor shall provide a report explaining the reasons for the spill or incident, remedial action taken, consequences/damage from the spill, and proposed corrective actions.

Final Report 162 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - In the event that accidental leakage or spillage of diesel/chemicals/chemical wastes takes place, the following response procedures shall be followed immediately by the Contractor(s): o The person who has identified the leakage/spillage shall immediately check if anyone is injured and shall then inform the Contractor(s), Supervision Engineer and PMU; o The Contractor(s) shall ensure any injured persons are treated and assess what has spilled/ leaked; o Should the accidents/ incidents generate serious environmental pollution (e.g. spillage / leakage of toxic or chemicals, large scale spillage / leakage, or spillage / leakage into the nearby water bodies, the Contractor shall immediate inform PMU; o In such cases, the Contractor(s) shall take immediate action to stop the spillage / leakage and divert the spilled / leaked liquid to nearby non-sensitive areas; o The Contractor(s) shall arrange maintenance staff with appropriate protective clothing to clean up the chemicals/chemical waste. This may be achieved through soaking with sawdust (if the quantity of spillage/leakage is small), or sand bags (if the quantity is large); and/or using a shovel to remove the topsoil (if the spillage/leakage occurs on bare ground); and o Depending on the nature and extent of the chemical spill, evacuation of the activity site may be necessary; o Spilled chemicals must not be flushed to local surface drainage systems. Instead, sawdust or sandbags used for clean-up and removed contaminated soil shall be disposed of by following the procedures for chemical waste handling and disposal already described; o The Contractor(s) shall prepare a report on the incident detailing the accident, clean up actions taken, any pollution problems and suggested measures to prevent similar accidents from happening again in future. The incident report shall then be submitted to the Supervision Engineer and PMU for review and keep in the records. The incident report shall also be submitted to DONRE, if required. 5. Water quality - The Contractors are responsible for controlling surface water quality when discharging - QCVN Contractor PMU,

Final Report 163 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion reduction it out of construction sites, in accordance with QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT and QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT: CSC, 14:2008/BTNMT; National technical IEMC - Store used and unused oil and petrol on impermeable grounds covered with roofs, with regulation on warning (flammable and danger) signs, and contained within surrounding fences for easy domestic control and collection in case of leakage. Locate oil and petrol storage areas at least 25m wastewater; from any ponds, lakes, rivers, and streams. Restrict accessibility to these temporary - QCVN 08-MT: storages to only authorized persons; 2015/BTNMT: - Perform concrete mixing on impermeable ground only, at least 20m far from any water National technical sources. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at sedimentation traps and regulation on drainage ditches regularly to limit number of solids entering receptors; sufarewater; - Maintain vehicles and replace oil at designated workshops only. Do not perform these - QCVN 40: activities at sites; 2011/BTNMT: - Collect and keep used/waste oil and materials polluted with oil/chemicals in containers, National technical store in safe places (on impermeable grounds, roofed, fenced and with warning signs) regulation on for regular collection by licensed dealers; industrial wastewater; - Carry out concrete mixing on impermeable grounds only. Collect wastes and wastewater containing cement at the sedimentation traps and drainage ditches regularly to limit - WB's EHS standard number of solids entering receptors; - Provide sedimentation pits and ditches at big construction sites; - Provide appropriate toilets for the workers; - Avoid carrying out excavation and backfilling in rainy weather; - Collect and transport materials and wastes generated during excavation and backfilling materials to designated sites for reuse or final disposal as soon as possible; - Collect and transport excavated soil out of construction sites within 24 hours. Dredged materials must be transported away from temporary disposal sites as soon as they are dry sufficiently; - Maintain vehicles and equipment, including oil replacement or lubrication, at designated areas only. Ensure that no chemicals, petrol, oil, or grease are leaked into the soil, drains or water sources. Use trays to hold rags and materials used in maintenance. Collect and dispose off wastes in accordance with hazardous waste management requirements.

Final Report 164 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion 6. Plants species - The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Revegetation and Restoration Management - Environment Contractor PMU, Plan for prior approval by the Construction Engineer, following relevant regulations. The Protection Law CSC, Clearance Plan shall be approved by Construction Supervision Consultant and followed 55/2014/QH13 IEMC strictly by contractor. Areas to be cleared should be minimized as much as possible. - Avoid disturbances and damage to the existing vegetation and green trees. - Do not load materials and wastes at places having vegetation cover. Load them on barren land instead; - If trees can be replanted somewhere, move them instead of cutting the trees down; - If any invasive species are found during construction phase, burn them before disposed of to prevent them from regrowing at disposal site; - Chemicals must not be used to clear vegetation; - Minimise the areas disturbed, especially in locations having trees or vegetation; Determine areas to be undisturbed for protection during construction. - Do not remove or damage the vegetation without direct instructions. - Do not hurt, trap, feed or harm any animal - including birds, frogs, snakes, etc. - Do not cut trees outside the approved construction area for any reason - Do not buy any wildlife for food; - Birds and animals must not be kept in cages in camps - No collection of firewood. - Do not burn litter that damages vegetation. - Limit disturbances to areas with construction operations, especially in locations covered with green trees or vegetation. - Do not gather materials and wastes at places covered with vegetation or with green trees, but on vacant land instead. - Trees cannot be cut down unless explicitly authorized in the vegetation clearing plan. - When needed, temporary protective fencing will be erected to efficiently protect the preserved trees before commencement of any works within the site. - The Contractor shall ensure that no hunting, trapping, shooting, poisoning of fauna takes place.

Final Report 165 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion 7. Urban - The Contractor shall prepare a Clearance, Revegetation and Restoration Management - Contractor PMU, landscape and Plan for prior approval by the Construction Engineer, following relevant regulations. The CSC, aesthetic impacts Clearance Plan shall be approved by Construction Supervision Consultant and followed IEMC strictly by contractor. Areas to be cleared should be minimized as much as possible. - Place the signboard “Sorry to disturb” at the construction sites located in popular areas; - Keep the disturbed areas to be minimal; re-establish vegetation covers as soon as construction is completed; - All facilities are maintained in neat and tidy conditions and the sites shall be kept free of litter; - Fence the construction sites with solid materials if the construction sites are exposed to sensitive sites or exposed to tourist areas; - Do not load construction materials or wastes within 10 m from the gates of any public buildings or cultural structures such as government offices, temples, schools, etc.; - Collect and transport excavated materials and construction wastes to the disposal sites within 24 hours; - Clean up the construction sites daily if the sites are located in populated areas; - Wash vehicles periodically to prevent dust dispersion onto roads. 8. Sedimentation, Management of Flooding Risks - Contractor PMU, Flooding, - Periodically and thoroughly remove soils, stones and wastes from drainage sewers CSC, Subsidence Risks and ditches inside and around the construction site. IEMC - Neatly gather materials and wastes so as to limit them being swept away by stormwater. - Carry out ground levelling and rolling after discarding materials at disposal sites. - Install supports to protect the walls where excavation is deeper than 2 m. - Check the existing drains within and surrounding the construction sites, improve before levelling to ensure rainwater can be drained properly; - Load construction material and wastes at least 10 m from any existing drainage ditches or water sources to minimise materials from entering the channels which may lead to sedimentation and blockage; - Clean up the existing drains regularly. Sedimentation Control

Final Report 166 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - Transport the waste out of the site within the shortest time possible but this operation should not last more than 2 days; - Install and maintain sedimentation traps within and/or surrounding centralised construction sites. Remove the soil, stone and waste periodically from the traps to maintain their functions; - Gather the materials and waste neatly to limit the amount of materials being swept away by stormwater; - Carry out levelling and rolling after waste disposal at the disposal sites in order to minimise erosion; - Use Larsen sheet piles for protecting the walls/slopes when excavation is deeper than 2.5m. Reinforcing piles must be checked and maintained to ensure stability of excavated trenches and holes; - Levelling the disturbed areas to prevent erosion; - Strictly avoid disturbance or damages to the existing vegetation and trees. Measures to Control Subsidence - Limit disturbances to construction areas, especially in locations currently with green trees or vegetation; - Use Larsen sheet piles for building prop walls when excavation is performed to a depth of 2.5m and more; - Reinforce weak slopes and protect them with sandbags when there are high risks of erosion and landslides or in case of visible gully erosion; 9. Traffic safety - Install and maintain sign boards, fences, signal lights to direct traffic to ensure traffic - Law on traffic and Contractor PMU, management safety. Ensure adequate lighting at night time; transport No. CSC, - Only use vehicles with valid registration. Trucks must be covered to prevent materials 23/2008/QH12; IEMC from dropping along the routes to cause dusts and accidents;Arrange and provide - Decree separate passageway with safe and easy access for pedestrian and for people with 46/2016/ND-CP on disability and mobility issues especially the areas in proximity of schools, including easy administrative wheel chair access and hand rail. Make staff available any time for helping people with penalty for traffic disability if needed. safety violation - Set up traffic and maintain instruction signs and warnings to secure safety for people and - Law on means of transport during construction. construction No. 50/2014/QH13;

Final Report 167 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - Put speed limit signs at a distance of 200m from the construction site. - Circular No. - Carefully cover materials on trucks. Do not load to a height of 10cm higher than the truck 22/2010/TT-BXD body so as not to spill out and scatter materials onto roads, giving rise to dust and on regulation on endangering road users. Collect spilt soils and materials at the construction site each day labour safety in to avoid slippery incidents for vehicles. construction - Do not park vehicles in the roads longer than necessary. Do not allow construction vehicles and materials to encroach upon the pavements. - Water the roads to prevent dust, limit the speed of traveling trucks, do not allow flared horns, and do not dispose the waste and wastewater onto areas near office areas of the existing universities under UD. - Install night lighting of all construction sites. - Significant increases in number of vehicle trips must be covered in a construction plan previously approved. Routing, especially of heavy vehicles, needs to take into account sensitive sites such as schools, hospitals, and markets. - Installation of lighting at night must be done, if necessary, to ensure safe traffic diversion. Avoid material transportation for construction during rush hours. 10. Interruption to - Planned and unplanned interruptions to water, gas, power, internet services: the - Decree No. Contractor PMU, CSC, the existing Contractor must undertake prior consultation and contingency planning with local 167/2013/ND-CP IEMC infrastructures and authorities about the consequences of a particular service failure or disconnection. on administrative service - Coordinate with relevant utility providers to establish appropriate construction penalty for schedules. violations related to - Provide information to affected households on working schedules as well as planned social security, disruptions (at least 5 days in advance). order and safety issues - The contractor should ensure alternative water supply to affected residents in the event of disruptions lasting more than one day. - Any damages to existing utility systems of cable shall be reported to authorities and repaired as soon as possible. 11. Social Impacts - The Contractors are required to comply with Circular No. 22/2010/TT-BXD by the - Decree No. Contractor PMU, Ministry of Construction on construction safety. 167/2013/ND-CP CSC, - Register workers with the local authorities for temporary residence. on administrative IEMC

Final Report 168 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - Inform communities about construction plans at least two weeks before construction penalty for commencement. violations related to - In case that electricity and water supply is to be disrupted, the PMU must inform PAHs social security, at least two days in advance. order and safety - Avoid construction at night time. Where this is inevitable, inform the nearby issues communities at least two days in advance. - Construction should be performed within the shortest possible time, and carry out construction in various phases to minimize impacts on local communities. - Construction sites should be kept tidy and safe. - Wooden planks must be placed over open ditches to provide temporary access to roadside houses and shops. - Hire local workers to carry out simple tasks. - Instruct workers on environmental issues, safety and health before construction tasks are assigned. - Request workers to follow Code of conducts: + Use adequate safety gears provided + Smoke designated places only. Do not litter the construction sites + Do not store and use weapons and toxic substances; + Do not cut the trees outside the construction sites, set fire, burning waste on-site (except invasive plants); + Do not drink alcohols during working hours; + Do not operate construction plants if not authorized + Do not quarrelling, fighting, involving in gambling or social evils such as drug use, prostitution; - Provide medical check-up for workers periodically. Do not employ people with highly infectious diseases shall. - The contractor must develop a Code of Conduct for sexual harassment in the workplace and check their compliance. The PMU should supervise the implementation of this code strictly; regularly organize activities for raising legal awareness for male and female workers such as provision of leaflets, regular activities.

Final Report 169 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion 12. Workers’ - Provide training in EHS to workers for raising their awareness of infectious diseases - Directive No. Contractor PMU, health and safety especially HIV/AIDS within 2 weeks prior to the commencement of packages for 02/2008/CT-BXD CSC, construction items lasting at least 6 months. on labour safety IEMC - Provide training in first-aid skill and first-aid kit to workers and site engineer and sanitation in - Regularly exam worker’s health to ensure occupational health construction agencies; - Provide workers with PPE such as masks, gloves, helmets, shoes/boots, goggles, safety belt, etc. and enforce wearing during working especially working at heights and in - Circular No. dangerous areas. 22/2010/TT-BXD on regulation on - Limit or avoid working in extreme weather conditions, e.g. too hot, heavy rain, strong labour safety in wind, and dense fog. construction - Provision of proper eye protection such as welder goggles and/or a full-face eye shield - QCVN for all personnel involved in, or assisting, welding operations. Additional methods may 18:2014/BXD: include the use of welding barrier screens around the specific work station (a solid piece Technical of light metal, canvas, or plywood designed to block welding light from others). Devices regulation on safety to extract and remove noxious fumes at the source may also be required. in construction - Special hot work and fire prevention precautions and Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be implemented if welding or hot cutting is undertaken outside established welding work stations, including ‘Hot Work Permits, stand-by fire extinguishers, stand-by fire watch, and maintaining the fire watch for up to one hour after welding or hot cutting has terminated. Special procedures are required for hotwork on tanks or vessels that have contained flammable materials. - Safely install power lines at offices and in construction sites and do not lay connectors on the ground or water surface. Electric wires must be with plugs. Place outdoor electric panels in protection cabinets. - Provide sufficient lighting when carrying out construction activities at night. - Locate noise-generating sources and concrete mixing plants far enough from and downwind of residential areas and camps. - Store fuels and chemicals in areas with impermeable ground, roofs, surrounding banks, and warning signs at least 50 m far from and downwind of residential areas and the camps.

Final Report 170 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - Provide training in fire-fighting to workers and fire-extinguishers for the camps. - Prepare an emergency plan for chemical/fuel spill incident risk before construction begins. - Provide the camps with sufficient supplies of clean water, power, and sanitary facilities. There must be at least one toilet compartment for every 25 workers, with separate toilets for males and females. Workers’ beds must be provided with mosquito nets so as to prevent dengue fever. Temporary tents will be unacceptable. - Clean camps, kitchens, baths, and toilets and sanitize regularly, and keep good sanitation. Provide dustbins and collect wastes daily from the camps. Clear drainage ditches around the camps periodically. - Stop all construction activities during rains and storms, or upon accidents or serious incidents. 13. Community’s - The Contractor will have to conform to regulations in Circular No. 04/2017/TT-BXD by the - health and safety Ministry of Construction on safety in construction. - The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate closely with the local government in performing effective community sanitation in case of epidemic symptoms breaking out in the area. - The subproject owner and contractor are to cooperate with local authorities in preventing and fighting against social evils. - Do not disturb or cause trouble to community - Fence of excavation pits and open channels and make off with luminous cordon and warning signs. Provide sufficient lighting when carry out construction at night. - Limit the speed of transport means to 20km/h within 200m from the construction site so as to minimize dust and noise. - Keep noise-generating machines and vehicles at such suitable distances that noise transmitted to residential areas will not be higher than 70dBA. - Use static compacting when the road base is constructed near areas with many households and weak temporary works to restrict vibration. The subproject will cooperate with the local health agency in developing and implementing plans for control of diseases among workers. 14. Management - All borrow pit locations to be used must be previously identified in conformity with - Contractor PMU,

Final Report 171 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion of warehouses and approved construction technical specifications. Sensitive sites such as scenic spots, areas CSC, borrow pits of natural habitat, areas near sensitive receiving waters, or areas near water sources IEMC should be avoided. An open ditch shall be built around the stockpile site to intercept wastewater. - Retaining walls are to set up around disposal areas if necessary. - The use of new sites for stockpiling, gathering or exploiting materials necessary for construction operations must obtain prior approval from the Construction Engineer. - PMU’s Environment Officer should conduct due diligence to make sure that borrow pits and quarries are legally operating by undertaking a rapid review of quarry sites to assess if operations are in compliance with Vietnamese laws and Bank requirements prior to construction. - Include the requirement that the contractors shall be required to buy materials from licensed borrow pit and quarry operators into the civil work contractual documents. - . 15. Cultural works If the Contractor discovers archeological sites, historical sites, remains and objects, - Law on Cultural Contractor PMU, & Chance find including graveyards and/or individual graves during excavation or construction, the Heritage (2002) CSC, procedures Contractor shall: - Law on Cultural IEMC - Stop the construction activities in the area of the chance find; Heritage (2009) - Delineate the discovered site or area; for supplementary - Secure the site to prevent any damage or loss of removable objects. In cases of removable and reformation antiquities or sensitive remains, a night guard shall be arranged until the responsible local - Decree No. authorities or the Department of Culture, Sport and Tourism takes over; 98/2010/ND-CP - Notify the Construction Supervision Consultant who in turn will notify responsible local for supplementary or national authorities in charge of the Cultural Property of Viet Nam (within 24 hours or and reformation less); - Relevant local or national authorities would be in charge of protecting and preserving the site before deciding on subsequent appropriate procedures. This would require a preliminary evaluation of the findings to be performed. The significance and importance of the findings should be assessed according to the various criteria relevant to cultural heritage; those include the aesthetic, historic, scientific or research, social and economic

Final Report 172 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion values; - Decisions on how to handle the finding shall be taken by the responsible authorities. This could include changes in the layout (such as when finding an irremovable remain of cultural or archeological importance) conservation, preservation, restoration and salvage; - If the cultural sites and/or relics are of high value and site preservation is recommended by the professionals and required by the cultural relics authority, the Subproject’s Owner will need to make necessary design changes to accommodate the request and preserve the site; - Decisions concerning the management of the finding shall be communicated in writing by relevant authorities; - Construction works could resume only after permission is granted from the responsible local authorities concerning safeguard of the heritage. 16. Communicati - Maintain open communications with the local government and concerned communities; - Decree No. Contractor PMU, on with local the contractor shall coordinate with local authorities (leaders of local wards or 167/2013/ND-CP CSC, communities communes, leader of villages) for agreed schedules of construction activities at areas on administrative IEMC nearby sensitive places or at sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days). penalty for - Copies in Vietnamese of this ECOP and of other relevant environmental safeguard violations related to documents shall be made available to local communities and to workers at the site. social security, - Reduced playground space, loss of playing fields and car parking: The loss of amenities order and safety during the construction process is often an unavoidable source of inconvenience to users issues in sensitive areas. However, early consultation with those affected, provides the opportunity to investigate and implement alternatives. - Disseminate subproject information to affected parties (for example local authority, enterprises and affected households, etc) through community meetings before construction commencement. - Provide a community relations contact from whom interested parties can receive information on site activities, subproject status and subproject implementation results. - Provide all information, especially technical findings, in a language that is understandable to the general public and in a form of useful to interested citizens and elected officials through the preparation of fact sheets and news release, when major findings become available during subproject implementation phase.

Final Report 173 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Responsibility Environmental Applicable the Mitigation measures and social issues GoV’s regulations Implementa Supervi- -tion sion - Monitor community concerns and information requirements as the subproject progresses. - Respond to telephone inquiries and written correspondence in a timely and accurate manner. - Inform local residents about construction and work schedules, interruption of services, traffic detour routes and provisional bus routes, blasting and demolition, as appropriate. - Limit construction activities at night. When necessary ensure that night work is carefully scheduled and the community is properly informed so they can take necessary measures. - At least five days in advance of any service interruption (including water, electricity, telephone, bus routes) the community must be advised through postings at the subproject site, at bus stops, and in affected homes/businesses. - Provide technical documents and drawings to local authority and community, especially a sketch of the construction area and the ESMP of the construction site. - Notification boards shall be erected at all construction sites providing information about the subproject, as well as contact information about the site managers, environmental staffs, health and safety staffs, telephone numbers and other contact information so that any affected people can have the channel to voice their concerns and suggestions

Final Report 174 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Besides, depending on the scope of work and type of auxiliary items of each bid package, the Contractors will be required to comply with the specific requirements described below. The CSC and PMU shall monitor the Contractor’s compliance. Workers and Workforce Management A concern during construction phase of the project is the potentially negative impacts of the workforce interactions with the local communities. For that reason, a Code of Conduct shall be established to outline the importance of appropriate behavior, alcohol abuse, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. Each employee shall be informed of the Code of Conduct and bound by it while in the employment of the Client or its Contractors. The Code of Conduct shall be available to local communities at the project information centers or other place easily accessible to the communities. The Contractor is responsible for providing appropriate training to all staff according to their level of responsibility for environmental, health and safety matters. The Code of Conduct shall address the following measures (but not limited to them): - All of the workforce shall sign in the CoCs and abide the laws and regulations of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; - Illegal substances, weapons and firearms shall be prohibited; - Pornographic material and gambling shall be prohibited; - Fighting (physical or verbal) shall be prohibited; - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities shall be prohibited; - Disrespecting local customs and traditions shall be prohibited; - Smoking shall only be allowed in designated areas; - Maintenance of appropriate standards of dress and personal hygiene; - Maintenance of appropriate standards hygiene in their accommodation quarters; - Residing camp workforce visiting the local communities shall behave in a manner consistent with the Code of Conduct; and - Failure to comply with the Code of Conduct, or the rules, regulations, and procedures implemented at the construction camp will result in disciplinary actions. - Develop a Code of Conduct for sexual harassment in the workplace and check their compliance. The PMU should supervise the implementation of this code strictly; regularly organize activities for raising legal awareness for male and female workers such as provision of leaflets, regular activities. Prohibitions. The following activities are prohibited on or near the project site: - Cutting of trees for any reason outside the approved construction area; - Hunting, fishing, wildlife capture, or plant collection; - Buying of wild animals for food; - Use of unapproved toxic materials, including lead-based paints, asbestos, etc.; - Disturbance to anything with architectural or historical value; - Building of fires; - Use of firearms (except authorized security guards); - Use of alcohol by workers during working hours; - Gambling should be strictly forbidden. - Washing cars or machinery in streams or creeks; - Doing maintenance (change of oils and filters) of cars and equipment outside authorized areas: - Disposing trash in unauthorized places; - Driving in an unsafe manner in local roads; - Having caged wild animals (especially birds) in camps;

Final Report 175 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Working without safety equipment (including boots and helmets); - Creating nuisances and disturbances in or near communities; - The use of rivers and streams for washing clothes; - Indiscriminate disposal of rubbish or construction wastes or rubble; - Littering the site; - Spillage of potential pollutants, such as petroleum products; - Collection of firewood; - Poaching of any description; - Explosive and chemical fishing; - Latrine outside the designated facilities; and - Burning of wastes and/or cleared vegetation. Security. Some security measures shall be put into place to ensure the safe and secure running of the camp and its residents. Some of these security measures include: - The list of workers must be registered to local authorities in accordance with existing Vietnamese regulations - Children under 14 years of age will hot hired under the Project - Adequate, day-time night-time lighting shall be provided; - Control of camp access. Access to the camp shall be limited to the residing workforce, construction camp employees, and those visiting personnel on business purposes; - Prior approval from the construction camp manager for visitor’s access to the construction camp; - A perimeter security fence at least 2m in height constructed from appropriate materials; - Provision and installation in all buildings of firefighting equipment and portable fires extinguishers. Any construction worker, office staff, Contractor’s employees or any other person related to the project found violating theses prohibitions will be subject to disciplinary actions that can range from a simple reprimand to termination of his/her employment depending on the seriousness of the violation. Workers Camps Workers’ Camp and Site Installation Requirement. Potential sites of workers’camps were discussed with and proposed by local communities and authorities during consultations. Construction camp sites will have to be approved by local authoritiesand agreed with local communities prior to their establishment. If additional camps and ancillary construction sites are selected, for following criteria must be used: - Construction sites, including concrete mixing stations and asphalt stations as well as construction camps will minimize the land occupation by setting them at the interchange areas where relatively large areas of land will be needed eventually. - Site offices shall be located at least 200 meters from any existing residential settlements Camp facilities should not be located in steep slopes; - Site offices, camps be located at least 100 meters from any watercourses, and be operated so that no pollutants enter watercourses. Camp areas shall be located to allow effective natural drainage; - All construction camps shall be zoned according to their use. For example, workers’ camp zone, sanitary facilities, offices, etc. - The workforce shall be provided with safe, suitable and comfortable accommodations. They have to be maintained in clean and sanitary conditions; - In every site adequate and suitable facilities for washing clothes and utensils shall be provided and maintained for the use of contract labor employed therein;

Final Report 176 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Potable water for human consumption shall be provided for at camps, site offices, medical facilities, and other areas. Potable water shall follow the National Standards for Drinking Water Quality, and the other municipal water will be in accordance with class B1 of QCVN 08- MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. - The camp can be characterized as a housing estate, and the water quota could refer to class B1, QCVN 08-MT:2015/BTNMT - National technical regulation on surface water quality. - Drainage, wastewater treatment and solid waste disposal of the construction site shall follow national regulations and the mitigation measures presented in the Contractor’s Waste Management Plan. - Fire fighting equipment, fire extinguishers shall be available at every camp. Sanitary Facilities. In every camp site separate and adequate lavatory facilities (toilets and washing areas) shall be provided for the use of male and female workers. Toilet facilities should also be provided with adequate supplies running water, soap, and toilet paper. Such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept in clean and hygienic conditions; - Where workers of both sexes are employed, there shall be displayed outside each block of latrine and urinal, a notice in the language understood by the majority of the workers “For Men Only” or “For Women Only” as the case may be; - Sanitary arrangements, latrines and urinals shall be provided in every work place on the following scale: Where female workers are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 females or part thereof; Where males are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 males or part thereof; - At every construction camp, there must be at least one mobile septic tank. The wastewater from the tank shall not be discharged into any watercourses. The wastewater shall be periodically transported away by a water tank to the nearest treatment plant; - Sewage tanks shall be designed and installed by the Contractor(s) in accordance with the National Design Code for construction of camps. Medical Facilities. A medical and first aid kit, medicine cabinets, condoms, etc, emergency phone number, phone number of the person in charge of safety, chief construction supervision engineer, hotline shall be provided at each camp area. All consumables in the first aid kit should be checked and recharged regularly. Fire fighting equipment. fire-extinguishers must be provided and setup the safety instructions on fire prevention and emergency phone number at the site office, camp. Earthworks, Cuts and Fill Slopes Management - Earthworks, cuts and fill slopes shall be carefully managed to minimize negative impacts on the environment; All earthworks shall be properly controlled, especially during the rainy season. - The Contractor shall maintain stable cut and fill slopes at all times and cause the least possible disturbance to areas outside the prescribed limits of the works. - The Contractor shall complete cut and fill operations to final cross-sections at any one location as soon as possible and preferably in one continuous operation to avoid partially completed earthworks, especially during the rainy season. - In order to protect any cut or fill slopes from erosion, in accordance with the drawings, cut off drains and toe-drains shall be provided at the top and bottom of slopes and be planted with grass or other plant cover. Cut off drains should be provided above high cuts to minimize water runoff and slope erosion. - The Contractor shall use the excavated material from for filling unless the CSC consider the material unsuitable for filling; - Any excavated cut or unsuitable material shall be disposed of in designated disposal areas as agreed to by the CSC.

Final Report 177 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

5.1.4.2. Site- Specific Mitigation Measures Table 5.4 presents site-specific impacts and mitigation measures that are not addressed through the general measures in the ECOPs, because the severity or site- specific nature of the impacts and mitigation measures required. Table 5.4. Site-specific mitigation measures in the construction phase Site-specific impacts Specific mitigation measures Responsi-bility Responsibility issues for for Super- implementation vision Impacts on learning and During construction of buildings of subproject work items, the construction activities may Contractor PMU, CSC, researching activities of affect the study and research environment of the faculties and students. Therefore, the IEMC staffs and students of the contractors need to implement the following measures: University - Inform all Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, The (Faculty of Medicine and existing dormitory staffs and students of construction schedule and place so they can Pharmacy, College of arrange their study and research schedules accordingly. Information Technology, - The contractors need to coordinate closely with the University to know the study and The existing dormitory ) research schedules in order to arrange the operation schedule of the noisy machinery accordingly. - Minimize the operation of machinery during class and lab sessions, all machinery at rest for more than 2 minutes must be turned off. - The transport schedule of materials must avoid the starting and ending times of classes. - The construction and material transporting equipment can only operate according to the Faculty of Medicine and plan. The machineries are prohibited to roam around. Pharmacy – Da Nang - All equipment and machinery on site must be maintained regularly. Do not use outdated University machinery without proper registration because the amount of emission and noise will exceed the limits; - Minimize the operation of numerous equipment at the same time to reduce the compounded impact from them - Do not set up concrete mixing station in the subproject area; - Do not store equipment and material outside the construction site, the storage area needs to be far from the students’ and faculties’ classroom and research areas

Da nang Information - It’s prohibited for the transports to be overloaded, dropping material on the road. When in Technology College transit, materials must be covered, preventing dust and material from spreading to the environment

Final Report 178 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- On the solid waste transport route, when passing any residential area or within the school boundaries, there must be a speed limit and a ban on air horn. - Around each construction site, the contractors must have solid fencing (possibly tin) with minimum height of 2m and a gate. - The contractors must manage their workers strictly, workers are prohibited from affecting Existing dormitory the students’ classroom and research activities. - The worker camps must be far from the students’ routes, classrooms, and research areas. - All contractors must regularly clean up around the construction sites as well as the transport routes to not affect the landscape and the students’ study environment. - The construction sites and material transport routes must be watered regularly, especially on dry-weather days. When the buildings reach certain heights, it’s mandatory to use dust nets around the scaffold areas from the ground floor to the highest floor of the buildings; The risks of labor Because the construction sites are located within the University, where there are a lot of staffs Contractor PMU, CSC, accidents in the and students working and learning, especially the Engineering Faculty building. Therefore, IEMC construction site to the safety during construction must be constantly monitored. To minimize the risks, the subproject University’s staffs and must implement the following mitigation measures at all sites: students - Before construction, the contractors must plan to use methods that ensure the technical, (Faculty of Medicine and design, and safety requirements. Pharmacy, College of - Around each construction site, the contractors must have solid fencing (possibly tin) with Information Technology, minimum height of 2m and a gate to ensure construction safety; The existing dormitory) - When the buildings reach certain heights, it’s mandatory to use safety nets for dust and falling objects. The nets must be installed around the scaffold areas from the ground floor to the highest floor of the buildings; - Do not store equipment and material outside the construction sites, the storage areas need to be far from the classrooms and research areas. - The construction sites must have numerous safety and warning signs. - The construction unit must have people on watch, especially when there are vehicles entering and exiting the construction sites. - It’s strictly prohibited to scatter materials and wastes to the environment, affecting traffic safety in the area. - At night, the construction sites must have adequate lighting and warning lights.

Final Report 179 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- The contractors must ensure that all workers have had training on labor safety and sanitation - All workers must have full safety equipment and they must use all of the safety equipment during work. - The construction monitoring consultants must be present regularly and monitor the contractors complying with the construction techniques, labor safety and sanitation requirements Fall risks due to working - Workers are responsible to wear or use at all the times of any protective equipment or Contractor PMU, CSC, at heights clothing which provided by the constructors. IEMC (for 3 to 9-floors- - Installation of guardrails with mid-rails and toe boards at the edge of any fall hazard area; buildings) - Proper use of ladders and scaffolds by trained employees; - Use of fall prevention devices, including safety belt and lanyard travel limiting devices to prevent access to fall hazard area, or fall protection devices such as full body harnesses used in conjunction with shock absorbing lanyards or self-retracting inertial fall arrest devices attached to fixed anchor point or horizontal life-lines; - Appropriate training in use, serviceability, and integrity of the necessary PPE; and - Inclusion of rescue and/or recovery plans, and equipment to respond to workers after an arrested fall - Constructors should ensure that the training program is provided for all workers in construction work and make sure them particular attention towards to the safety issues - Providing instrument for new workers, implement daily toolbox checking, regular training to management level and supervision team regarding safety awareness at construction site, safety introduction awareness campaign site monthly meeting - Regular safety inspection in the sites. Traffic safety risks within For the traffic activities in the subproject area, the following mitigation measures: Contractor PMU, CSC, the University - The contractor must prepare a detailed plan and method to transport waste material, leveling IEMC (Faculty of Medicine and and constructing materials within the university, routes to the disposal site, minimizing the Pharmacy, College of impacts on the university traffic. Information Technology, - The transport routes need to avoid the busy areas, especially the central road and road The existing dormitory ) connecting the departments, lecture halls/students’ research and learning areas. In the cases where it’s unavoidable, it’s prohibited to transport during the starting and ending time of classes. These routes must be cleaned to not affect the students’ traffic activities. - The transport of equipment and material needs to avoid busy periods, especially the classes’

Final Report 180 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

starting and ending times. - All transport routes must have traffic safety and speed limit signs for all (including the university’s staffs and students). For the construction machinery and material transport vehicles, the speed limit is 5km/h within the university. - All vehicles exiting the construction sites (including non-material-transport vehicles) must be wheel-cleaned before exiting the sites. - The transport routes inside the university must be lit at night, especially the routes with many students crossing. - The contractors must regularly send people to sweep and clean (at least 3 times a day: in the morning, afternoon, and at night) along the material transport routes inside the university and water the roads during dry-weather day. - Send people to direct traffic at busy points when there are material transport vehicles or machineries passing, especially at the construction site gates. Traffic safety risks Beside the traffic safety inside the university, traffic safety outside the university also needs to Contractor PMU, CSC, outside the University be monitored. With the transport routes for construction material being determined to include IEMC (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia the routes from the University to Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, Mai Dang Chon road in Hoa Quy road, Mai Dang Chon ward. During the material transport, the following mitigation methods must be implemented: road in Hoa Quy ward) - The contractors must prepare a thoughtful transport plan before construction to minimize traffic congestion. - Notice the Hoa Quy ward government and citizens along Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, Mai Dang Chon road on the material transport plan. - Organize the incoming and outgoing traffic, avoid narrow streets to minimize traffic congestion. Do not transport during rush hours, classes’ starting and ending times. - The drivers must have the necessary licenses. Regularly remind the drivers to comply with the traffic laws, not to speed or break traffic laws and have measures such as pay cut if they do. In particular, at railway crossings, it’s strictly prohibited for the drivers to cross when there are warnings of incoming trains. - The drivers must not use any stimulants, alcohol at work, and must not work overtime. - Send staffs to direct traffic when there’s traffic congestion on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road if there’s subproject transport activities, especially the intersection between Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road and Tran Dai Nghia road, the intersection between Mai Dang Chon and Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road and the University gate. - For the transport equipment and vehicles, maintenance must be implemented regularly and

Final Report 181 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

the contractors must ensure that all vehicles meet the traffic safety requirements. - All vehicles are strictly prohibited to be overloaded, before every trip, the material in transport must be covered completely - Regularly send staffs to monitor traffic along the transport route, if any material scatters on the road, the contractor has to send staffs to clean up immediately. The risk of subsidence, - Prior to the construction, the construction contractors, supervision consultants and PMU Contractor PMU, CSC, damaging the existing (Da Nang University) should coordinate with (relevant) local authorities and residents to IEMC works examine the current status of the surrounding works, especially the houses at the beginning (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia of Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, Mai Dang Chon road to the construction area,... the existing road, Mai Dang Chon transport routes that will be used for transport of construction materials, and other existing road and internal roads) works surrounding the construction sites to form the basis of assessment and compensation (if there are any damages caused by the Subproject) and proper preparation of the construction plan. - All of contractors are required to prepare their construction plans, plans to utilize construction equipment and transport vehicles to avoid the present of multiple construction equipment at the same time to minimize the impact on surrounding buildings. - All contractors are strictly prohibited from gathering construction equipment and vehicles outside the subproject area and especially on the road Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, Mai Dang Chon road to the construction site, and drainage canal road near the construction sites of lecture hall and Environment Faculty building... - During construction, contractors are required to manage construction materials properly to not leak them outside the construction sites and affect the area. - Restricting the construction and material transport on rainy days to minimize the damages to surrounding buildings, especially the transport routes. Increase the possibilities The filling of some low-lying areas as well as improving the foundation levels of the Contractor PMU, CSC, of local flooding around construction works may increase the risk of flooding for the surrounding areas. To limit this IEMC the construction area risk, contractors are required to follow: - During construction, if the Subproject affects the current drainage system, contractors must take measures to widen or divert the flows to ensure the water drainage of the area. - Prior to construction, contractors must examine the current state of the area. If there are any drainage systems in the ground clearance areas, they must be replaced with alternative ones to ensure the surrounding drainage capacity. - All contractors are strictly prohibited from gathering solid wastes, waste materials and

Final Report 182 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

construction materials near the water drainage system of the area. In addition, contractors are required to dredge the drainage systems around the construction sites to clear the water flows. - During dredging and excavation for construction, contractors are required to utilize materials for ground levelling to minimize the transport of materials. - All contractors are strictly prohibited from discharging waste materials outside at the predetermined locations. - Minimize the construction, gathering materials and equipment on rainy days to reduce the risk of damage the drainage system, and to limit materials washouts and affecting local drainage. The construction process of work items will be likely to affect part of these works’ activities, including the people’s safety and access to these places; smoke and dust as nuisance to residents and cultural and religious works that can be affected by the subproject construction are listed in Table 5.5. Table 5.5. Impact mitigation measures on PCRs at the construction site Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision sibility - Dust may affect the temple - Inform the pagoda of the construction activities and Contractors PMU, CSC, structure their potential impacts such as, waste, dust, noise, IEMC - Material and wastes may affect traffic, and construction schedule at least 01 month landscape and hinder access, before start of the construction. - Noise may disturb worshiping - Do not load materials and waste within 20 m activities on 1st and 15th lunar from the temple/pagoda. - The contractor shall coordinate with local month authorities (leaders of local wards or communes) - Unsuitable language or for agreed schedules of construction activities at behaviours of workers may be sensitive times (e.g., religious festival days). Avoid offensive to the relic keeper and construction activities during religious events every visitors first and 15th day of the lunar month and during festival days if possible. Prohibit storage of

construction materials within 100m in front of the Hai An Pagoda pagoda. - Environmental training for the workers includes codes of conducts when working in public areas and sensitive receptors such as pagoda. - The contractor shall provide safety measures including installation of fences, barriers warning

Final Report 183 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Impacts Respon- Sensitive receptors Specific mitigation measures Supervision sibility signs, lighting system to prevent traffic accidents as well as other risk to local people and pagoda visitors. - Spray sufficient water to suppress dust during dry and windy days at least three times a day at the area of the pagodas, or as required. - Truck drivers shall restrict the use of horns close to the pagoda location - Immediately address any issue/problem caused by

the construction activities and any raised by the

Khai Tay Santurary pagoda. - The construction method shall include the measures to protect the foundation of the fence/gate, main building of the pagoda, such as using supporting pillars or steel frame to prevent the risk on infrastructure collapse/damage (as if). - Enforce compliance to the workers of conduct particularly with regards to language and behaviours when present in the area near the temple/pagoda. - In case damages happen, the contractor should take full responsibility in compensating or reconstructing the broken structures as agreed with the pagodas

Final Report 184 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

5.1.4.3. Measures to minimize social and gender impacts Proposed measures are presented in the table 5.6 below Table 5.6. Proposed measures to minimize social and gender impacts Social and Gender Measures Responsible by Supervision Risks

The risk of - Develop program and plan to PMU ISMC insecurity, increased coordinate with stakeholders social evils including contractors, police agencies, mass organizations to manage, supervise and provide timely support for workers. - Make commitments with the contractor on labor use, labor management and mechanism of labor contract termination in necessary cases. Environmental - Working with contractors on the PMU, contractor ISMC, IEMC pollution distribution of workers, labor mobilization at the construction site to best suit the infrastructure capacity at the residence area of workers; Organize communication to raise awareness on environment and environmental sanitation for workers; - Clean the site, clean sewers, spray if necessary around workers' camps; - Organize quarterly and unexpectedly health checks (if required) for workers and laborers in general; Infectious diseases - Organize communication PMU, contractor ISMC (HIV/ADIs) campaign - Organize training courses on related issues and skills - Arrange periodic health check and lists; - Interview/raise questions about workers’ use of condoms; - Provide workers with free condoms Social conflicts - Set up daily rules for the worker PMU, contractor ISMC camps. - Frequently organize teamwork in cleaning, clearing sewers, clearing bushes (if any) for the worker camp area and surrounding area

Final Report 185 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Social and Gender Measures Responsible by Supervision Risks

- Increase community connection - Organize communication on environmental sanitation Sexual abuse and - For contractors: Develop a Code of PMU, contractor ISMC harassment Conduct for sexual harassment in the workplace and check their compliance. The PMU should supervise the implementation of this code strictly; regularly organize activities for raising legal awareness for male and female workers such as provision of leaflets, regular activities, - The PMU to establish a mechanism to receive support information related to this issue and ensure information confidentiality; - The university to organizes educational activities and enhance life skills for students in general and female students in particular and integrate the organization of communication activities in the university’s training program 5.1.5. Mitigation measures for Operational Phase Below are a set of mitigation measures which will be applied to avoid, prevent, mitigate and offset the environmental and social impacts during operation. The Danang University will be fully responsible for implementing all mitigation measures proposed to address the negative environmental and social risks and impacts that potentially arise during the operation phase. 5.1.5.1. Generic impact mitigation measures a. Exhaust gases ➢ Emissions from traffics going in/out the UD's campus - Carry out weekly cleaning/dust collection of all internal roads; - Carry out weekly road spraying or watering to minimize dust; - Plant trees on sidewalks and in median strips of internal roads. - Arrange road signs to restrict other vehicles (such as trucks, passenger car, etc...) from entering internal roads. ➢ Emissions from power generators The University will select the type of generator that is produced in accordance with safety and environmental friendly standards and has low waste gases and noise emission levels. Use of diesel with low sulfur content of 0.05S or bio-fuels will be taken into account. Check and maintenance work will be done regularly, i.e. once every six months. In addition, the university will plant green tree belts around the university and along the internal passages to create a cool and fresh atmosphere, minimizing the impact of the university. ➢ Noise mitigation

Final Report 186 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Generator’s room is located in a suitable area, away from working area with a distance ≥ 20 m. To minimize the noise effect, the operation workers should set it automatic restarting when power outage. Worker shall be provided with ear cap when they operate the generator. When locating generator sets outdoors, the use of enclosures - particularly sound-attenuating enclosures - combines all of these strategies into a convenient package that provides weather protection as well as sound attenuation. The following figure shows measures to be applied to reduce noise level.

Figure 5.1: Typical genset installation showing noise control measures b. Wastewater management ➢ Domestic wastewater All domestic wastewater from septic tanks is also connected with the city drainage system and then treated by Hoa Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. The connection agreement record from Da Nang DOC by the Letter No.2951/SXD-QLHT for connection of transport, internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang subproject to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road). Domestic wastewater from toilet is transported to septic tank with three separate chambers for local treatment. The first chamber is to separate sediment from wastewater. Sediment deposited at the botttom of tank is subjected to anaerobic digestion. When sediment deposited in the tank becomes full (about one year of use), the Danang University will make a contract with local environmental services unit for collection and treatment of such sediment. Wastewater and suspended sediment flow to the second chamber along with runoff. In this chamber, sediment continues to deposit at the bottom of tank and organic substance in wastewater is cleaned by decomposed anaerobic microorganism.

Final Report 187 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Treated wastewater in septic tank does not meet standard for releasing to environment. Thus, after preliminary treatment through sectic tank, wastewatr is connected with the city drainage system and then treated by Hoa Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. Composition diagram of septic tank is as follow:

Vent pipe Concrete slab Treated wastewater

Wastewater Sedimentation chamber Filtration chamber Collection and fermentation chamber

Baffle Sediment Filtration materials

Figure 5.2: Treatment system diagram by septic tank

Septic tank is a construction work with two functions: sedimentation and decomposition, sediment fermentation with treatment effectiveness of 60%-65%. Main treatment process in septic tank is anaerobic digestion process. After being deposited at the bottom of tank, suspended solids is fermented and decomposed by anaerobic microorganism and this process formulates NH4, H2S... as a result. The septic has three chambers. Firstly, wastewater is directed through the first chamber where most of sediment is deposited and subjected to anaerobic digestion. Then, wastewater flows to the second chamber where suspended sediment is subjected to anaerobic digestion and deposited more before flowing to the next chamber. Time that wastewater is kept in septic tank is about two days and during the period, about 90% of suspended substance will deposit at the bottom of tank. Solid sediment is kept in the tank from six to twelve months. With flow direction baffle, in the following chambers, wastewater is moved in bottom-up direction and contacts with anaerobic microorganisms in sludge layer formulated at the bottom of tank in dynamic conditions. Organic impurity is absorbed by microorganisms and converted into nutritious source for development of microorganisms. With such chambers, the project becomes an anaerobic reaction line which is arranged consecutively and can separate two phases (acid and alkali fermentation). Microorganism population in a chamber is different to populations in other chambers and has favorable conditions for development. In beginning chambers, bacteria formulating acid will be dominant whereas in ending chambers, bacteria formulating CH4 will be dominant. The last chamber (the third chamber) is anaerobic filtration chamber and anaerobic microorganism is on particle surface of filtration material preventing suspended sediment from flowing out with water.

Final Report 188 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

According to statistic, actual concentration of impurities in wastewater after being treated through septic tank still does not meet Column B of standard QCVN14:2008/BTNMT with the details as follows: No Criteria Unit Concentration after QCVN treatment in septic tank 14:2008/BTNMT, (mg/l) Column B (mg/l) 1 BOD5 mg/l 120 – 140 50 2 TSS mg/l 50 – 100 100 3 N-NH3 Amoni) mg/l 20 – 50 10 4 N-NO3 (Nitrat) mg/l <1 50 5 Total Nitrogen mg/l 25 – 80 - 6 Total Phosporus mg/l 10 – 20 10 7 Total Coliform MNP/100ml 103 - 106 5.000 8 Virus PFU/ml 105 – 107 - (Source: Domestic wastewater treatment with small and medium scale, Tran Duc Ha) ➢ Domestic solid waste

- All students and staff will be strength communication on waste collection and environmental protection inside and outside the university, reducing the volume of waste discharging into the landfills;

- Reused or recycled wastes will be segregated from others and treated in accordance with the regulation of Decree 59/2007/ND-CP and Decree 38/2015/ND-CP;

- Dustbins with volume of 100 - 150 liters shall be provided and gathered at the designated area in the university to segregate the normal solid wastes for reusing/recycling;

- The university arranges the sanitation unit to clean up the university everyday, gathering all wastes into dustbins with volume of 100 - 150 Liters located in the designated area of university;

- Total volume of domestic solid waste will be collected by Da Nang Urban Environment Company (Da Nang URENCO) (which is having a contract with the University) everyday. Domestic solid waste will be collected, transported and treated at Khanh Son/solid waste treatment complex in Hoa Khanh Nam, Lien Chieu district. The site is about 15km from the subproject area. 5.1.5.2. Site-specific impact mitigation measures ➢ Toilets management

- Sanitation workers will be arranged to clean up regularly to prevent bad odor. - Sewers and snorkels will be checked regularly to prevent congressional and odors. - Ventilation fans and windows will be installed to prevent odor. - Contract with functional units to periodically collect, transport and treat sludge from septic tanks. ➢ Air quality management in labs

- All labs of the university will be equipped by modern equipments: modern suction fan and ventilation system; hazardous gas suction cabinet; solvent steam with treatment

Final Report 189 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

system (absorbed by active charcoal) before discharging to the environment, minimizing the emissions from labs.

- Practice rooms and research centers have been equipped by modern machines. Most of machines are synchronously provided and fitted with protection system. Hence, noise, dust and emission shall be minimized. The additional invested system mainly related to electrical engineering, electronics and mechanical electronics shall be provided with suction and absorption systems for welding gas before discharging to the environment.

- Small amount of laboratory fumes are leaked regularly. Therefore first priority is given to air ventilation for the labs. Besides, labs are equipped with ventilation fan and chemical fume hoods to ensure laboratory users’ health.

- Laboratory fumes collection and treatment: Laboratory desks/areas will be arranged reasonably. Those experiments involving volatile chemicals will be conducted in separate area equipped with fume extractor ensuring all smoke and chemical fumes sucked entirely. In the labs where sample digestion and research are conducted a separate ventilated cabinet system will be installed for the sample digestion and the fumes will be sucked out with the fume extractor system.

Figure 5.3: Chemical fume hood, ceiling-mounted fume hood and chemical fume extractor ➢ Lab wastewater management During the operation phase, it is expected to build a experimental wastewater treatment plant with capacity from 30 to 50 m3/day at the behind of the Technopole building. The wastewater collection and treatment system from laboratories must be built / installed separately and attent to classification and reduction solutions according to the principle of “good practice to minimize wastewater applied in laboratories”. The main contents within the labs wastewater is heavy metal and oxidants, microorganisms from lab1 and lab 2. Refer to the wastewater treatment technology of Vietnamese universities on wastewater treatment from laboratories such as Hanoi University of Science and Technology. The lab wastewater treatment system from research centers of Technopole building under UD subproject will be treated in this system followings: Wastewater is collected into drums V=250l in research-practice area. When it is full, it shall be discharged to the storage tank of lab wastewater treatment system (behind Technopole building) for further treatment before discharging. The concerned officer or carriers of such wastewater

Final Report 190 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

must be trained and disseminated with chemical safety and wastewater.

Wastewater containing Concentrated soluble organic solvent wastewater tank

Strong oxygen agents Step 1: Treat organic (C H O C H N P ) solvent x y z, x y n m

Wastewater containing HF

and other acids (dissolved) Step 2: Process acid Post- wastewater treatment water Hydrated lime, chloride tank to precipitate Steps 1, 2

Step 3: Treat metal wastewater Wastewater containing

heavy metals

Flocculation method (PAC, Combined treatment device T5 PAA)

Post-treatment wastewater tank Floating filtering and coal filtering tank

Qualified with QCVN40:2011/BTNMT column B

Municipal drainage sewer in Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road

Figure 5.4: Chemical wastewater treatment technology diagram for labs Description Step 1: Wastewater containing organic matters Organic solvent may be soluble, less soluble or not in water. If it is not soluble, it shall float or deposit into the bottom of wastewater block. In such two cases, the organic solvents like oil and grease and DAF oil separator may be used to remove it. Metal oxides may be easily deposited in the form of oxide or hydroxide while the oxidization in the tank or the next steps may be treated in the combined block tank. Step 2: Wastewater containing HF and other acids. Wastewater containing HF with contents to 55% of quantity shall be applied with hydrated limestone or limestone chloride to deposit CaF2 from HF. For concentration of 50%, it must be

Final Report 191 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

dissolved to 100 times or more to obtain the concentration of 0.5%. In HF wastewater tank, pump is provided to drive magnetically with propeller along teflon, depending on the case to pump HF to the cyanide wastewater tank, organic solvent and printing ink to moderate (reduce pH) and react with hydrated chloride then pump to the combined tank for flocculation purpose. If HF is sufficiently dissolved (0.1-0.5%), it may be directly pumped to neutralization chamber of the combined treatment tank to neutralize HF before flowing to flocculation chamber and conduct the flocculation and sedimentation of CaF2 and other precipitations. The treatment of wastewater containing strong acids is only to conduct the neutralization reaction. The neutralization substance is lime stone. Step 3: Wastewater containing heavy metals The treatment tank of wastewater containing heavy metal ions shall be combined with OH- ions through metal hydroxide reaction and flocculation to the bottom tank. Aluminum and iron salts as flocculation agent are used to separate to form the less soluble hydroxides which may absorb the suspended matters as well as flocculants, forming large items to easily separate out of the waster thanks to the sedimentation. In order to increase the deposition efficiency, high-molecular compounds - flocculation additives may be used. It may quickly block the hydroxide particles and settle, so -called as deposit agents. Such agents are used as polyacrylamide (PAA). In the chrome removal tank Wastewater containing Cr6- must be pumped to Crome removal chamber to completely convert Cr6- to Cr3- before flocculation Used chrome killer is FeSO4.7H2O or NaHSO3. Post-treatment waste water is flown to combined treatment tank where reaction compartments T5-2 and T5-1 are passed and it is then flown to the deposition chamber to retain impurities and floating contaminants available in the waste water after reaction. Wastewater is continued flowing to floating filtering and coal filtering tank. Then, wastewater is flown to post-treatment wastewater tank. Wastewater qualified with QCVN40:2011/BTNMT column B before discharging into the common drainage culverts of the University of Da Nang on Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road, then connect to with the city drainage system and then treated by Hoa Xuan WWTP (60,000 m3/day.night) which was funded by SCDP. The connection agreement record from Da Nang DOC by the Letter No.2951/SXD-QLHT for connection of transport, internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang subproject to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road). (Note: The capacity and technology scale selected for experimental wastewater treatment for Technopole center will be updated in detail during the FS period.) ➢ Hazadous waste management Although the hazardous waste volume from laboratories is not much, but they have impacted negatively on the environment, therefore they should be collected, transported and handled by the competent authorities. Before the laboratories are going in operation, the should: - Registry the generators and hazardous waste with Da Nang Department of Natural Resources and Environment while building the temporary storage of hazardous waste in

Final Report 192 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

accordance with Circular 36/2015/TT BTNMT dated 30/06 2016 of Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. - Signing the contract with functional units for collection and handling of hazardous waste - Fully equip for all the laboratories, practical laboratories of faculties and centers about hazardous waste containers. - Building and sticking rules for collection and management of all hazardous waste in general and other types of chemical peel packaging in particular in every lab. - Prohibiting throw mixed hazardous wastes and other solid waste. - Chemical waste from laboratories must be kept under strict safety regulations about chemical and biological substances. These regulations must be disseminated to those working in the laboratory; - All types of hazardous waste must be labeled as prescribed. The Technopole Operator will register the source of hazardous waste with DONRE as required by MONRE Circular No. 36/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 30 June 2015. Hazardous waste will be contained in the barrels/contained house and labeled in accordance with current regulations. Packaging materials of the chemical will be returned to the supplier. All hazardous waste will be transported to and treated in Khanh Son waste treatment plant for hazardous waste in Hoa Khanh Nam ward, Lien Chieu district by licensed dealers. ➢ Risk prevention from usage of laboratory chemicals and instruments To reduce risks from usage of laboratory chemicals: ✓ Chemical storage room should be arranged separately, preservation depends on its chemical and management staffs are assigned clearly; ✓ Chemicals have verified origin, expiration date and quality assurance for analysis; ✓ Do not enter chemicals overly to avoid prolonged inventory and unsafety for management; ✓ Teachers or guiders should monitor closely during chemical preparation or using by students; ✓ Staffs or students should be equipped fully or wear lab coat before entering especially related to chemicals; ✓ Make up a record for every laboratory noting entered chemicals, its expiration, precautions, etc.; ✓ For used-up chemicals, its bottle/package need to be collected thoroughly and taken into a system for collection and treatment of hazardous waste; ✓ Chemical oral suction is strictly prohibited; ✓ Regal training on laboratory safety for staffs. ➢ Safe operation of equipment and machines

Final Report 193 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

✓ All staffs who operate equipment and machines must be trained, technical transfer before operation ✓ Absolutely no staffs/students/trainees who are not being trained participate to operate equipment ✓ On each equipment, must have a table to guide the used process ✓ Write a diary to follow all daily activities of equipment ✓ All equipment must be maintained regularly and periodically, checked the safety and accuracy of equipment ✓ The power supply for each equipment must be tested before installation and it must be install own automated system ✓ Depending on the equipment, but the majority of equipment must be placed in rooms with stable humidity. Therefore, these rooms are often installed air conditioning systems ✓ Absolutely chemicals must not be diluted and stored near the equipment. Only use chemicals in accordance with instructions of the equipment Laboratories in the field of biochemical - chemical and environment use concentrated alkali, bromine, phosphorus, concentrated H2SO4, HNO3 ... in learning and research activities. Students and laboratory workers need to follow laboratory safety rules as follows Safety rules and laboratory first aid + Be careful to avoid burns or explosion when working with concentrated chemicals such as: Alkali, bromine, phosphorus, concentrated H2SO4, HNO3 ...; Do not allow flamable materials, do not smoke, light matches, lighters in the laboratory; When burning an alcohol lamp, do not tilt the lamp; turn off the light with a lid that not blow off; + When using volatile substances, toxic substances such as phenol, liquid bromine, organic solvents, ...; dilution of volatile acids must be done in a fume hood; Particular attention should be paid to the following:

+ When mixing H2SO4, and HNO3 solutions from concentrated acid solution: The concentrated acid solution must be slowly added to water, absolutely do not do oppositely; + Do not boil gases, or generate gases in tightly closed containers in normal equipment; + When boiling liquids, the mouth of the test jar must be directed at the direction of no one + Pour chemicals in the right place according to the laboratory regulations. + After practice, wash your hands with soap. Basic first aid methods encounting problems in the laboratory: + First aid for burns: + Burns by acid: wash many times with water, then wash with 1% bicarbonate salt solution (NaHCO3);

+ Burns by Alkali: Wash with water, then wash with 2%; boric acid solution (H3B4O7); + Burns by Phenol: Wash with dilute alkaline solution or glycerine until the skin color is recovered, then apply glycerine grease. + When acid or alkaline shot in eyes: Wash with clean water several times, then wash with 1% bicarbonate solution (if acid) or 2% boric acid solution (if alkaline). + In case acid or alkaline shot into the mouth: drink a large amount of 5% bicarbonate solution; (if acid); 5% citric acid solution (if alkaline) + When being poisoned by breathing in many toxic gases such as chlorine, bromine, hydrogen sulfide... the victim must quickly be taken to ventilated place outside the laboratory.

Final Report 194 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

+ In case of an electric shock, the victim must be quickly taken away from the electrical system in a way of cutting off the circuit breaker; + Using an insulator (sacks, thick cloth, insulated gloves, etc.) to pull the victim out of the power source; When isolated, if the victim is unconscious, it needs an artificial respiration immediately. In any case, after a first aid if it deems necessary, the victim should be taken immediately to the hospital. Instructions for using chemicals Acids must be put in plastic tray when transporting or being worked on; When diluting acids, always remember to slowly pour acid into water (absolutely do not do oppositey); all operations must be done in a fume hood and under the supervision of the laboratory staff or instructor; Daily use of chemicals: Check the chemicals to be used, if there is a ready-made chemicals (shell C), take a sufficient amount into a cup to transfer to the laboratory; If it is necessary to prepare from the original substance: after mixing, transfer to the chemical bottle, take the sample label to stick; When finish, if left, put in right places at shell C, chemical room; Chemicals that have been diluted and cannot be stored over day must be discared in accordance with regulations. Discard of chemicals: Acids; base; solutions containing metals: Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, As, Hg, ..; solution containing reagents; ... put into the can labeled at the end of the corridor. Easily soluble, common salts, pour into sink and drain. Rules for students on doing experiments A. General rules: + The first session of internship/practicing subject, students read experimental safety rules, laboratory rules and sign a commitment to comply with experimental safety rules; laboratory rules. + Prepare practice exercises according to the teacher's instructions before going to class; + Wear blouse; do not wear skirts, short trouser and slippers when entering the practice room; + Comply with safety rules and regulations in the practice room; + Put your bag in the right place; No eating, drinking, phone calls and cause noise in the lab; Do not voluntarily walk on corridors and among laboratories; + Keep silent during the experimental process B. During the practicing process: + Absolutely follow the guidance of teachers and laboratory managers about the experimental process; + Use and operate the equipment and models in accordance with the process and under the guidance of the laboratory's teachers or managers; + Not by any means: Close and open devices; use measuring instruments or operate models; change the order of layout of model structure and practical tools; take practical materials and tools out of the laboratory. + Preserve the equipment and tools assigned during the practice; + Pour chemicals and wastes into proper places; + Use economically chemicals, electricity and water. C. End of each practice session: + Turn off equipment and models in accordance with the process (if used);

Final Report 195 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

+ Clean tools and clean the practice area of the individuals (group) according to the following instructions: + Discard chemicals after use in the right place; + Clean the tools with tap water + Wash tools with detergents in the laboratory (except some exercises with separate tools cleaning procedures, must follow the instructions of the teacher); + Clean the tools with tap water; + Clean the tools with distilled water; + Put the tools in the right place; + Clean the work place. + Transfer chemicals to the right position in the chemical storage and laboratory; + Hand over instruments and equipment to laboratory teachers and laboratory staff; + Regularly wash shared-use equipment, clean the room, turn off the power, lock the faucet, cut-off the circuit breaker before leaving the laboratory. Rules for lecturers + The instructors guide students to check common tools in groups and ask laboratory staff to change unusable tools; + Instruct students to take chemicals to use for lessons in the chemical room; + Monitor and remind: do not let students move freely; waste chemicals; arbitrarily use the equipment without the consent of the lecturer; + Ask students to transfer the usable chemicals to their original places and dispose chemicals in accordance with the instructions; + Guide and remind students to wash tools, clean the room and hand over tools to the laboratory staff, Regulations on the use of laboratories in scientific research This procedure guides and sets out the requirements for the use of laboratories (LAB) and equipment and machinery for non-teaching activities in the Environment Department, including: scientific research staff and lecturers (scientific research), guide scientific research students, prepare graduation thesis; scientific students and preparation of graduation thesis. Regulations for lecturers: Strictly follow the safety rules and first aid methods and other relevant regulations in the laboratory; Do not let students to use and control the equipment in the laboratory. Do not use the computers in the room to do personal work in any form (receive, email, chat, copy documents via USB, print, ...); Regulations for students: Only take devices to the field when instructed by lecturers. Strictly follow the safety rules and first aid instructions and other relevant regulations in the laboratory; Do not use the computer in the room to do personal work in any form (receive, send email, chat, copy documents via USB, print, ...). Measures to prevent electrical incidents and short-circuit ✓ Design and install the electrical system with full electrical safety equipment such as fire-resistant materials, automatic circuit breaker to protect overload & short circuit, electrical leakage protection, etc. ✓ Design and arrange work items to comply with the safety rules for firefighting and prevention system, install fire protection, firefighting and prevention system inside

Final Report 196 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

and outside, is approved by the competent authority about the record of firefighting and prevention. ✓ Remind and propagate regularly about firefighting and prevention safety rules; Organize regular training and drills for firefighting and prevention.

5.2. Environmental Monitoring and Supervision 5.2.1. Environmental Quality Monitoring 5.2.1.1. Monitoring Location, Parameters and Frequency on Construction Phase The environmental monitoring and supervision for construction phase for the entire project is presented in the below table. Sampling locations are described in the Annex and the number of samples are made in accordance with progress of each work. Table 5.7. Envionmental Monitoring Program Construction phase No Monitored items Construction phase I Monitoring of air quality, noise, vibration 1. Monitoring TSP, CO, NO , SO , Noise (L ), vibration parameters 2 2 eq Measurements taken every three-months, the first monitoring at each 2. Monitoring work item will be within one month since construction frequency commencement. QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 3. Applied Regulation 26:2010/BTNMT; QCVN 27:2010/BTNMT 8 samples, of which: - Technology and Education university: 1 sample - Foreign languge university: 1 sample - International university: 1 sample 4. Monitoring positions - Defencer sport area: 1 sample - Center of Danang university: 1 sample - Technopole center: 1 sample - 40ha infrastructure area: 2 samples (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) III Wastewater quality monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, BOD , COD, TSS, N-NH , N-NO , P-PO , oil & grease, 5 4 3 4 parameters Coliforms Measurements taken every three-months start as early as possible 2.Monitoring after contract signing and continue during the entire construction frequency phase 3. Applied Regulation QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT, column B 7 samples (1 sample per each work item). 4. monitoring Remark: wastewater after treatment from worker's camps (if any) Locations (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) 5.2.1.2. Monitoring Location, Parameters and Frequency on Operation Phase

Final Report 197 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The environmental monitoring and supervision for operation phase for WWTP is presented in the below table. Sampling locations are described in the Annex and the number of samples are made in accordance with progress of each work. Table 5.8. Envionmental monitoring program operation phase

No Monitored items WWTP operation

I Monitoring of noise and air quality 1. Monitoring Odor, TSP, CO, NO , SO , H2S, CH4, Noise (L ) parameters 2 2 eq 2. Monitoring frequency Measurements taken every three-months QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT; QCVN 3. Applied Regulation 26:2010/BTNMT 4 samples: 2 sample in the WWTP; 2 sample in the nearest the 4. Monitoring positions building area toward the end of the main wind direction. (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) II Wastewater quality monitoring 1.Monitoring pH, BOD , COD, H S, N-NH , N-NO , P-PO , oil & grease, 5 2 4 3 4 parameters Coliforms, TSS, các kim loại nặng (Cr, Pb,Cd, As, Hg) 2.Monitoring frequency Measurements taken every three-months

3. Applied Regulation QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, column B 2 samples: 01 sample before treatment and 01 sample after 4. Position monitoring treatment at the discharge point. (Sampling locations are presented in Annex) 5.2.2. Compliance Monitoring and Supervision 5.2.2.1. Environmental Duties of the Contractor The contractor firstly shall adhere to minimize the impact that may be result of the project construction activities and secondly, apply the mitigation measures under ESMP to prevent harm and nuisances on local communities and environment caused by the impacts in construction and operation phases. Prior to construction, the contractor will be required to prepare and submit a contractor’s site- specific Environmental Management Plan (Contractor’s SEMP) to the CSC and PMU based on the ESMP of the project and requirement in the Specification of Bidding Document. The contractor’s site-specific SEMP shall demonstrate compliance with Vietnamese environmental technical regulations/ standards, the mitigation measures set down in the specifications and the World Bank Safeguard Policies. The content of the site-specific SEMP shall be in line with the subproject specific ESMP and shall be enhanced by the Contractor’s works practices, implementation procedures and program. The site-specific SEMP shall be certified by the CSC with subsequent submission to the PMU for approval. No construction activity should be implemented before approval of the contractor’s site-specific SEMP. Remedial actions that cannot be effectively carried out during construction should be carried out on completion of the works (and before issuance of the acceptance of completion of works) The duties of the Contractor include but not limiting to: - Compliance with relevant legislative requirements governing the environment, public health and safety;

Final Report 198 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Work within the scope of contractual requirements and other tender conditions; - Organize representatives of the construction team to participate in the joint site inspections undertaken by the Environmental Staff of the CSC; - Carry out any corrective actions instructed by the Environmental Staff of the PMU and CSC; - In case of non-compliances/discrepancies, carry out investigation and submit proposals on mitigation measures, and implement remedial measures to reduce environmental impact; - Stop construction activities, which generate adverse impacts upon receiving instructions from the Environmental Staff of PMU and CSC. Propose and carry out corrective actions and implement alternative construction method, if required, in order to minimize the environmental impacts; Non-compliance by the Contractor will be cause for suspension of works and other penalties until the non-compliance has been resolved to the satisfaction of the ES of PMU and CSC. 5.2.2.2. Contractor’s Safety, Social and Environmental Officer (SEO) The contractor shall be required to appoint competent staff(s)as the Contractor’s on-site safety, social and environment officer (SEO). The SEO must be appropriately trained in environmental management and must possess the skills necessary to transfer environmental management knowledge to all personnel involved in the contract. The SEO will be responsible for monitoring the contractor's compliance with the ESMP requirements and the environmental specifications. The duties of the SEO shall include but not be limited to the following: - Carry out environmental site inspections to assess and audit the contractors' site practice, equipment and work methodologies with respect to pollution control and adequacy of environmental mitigation measures implemented; - Monitor compliance with environmental protection measures, pollution prevention and control measures and contractual requirements; - Monitor the implementation of environmental mitigation measures; - Prepare audit reports for the site environmental conditions; - Investigate complaints and recommend any required corrective measures; - Advise the contractor on environment improvement, awareness and proactive pollution prevention measures; - Recommend suitable mitigation measures to the contractor in the case of non- compliance. Carry out additional monitoring of noncompliance instructed by the ES of PMU and CSC - Inform the contractor and ES (of PMU and CSC) of environmental issues, submit contractor’s ESMP Implementation Plan to the ES of PMU and CSC, and relevant authorities, if required; - Keep detailed records of all site activities that may relate to the environment. 5.2.2.3. Environmental Supervision during Construction (CSC) During construction phase, a qualified CSC reporting to the PMU shall carry out the environmental supervision. The CSC will assign environmental and social staff(s), will be responsible for inspecting, and supervising all construction activities to ensure that mitigation measures adopted in the ESMP are properly implemented, and that the negative environmental impacts of the subproject are minimized. The CSC shall engage sufficient number of Environmental Supervision Engineers with adequate knowledge on environmental protection and construction project management to perform the required duties and to supervise the Contractor’s performance. Specifically, ES of CSC will:

Final Report 199 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Review and assess on behalf of the PMU whether the construction design meets the requirements of the mitigation and management measures of the ESMP, - Supervise site environmental management system of contractors including their performance, experience and handling of site environmental issues, and provide corrective instructions; - Review the ESMP implementation by the contractors, verify and confirm environmental supervision procedures, parameters, monitoring locations, equipment and results; - Report ESMP implementation status to PMU and prepare the environmental supervision statement during the construction phase; and - Carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during construction period and first-year-operation. 5.2.2.4. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) An IEMC shall be contracted PMU to provide some environmental safeguard training for PMU staff and carry out environmental auditing. The IEMC shall carry out the monitoring, including: - Provide training for PMU and the CSC, and the representatives of the Contractors on socio-environmental, health and safety issues related to construction; - Arrange for HIV /Aids training for the contractor’s workers, CSC team and PMU officers; - Evaluate environmental quality at the areas affected by the construction activities (including site observations, reviewing environmental quality data provided by the CSC, review of other available documents, and supplement sampling if necessary); - Review contractor’s environmental compliance including the implementation of mitigation measures and documentation; - Review PMU and CSC compliance to ESMP. - The IEMC will also provide technical advice and assistance to the PMU and the EO in environmental matters. 5.2.2.5. Compliance with Legal and Contractual Requirements The constructions activities shall comply not only with contractual environmental protection and pollution control requirements but also with environmental protection and pollution control laws of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam. All the works method statements submitted by the Contractor to the CSC and PMU for approval to see whether sufficient environmental protection and pollution control measures have been included. The CSC and PMU shall also review the progress and program of the works to check that relevant environmental laws have not been violated, and that any potential for violating the laws can be prevented. The Contractor shall copy relevant documents to the SEO and the ES of CSC and PMU. The document shall at least include the updated work progress report, the updated work measure, and the application letters for different license/permits under the environmental protection laws, and all the valid license/permit. The SEO and the ES shall also have access, upon request, to the Site Log-Book. After reviewing the documents, the SEO or the ES shall advise the PMU and the contractor of any non-compliance with the contractual and legislative requirements on environmental protection and pollution control for them to take follow-up actions. If the SEO or the ES concludes that the status on license/permit application and any environmental protection and pollution control preparation works may not comply with the work measure or may result in potential violation of environmental protection and pollution control requirements, they shall

Final Report 200 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

advise the Contractor and the PMU accordingly. 5.2.2.6. Environmental Claims and Penalty System In the compliance framework, if non-compliance with environmental regulations are discovered by CSC/ES/IEMC/PMU during the site supervision, 2% values of interim payment of the contractor of this month will be held back. The Contractor will be given a grace period (determined by CSC/PMU) to repair the violation. If the Contractor performs the repairs within the grace period (confirmed by CSC/PMU), no penalty is incurred and keeping money will be pay. However, if the Contractor fails to successfully make the necessary repairs within the grace period, the Contractor will pay the cost for a third party to repair the damages (deduction from keeping money). In case of IEMC/CSC/PMU not detected of non-compliance with environmental regulations of the contractor, they will be responsibility payment to repair the violation.

5.3. Institutional Arrangements and Responsibilities 5.3.1. Institutional Arrangements - Contractors will be responsible for implementing mitigation measures. These measures will be included in bidding documents and their costs are included in construction bid packages; - CSC will be responsible for monitoring the day-to-day implementation of mitigation measures. Related costsare included in the CSC's service contract; - IEMC will be responsible for overall environmental monitoring which includes support to the PMU in implementing environmentalsupervision and monitoring, and responsible for reporting on the implementation through monitoring reports.

WB UD/PMU MONRE

DONRE

PMU’s Environmental Staff(s) anđ Social Staff(s)

CSC Contractor Communities

IEMC Figure 5.5: Organization diagram for ESMP Implementation

Final Report 201 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

5.3.2. Role and Responsibilities Specific responsibility of stakeholders is shown in Table 5.9 below. Table 5.9. Annotation on Roles and Responsibilities Community/Agencies Responsibilities - PMU will be responsible for monitoring the overall subproject implementation, including environmental compliance of the subproject. PMU will have the final responsibility for ESMP implementation and environmental performance of the subproject during the construction and operational phases. - Specifically the PMU will: (i) closely coordinate with local authorities in the participation of the community during subproject preparation and PMU implementation; (ii) Ensure that the detailed design include all (Da Nang University) environment provisions as indicated in the ESMP; (iii) monitor and supervise ESMP implementation including incorporation of ESMP into the detailed technical designs and bidding and contractual documents; (iv) ensure that an environmental management system is set up and functions properly; (v) be in charge of reporting on ESMP implementation to the DONRE and the World Bank. - PMU will assign Environmental Staff(s) (ES) to help with the environmental aspects of the subproject. - The ES is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies in all phases and process of the subproject. Specifically, ES will be responsible for: (i) helping PMU incorporate ESMP into the detailed technical designs and civil works bidding and contractual documents; (ii) helping PMU incorporate responsibilities for ESMP and RAP monitoring and PMU Environmental supervision into the TORs, bidding and contractual documents for the and Social Staff(s) Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) and other safeguard (ES) consultant (IEMC) as needed; iii) providing relevant inputs to the consultant selection process; (iv) reviewing reports submitted by the CSC and safeguard consultants; (v) conducting periodic site checks; (vi) helping the PMU on solutions to handle social and resettlement issues of the subproject; and vii) preparing environmental and social performance section on the progress and review reports to be submitted to the DONRE and the World Bank. - The contractor will assign Enviromental, Social Health and Safety (EHS) staff to carry out Enviromental and Social mitigation measures proposed in ESIA/ESMP. - The Contractor is responsible for establishing a Contractor ESMP (CESMP) for each construction site area, submit the plan to PMU and CSC for review and approval before commencement of construction. - The Contractor get all permissions for construction (traffic control and Contractor diversion, excavation, labor safety, etc. before civil works) following current regulations. - To implement the mitigatation measures specifid in the ESMP,, CESMP, bidding documents etc.. - Actively communicate with local residents and take actions to prevent disturbance during construction. - Ensure that all staff and workers understand the procedure and their tasks in the environmental management program.

Final Report 202 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Community/Agencies Responsibilities - Report to the PMU and CSC on any difficulties and their solutions. - Report to local authority and PMU and CSC if environmental accidents occur and coordinate with agencies and keys stakeholders to resolve these issues. - The CSC will assgin qualified Environmental and Social Staff(s) to supervise the implementation of ESMP and ensure compliance - CSC and will be responsible for routine environmental supervision and reporting during construction phase . - The CSC will also assist the PMU in reporting and maintaining close Construction coordination with the local community. Supervision - The CSC shall arrange for training on HIV/AIDs awareness raising for Consultant (CSC) all workers, CSC team and PMU staff. The cost for this training included in the consulting service contract. - Carry out the periodical environmental quality monitoring during construction period and first-year-operation, prepare periodical environmental monitoring and supervision reports for submission to Vietnamese authorities. - IEMC will provide support to PMU to establish and operate an environmental management system, coordinate with the CSC team to provide trainings to the Contractors on project environmental management requirements Independent - offers suggestions for adjusting and building capacity for relevant Envionmental agencies during subproject implementation and monitor the site-speific Monitoring ESMP implementation. Consultants (IEMC) - IEMC will prepare monitoring reports after each visits. - It will be useful to also specify which party appoints and pays the independent monitoring consultant (IMC). To maintain independence, we suspect the IMC should be appointed and paid directly by the Supervision Board and not by the PMU or contractors. - Community: According to Vietnamese practice, the community has the right and responsibility to routinely monitor environmental Local community performance during construction to ensure that their rights and safety (Hoa Quy ward) are adequately protected and that the mitigation measures are effectively implemented by contractors and the PMU. If unexpected problems occur, they will report to the CSC and PMU. - Oversee implementation of subprojects under recommendations of DONRE and PMU to ensure compliance of Government policy and Provincial DONRE regulations. DONRE is responsible for monitoring the compliance with the Government environmental requirements. - Monitor and inspect environmental safety assurance activities in the District Natural project area Resources and - Check and handle violations. Environment - Guide ward/communal staff in charge of environmental management in Division (Ngu Hanh the locality. Son District) - Periodically report to the Department of Natural Resources and Environment on arising environmental issues.

Final Report 203 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Community/Agencies Responsibilities - Coordinate with stakeholders, participate in research and inspection, and resolve arising environmental incidents. - Coordinate with relevant departments and agencies to monitor, control Environmental police and resolve violations to the Environment Law. division - Handle serious violations, investigate responsibilities of related parties as well as take part in solving serious environmental incidents. Public utility - Coordinate with the PMU and the Contractor to carry out relocation of companies underground works and set up temporary connections at proposed (electricity, water crossings to ensure the continuous provision of basic services for supply, drainage, people's lives. telecommunications, - Take part in dealing with related incidents (fire and explosion of electric etc.) cables, breaks of telecommunication cables, water pipe cracks, etc.

5.4. Subproject Owner Safeguard Capacity At the present, the PMU has no social and environmental safeguard officer as well as experiences implemented a number of ODA projects from various sources such as WB, ADB, JICA, etc. So that, institutional risk is substantial, however, it would be manageable: (i) Although none of the universities have experience in managing safeguards aspects of internationally funded projects, the Universities already have prior experience in managing similar investments financed by the Government. The box below shows the list of similar ongoing projects using different fund sources to support the related issues of UD since 2011 upto now. Similar on-going projects using different fund sources to support the related issues In order to implement basically and comprehensively policies, strategies and development orientations of UD and the Government, investment in infrastructure as well as training, learning and research development programs should be implemented strongly with various sources of capital. Currently, in addition to the completed projects, UD has been investing in projects to achieve those development-oriented results. The following will summarize the projects that have been investing in the UD village, including works completed from 2011: (1) Construction investment project of UD, phase II (2007-2013) The construction project of UD in phase II is approved by the Ministry of Education and Training in Decision No. 3148/QD-BGTĐT of June 19, 2007, total investment of VND 199.3 billion (including 80% of state budget and 20% of the UD). The project has completed compensation, site clearance of about 25.4 ha and completed the construction of items: - Construction items: A2 Classroom (1 block of 5 floors, 2 blocks of 3 floors) – completed in 2011 - Construction of A3 Classroom building (1 block of 4 floors) - and the dormitory (2 blocks of 5 floors). - Technical infrastructure items: Leveling, water supply, storm water drainage, sewage, roads, electricity. The works were completed to serve the training activities of the College of Information Technology, UD. (2) Investment project on construction of the building for postgraduate training, scientific research and technology transfer, UD (2011-2013) Investment project on construction of postgraduate training, scientific research and technology transfer, UD (2011-2013) The investment project on construction of the building for postgraduate training, scientific research and technology transfer, UD was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 113/QD- BGDĐT dated January 8, 2010, with a total of invested VND 27.0 billion using the UD’s own fund source.

Final Report 204 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

Investment project on constructing a 9-floor building and a basement at UD's headquarter with a total floor area of 4,500m2, equipped with elevators, air-conditioning system and synchronous technical system. . The building is to serve the postgraduate training activities, scientific research and technology transfer of UD. (3) Investment project on construction of Petroleum Processing Technology Laboratory - UD (2013-2017) The project was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 4726/QD-BGDDT dated October 30, 2012, with a total investment of VND 57.9 billion funded by the state budget (90%) and legal capital of UD (10%). Content and scale of the project include construction of a laboratory and procurement of specialized equipment for research in the field of oil and gas processing. The work was completed to serve the training and scientific research activities of the University of Technology, UD. (4) Project of Strengthening Research Capacity for Power System Laboratory, University of Technology - UD (2013-2014) The project was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 2275/QD-DHDN dated June 26, 2013, with a total investment of VND 9.4 billion funded by the state budget. Investment project on procurement of equipment to enhance research capacity for the Electrical System Laboratory, University of Technology, UD. (5) Investment project on supporting equipment for pre-doctoral training at the University of Danang in 2014 The project was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training in accordance with Decision No. 4682/QD- BGDDT dated October 20, 2014, with a total investment of VND 1,009 billion using state budget capital. Investment project on purchasing equipment to support pre-doctoral training for the University of Danang (6) Investment project to equip facilities for the Vietnam-UK Research and Education Institute, UD in 2014 The project was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 6153/QD-BGDĐT of December 26, 2014, with a total investment of VND 10.4 billion funded by the state budget. Investment project on procurement of equipment and facilities for the Vietnam-UK Research and Education Institute, UD. (7) Investment project of Biopharmaceutical Laboratory of Vietnam - UK Research and Education Institute (2016-2017) The project was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 3624/QD-BGDDT dated September 20, 2016, with a total investment of VND 1.6 billion funded by the state budget. Investment project on procurement of Biopharmaceutical Laboratory equipment of Vietnam - UK Research and Education Institute, UD. (8) Construction project of multi-purpose building of University of Technology - UD (2014-2018) The project was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 4909/QD-BGDDT dated October 28, 2014, with a total investment of VND 103.6 billion funded by the state budget (50%) and the legal capital of University of Technology UD (50%). Construction project of 10-floor smart building with a total floor area of nearly 7,330m2, equipped with elevators, air conditioners and synchronous technical systems. The work was completed to serve the office and postgraduate scientific research and training activities of the University of Technology, UD. (9) Construction project of University of Danang phase III (2015-2018) Investment project of construction of UD phase III was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 4983/QD-BGDĐT October 30, 2015, with a total investment of 124.2 billion dong financed by the World Bank (VND 100 billion) through the Ministry of Education and Training and the legal capital of UD (VND 24.2 billion). Project implementation period: 2015-2018. The project has completed the construction of 01 building block for working, studying and experimenting for the Department of Medicine and Pharmacy, UD at Hoa Quy - Dien Ngoc, the total construction floor area is 8,127m2. The work is aimed at working and training activities, scientific research of the Faculty of Medicine - Pharmacy, UD. (10) Construction and Investment project of the University of Danang campus in Kon Tum (2015-2018) Investment project on construction of the University of Danang campus in Kon Tum was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 4987/QD-BGDĐT October 30, 2015, with a total investment of VND 109.3 billion. funding of the World Bank through the Ministry of Education and Training. Project implementation period: 2015-2018.

Final Report 205 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

The project has completed construction of the following works: - Multi-purpose building of 7 floors, total construction floor area is 3,790m2. - 4-floor school building, total floor area of construction is 1,315m2. - 4-floor public house, total construction floor area is 946m2 - 2-floor gym and gym, total construction floor area is 910m2. - 4-floor student dormitory, total construction floor area is 2,426m2. - Technical infrastructure and auxiliary items: Leveling, embankment, water tank for fire protection, substation, electrical system, water supply, internal yard for garage. The works are built at UD's campus in Kon Tum, serving teaching and training activities of UD in Kon Tum and Central Highlands areas. (11) Project on construction of A6 building, rehabilitation of the Headquarter and Student dormitory of University of Education - UD (2015-2018) Investment project on construction of facilities of the A6 Building, rehabilitation of the Headquarter and Student Dormitory of the University of Education- UD for investment approval by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 4834/QD- MOIT on October 27, 2015, with a total investment of VND 75 billion funded by the World Bank through the Ministry of Education and Training. The works were completed in order to improve facilities, improve the quality of student training and the working environment of lecturers at the University of Pedagogy, UD. (12) Construction project of Dormitory for Laos students - UD (2015-2018) Investment project on construction of a dormitory for Laos students- UD is approved by Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 4509/QD-BGDĐT October 19, 2015, with total investment of 30.9 billion dong using State budget capital (VND 20 billion) and legal capital of UD. The project has completed the construction of 01 5-floor dormitory for boarding accomdation of Laos student and postgraduate students participating in studying and researching at universities and training disciplines of UD, with the aim of improving regional and international training cooperation. (13) Investment project in upgrading the library system of the Learning Information Resource Center and member units of the University of Danang (2016-2017) The investment project to upgrade the library system of the Learning Information resource center and member units of the University of Danang has been approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under the Investment Decision No. 2931/QD-BGDDT dated August 23, 2016, with total investment of VND 20.2 billion funded by the state budget. The project of investing in upgrading equipment, supporting software ... library system, in order to improve the quality of education for UD's member universities. (14) Project on strengthening research capacity of Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratory (2016- 2017). The project to strengthen the research capacity of the Electronics and Telecommunications Laboratory was approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 5447/QD-BGDĐT of November 16, 2016, with a total investment of 8 billion. plain source of State budget capital. Investment project on procurement of a number of specialized electronic and telecommunication equipment, serving to improve the quality of this specialized research at Polytechnic University, UD. (15) Investment project on construction of multi-purpose building of University of Economics and Business, UD (2017-2020) Investment project on construction of multi-purpose housing for the University of Economics and Business, UD, approved by the Ministry of Education and Training under Decision No. 1580/QD-BGDĐT of May 8, 2015, with a total investment of 79.6 VND billion financed by the legal capital of UD. Construction project of 9-floor building, total construction floor area is 6,490m2, equipped with elevators, air conditioners and synchronous technical systems. The project is under construction and is expected to be completed in October 2020. The project is completed to serve the office and postgraduate research and training activities of the University of Economics, UD. In addition to the above projects, UD has implemented a number of ODA loan projects such as: (16) Higher Education Learning program 2 (HELP2) (2007-2012) The project of building "research-teaching" nuclei to contribute to improving the quality of training and scientific research, technology transfer and gradually turning UD into a research university:

Final Report 206 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Starting date: December 1, 2007 - End date: June 30, 2012 - Total project value: 3,500,000 USD. ( WB fund: 3,150,000 USD) - Additional funding for the project: USD 223,000 (WB source: USD 200,000) - Development Credit Agreement No. 4328-VN of November 22, 2007, between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the International Development Association (IDA); - Decision No. 7656/QD-BGDDT of December 3, 2007 of the Minister of Education and Training approving Program documents, Implementation-monitoring plans, training, research, bidding, The finance of UD belongs to the Higher Education Project 2. - Objectives: The main objective of the TRIG program of the University of Danang is to build a number of "research-teaching nuclei", incorporating teaching and scientific research and technology transfer. in order to improve the quality of training high-quality human resources, contributing to accelerating the process of industrialization and modernization in the Central area and western highland. (17) Technological education development project for highly qualified workforces at 3 technical universities (2006-2010) - Implementation time: 2006-2010. - Total project value: 5,257,891 euros (WB capital) and 24,960,523,600 VND (reciprocal capital). - Decision No. 5801/QD - BGDDT of October 16, 2006 of the Ministry of Education and Training and Decision No. 3643/QD - BGDĐT of July 10, 2007 of the Ministry of Education and Training; - The supply contract No. 3 between the Ministry of Education and Training (Vietnam) and EMCO Maier Ges.mbH (Austria) on January 24, 2007 and Appendix 10 amending and supplementing the signed contract July 10, 2007. - Objective: To provide CIM, CNC, CAD/CAM technology support and equipment for training, research and development for three technical universities, training high-level technical human resources for the process. developing Vietnam's industrialization and modernization, promoting and cooperating with production according to modern production processes with industries. An assessment of safeguards implementation capacity of existing PMU staffs indicate that PMU staffs have limited knowledge on WB safeguard requirements as well as limited knowledge of environment and social issues. Such lack of capacity represents a risk to subproject implementation of safeguards requirements contained in the ESMP and, as required by the WB policy, is to be addressed through capacity building. Therefore, it is proposed to provide capacity building through technical assistance that will support the PMU during the implementation of the safeguards requirements. The technical assistance will provide the necessary technical support the PMU in its work with contractors as well as other entities involved in the implementation of the ESMP. The scope of the technical assistance would cover support from experts and training that would cover both the knowledge on safeguards requirements and procedures for the subproject as well as training that covers both specific knowledge on safeguard procedures and requirement for the subproject staffs, consultants, and national contractor would be important. This would include, for example, assistance in the preparation of documents and implementation of training program on environmental management and environmental monitoring for contractors, CSC and relevant staffs of PMU (environmental staffs and coordinators of packages) to do their tasks. It would also include assisting the PMU’s environmental staffs with the review of contract documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the subproject to ensure compliance with environmental protection policies and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements as well as provide general environmental guidance as requested by the PMU to enhance overall subproject implementation and performance. Given the nature, locations, and scale of construction, it is anticipated that the safeguard technical assistance support and training will be provided at least during the first 3 years of the subproject implementation. The WB safeguard specialists will participate in the capacity building in particular in the training activities as appropriate.

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5.5. Capacity building, training The Table 6.7 below provides a typical training program on safeguard reqjuirements . Training programs will be developed and implemented by IEMC team in coordination with the CSC Environmental Officer. - Trainee groups: the PMU staff, the ESO department staff, the field engineers (FE), construction supervision consultants (CSC), the contractors, representatives of relevant stakeholders and local communities in the project area. The contractors take the responsibility for training workers and drivers. - Training Schedule: Training will be given at least one month before performing the first construction contract. Subsequent training sessions can be modified to suit the construction schedule for project components. - Frequency of training: The basic training programs given in the table below will be provided every 6 months annually, and the contents will be updated and tailored to items to be implemented. Training programs for PMU staff are expected to continue in the first years of the Project. Three-day training for CSC and contractors is also planned to take place twice a year for at least 2 years. Table 5.10. Advanced Training Program on Environmental Monitoring Management Capacity I. Subjects PROJECT MANAGEMENT UNIT Training course Environmental monitoring and reporting Participants Staff in charge of environmental issues; environmental managers Training frequency Immediately after the project becomes valid effective, but at least one month prior to the first bid package. The next training will be planned on demand. Duration One day Content Project-related general environmental management including the request from World Bank, Department of Natural Resources and Environment, in collaboration with competent authorities and concerned stakeholders; Environmental monitoring for the Subproject includes: - Requirements of environmental monitoring; - Monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures; - Guiding and monitoring contractors, CSC and community representatives in the implementation of environmental monitoring; - Forms used in environmental monitoring processes; - Reaction and risk control; - Manner of receiving and submit forms; - Other issues to be determined. Responsibility With the help of the Technical Assistance Team, the Independent environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC) and PMU implement safety policies. II. Subjects CSC, CONTRACTORS, REPRESENTATIVESOF LOCAL AUTHORITIES (WARDS/COMMUNES), COMMUNITIES Training course Implementation of mitigation measures Participants CSC; construction engineers, site construction field manager. Staff in charge of environment issues, the contractor; representatives of local authorities; representatives of urban groups Training frequency Shortly after awarding contracts to the contractors with updates on demand Duration Two-day training for CSC and contractors, and one-day training for others Content - Overview of the overall environmental monitoring; - Requirements of environmental monitoring;

Final Report 208 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- The roles and responsibility of the contractors and CSC; - The content and method of environmental monitoring; - Reaction and risk control; - Introducing monitoring forms and instructing on filling out forms and reporting incidents; - Arrange for HIV /Aids training - Other issues to be determined - Preparing and submitting reports Responsibility With the help of technical assistance teams, PMU, the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC) implement safety policies. III. Subjects COMMUNITIES/ WORKERS Training course Safety and environmental sanitation Participants Representatives of workers (team leaders) working directly for the project components Training frequency As appropriate Duration One day of presentation and one day of on-site presentation Content - Brief presentation on safety issues and overview on the environment; - Key issues requiring the attention of the community and construction workers to mitigating safety risks (land roads, waterways, equipment, machinery, etc.) as well as reducing pollution (dust, exhaust gases, oil spills, waste management, etc.); - Management of safety and environmental sanitation on site and at workers’ camps; - Mitigation measures applied on site and camps; - Safety measures for electricity, mechanical engineering, transportation, air pollution; - Methods of dealing with emergency situations; - The rights and responsibilities of environmental monitoring - Environmental monitoring, environmental monitoring form - Arrange for HIV /Aids training for the contractor’s workers - Measures to mitigate the social impact and monitoring implementation - Other issues to be determined Responsibility Contractors, PMU with the assistance of IEMC

5.6. Reporting ESMP monitoring and reporting requirements are summarized in table 5.11. Table 5.11. Regular Reporting Requirements No. Report Prepared by Submitted to Frequency of Reporting 1 Contractor to the PMU Once before construction commences and Employer monthly thereafter 2 Construction Supervision PMU Weekly and monthly consultant (CSC) 4 Community PMU After each periodical monitoring 5 IEMC PMU Every six-month 6 PMU DONRE Every six-month 7 PMU WB Every six-month

Final Report 209 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

5.7. Estimated Costs

5.7.1. Estimated Costs for Environmental Monitoring Program According to the unit price of environmental monitoring in the locality, the estimated cost for environmental quality monitoring of the project is stated in the table below: Table 5.12. Estimated Cost for Samples and Analysis No. Content Unit Quantity Price Total (1 USD = 23,500 VND) VND VND USD I Construction phase 1 University of Technology 40,000,000 1,702 Air, noise, vibration sample 8 3,000,000 24,000,000 1,021 Wastewater sample 8 2,000,000 16,000,000 681 University of Foreign 2 60,000,000 Languages 2,553 Air, noise, vibration sample 12 3,000,000 36,000,000 1,532 Wastewater sample 12 2,000,000 24,000,000 1,021 3 International University 0 40,000,000 1,702 Air, noise, vibration sample 8 3,000,000 24,000,000 1,021 Wastewater sample 8 2,000,000 16,000,000 681 4 Multi-purpose sport complex 0 40,000,000 1,702 Air, noise, vibration sample 8 3,000,000 24,000,000 1,021 Wastewater sample 8 2,000,000 16,000,000 681 5 Executive building 0 40,000,000 1,702 Air, noise, vibration sample 8 3,000,000 24,000,000 1,021 Wastewater sample 8 2,000,000 16,000,000 681 6 Technopole center 0 60,000,000 2,553 Air, noise, vibration sample 12 3,000,000 36,000,000 1,532 Wastewater sample 12 2,000,000 24,000,000 1,021 Construction of technical 7 0 48,000,000 infrastructure for 40ha 2,043 Air, noise, vibration sample 12 3,000,000 36,000,000 1,532 Wastewater sample 6 2,000,000 12,000,000 511 lump- 6 Reporting 20 10,000,000 200,000,000 sum 8,511 Total I 488,000,000 20,766 Operation phase (for first II year) -

1 WWTP 64,000,000 2,723 Air, noise, vibration sample 8 3,000,000 24,000,000 1,021 Wastewater sample 8 5,000,000 40,000,000 1,702 lump- 3 Reporting 6 15,000,000 90,000,000 sum 3,830 Total II 154,000,000 6,553 TOTAL 642,000,000 27,319 5.7.2. Estimated cost for IEMC Estimated cost for IEMC is presented in the table 5.13:

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Table 5.13. Estimated Costs of IEMC (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 23,500 VND) Unit price Sub-total Sub-total No Content Unit Amount (VND) (VND) (USD) Experts’salary 1 (3 persons x 20 man- person-month 60 25,000,000 1,500,000,000 23,500 month/person) Accommodation, expenses 2 person-day 150 500,000 75,000,000 3,191 for business trip

3 Travel expenses Trip/ person 50 5,000,000 250,000,000 10,638

4 Office and communication month 30 3,000,000 90,000,000 3,830 Total 1,915,000,000 81,489 5.7.3. Estimated Costs for Training Program Estimated cost for training program on environmental monitoring management capacity is presented in the table 5.14: Table 5.14. Estimated Costs for Training and Capacity Building (Exchange rate: 1 USD = 22,500 VND) Training Trainee Unit Quatit Price Total content y VND VND USD I. Environmental monitoring and reporting Staff in charge of PMU environmental issues; 2 15,000,000 30,000,000 1,277 environmental managers course II. Implementation of mitigation measures Stage 1 (30% CSC; Construction 5 15,000,000 75,000,000 3,191 of total works) engineers, site manager course Stage 7 (70% CSC; Construction 10 15,000,000 150,000,000 6,383 of total works) engineers, site manager course III. Safety and environmental sanitation

Stage 1 (30% Representatives of 3 10,000,000 30,000,000 1,277 of total works) workers course Stage 7 (70% Representatives of 5 10,000,000 50,000,000 2,128 of total works) workers course Total: 335,000,000 14,255 5.7.4. Total Estimated Costs for ESMP Implementation The following table provides a cost estimate for the implementation of environmental management plan (ESMP). The cost of ESMP11 implementation will include (i) the costs of implementing mitigation measures by the contractor, (ii) expenses supervised by CSC, (iii) cost of the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC), (iv) the costs of environmental quality monitoring, (v) the cost of safety management for the PMU, including both technical assistance in implementing safety policies and training programs. The costs of implementing

11Excluding costs for RP implementation and independent monitoring the performance of RP/EMP

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mitigation measures during construction will be a part of the value of construction contracts, while the costs for a site-specific environmental monitoring plan (SEMP) by the construction supervision consultant (CSC) will be provided in construction supervision contracts. The costs of the PMU operations relating to EMP are allocated from the project management budget of the PMU, including safety training programs, and basic allowances to participants in the monitoring programs. After the project has been completed, the costs of environmental monitoring of constructed works will be taken from the operation and maintenance budget of the city. It should be noted that the involvement of the community in the process of ESMP implementation is completely voluntary participation for the benefit of own community and households. The following table 5.15 provides the estimated costs for environmental quality monitoring and IEMC (in accordance with national practices) for reference purposes. However, final costs will be updated in the detailed design phase. Table 5.15. Estimated Costs of ESMP Implementation Content Items of UD sub-project (USD) (a) Mitigation during construction As a part of the contract (b) Monitoring safeguard compliance during As a part of the cost for Construction construction Supervision Consulting (CSC) (c) PMU’s units in charge of environmentalsafety As part of the costs for the PMU policies (d) Environmental quality monitoring 27,319 (e) Independent environmental monitoring 81,489 consulting (IEMC) (f) Capacity building programs on safeguard 14,255 policies

5.8. Grievance redress mechanism (GRM)

Within the Vietnamese legal framework, citizen rights to complain are protected. As part of overall implementation of the project, a grievance redress mechanism (GRM) will be developed by the ESU of the PMU, according procedures, responsible persons and contact information will be developed. It will be readily accessible to ensure that grievances shall be handled and resolved at the lowest level as quickly as possible. The mechanism will provide a framework within which complaints about environmental and safety issues can be handled, grievances can be addressed and disputes can be settled promptly. The GRM will be in place before construction commencement. During construction, the GRM will be managed by the contractors under supervision of the CSC. The contractors will inform the affected communities and communes about the GRM availability to handle complaints and concerns about the project. This will be done via the community consultation and information disclosure process under which the contractors will communicate with the affected communities and interested authorities on a regular basis. Meetings will be held at least quarterly, monthly information brochures will be published, announcements will be placed in local media, and notices of upcoming planned activities will be posted, etc. All complaints and corresponding actions undertaken by the contractors will be recorded in project safeguard monitoring reports. Complaints and claims for damages could be lodged as follows:

Final Report 212 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Verbally: direct to the CSC and/ or the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives at the site offices. - In writing: by hand-delivering or posting a written complaint to specified addresses. - By telephone, fax, e-mails: to the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives. Upon receipt of a complaint, the CSC, the contractors’ safeguard staff or representatives will register the complaint in a complaint file and maintain a log of events pertaining to it thereafter, until it is resolved. Immediately after receipt, four copies of the complaint will be prepared. The original will be kept in the file, one copy will be used by the contractor’s safeguard staff, one copy will be forwarded to the CSC, and the fourth copy to the PMU within 24 hours since receipt of the complaint. Information to be recorded in the complaint log will consist of: - The date and time of the complaint. - The name, address and contact details of the complainant. - A short description of the complaint. - Actions taken to address the complaint, including contact persons and findings at each step in the complaint redress process. - The dates and times when the complainant is contacted during the redress process. - The final resolution of the complaint. - The date, time and manner in which the complainant was informed thereof. - The complainant’s signature when resolution has been obtained. Minor complaints will be dealt with within one week. Within two weeks (and weekly thereafter), a written reply will be delivered to the complainant (by hand, post, fax, e-mails) indicating the procedures taken and progress to date. The main objective will be to resolve an issue as quickly as possible by the simplest means, involving as few people as possible, and at the lowest possible level. Only when an issue cannot be resolved at the simplest level and/ or within 15 days, will other authorities be involved. Such a situation may arise, for example, when damages are claimed, the to-be-paid amount cannot be resolved, or damage causes are determined. Grievance Redress Mechanism for affected person who lose means of income/livelihoods, are Summarised in the Table 5.16 below. Table 5.16. Grievance Redress Mechanism First Stage – PAP may submit their complaint – either in written or verbal, to the office Ward/Comnune of the Ward/Commune People’s Committee. W/C PC will receive the People’s Committee complaints and will notifythe W/C PC leaders of the complaint. The (WPC): Chairman of the W/C PC will meet the complainant in person and will solve it within 15 days following the receipt of the complaint. Second Stage – After 15 days since the submission of the complaints, if the aggrieved City/District People’s person does not have any response from the W/C PC, or if the aggrieved Committee (C/DPC): person is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, the PAP may take the case, either in written or verbal, to the Reception Unit of City/District People’s Committee. The City/District People’s Committee will have 30 days since the date of receipt of the complaint to resolve the case. The City/District People’s Committee will register all the complaints submitted and will inform the District Board for Compensation and Land Acquisition of the City/District PC’s resolution/assessment results. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish.

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Third Stage – After 30 days, if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the City/District Provincial People’s PC, or if the PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her Committee): complaint, the PAP may escalate the case, either in writing or verbal, provincial People’s Committee, or lodge an administrative case with the City/District People’s Court for resolution. The provincial PC will have 45 days to resolve the complaint to the satisfaction of all the concerned. The provincial PC secretariat is also responsible for registering all complaints that are submitted. Aggrieved person may elevate the case to the Courts of Law if they wish Final Stage - Courts of After 45 days following the submission of the complaint at provincial PC, Law: if the aggrieved PAP does not hear from the provincial PC, or if PAP is not satisfied with the decision taken on his/her complaint, PAP may take the case to a Courts of Law for adjudication. Decision by the court will be the final decision. Decision on solving the complaints must be sent to the aggrieved PAPs and concerned parties, and must be posted at the office of the People’s Committee where the complaint is solved. After 3 days, the decision/result on resolution must be made available at ward level and after 7 days at the district level. Grievance redress mechanism of the UD: Currently, UD has a Legal Inspection Board whose responsibibility is to advise the UD's Director to deal with complaints and comments, to be specifc: ✓ Arrange weekly schedule to work with local citizens; ✓ Method of receiving complaints/comments: by the official mailbox, email which have been set up (may emailed directly to the university director or via the common mailbox of UD) ✓ Grievance redress procedure is as follows: (i) classify complaints; (ii) send complaints to the Legal Inspection Board; (iii) Respond to comments within the board’s responsibility or transfer to the UD’s Director for consultation; (iv) Respond to the complainant in writing or directly (if necessary). In general, the UD’s current grievance redress procedure is effective and can be applied to the UD's subproject (funded by WB). Besides, it is nessecery to establish a local proponent-stakeholder liaison group, or even a complaint hotline at the working/neighborhood level can facilitate the resolution of minor issues promptly and prevent the escalation of grievances and complaints. The World Bank’s Grievance Redress Mechanism: Communities and individuals who believe that they are adversely affected by a WB-financed project may submit complaints to the available project-level grievance redress mechanism or the WB’s Grievance Redress Service (GRS). The GRS will ensure that complaints received are promptly reviewed to adddress project-related concerns. The affected communities and individuals of the project may submit their complaints to the WB’s independent Inspection Panel that will determine whether harms occurred, or can occur, as a result of WB non-compliance with its policies and procedures. Complaints may be submitted at anytime after concerns have been brought directly to the WB’s attention, and the Bank Management has been given an opportunity to respond. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank’s corporate Grievance Redress Service (GRS), please visit www.worldbank.org/grs. For information on how to submit complaints to the World Bank Inspecition Panel, please visit www.inspectionpanel.org.

Final Report 214 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

CHAPTER 6. PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE

6.1. Objectives and principles of public consultation During the environmental impact assessment, public consultation and disclosure of information are conducted to ensure consensus of local authorities, local non-governmental organizations and local affected community in the project area. Community’s involvement is one of basic conditions to ensure local support and it also represents viewpoint of local authority and community on the project. By public consultation, some undefined advert impacts and mitigation measures can be identified and added in the report. In practice, it will be better for information exchange and update between project’s implementer and the community if there is public involvement from the project preparation. In that case, the project can get valuable idea contribution from local community. Public consultation is specifically required by the World Bank’s environmental and social safeguard policies. The public consultation in preparation of the subproject ESIA also must comply with the requirements in the Government’s Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated 13 May 2019 and Decree No. 18/2015/ND-CP dated 14 February 2015 on environmental protection planning, strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan, and Circular No. 27/2015/TT-BTNMT dated 29 May 2015 of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment on strategic environmental assessment, environmental impact assessment and environmental protection plan. Additionally, the public consultation of the UD sub-project should be based on the Bank's safeguard policies (OP4.01). 6.1.1. The objectives of public consultation - To share all information on the items and tentative activities of the Subproject with local community and stakeholders; - To gather opinions/comments and concerns from local authorities and the community on local particularities and environmentally sensitive matters in the subproject area, especially matters that the environmental assessment impact group has not been aware of. On such basis, the concerns of the local community may be proposed for proper settlement during the selection of subproject design options; - To collect opinions/comments from the local community on the Subproject’s tasks in the preparation of the ESIA as well as comments on the draft ESIA to adequately and precisely assess environmental impacts and propose the most effective and feasible mitigation measures for negative environmental impacts. 6.1.2. Basic principle for public consultation - Following provisions in Clause 4, Article 12, Decree No.18/NĐ-CP dated 14/02/2015 and Decree No. 40/2019/ND-CP dated 13 May 2019 promulgated by the Government on information disclosure and consultation with project affected community. - For projects classified as category A, public consultation should be conducted twice after the first draft of ESIA is prepared. 6.1.3. Public consultation at residential area Consultation on environmental issues is conducted after completion of the first draft of the ESIA. For Da Nang subproject, the first consultation on social and environmental issues was conducted from 4 - 8/11/2019 in Hoa Quy ward and Ngu Hanh Son district; additional consultations in some areas where there can be specific impacts such as teachers and students from the existing university/colleges.

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The second consultation on social and environmental issues will be conducted on the last Dec 2019 (from 23 to 27 December 2019) in Hoa Quy ward and existing universities/colleges.. Main consultation content: - Presenting technical solution for work items in residential areas. - Summary on social and environmental impacts and propose mitigation measures - Discussion and contribution of ideas/comments on social and environmental impacts and mitigation measures - Project’s investment owner feedbacks. - Meeting conclusion Meeting members include: - Leaders of commune/township People’s Committees, Fatherland Front Committee. - Representatives of organizations, unions (Women’s Union, Youth Union, Elderly Association, Veterans Association, Farmer Union...). - Head of village/residential group under the project. - Representatives of affected households. - Representative of project’s investment owner In addition, during ESIA preparation progress, consultations with leaders, lecturers and students of Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, College of Information Technology, and the Dormitory in the project area were conducted because they are the directly affected people. Participants in existing faculties/schools include: - Representatives of existing faculties/schools - Lecturers/staff of existing faculties/schools - Students are studying at schools and staying in dormitories. - Project Owner. 6.1.4. Consultation with Commune/township People’s Committee/Fatherland Front Committee Project’s investment owner had the written document (enclosed with summary report of the ESIA) to consult with commune/township People’s Committees and Fatherland Front about idea contribution into social and environmental impacts and mitigation measures for the project. People’s Committees of project communes/townships also commented, contributed ideas and made recommendations on the project’s environmental impacts and implementation of mitigation measures. 6.2. Public consultation results Public consultations were organized with participation of mentioned members including local authority, local mass organizations and affected people. In order to facilitate people in expressing their opinions and wishes, the consultations were openly organized using questionnaires on the situation and consequences of some previous natural disasters, from which participated organization and people could express their wishes and requirement.

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6.2.1. Results of consultation with the communities Table 6.1. Results of the first consultation with the communities Responses from investment No Time and location Participants Comments from local community owners and consultants • The subproject owner is • Vice Chairman of Ngu Hanh Son quickly preparing the • This project has been suspended over 20 years, local district PC subproject documents with authorities and people hope that the project will be soon • Department of Natural WB's fund. The subproject implemented. Resources and Environment will expect to implement in • Department of 2020-2025. Urban/Construction • Provide documents, statistical data and social- Management environmental shortcomings of the area in particular and • This database will be updated Ngu Hanh Son district • Office of district PC 1 the subproject area in general (through depth-interview during the ESIA preparation 8h00' on 4 Nov 2019 • Department of Statistics with leaders) • Ngu Hanh Son Land Fund • This database will be updated Development Center • Issues on land acquisition, site clearance in the subproject during the ESIA and RAP area (through-depth interview with leader of LFDC) • Chairman of Quy Hoa ward PC preparation • Leader and officers of University of Da Nang • Local leaders will create favorable conditions for the • Thanked and acknowledged • Consultant Contractors and Consultants to conduct consultations, comments of the communities Participants: 15 people socio-economic and environmental survey to prepare and local authoritites reports at request of WB. • The subproject owner is • Secretary of Hoa Quy ward quickly preparing the • Chairman of Quy Hoa ward PC • Because of over 20 suspension, the abandoned land has subproject documents with • Representatives of the ward mass been flooded in case of rain, we would like the subproject WB's fund. The subproject Hoa Quy ward organizations (Women's Union, will be soon implemented. 2 will expect to implement in 8h00' on 5 Nov 2019 Farmer's Union, Youth Union, 2020-2025. Fatherland Front, etc.) • The time for the subproject preparation should be clear so • Representatives of some • The subproject Owner is households, head and vice heads that people can grasp and coordinate with the implementing unit. making an effort in early

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Responses from investment No Time and location Participants Comments from local community owners and consultants of residential quarters in the project preparation and to subproject area apply for a WB’s ODA loan. • Specialized officers of the University of Da Nang • Consultant • The Subproject Owner will inform the Decision on site Participants: 22 people • Decision on site clearance of the subproject must be clearance of the subproject to infomed local people. local people by current requirements • Record people’s comments in the subproject preparation • Before construction, a resettlement area must be built to documents and propose ensure the people’s life. suitable/feasible mitigation measures. • Danang PPC has also prepared • Social wellfare must be ensured: resettlement area nad the resettlement site project infrastructure must be fully built. for all relocated households by UD subproject. • The Subproject Owner has also prepared the RAP • Support vulnerable groups (single, elderly women) included the Livelihood restoration program for AHs. • The Subproject Owner should • Security orders must be ensured because the number of contact with the local students and services is expected to increase, so that authorities to control social suitable mitigation measures should be proposed. problems ensure the security condition at the local. • Assessment after relocation and job seeking assistance is • The Subproject Owner has required. also prepared the RAP

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Responses from investment No Time and location Participants Comments from local community owners and consultants included the Livelihood restoration program for AHs.

Consultation with each group of households about their socio- economic – environemental issues through questionnaires. • Danang PPC has also prepared Comments recorded are as below: the resettlement site project for all relocated households by • Local people are upset because of long-term suspension UD subproject. The of the project that affects living conditions of local people resettlement site will built (their houses become run-down due to flooding in case of fully social and infrastructure rain when surrounding infrastructure has not been system. invested) • The subproject owner is Residential quarters of • Representatives of 70 households quickly preparing the 60, 61, 62 – Quy Hoa in the project area • Local people hope the subproject Owner and local people 3 subproject documents with ward • Quy Hoa ward PC will either implement the project or remove it so that their WB's fund. The subproject living conditions will be improved. from 6 to 8 Nov 2019 • Consultants will expect to implement in 2020-2025. • Local people expected that land acquisition for the project • Danang PPC has also prepared must be satisfactorily compensated. Resettlement area the resettlement site project must be constructed with full infrastructure to ensure that for all relocated households by replaced households will not face difficulties like what UD subproject. The they are facing due to the suspended subproject; job resettlement site will built seeking support will be needed to help local people fully social and infrastructure stabilize their life. system.

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Table 6.2. Results of the second public consultation with the communities Responses of the subproject No. Time and location Participants Comments from local community Owner • The people were very upset about the delay in • Local authorities and implementation of the University of Danang Village consultants have listened, project, which led to their very difficult living conditions discussed and responded to due to the lack of construction and repair of houses. people's comments as needed in People expect the project to be implemented soon so that the project preparation phase. they can stabilize their lives and develop their economy. Consultation minutes and brief • Secretary of Quy Hoa ward content of consultation are • Chairman of Quy Hoa ward • Resettlement and site clearance progress is a top concern attached in the Appendix. The PC of affected households. People want a stable life where interests of those affected by the • Representatives of the ward they can build house, have a clean walkway, and have a project raised in the mass organizations (Women's hygienic living environment. consultations were reflected in Union, Farmer's Union, the RAP. Youth Union, Fatherland • People also expressed concerns about assistance when Quy Hoa ward PC Front, etc.) graves are relocated to the city's central cemetery in Hoa • Measures to minimize impacts 1 8h30' on 25/12/2019 • Representatives of some Ninh. Based on the provided information such as on social life and ensure safety households, head and vice compensation policy, assistance for relocation of the for the community were heads of residential quarters grave; relocation location and information previously proposed in the ESIA and RAP in the subproject area provided by the local authorities, people all agreed with reports. • Specialized staffs of the project's relocation policy. University of Da Nang • Security orders must be ensured throughout the • The Subproject Owner expects • Consultants construction phase as there will be a large number of the locality to support the local Participants: 25 people workers and long construction period so as not to disturb order and security during the people’s living conditions. project implementation. • The Subproject Owner should • Ensure traffic safety during the construction period contact with the Public because there will be many trucks carrying materials on Transport Unit to setup the main roads by arranging traffic signs and regulators at warning sign and traffic lamp at intersections in the area. the university's entrance.

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Responses of the subproject No. Time and location Participants Comments from local community Owner • The subproject owner is quickly preparing the subproject • Agree to support the project as local people have been documents with WB's fund. The looking forward to the project for many years. subproject will expect to implement in 2020-2025. Hai An pagoda – Quy • Abbot of Hai An pagoda • The pagoda agrees with the relocation plan approved by • Specialized staffs of 2 Hoa ward the city and new land to rebuild Hai An pagoda has been • The Subproject Owner will University of Da Nang 13h30' on 24/12/2019 arranged. However, as the pagoda construction will be relocate only after the new • Consultants longer than the project plan, the pagoda proposes to pagoda construction is relocate only after the new pagoda construction is completed. completed. • The pagoda will support the project as much as possible • The Subproject Owner thanks and convince local people to do so. the head of Hai An pagoda • The subproject owner is quickly preparing the subproject • Agree to support the project as local people have been documents with WB's fund. The looking forward to the project for many years. subproject will expect to • Security guard of Khai Tay implement in 2020-2025. Security guard of Khai Sanctuary • The Subproject Owner agree 3 Tay Sanctuary • Specialized staffs of with Khai Tay Sanctuary • Khai Tay Sanctuary proposes not to be relocated and proposes that is not to be 14h30' on 24/12/2019 University of Da Nang remains current status for local people's beliefs. • Consultant relocated and remains current status for local people's beliefs. • Thanks and notes comments of • The Sanctuary will support the project as much as Security guard of Khai Tay possible and convince local people to do so. Sanctuary.

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6.2.2. Results of consultation with the students and lectures of existing univesities Table 6.3. The results of consultation with students and lectuters in the existing university/colleges Participant No Location and time Community’s comment Investor’s feedbacks

• The subproject owner is quickly preparing the subproject • The construction schedule must be complied with. documents with WB's fund. The subproject will expect to implement in 2020-2025. • The Subproject Owner shall • Arrangement of functional departments must be request the subsubproject consulted with beneficiaries to ensure the suitable design contractor to work design. closely with the units to ensure • Some officers and students of the suitable design. Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy and the College of • The Subproject Owner shall Hall of the College of Information Technology request the construction The first • Erect fence and cover the construction site to contractor to construct the Information Technology • Chairman of Quy Hoa ward PC consultation reduce noise and dust to spread to surrounding corrugated sheet barrier and 14h00' on 6 Nov 2019 • Specialized officers of Da Nang area. grid to cover the high-rise Universit y storeys during subsubproject • Consultants construction. Participants: 32 people • The Subproject Owner shall request the contractor to build • Do not use the main roads for transportation of the work roads to ascess the construction machines and materials sites from Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road directly. • The Subproject Owner shall request the construction • Worker camps must be far from the Dormitory; contractor to set up camps far the Dormitory.

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Participant No Location and time Community’s comment Investor’s feedbacks

• The Subproject Owner will request the construction units to arrange at least 2 persons to • Safety must be ensured to students and officers control the traffic in rush hour. when going in/out of the university by placing The Subproject Owner should traffic safety signs, assigning an officer to contact with the Public regulate vehicles in study finishing time. Transport Unit to setup the warning sign and traffic lamp at the university's entrance. • The Subproject Owner shall request the contractors that • Noise-generating activities shall not be must not be implemented Large implemented during studying period. Noise-generating activities during studying hours. • Agree with impacts and mitigation measures • Thanks and notes comments of presented by the Project Owner and Consultant/ teachers and students. • Some staffs and students in the • The Subproject Owner shall Faculty of Medicine and request the construction Pharmacy and College of • It is required to fencing the subproject site to contractor to construct the The main hall of the Information Technology – reduce noise, dust and waste spreading in corrugated sheet barrier and The second College of Information University of Da Nang surrounding area. grid to cover the high-rise consultation Technology • Specialized staffs of the storeys during subsubproject 8h30' on 24/11/2019 University of Da Nang construction. • Consultant • The Subproject Owner shall request the contractor to build • Participants: 27 people • The main road will not allowed to be used for the work roads to ascess the transporting machines and construction materials. sites from Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road directly.

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Participant No Location and time Community’s comment Investor’s feedbacks

• The Subproject Owner shall • Worker camps must be far from the Dormitory; request the construction Ensure safety for students and staffs when the contractor to set up camps far transportation means go in or out of the site by the Dormitory and setup the plugging traffic signs, appointing staff to direct warning sign and traffic lamp at the traffic at school finishing time. the university's entrance. • The Subproject Owner shall • Large Noise-generating activities (piling/pile request the contractors that pesing) will not be implemented at the university must not be implemented Large finishing time. Noise-generating activities during studying hours. • There will be a multi-complex • Different functional complex for entertainment, sport work item that invest sport and walking should be arranged. under UD subproject . • Lighting at night should be provided to ensure • The Subproject Owner shall safety for students to come the dormitory lately request the construction from the library and to walk within the contractor to set up a full University’s campus. lighting system at night. 6.3. Information disclosure The first draft ESIA in Vietnamese had been published at the offices of Hoa Quy ward PC, Ngu Hanh Son DPC and the PMU on Feb, 2020 for public consultation. Basing themselves on the contents of the ESIA, the local people could get the subproject information and contribute their opinions/comments on environmental issues. The final draft ESMP in Vietnamese language was disclosed at the offices of of Hoa Quy ward PC, Ngu Hanh Son DPC and the PMU on March 2020 for public consultation. The final draft ESMP in English will be disclosed at the World Bank's internal and external websites on March, 2020.

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Public consultation pictures:

Consultation with Ngu Hanh Son district Consultation with Hoa Quy ward Consultation with local people

Consultation with students and lecturers Consultation with students and lecturers Consultation with the head of Hai An pagoda

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CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Overall, the subproject would bring about significant positive socio-environmental impacts. Most of these positive impacts are expected to be achieved during the operation phase of the subproject. Once the subproject is completed and the listed facilities are put into operation, the subproject area would be benefited greatly. Besides, the subproject will be an important base for successful implementation of the Scheme on comprehensive implementation of Da Nang University toward 2025, on the vision to 2035. Apart from social positive impacts, once the UD subproject comes into operation, it will bring about positive impacts on environment: (i) form a university urban geology area with green space and creative area, etc. creating positive academic climate for students and lecturers of the University; (ii) Increase the coverage of green trees within the University campus; (iii) invest high-end infrastructure with water, wastewater, solid waste collection system in accordance with the standards; (iv) have environmental friendly structures with the purpose of using green energy and energy saving. On the other hand, some potential negative environmental and social impacts and risks may also happen during the construction and operation of the facilities provided under the subproject. These include increased dust, noise and gas emission, vibrations, generation of solid wastes and wastewater, surface water quality reduction, traffic disturbance and increased traffic safety risks, damages to existing infrastructure (power/water supply, drainage etc.) and disruption of related services increased localized flooding/sedimentation, health and safety issues for the public and the workers etc. These impacts are predicted to be at moderate level, and manageable through the environmental and social management plan proposed for this subproject. Therefore, the subproject should be implemented. Recommend that the UD should still strive to reduce and mitigate the impacts during subproject implementation as far as possible, and to ensure that developments, if carefully designed and managed, can be green, clean and climate smart.

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ANNEXES

ANNEX 1. DUE DILIGENT REVIEWS

1. Project name Hoa Xuan Waste Water Treatment Plant in Cam Le district, Da Nang city.

Description Hoa Xuan wastewater treatment plant is really successful because the effectiveness of wastewater treatment activities in all three areas is water treatment, odor and sediment. The factory is invested VND 196 billion, using advanced technology, batch processing (improved SPR), reduces investment in waste water reservoirs, does not occupy land use area, minimizes the generation of odors. foul environment. Phase 1 with a capacity of 20,000m3 / day and night was put into operation. With improved SPR technology, the waste water will be transferred to the factory directly into the automatic treatment tank in batches. The factory operates to treat 3 sources of waste thoroughly, including wastewater of quality standard A, QCVN 14:2008/BTNMT - National technical regulation on domestic wastewater, odor sources are collected and treated with activated carbon. For garbage and sludge, it is sucked, pressed and briquled from the factory, then transported to the disposal place as prescribed. The complete handling by automation should minimize technical workers and operators. Prediod 2015-2018, Hoa Xuan WWTP has upgraded with capacity 60,000 m3/day by the SCDP project that funded WB loan. Relationship with the VNUDP - UD subproject: Domestic wastewater after treatment by the septic tanks from the UD subprojet will be collected and treated at Hoa Xuan Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The connection agreement record from Da Nang DOC by the Letter No.2951/SXD-QLHT for connection of transport, internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang subproject to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road). See the detail in Annex 3. The increase of wastewater generated from the VNUDP - UD subproject is within the treatment capacity of the Hoa Xuan WWTP.

Status The plant was launched in June 2014 and has efficiently operated since then.

Status of EIA/EMP The Hoa Xuan WWTP under the SCDP project that funded WB loan has its Environmental Impact Assessment approved by Da Nang PPC (according to the Decision No. 5374 / QDUB dated August 18, 2016 approving the Report on preliminary environmental impact assessment of the Danang City Sustainable Development Project) and the WB in 2016. Due diligence Domestic wastewater after treatment by the septic tanks from the UD subprojet will be collected and treated at Hoa Xuan Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). The increase of wastewater generated from VNUDP - UD subproject is within the treatment capacity of the Hoa Xuan WWTP. The potential environmental impacts due to the sub-project are to be assessed and mitigation measures are to be proposed. Overall, the likelihood of impacts is small and manageable.

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ANNEX 2. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTATION MINUTES

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ANNEX 3. AGREEMENT ON DRAINAGE CONNECTION

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DA NANG CITY PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM DEPARTMENT OF CONSTRUCTION Independence – Freedom – Happiness ------No.2951/SXD-QLHT Da Nang, 20 May 2015 Re: Connection of transport, internal drainage system of the University of Da Nang subproject to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city (Nam Ky Khoi Nghia road) To: The University of Da Nang Department of Construction received the Letter No.2114/DHDN-CSVC dated 06/05/2015 of the University of Da Nang on linking the drainage system from internal system of the University of Da Nang subproject (UD subproject) phase II to the drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city. Pursuant to the city’s policy at the Letter No.7965/UNMD/QLDT dated 09/09/2014 agreeing with University of Da Nang to connect the transport and drainage system of the UD subproject phase II to the transport and drainage system of Ring road in the South of the city. Based on agreements with stakeholders at the meeting dated 19/5/2015 (attached). The Department of Construction would like to raise some recommendations as follows: - Connection of drainage system: Agree with the University of Da Nang to connect its drainage culvert along internal road of University of Science and Education under the UD subproject – phase II, with a dimension BxH=1200x1200 to the upstream of the drainage culvert B52 of the prioritized infrastructure project (The culvert, under the planning, was calculated for the basin of UD subproject). Before connection, we would request the University of Da Nang to inform Drainage and Wastewater Treatment Company of carrying out construction monitoring as stipulated by regulations. - Transport linking: We would like to request Department of Transport to consider and agree with the University of Da Nang to connect internal roads of University of Science and Education under the UD subproject – phase II to the Ring road in the South of the city in order to immediately address traffics issues for local people in Luu Quang Vu area (not cleared yet) and officers, students of University of Science and Education. The long-term connection will be considered comprehensively to adjust the Master Plan of the University of Da Nang. The contents are informed to stakeholders for implementation./. Recipients: FOR THE DIRECTOR - As above; DEPUTY DIRECTOR - DoT - Drainage and Wastewater treatment Company - PMU of prioritized infrastructure (signed and sealed) Project Le Tung Lam - PC of Ngu Hanh Son district - Filed

Final Report 238 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

ANNEX 4. LABORATORY SAFETY MANUAL- PRINCIPLES AT WORK IN THE LABORATORY

To ensure safety and avoid unfortunate situations when working in the laboratory, each faculty staffs, lecturer, student, trainee and PhD student must master the required procedures and rules. The equipment and the use of personal protection are extremely necessary. Before starting operations one must master 15 general regulations for working in the laboratory. I.LABORATORY REGULATIONS 1) Conduct experiment only with the presence of lecturers and laboratory technicians. 2) Read the directions carefully and think before conducting experiments. 3) Know where the safety equipment is stored. 4) Wear laboratory coat. 5) Wear goggles. 6) Hair is neatly tied. 7) Clean experiment table before starting an experiment. 8) Never taste laboratory chemicals. 9) Do not eat or drink in the laboratory. 10) Do not look into the test tube. 11) In case of chemical spillage or accidents, immediately notify lecturers and/or laboratory technicians. 12) Wash the skin when exposed to chemicals. 13) If the eye contacts with chemical, wash the eye immediately. 14) Dispose of laboratory waste in the designated places as directed. 15) If there is any inquiry, please ask the laboratory head. II. LABORATORY RULES: 1. Everyone who works in the lab (laboratory) should be trained and examined of labor safety rules, processes, rules and technical measures to ensure workplace safety. 2. Respect working discipline, workplace sanitation and guidance from the responsible staffs. No stranger or overtime working is allowed, except for pre-agreed permission from the lab head and HUST security department. 3. Read carefully the document, understand all the details of the experiment before performing and anticipate problems that may occur for proactive prevention. 4. During conducting experiments carefully observe and record the data for the experiment report. After completion, clean and neatly arrange equipment and laboratory instruments. 5. In addition to the general provisions mentioned above, the specific provisions are applied to each laboratory depending on the nature of the experiments to ensure absolute safety for persons and property in the lab. III. LABORATORY SAFETY RULES All experiments using volatile substances, having unpleasant smells, toxic gases or concentrated acids must be conducted in a fume hood or well-ventilated place. Characteristics the chemicals used in the laboratory such as toxicity, risks of fire and explosion should be well

Final Report 239 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

comprehended to avoid mistakes when conducting experiments, leading to unfortunate consequences. 3.1. Working with toxic agents: - In chemistry lab there are common but highly toxic chemicals, such as HCN, NaCN/KCN, Me2SO4, Hg, HgCl2, CO, Cl2, Br2, NO, NO2, H2S, NO2,... or substances used in organic synthesis such as CH3OH, C5H5N pyridine, THF, benzene, toluene, acrylonitrile, aniline, HCHO, CH2Cl2... - Do not smellchemicals directly;smell them in a distance using hand waving. - After work wash your face, hands and utensils (use soap). - Store chemicalscarefully. 3.2. Working with flammable substances:

- Flammable, volatile substances such as Et2O, Me2CO, ROH, kerosene, gasoline, CS2, benzene, etc. can be heated or distilled in a water or air bath on the sealed electric stove. - Do not place near heat sources, circuit breakers,... - When conducting crystallization from flammable solvents separate instruments must be used with the reflux condenser. 3.3. Working with explosive substances:

- When working with substances such as H2, alkali (metal & liquid), NaNH2/KNH2, concentrated acid, explosive organic matters (especially polynitro)... as well as when working under low or high pressure, protective glasses (made of organic glass) must be worn to protect the eyes and the important parts on the face. - Do not bow to the boiled liquids or heated solids to prevent chemical splash (not well noticed issue). When heating the solution in a test tube use holder and always turn the tube mouth away from body, especially when heating concentrated acid or alkaline. Apprehend storing place and proficient use of firefighting tools and first aid medicine box in case of accidents for prompt and effective control. IV. WORKING WITH CHEMICALS 4.1. Experiments with toxic substances - In the laboratory there are many toxins such as mercury (Hg), white phosphorus (P), carbon oxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), phenol (C6H5OH), formic acid (HCOOH), benzene (C6H6), chlorine (Cl2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), etc... - The experiments with hazardous substances should be conducted with small amounts of chemicals, work in a well ventilated area and good posture. Note: do not taste chemical and master common chemical smelling practices. 4.2. Experiment with caustic and burning substances: - Carefully perform experiments with concentrated alkaline, acid, alkali metals, phenols etc.to avoid contact to hands, clothing, especially the eye (use goggles).

- When diluting H2SO4 acid carefully pour the acid into the water slowly and stir it well but not vice versa. - When heating a solution of these substances comply with the rules of chemical heated in vitro 4.3. Experiment with flammable substances - There are flammable substances such as alcohol, gasoline, Benzene, acetone ether... in the laboratory.

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- Use small amount in experiment keep solutions away from the flames.... do not heat them directlyover fire, use water bath instead. - Do not use large pot to store these substances and keep them away from fire sources (eg Bunsen burner, electric stove...) - Use alcohol burner in compliance with the defined rules. 4.4. Experiments with explosives: The explosives often found in laboratories are nitrate salts, chlorate salts etc.... These substances should be kept away from fire sources and carefully blended in accordance with the proper ratio of the volume. Wear protective gauges in experiment; high risk experiments are not allowed. When such gases as H2, C2H2, CH4, etc are burnt... their purity must be tested to avoid mixing with oxygen creating dangerous explosive mixture. Do not put large amount of sodium into the water as this will cause a fire and explosion accident. How to test:

Collect H2 gas through H2O into the small test tubes. Use finger to cover the tube containing H2 and put the tube mouth near an alcohol burner. When opening the tube, the mixture of H2 gas and O2 (in the air) will fire with pretty loud sound. Continue this process until no loud sound is heard to gain the pure H2. Use of glassware: - Carefully put glass tube through the button to avoid cracking. - Do not put hot water, boiling water into the cold or room temperature glass container. - If finger is cut by broken glass bleed off the toxic substance for few seconds before washing with 90o alcoholand applying bandage. - Broken glass instruments should be collected separately from other waste. V. NOTES FOR TOXIC PREVENTION IN CHEMICAL LABORATORY 5.1. Toxic precaution - Each chemical laboratory should be equipped with protective facilities such as gowns, rubber gloves, goggles, ventilators etc. - Carefully read labels and understand toxicity signs when using chemicals. Keep in mind how to take and smell chemicals. In the process of experimenting with toxic escaping fumes such experiment should be conducted in a well ventilated area or in fume hood. 5.2. Explosion and fire precautions - Each laboratory should prepare sufficient means of fire prevention and fighting: fire extinguishers, sand, water containers, sacks, buckets etc. Laboratory staffs should understand the principles of firefighting and especially master the principles of storing and using explosive chemicals, flammable and explosive fire symbols on the label on the chemical containers. When a fire or explosion occur quickly determine the causes to propose suitable remedial measures. - In cases when accidents happen all employees must apply first aid rules for the victims before transferringto the medical facility. 5.3. First aid for chemical accidents In case of burns:

- For burns by flammable solvents such as benzene, acetone (C6H6, CH3COCH3etc....) use wet cloths over the burnt part, then apply sand or wet burlap to extinguish the fire. Do not use water to wash the burns; instead use potassium permanganate soaked gauze (KMnO4 1%) or carefully apply picric acid H3BO3 2% on burn wounds.

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- For concentrated alkali burns, caustic soda, caustic potat (NaOH, KOH): Use clean water to wash the wound several times, then wash with 5% acetic acid solution. If the eye contacts with alkaline it must be washed with clean water several times then boric acid solution (H3BO3 2%).

- For concentrated acid burns like sulfuric acid, nitric (H2SO4, HNO3...): First wash with clean water several times, then use 5% of ammonia or 10%s olution of NaHCO3, to remove the acid (do not use soap to wash the wound). If If the eye contacts with acid it must be quickly washed thoroughly several times with clean water and distilled water then sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) 3%. - For burns by phosphorus (P): First wash the burn with copper sulfate solution (CuSO4) 2%. Do not use ointments or vaseline. Then apply gauze soaked with copper sulfate 2% solution or aqueous potassium permanganate (KMnO4) 3% on the wound. This type of burns takes longer time to recover, be aware of infection. In case of poisoning: - Drinking acid by mistake: First let the victim drink ice water, crushed egg shells (1/2 spoon in the cup of water) and drink slowly magnesium oxide powder (MgO) mixed with water (29 grams in 300 ml of water). Do not use purge. - Poisoned by absorbing alkali (ammonia, caustic soda...): first have the victim drink diluted vinegar (2% acetic acid) or lemon juice. Do not drink purge. - Poisoned by digesting mercury compounds, first have the victim vomit and drink milk with egg whites. Then have the victim drink activated charcoal. - Poisonedbywhite phosphorus: first have the victim vomit, then drink copper sulfate solution (CuSO4) 0.5 grams in a liter of water and iced water. Do not drink milk, egg whites, oil because these substances solute phosphorus.

- Poisoned by lead mixture: have the victim drink sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) 10% or magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) 10% in warm water because these substances will form a precipitate with lead. Then drink milk with the egg whites and activated charcoal.

- Poisoned due to inhalation of toxic gases such as chlorine, bromine.. (Cl2, Br2): carry the victim to open space, loosen waistband, breath in a small amount of ammonia or 900 alcohol mixed with ammonia.

- Poisoned from breathing hydrogen sulfide, carbon oxides... (H2S, CO): lay the victim in open space and breath in pure oxygen for breathing and apply artificial respiration if necessary. - + Poisoned by overinhaling ammonia: let the victim inhale hot water steam, then drink lemon juice or diluted vinegar. Fire fighting in the laboratory a. Water: - Water is effective in wetting, cooling, extinguishing and preventing fire from spreading when sprayed onto the material near the fire. It is best to use a small jet of water with droplet size of 0.3-0.8mm. - Water is effective in extinguishing fire of the conventional solids: wood, paper, coal, rubber, cloth and some water-soluble liquid (organic acid, acetone, low ranking alcohol) Do not use water when: - Extinguishing fire in powered equipment as this will destroy other equipment. - There are substances reactive with water in the fire area.

Final Report 242 Vietnam National universities development project – Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Da Nang University subproject (Funded by World Bank)

- Extinguish the fire and liquid hydrocarbons dissolved in water which is lighter than water density. These substances will float on the water and the fire will spread. - Fire by oil, high temperature liquids or melting solids. It is dangerous to use water which will cause boiling, exploding or foaming. b. CO2 tank: Pressurized CO2 (often 60atm) will evaporate and cover the fire by dry snow forms when released. Advantages:

- Easy to use, especially in the small fire, CO2 is not harmful for machinery and equipment, including electrical equipment.

- The amountof CO2 is determined by weighing the tank.

Do not use CO2 tank in the following cases:

- burning clothes (because cold CO2 will harm exposed skin) - fire by alkali metal, magnesium, substances capable of separating oxygen (peroxide, chlorate, potassium nitrate, permanganate,...), the organometallic liquids such as aluminum alkyl (however CO2 can be used for the alkali metal and organometallic substances in organic solvents)

- CO2 is less effective when extinguishing fire of decaying materials. c. Portable chemical foam tank: Powder extinguisher (eg, sodium carbonate and additives, ammonium phosphate and additives, or some other substance) + compressed inert gas in a small bottle mounted on the extinguisher. Usage:

- Overturn the tank, NaHCO3 reacts with sulfuric acid generating CO2 foam that insulates air from fire and cools fired objects. - when there are no other means of extinguishing fires, or other means areineffective. - Most effective for extinguishing fires of alkali metals, alkaline earth, organometallic, metal hydride... - Less toxic, little or no damage to equipment, no risk of electrocution. Disadvantages: - Powder cover should be thick enough for the fire not be resumed. - Foam with acid and salt → good electrical conductivity→ only use when power is disconnected. - Do not use in places where substances can react with water to cause explosions, fires and gas separation, corrosive gas, heat...(eg peroxide chemicals, hyrua, carbide, andrit, organometallic...) - Do not use in places where chemicals can corrode or damage due to fire-fighting foam. - Best for extinguishing largefires when other means are less effective. - The usage range can vary depending on powder type loaded in the tank:For example, sodium bicarbonate is not used for alkali metal fires because when heated it decomposes into CO2 and H2O, the remaining material interacts with hot alkali metal and make the fire stronger. d. Asbestos fabric: - Only used for extinguishing small fires (<1m2). Incombustible asbestos cloth, separating the oxygen with fire → extinguishing fire. Only cover asbestos cloth over the fire when the temperature is lowered to avoid fire resuming from flammable materials.

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- To cool down quickly, spray CO2 foam on asbestos cloth to extinguish burning cloth on body. - Use wet cloth, thick woolen cloth or wet blanket to put out the fire of clothes on body. However, usage of asbestos material is restricted as it can be toxic to humans. e. Dried sand: Dry sand can be used to extinguish the fire containing small amounts of liquids, solids when water can not be used. VI. FIRST AID FOR INJURY AND POISONING IN LABORATORY: - The general instruction is given as different specific solutions are applied by cases. - Easy access must be secured to laboratory medicine cabinet. Medicine cabinets usually contain bandages, alcohol iodine, ointments, solutions of KMnO4 3%, CuSO4, NaHCO3 2%, CH3COOH 1%, tannin solution in alcohol... First-aid kits in chemistry lab First-aid kits in chemical laboratories should be in the most appropriate place and managed by lab staffs. The kit cabinet includes: - Tools: medical cotton, gauze, bandages, tweezers, scissors, syringes. - Drugs. - hemostatic drugs: alcohol iodine 5% solution

- antiseptic drugs: potassium permanganate solution (KMnO4 5%), alcohol 400

- burn treating drugs: sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) 5% ammonia solution (NH4OH) 2%, copper sulfate solution (CuSO4) 2%, solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) 2%. - assisting drugs: vitamin B1, C, K, glucose or saccharose sugar...

+ When contacting with concentrated acid (H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HOAc,...) or bromine, phenol, wash with strong running water for a few minutes, then use cotton dipped with NaHCO3 2% or tannin in alcohol covering up the burn. + When the eye contacts with chemicals it must be washed with water several times before the victim being hospitalized immediately.

+ If poisoned by breathing too much gases such as Cl2, Br2, H2S, CO,... the victim must be carried to the open space immediately. When poisoned with metals such as As, Hg,... or cyanide the victim must be transferred immediately to the hospital for emergency treatment. The laboratory always stores a certain amount of chemicals that may be spread into the air and exposed to staffs. Also while performing experiment, chemicals interact and react with each other; reckless operations will lead to unfortunate consequences.

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APPENDIX 5: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMIN LABORATORY

I. CHEMICAL MANAGEMENT PROGRAM One of the most important components of a laboratory safety program is chemical management. Prudent chemical management includes the following processes. 1.1. Chemical Procurement Before a substance is received, information on proper handling, storage, and disposal should be known to those who will be involved. The standard further Vietnam Government that “No container should be accepted without an adequate identifying label. Preferably, all substances should be received in a central location.” These procedures are strongly recommended. Personnel should be trained to identify signs of breakage (e.g., rattling) and leakage (e.g., wet spot or stain) on shipments and such shipments should be refused or opened in a hood by laboratory staffs. Some organizations have specific purchasing policies to prohibit unauthorized purchases of chemicals and other hazardous materials. The purchaser must assume responsibility for ownership of the chemical. Because of the possibility of a chemical leak or release and subsequent exposure, chemical shipments should only be received by trained personnel in a laboratory or central receiving area with proper ventilation. Neither administrative offices nor the mail room is appropriate for receipt or opening of chemical shipments. When preparing to order a chemical for an experiment, several questions should be asked: • What is the minimum amount of this chemical that is needed to perform the experiment? Is it available elsewhere in the facility? Remember, when ordering chemicals, less is always best. Prudent purchasing methods will save storage space, money, and disposal costs. Larger containers require more storage space and will incur additional disposal costs if the chemical is not used. • Has the purchase been reviewed by thechemical hygiene officer (CHO) to ensure that any special requirements can be met? • Is the properpersonal protective equipment (PPE) available in the laboratory to handle this chemical? • What are the special handling precautions? • Where will the chemical be stored in the laboratory? • Does the laboratory chemical hood provide proper ventilation? • Are there special containment considerations in the event of a spill, fire, or flood? • Will there be additional costs or considerations related to the disposal of this chemical? 1.2 Chemical Storage To lessen risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals, trained laboratory personnel should separate and store all chemicals according to hazard category and compatibility. In the event of an accident involving a broken container or a chemical spill, incompatible chemicals that are stored in close proximity can mix to produce fires, hazardous fumes, and explosions. Laboratory personnel should read the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and heed the precautions regarding the storage requirements of the chemicals in the laboratory. To avoid accidents, all chemical containers must be properly labeled with the full chemical name, not abbreviations, and using a permanent marker. All transfer vessels should have the following label information:

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• Chemical name, • Hazard warnings, • Name of manufacturer • Name of researcher in charge, and • Date of transfer to the vessel. Incoming chemical shipments should be dated promptly upon receipt, and chemical stock should be rotated to ensure use of older chemicals. It is good practice to date peroxide formers upon receipt and date again when the container is opened so that the user can dispose of the material according to the recommendations on the MSDS. Peroxide formers should be stored away from heat and light in sealed airtight containers with tight-fitting, nonmetal lids. Test regularly for peroxides and discard the material prior to the expiration date. When storing chemicals on open shelves, always use sturdy shelves that are secured to the wall. Use secondary containment devices (i.e., chemical-resistant trays) where appropriate. Do not store chemicals in the laboratory chemical hood, on the floor, in the aisles, in hallways, in areas of egress, or on the benchtop. Chemicals should be stored away from heat and direct sunlight Only laboratory-grade explosion-proof refrigerators and freezers should be used to store properly sealed and labeled chemicals that require cool storage in the laboratory. Periodically clean and defrost the refrigerator and freezer to ensure maximum efficiency. Domestic refrigerators and freezers should not be used to store chemicals; they possess ignition sources and can cause dangerous and costly laboratory fires and explosions. Do not store food or beverages in the laboratory refrigerator. Highly hazardous chemicals must be stored in a well-ventilated secure area that is designated for this purpose. Cyanides must be stored in a tightly closed container that is securely locked in a cool dry cabinet to which access is restricted. Protect cyanide containers against physical damage and separate them from incompatibles. When handling cyanides, follow good hygiene practices and regularly inspect your PPE. Use proper disposal techniques. Flammable liquids should be stored in approved flammable-liquid containers and storage cabinets. Observe National Fire Protection Association, International Building Code, International Fire Code, and other local code requirements that limit the quantity of flammables per cabinet, laboratory space, and building. Consult the local fire marshal for assistance, if needed. Store odiferous materials in ventilated cabinets. Chemical storage cabinets may be used for long-term storage of limited amounts of chemicals. Rooms that are used specifically for chemical storage and handling (i.e., preparation rooms, storerooms, waste collection rooms, and laboratories) should be controlled-access areas that are identified with appropriate signage. Chemical storage rooms should be designed to provide proper ventilation, two means of access/egress, vents and intakes at both ceiling and floor levels, a diked floor, and a fire suppression system. If flammable chemicals are stored in the room, the chemical storage area must be a spark-free environment and only spark-free tools should be used within the room. Special grounding and bonding must be installed to prevent static charge while dispensing solvents 1.3 Chemical Handling Important information about handling chemicals can be found in the MSDS. A comprehensive file of MSDSs must be kept in the laboratory or be readily accessible online to all employees during all work shifts. Trained laboratory personnel should always read and heed the label and the MSDS before using a chemical for the first time. Laboratory personnel should be familiar with the types of PPE that must be worn when handling the chemical. Ensure that the ventilation will be adequate to handle the chemicals in the laboratory. One should be familiar with the

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institutional Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP) and Emergency Action Plan (EAP) so that appropriate actions are taken in the event of a chemical spill, fire, or explosion. 1.4 Chemical Inventory The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Stored chemicals should be examined periodically (at least annually) for replacement, deterioration, and container integrity. Thus, a system for maintaining an accurate inventory of the laboratory chemicals on campus or within an organization is essential for compliance with local and state regulations and any building codes that apply. There are many benefits of performing annual physical chemical inventory updates: Ensures that chemicals are stored according to compatibility tables, - eliminates unneeded or outdated chemicals, - increases ability to locate and share chemicals in emergency situations, - updates the hazard warning signage on the laboratory door, - promotes more efficient use of laboratory space, - checks expiration dates of peroxide formers, - ensures integrity of shelving and storage cabinets, - encourages laboratory supervisors to make “executive decisions” about discarding dusty bottles of chemicals, - repairs/replaces torn or missing labels and broken caps on bottles, - ensures compliance with all federal, state, and local record-keeping regulations, - promotes good relations and a sense of trust with the community and the emergency responders, - reduces the risk of exposure to hazardous materials and ensures a clean and healthful laboratory environment, and - may reduce costs by making staffs aware of chemicals available within the organization. Every laboratory should maintain an up-to-date chemical inventory. A physical chemical inventory should be performed at least annually, or as requested by the CHO. Although the software that is used to maintain the inventory and the method of performing the chemical inventory will vary from one institution to another, ultimately, the chemical inventory should include the following information: - Chemical name, - Chemical Abstract Service number, - Manufacturer, - Owner, - Room number, and - Location of chemical within the room. Note that the chemical name should be listed with its synonyms. This will allow for cross- indexing for tracking of chemicals and help reduce unnecessary inventory. Important safety issues to consider when performing a chemical inventory are: - Wear appropriate PPE and have extra gloves available. - Use a chemical cart with side rails and secondary containment. - Use a laboratory step stool to reach chemicals on high shelves. - Read the EAP and be familiar with the institution’s safety equipment. - If necessary cease all other work in the laboratory while performing the inventory.

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Once the inventory is complete, use suitable security precautions regarding the accessibility of the information in the chemical inventory. For example, precautions should be taken when the database shows the location of Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Chemicals of Interest in excess of DHS threshold quantities. 1.5 Transporting, Transferring, and Shipping Chemicals It is prudent practice to use a secondary containment device (i.e., rubber pail) when transporting chemicals from the storeroom to the laboratory or even short distances within the laboratory. When transporting several containers, use carts with attached side rails and trays of single piece construction at least 2 in. deep to contain a spill that may occur. Bottles of liquids should be separated to avoid breakage and spills. Avoid high-traffic areas when moving chemicals within the building. When possible, use freight elevators when transporting chemicals and do not allow other passengers. If you must use a general traffic elevator, ask other passengers to wait until you have delivered the chemicals. Always ground and bond the drum and receiving vessel when transferring flammable liquids from a drum to prevent static charge buildup. Use a properly operating chemical fume hood, local exhaust, or adequate ventilation, as verified by monitoring, when transferring PHSs. All outgoing domestic and international chemical shipments must be authorized and handled by the institutional shipper. The shipper must be trained in U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations for ground shipments and must receive mandatory International Air Transport Association training for air shipments. DOT oversees the shipment of hazardous materials and has the authority to impose citations and fines in the event of noncompliance. 1.6 Chemical Waste All chemical waste must be stored and disposed of in compliance with applicable of VietNam Government, and institutional regulatory requirements. Waste containers should be properly labeled and should be the minimum size that is required. There should be at least 2 in. of headspace in the liquid waste container to avoid a buildup of gas that could cause an explosion or a container rupture. II. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES 2.1 Fire Alarm Policy When a fire alarm sounds in the facility, evacuate the laboratory immediately via the nearest exit. Extinguish all Bunsen burner and equipment flames. If the fire originates in your laboratory, follow all institutional policies regarding firefighting and suppression. Check restrooms and other areas with possible limited audio or visual notification of an alarm before exiting the facility. Where necessary, provide assistance to persons with disabilities to ensure they are able to exit the facility. 2.2 Emergency Safety Equipment The following is a guide to safety equipment found in a laboratory 1. A written EAP has been developed and communicated to all personnel in the unit. The plan includes procedures for evacuation, ventilation failure, first aid, and incident reporting. 2. Fire extinguishers are available in the laboratory and tested on a regular basis. If a fire extinguisher is activated for any reason, make an immediate report of the activity to the CHO, fire marshal, or appropriate individual responsible for fire safety equipment so that the fire extinguisher is replaced in a timely manner. 3. . Eyewash units are available, inspected, and tested on a regular basis 4. . Safety showers are available and tested routinely 5. Fire blankets are available in the laboratory, as required. Fire blankets can be used to

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wrap a burn victim to douse flames as well as to cover a shock victim and to provide a privacy shield when treating a victim under a safety shower in the event of a chemical spill. 6. NOTE: Laboratory personnel should be taught that fire blankets can be dangerous if used incorrectly. Wrapping a fire blanket around a person on fire can result in a chimney-like effect that intensifies, rather than extinguishes, the fire. Fire blankets should never be used on a person when they are standing. 7. First-aid equipment is accessible, whether through a kit available in the laboratory or by request through the organization 8. Fire alarms and telephones are available and accessible for emergency use 9. Pathways to fire extinguishers, eyewash units, fire blankets, first-aid kits, and safety showers are clear. 2.3 Chemical Spill Policy Laboratory personnel should be familiar with the chemical, physical, and toxicological properties of each hazardous substance in the laboratory. Consult the label and the MSDS prior to the initial use of each hazardous substance. Always use the minimal amount of the chemical and use caution when transporting the chemical. In the event of an accidental chemical release or spill, personnel should refer to the following general guidelines Most laboratory workers should be able to clean up incidental spills of the materials they use. Large spills, for example, 4lit or more, may require materials, protective equipment, and special handling that make it unsafe for cleanup by laboratory workers themselves. Lab workers should be instructed to contact EHS personnel to evaluate how to proceed with spill cleanup In the event that the spill material has been released to the environment, notify EHS personnel immediately. A release to the environment includes spills directly into a drain or waterway or onto land, such as grass or dirt Low-flammability and low-toxicity materials that are not volatile (e.g., inorganic acids and caustic bases) 1. Decontaminate any victim at the nearest safety shower or eyewash unit. Take other appropriate action as described in the MSDS. 2. Notify appropriate personnel immediately. 3. Limit or restrict access to the area as necessary 4. Wear PPE that is appropriate to the degree of hazard of the spilled substance 5. Use chemical spill kits that contain an inert absorbent to clean up the affected area if this action can be accomplished without risk of additional injury or contamination to personnel. If the spill is located on the laboratory floor, be aware that some absorbents can create a slipping hazard. 6. Dispose of contaminated materials according to institutional policy. 7. Complete an incident report and submit it to the appropriate office or individual 8. Label all phones with emergency phone numbers. Flammable solvents of low toxicity (e.g., diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran) 1. Decontaminate any victims at the nearest safety shower or eyewash unit. Take other appropriate action as described in the MSDS. 2. Alert all other personnel in the laboratory and the general vicinity of the spill. 3. Extinguish all flames and turn off any sparkproducing equipment. If necessary, turn off power to the laboratory at the circuit breaker. The ventilation system must remain operational.

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4. Immediately notify appropriate personnel. 5. Limit or restrict access to the area as necessary. 6. Wear PPE that is appropriate to the degree of hazard of the spilled substance. 7. Use spill pillows or spill absorbent and nonsparking tools to soak up the solvent as quickly as possible. Be sure to soak up chemicals that have seeped under equipment and other objects in the laboratory. If the spill is located on the laboratory floor, be aware that some absorbents can create a slipping hazard. 8. Dispose of contaminated materials according to institutional policy. 9. Complete an incident report and submit it to the appropriate office or individual. Highly toxic materials (e.g., dimethylmercury) 1. Alert all trained laboratory personnel in the laboratory and the general vicinity of the spill and immediately evacuate the area. 2. Decontaminate any victims at a safety shower or eyewash unit in a safe location. Take other appropriate decontamination action as described in the MSDS. 3. Immediately notify appropriate personnel.4 4. Limit or restrict access to the area as necessary. 5. Do not attempt to clean up the spill. EHS personnel will evaluate the hazards that are involved with the spill and will take the appropriate actions. 6. Only EHS personnel and appropriate outside industrial hygienists are authorized to decontaminate the area and dispose of the contaminated waste. 7. Complete an incident report and submit it to the appropriate office or individual. 2.4 Accident Procedures In the event of an accident, follow all institutional policies for emergency response and notify the internal point of contact for laboratory safety and local emergency responders. All accidents involving personal injury, however slight, must be immediately reported according to your institution’s procedure. Provide a copy of the appropriate MSDS to the attending physician, as needed. Complete an accident report and submit it to the appropriate office or individual within 24 hours of the incident. III. EMPLOYEE SAFETY TRAINING PROGRAM Newly hired employees or students working in a laboratory should be required to attend basic safety training prior to their first day. Additional training should be provided to laboratory personnel as they advance in their laboratory duties or when they are required to handle a chemical or use equipment for the first time Safety training should be viewed as a vital component of the laboratory safety program within the organization. The organization should provide ongoing safety activities that serve to promote a culture of safety in the workplace that will begin when the person begins work and will continue for the length of their tenure. Personnel should be encouraged to suggest or request training if they feel it would be beneficial. The training should be recorded and related documents maintained in accordance with organizational requirements. Training sessions may be provided in-house by professional trainers or may be provided via online training courses. Hands-on, scenario-based training should be incorporated whenever possible. Safety training topics that may prove to be helpful to laboratory personnel include • use of CHPs and MSDSs, • chemical segregation, • PPE, • safety showers and eyewash units,

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• first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, • chemical management, • gas cylinder use, • fire extinguisher training, • laser safety, and • emergency procedures.

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APPENDIX 6. SUSTAINABLE DESIGN GUIDE

Optimize Site Potential Sustainable site planning should consist of a whole system approach that seeks to: • Minimize development of open space through the selection of disturbed land, re-use of brown-field sites, and retrofitting existing, buildings; • Provide wildlife corridors if possible on a base, campus or facility-wide scale. Link natural areas to the greatest extent possible so that contiguous areas allow for undisturbed wildlife movement; • Consider energy implications and carbon emissions in site selection and building orientation; • Control erosion through improved grading and landscaping practices; • Use native plants and remove existing invasive plants; • Reduce heat islands through building design methods, minimizing impervious surfaces, and using landscaping; • Minimize habitat disturbance; • Reduce, control, and treat surface runoff; • Restore the health of degraded sites by improving habitat for indigenous species through appropriate native plants, climate-adapted plants, and closed-loop water systems; • Locate the building in walkable distance to a range of stores and services, particularly grocery stores; • Incorporate transportation solutions along with site plans that acknowledge the need for bicycle parking, carpool staging, and proximity to mass transit. Encourage alternatives to traditional commuting; • Consider site security concurrently with sustainable site issues. Location of access roads, parking, vehicle barriers, and perimeter lighting, among others are key issues that must be addressed; and • Work closely with lighting designer to reduce security lighting and its associated light pollution. With overly bright security lighting, often the "bad guys" can safely stage operations just out of range, invisible to the security personnel whose eyes are adjusted to the overly bright immediate environment. Optimize Energy Use During the facility design and development process, building project must have a comprehensive, integrated perspective that seeks to: • Reduce heating, cooling, and lighting loads through climate-responsive design and conservation practices; • Employ renewable energy sources such as day-lighting, passive solar heating, photovoltaic, geothermal, and groundwater cooling; • Specify efficient heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) and lighting systems that consider part-load conditions and utility interface requirements; • Optimize building performance by employing energy modeling programs and optimize system control strategies by using occupancy sensors CO2 sensors and other air quality alarms; • Monitor project performance through a policy of commissioning, metering, annual reporting, and periodic re-commissioning; and

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• Integrate water saving technologies to reduce the energy burden of providing potable water. Protect and Conserve Water The protection and conservation of water must be considered throughout the life of the building. Facility owners and developers must seek to: • Use water efficiently through high efficiency fixtures, elimination of leaks, water conserving cooling towers, and other actions; • Balance the energy and water conservation strategies in cooling tower through water and air side economizers and the use of off-peak cooling as appropriate; • Improve water quality. For example, storm water settling ponds, kitchen grease-traps, eliminate garbage disposals, and lead-bearing products in potable water; • Recover non-sewage and gray-water for on-site use (such as toilet flushing and landscape irrigation, and more generally, consider the water quality requirements of each water use); • Establish waste treatment and recycling centers; • Apply the Best Management Practices for Water Conservation; • Follow Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Technical Guidance on Implementing the Storm water Runoff Requirements for Federal Projects under Section 438 of the Energy Independence and Security Act hydrology requirements to maintain or restore predevelopment hydrology of the property with regard to the temperature, rate, volume and duration of flow. Optimize Building Space and Material Use As early as during conceptual design and design-development stages, the project must have a comprehensive, integrated perspective that seeks to: • Salvage and utilize existing facilities, products, and equipment whenever possible, such as historic structures, previous brown-field or grey-field sites, and reconditioned fixtures and furnishings; • Design facilities adaptable for different uses during their life cycle incorporating building components that can be disassembled, and reused or recycled; • Reduce overall material use through optimizing building size and module; • Evaluate the environmental preferability of products using lifecycle thinking and lifecycle assessment (LCA) • When new materials are used, maximize their recycled content, especially from a post- consumer perspective; • Specify materials harvested on a sustained yield basis such as lumber from third-party certified forests; • Limit the generation of construction and demolition (C&D) materials, encourage the separation of waste streams, and ensure that reuse and recycling is done in an environmentally acceptable manner during the construction, renovation, and demolition processes; • Eliminate the use of materials that pollute or are toxic during their manufacture, use, or reuse; • Give preference to locally produced products and other products with low embodied energy content; and • Encourage success of operational-waste recycling through planning in the design- development phase.

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Enhance Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) During the facility/renovation design and development process, the project must have a comprehensive, integrated perspective that seeks to: • Facilitate quality IEQ through good design, construction, commissioning, and operating and maintenance practices; • Value aesthetic decisions, such as the importance of views and the integration of natural and man-made elements; • Provide thermal comfort with a maximum degree of personal control over temperature and airflow; • Supply adequate levels and quality of ventilation and outside air for acceptable indoor air quality; • Prevent airborne bacteria, mold, and other fungi, as well as radon, through building envelope design that properly manages moisture sources from outside and inside the building, and with heating, ventilating, air-conditioning (HVAC) system designs that are effective at controlling indoor humidity; • Use materials that do not emit pollutants or are low-emitting; • Assure acoustic privacy and comfort through the use of sound absorbing material and equipment isolation; • Control disturbing odors through contaminant isolation and removal, and by careful selection of cleaning products. Pursue energy efficient strategies to remove harmful odors while recovering the energy used in conditioning the interior environment; • Create a high-performance luminous environment through the careful integration of natural and artificial light sources; and • Provide quality water. Optimize Operations and Maintenance Practices Throughout the building's life cycle, operations and maintenance should seek to: • Train building occupants, facilities managers, and maintenance staff in sustainable design principles and methods that will minimize system failures; • Purchase cleaning products and supplies that are resource-efficient, bio-degradable and safer for both janitorial staff and building occupants, and thereby improving indoor air quality; • Test sensor control points on a regular basis to ensure energy efficiency is not compromised; • Use automated monitors and controls for energy, water, waste, temperature, moisture, and ventilation; • Reduce waste through source reduction and recycling to eliminate off-site disposal; • Minimize travel by supporting telecommuting programs and enabling a mobile work environment; • Perform scheduled energy audits and re-commissioning of systems; and • When updating a facility or its systems, choose higher efficiency equipment, durable materials that will withstand storms and other natural events, and improve the tightness of the building envelope if feasible.

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